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Java@Programs

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Java@Programs

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akhil84

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Java@Programs

This is a copy of a conversation between ChatGPT & Anonymous.

Here is a categorized list of 150+ Java programs ranging from basic to intermediate levels:

1. Basics of Java Programming

1. Print "Hello, World!"

2. Add two numbers
3. Check if a number is even or odd
4. Find the maximum of three numbers
5. Swap two numbers without using a third variable
6. Find the ASCII value of a character
7. Check if a number is positive, negative, or zero
8. Multiply two floating-point numbers
9. Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
10. Print the sum of n natural numbers

2. Control Statements

11. Check if a number is prime

12. Print all prime numbers in a range
13. Check if a number is a palindrome
14. Check if a number is an Armstrong number
15. Find the factorial of a number
16. Generate a multiplication table for a number
17. Count digits in a number
18. Reverse a number
19. Calculate the sum of digits of a number
20. Check if a year is a leap year

3. Loops

21. Print Fibonacci series up to n terms

22. Print patterns (e.g., pyramid, reverse pyramid)
23. Calculate the power of a number using a loop
24. Print all factors of a number
25. Print the sum of even and odd numbers in a range
26. Find GCD of two numbers
27. Find LCM of two numbers
28. Print the first n prime numbers

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29. Check if a number is perfect
30. Calculate the sum of squares of first n natural numbers

4. Arrays

31. Find the largest and smallest elements in an array

32. Sort an array using bubble sort
33. Find the second largest element in an array
34. Search for an element in an array
35. Count occurrences of an element in an array
36. Merge two arrays
37. Find duplicates in an array
38. Reverse an array
39. Find the sum of array elements
40. Remove duplicate elements from an array

5. Strings

41. Check if a string is a palindrome

42. Count vowels and consonants in a string
43. Reverse a string without using built-in methods
44. Check if two strings are anagrams
45. Find the length of a string
46. Convert a string to uppercase and lowercase
47. Replace characters in a string
48. Count the number of words in a string
49. Extract a substring from a string
50. Sort an array of strings

6. Object-Oriented Programming

51. Create a class and an object

52. Implement a parameterized constructor
53. Demonstrate method overloading
54. Demonstrate inheritance with method overriding
55. Implement a simple calculator using classes and objects
56. Create a class to represent a bank account
57. Demonstrate the use of static variables and methods
58. Create a program using abstract classes
59. Implement multiple inheritance using interfaces
60. Create and use inner classes

7. Exception Handling

61. Handle divide-by-zero exception

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62. Handle array index out-of-bound exception
63. Use multiple catch blocks
64. Demonstrate the use of the `finally` block
65. Throw and catch a custom exception
66. Handle `NumberFormatException`
67. Handle `NullPointerException`
68. Write a program with nested try-catch blocks
69. Demonstrate the `throws` keyword
70. Create a program with a custom checked exception

8. File Handling

71. Read data from a file

72. Write data to a file
73. Append data to a file
74. Count the number of lines in a file
75. Copy the contents of one file to another
76. Delete a file
77. Find a word in a file
78. Serialize and deserialize an object
79. Demonstrate RandomAccessFile class
80. Read a file using BufferedReader

9. Collections

81. Create and use an ArrayList

82. Demonstrate the use of HashMap
83. Implement a stack using Java Collections
84. Create and use a LinkedList
85. Implement a queue using Java Collections
86. Sort a list using Collections.sort()
87. Use a TreeMap to store data
88. Find the frequency of elements in a list
89. Iterate over a HashSet
90. Create a priority queue

10. Recursion

91. Find the factorial of a number using recursion

92. Print Fibonacci series using recursion
93. Reverse a string using recursion
94. Find the GCD of two numbers using recursion
95. Solve the Tower of Hanoi problem
96. Check if a string is a palindrome using recursion
97. Calculate the sum of digits of a number using recursion

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98. Generate permutations of a string
99. Solve a maze using recursion
100. Count subsets with a given sum using recursion

11. Searching and Sorting

101. Implement binary search

102. Implement linear search
103. Implement selection sort
104. Implement insertion sort
105. Implement quicksort
106. Implement mergesort
107. Implement heap sort
108. Find the k-th smallest element in an array
109. Find the missing number in an array
110. Sort an array of 0s, 1s, and 2s

12. Advanced Topics

111. Implement a simple multithreading program

112. Demonstrate synchronization in multithreading
113. Implement producer-consumer problem
114. Demonstrate inter-thread communication
115. Create a program using lambda expressions
116. Demonstrate the use of Stream API
117. Perform matrix addition
118. Perform matrix multiplication
119. Create a simple game (e.g., tic-tac-toe)
120. Implement a simple chat application using sockets

13. Miscellaneous

121. Convert decimal to binary

122. Convert binary to decimal
123. Check if a number is a power of 2
124. Generate random numbers
125. Demonstrate the use of enum
126. Find the frequency of characters in a string
127. Implement a stopwatch program
128. Solve N-Queens problem
129. Demonstrate the use of Java Reflection API
130. Create a basic calculator GUI using Swing

14. Real-World Scenarios

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131. Create a login system
132. Implement a student management system
133. Create a library management system
134. Develop a simple billing system
135. Create a basic e-commerce system
136. Develop a simple ticket booking system
137. Create a personal expense tracker
138. Implement a weather app (fetch data using APIs)
139. Create a contact management system
140. Build a basic blogging application

15. Debugging and Optimization

141. Debug a program with logical errors

142. Optimize a sorting algorithm
143. Identify and fix memory leaks
144. Analyze time complexity of an algorithm
145. Create unit tests using JUnit
146. Write a program with command-line arguments
147. Implement lazy initialization
148. Demonstrate the use of the Singleton design pattern
149. Use the Factory design pattern
150. Demonstrate dependency injection

Let me know which specific topics or programs you'd like detailed explanations or examples for!

Here are Java programs for basic topics:

1. Print "Hello, World!"

java

public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}

2. Add Two Numbers

java

import java.util.Scanner;

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public class AddTwoNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter first number: ");
int num1 = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter second number: ");
int num2 = scanner.nextInt();
int sum = num1 + num2;
System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
}
}

3. Check If a Number Is Even or Odd

int sum = n * (n + 1) / 2;

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System.out.println("Sum of first " + n + " natural numbers: " + sum);
}
}

These programs cover the basics of Java and help you understand input, output, control statements,
and simple operations. Let me know if you’d like further explanations or programs!

Here are the next set of basic Java programs:

11. Check if a Number Is Prime

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PrimeCheck {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

boolean isPrime = true;

if (num <= 1) {
isPrime = false;
} else {
for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
}

if (isPrime) {
System.out.println(num + " is a prime number.");
} else {
System.out.println(num + " is not a prime number.");
}
}
}

12. Print All Prime Numbers in a Range

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PrimeInRange {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the start of the range: ");
int start = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter the end of the range: ");

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int end = scanner.nextInt();

for (int num = start; num <= end; num++) {

boolean isPrime = true;
if (num <= 1) {
isPrime = false;
} else {
for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
}
if (isPrime) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
}
}
}

13. Check if a Number Is a Palindrome

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PalindromeCheck {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
int original = num;
int reversed = 0;

while (num != 0) {
int digit = num % 10;
reversed = reversed * 10 + digit;
num /= 10;
}

if (original == reversed) {
System.out.println(original + " is a palindrome.");
} else {
System.out.println(original + " is not a palindrome.");
}
}
}

14. Check if a Number Is an Armstrong Number

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArmstrongCheck {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

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System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
int original = num;
int sum = 0;

while (num != 0) {
int digit = num % 10;
sum += Math.pow(digit, 3);
num /= 10;
}

if (original == sum) {
System.out.println(original + " is an Armstrong number.");
} else {
System.out.println(original + " is not an Armstrong number.");
}
}
}

15. Find the Factorial of a Number

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Factorial {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
long factorial = 1;

for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {

factorial *= i;
}

System.out.println("Factorial of " + num + " is: " + factorial);

}
}

16. Generate a Multiplication Table for a Number

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class MultiplicationTable {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {

System.out.println("Sum of digits: " + sum);

}
}

20. Check if a Year Is a Leap Year

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class LeapYearCheck {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a year: ");
int year = scanner.nextInt();

if ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0)) {

System.out.println(year + " is a leap year.");
} else {
System.out.println(year + " is not a leap year.");
}
}
}

Let me know if you want programs for the next set or detailed explanations!

