theHYMedicine.
com
theHYMedicine.com Primary Prevention ~ Prevention Secondary Prevention ~ Screening Tertiary Prevention ~ Treatment
Target Population People at risk Early/Asymptomatic Disease Established Disease
When Implemented before there is evidence of a Implemented after a disease has begun, but Implemented after a disease or injury is
disease or injury before it is symptomatic established
Intent Eliminate causes or increase resistance to Early identification (through screening) & Prevent sequelae; limit the impact of the
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disease prompt treatment before sxs occur disease
Strategies Health Promotion - Screening - Symptomatic treatment
- Social marketing - Case finding - Pharmacological interventions
- Counseling - Early intervention - Management of complications
- Environmental Modifications - Periodic health examination
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Specific Protection
- Eliminate agent
- Control/Eliminate reservoir
- Control transmission
- Prevent exposure
- Improve host resistance
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↓ Heart Disease Risk - Law restricting sale of cigs to minors - Screening for HTN, High cholesterol - Daily aspirin after having an acute MI
- Availability of playgrounds, recess, sport - Echocardiogram or exercise treadmill test for
person w/ diabetes & 3 other risk factors
↓ Diabetes Risk - Counseling obese non-diabetic patient to - Screening using fasting plasma glucose - Measurement of HbA1C every 3-4 months
lose weight in diabetic patients
- Annual eye exam to look for diabetic
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retinopathy in diabetic patients
The further “Upstream” the prevention, the better the prophylactic result Medicine & Public Health Interactions:
Imagine that upstream to a community swimming hole, there is a factory polluting
toxins into the water, causing citizens to develop rashes Public Health Agency services to clinicians
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- Laboratory testing
1° Prevention - Approach the company upstream and get them to stop polluting; - Public health surveillance results
remove the hazardous exposure and prevent rashes in the first place - Health alerts (e.g. anthrax, influenza)
- Selected vaccines, antitoxins, etc.
2° Prevention - Have lifeguards identify and treat infected citizens as soon as they
- Prevention materials
get out of the water; Rashes are not prevented, but their impact is reduced
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Clinicians’ responsibilities to agencies
3° Prevention - Set up programs that educated infected citizens on how to live with
- Public health surveillance reporting
their rash; Dampening impact by helping people live with their rash
- Completing death certificate
- Reporting of suspected child or elder abuse
Source: https://www.iwh.on.ca/at-work/80
