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2 and 5 marks questions

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27 views3 pages

2 and 5 marks questions

Statistics

Uploaded by

tnvrjmdr
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1. What is Business Statistics?

Business Statistics is defined as the systematic practice of collecting, analysing, interpreting, and
presenting data, relevant to business operations and decision-making.

2. If 𝑋̅ = 12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 = 2 then find the coefficient of variation.


𝜎
𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑋 100
𝑋̅
2
𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑋 100 = 16.67
̅̅̅̅
12
3. When A and B are independent events and If P(A) = 0.4 and P(B) = 0.6 then find P(AUB).
P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) = 0.4 + 0.6 = 1.
4. Write any two uses of index number.
1. Index numbers are necessary tools for governments organization in planning and
formulating policies regarding economic activities.
2. Index numbers are used for the fixation of salary and grant of allowances to
employees.
5. What is positive correlation.
If the two correlated variables are moving in same direction thenthe correlation is called
positive correlation.
6. Write two properties of mean.
1. The algebraic sum of the deviation of the given set of values from their arithmetic mean
is zero. Symbolically, ∑(𝑋 − 𝑋̅) = 0
2. 2 The sum of squares of deviations of the given set of values is minimum when taken
from the arithmetic mean. Symbolically, is minimum. ∑(𝑋 − 𝑋̅)2 = 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
7. Define median.
The median is usually defined as the value of the middle item when the data are
arranged in an ascending or descending order of magnitude.
8. If two regression coefficients are 0.85 and 0.9, find r correlation coefficient.
Ans: Given, 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 0.85 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 0.9

𝑟 = √𝑏𝑥𝑦 × 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = √0.85 × 0.9 = √0.765 = 0.87

9. What are the properties of regression coefficient.


Ans:i) The regression coefficients are independent of change of origin of measurement of the
variables. But, they are depends on the scale.
ii). The geometric mean of the regression coefficients is equal to the coefficient of correlation,
1. 𝑟 = √𝑏𝑥𝑦 × 𝑏𝑦𝑥

10. Define negative correlation.


Negative Correlation: If the two correlated variables are moving in opposite direction then
the correlation is called negative correlation.
11. Define mathematical expectation.
Let X be a discreate random variable which can takes any one of the values x1, x2, x3,
…… xn with respective probabilities p1, p2, p3 …. …… pn then, the mathematical
expectation of X is defined as,
E(X)=x1p1+x2p2+x3p3+…………………+ xnpn = Σxp(x).
12. Define random variable.
Random variable is a function which assigns a real number to every sample point in
the sample space.
13. Define probability of an event A.
In a random experiment let n be the possible outcomes which are equally likely,
mutually exclusive and exhaustive. Let m of these outcomes be favourable to an event A.
Then, probability of A is,
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 (𝑚)
𝑃(𝐴) =
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑥ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 (𝑛)
14. Define Correlation.
Correlation is the statistical device which the relationship between two related variables.

15. State mean and variance of passion


distribution.Ans: 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 𝐸(𝑥) = 𝜆 and
𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑉(𝑋) = 𝜆
16. Define mode
The definition of mode is, the most frequently occurring value
17. When A and B are independent events and If P(A) = 0.4 and P(B) = 0.6 then find P(AπB).
P(AπB) = P(A) X P(B) = 0.4 X 0.6 = 0.24

18. Define Regression.


Ans: Regression is the statistical device which help us to estimate the unknown value of one
variable from the known value of the related variable.
19. Define Index numbers.
20. What is Price relative?

5 Marks questions
1. Write the properties of normal distribution.
1. The normal curve is bell shaped and symmetrical in nature.
2. The mean, median and mode coincides.
3. The curve is asymptotic to the X-axis. That us, the two tails never touches the
base line.
4. The ordinate at the mean divide the whole area under a normal curve into two
equal parts.
5. The total area under curve is 1.
6. The range of the distribution is .
7. The distribution is mesokurtic
2. Write the merits and demerits of mean.
Merits of Arithmetic mean:
1 It is easy to understand and simple to calculate.
2 It is rigidly defined.
3 It is based on all the observations.
4 It is suitable for further mathematical calculation.
5 It is least affected by fluctuations of samplings.
Demerits of arithmetic means.
1 It is affected by extreme values.
2 It can be determined even if one of the values is missing.
3 The arithmetic mean can not be calculated in the case open end classes without
making assumptions about the size of the class intervals.

3. What are the properties of regression coefficient.


Ans: i) The regression coefficients are independent of change of origin of measurement of
thevariables. But, they are depends on the scale.
ii). The geometric mean of the regression coefficients is equal to the coefficient of
correlation,

𝑟 = √𝑏𝑥𝑦 × 𝑏𝑦𝑥

(iii) The signs of both the regression coefficients are the same., and so the value of r will also
have the same sign.
(iv) Coefficient of determination is the product of both the regression coefficients i.e.
𝑟 2 = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 𝑋 𝑏𝑦𝑥
(v). The value of both the regression coefficients cannot be greater than 1.

4. Define skewness and explain the types of skewness.

Skewness is ‘lack of symmetry.


Symmetrical Distribution. It is clear from the diagram (a) that in a symmetrical distribution
the values of mean, median and mode coincide. It indicates that the spread of the frequencies
is the same on both sides of the centre point of the curve.
Positively Skewed Distribution. In the positively skewed distribution, the value of the mean
is maximum and that of mode least, the values of the median lies in between the two. It is
clear from the diagram (b) that the curve is skewed to the right and it has longer tail towards
the right.
Negatively Skewed Distribution. In a negatively skewed distribution, the value of the mode
is maximum and that of mean least, the value of median lies in between the two. It is clear
from the diagram (c) that the curve is skewed to the left and it has longer tail towards the left.

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