Here is the next set of basic Java programs:

21. Calculate Power of a Number

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PowerCalculation {

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public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the base: ");
int base = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter the exponent: ");
int exponent = scanner.nextInt();

long result = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < exponent; i++) {
result *= base;
}

System.out.println(base + "^" + exponent + " = " + result);

}
}

22. Find GCD of Two Numbers

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class GCD {

while (num2 != 0) {
int temp = num2;
num2 = num1 % num2;
num1 = temp;
}

System.out.println("GCD is: " + num1);

}
}

23. Find LCM of Two Numbers

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class LCM {

int gcd = num1;

int temp = num2;

while (temp != 0) {

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int remainder = gcd % temp;
gcd = temp;
temp = remainder;
}

int lcm = (num1 * num2) / gcd;

System.out.println("LCM is: " + lcm);
}
}

24. Print Fibonacci Series up to n Terms

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FibonacciSeries {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of terms: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();

int first = 0, second = 1;

System.out.print("Fibonacci Series: " + first + " " + second);

for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) {

int next = first + second;
System.out.print(" " + next);
first = second;
second = next;
}
}
}

25. Find the Largest and Smallest Numbers in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class MinMaxArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

int max = arr[0], min = arr[0];

29. Sort an Array in Ascending Order

java

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SortArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

Arrays.sort(arr);
System.out.println("Sorted array: " + Arrays.toString(arr));
}
}

30. Calculate the Sum and Average of Elements in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArraySumAverage {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

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System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array: ");
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
sum += arr[i];
}

double average = (double) sum / n;

System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
System.out.println("Average: " + average);
}
}

Let me know if you'd like to continue with more programs!

Here’s the next set of basic Java programs:

31. Find the Second Largest Element in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondLargest {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

int largest = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

int secondLargest = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

for (int num : arr) {

if (num > largest) {
secondLargest = largest;
largest = num;
} else if (num > secondLargest && num != largest) {
secondLargest = num;
}
}

if (secondLargest == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
System.out.println("No second largest element found.");
} else {
System.out.println("Second largest element: " + secondLargest);
}
}
}

32. Remove Duplicates from an Array

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java

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class RemoveDuplicates {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

Arrays.sort(arr);
System.out.print("Array after removing duplicates: ");

System.out.print(arr[0] + " ");

for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] != arr[i - 1]) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
}
}
}

33. Count Occurrences of Each Element in an Array

java

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ElementOccurrences {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

HashMap<Integer, Integer> occurrences = new HashMap<>();

for (int num : arr) {
occurrences.put(num, occurrences.getOrDefault(num, 0) + 1);
}

System.out.println("Occurrences of each element: ");

for (int key : occurrences.keySet()) {
System.out.println(key + " appears " + occurrences.get(key) + " times.");
}
}
}

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34. Merge Two Arrays

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class MergeArrays {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the size of the first array: ");

int n1 = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr1 = new int[n1];
System.out.println("Enter the elements of the first array: ");
for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
arr1[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.print("Enter the size of the second array: ");

int n2 = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr2 = new int[n2];
System.out.println("Enter the elements of the second array: ");
for (int i = 0; i < n2; i++) {
arr2[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

int[] merged = new int[n1 + n2];

System.arraycopy(arr1, 0, merged, 0, n1);
System.arraycopy(arr2, 0, merged, n1, n2);

System.out.println("Merged array: ");

for (int num : merged) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
}
}

35. Find the Transpose of a Matrix

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class MatrixTranspose {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of rows: ");
int rows = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter the number of columns: ");
int cols = scanner.nextInt();

int[][] matrix = new int[rows][cols];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the matrix: ");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
matrix[i][j] = scanner.nextInt();
}
}

System.out.println("Transpose of the matrix: ");

for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {

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for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
System.out.print(matrix[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

36. Find the Sum of Rows and Columns in a Matrix

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class MatrixSum {

int[][] matrix = new int[rows][cols];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the matrix: ");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
matrix[i][j] = scanner.nextInt();
}
}

System.out.println("Sum of each row: ");

for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
int rowSum = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
rowSum += matrix[i][j];
}
System.out.println("Row " + (i + 1) + ": " + rowSum);
}

System.out.println("Sum of each column: ");

for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
int colSum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
colSum += matrix[i][j];
}
System.out.println("Column " + (j + 1) + ": " + colSum);
}
}
}

37. Check if a Number Is Perfect

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PerfectNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {

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Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
int sum = 0;

for (int i = 1; i <= num / 2; i++) {

if (num % i == 0) {
sum += i;
}
}

if (sum == num) {
System.out.println(num + " is a perfect number.");
} else {
System.out.println(num + " is not a perfect number.");
}
}
}

Let me know if you'd like to continue with more programs!

Here’s the next set of Java programs:

38. Find All Prime Numbers in a Given Range

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PrimeNumbersInRange {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the lower bound: ");
int low = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter the upper bound: ");
int high = scanner.nextInt();

System.out.println("Prime numbers between " + low + " and " + high + ":");
for (int num = low; num <= high; num++) {
if (isPrime(num)) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
}
}

public static boolean isPrime(int num) {

if (num <= 1) return false;
for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
if (num % i == 0) return false;
}
return true;
}
}

39. Check if a Number Is an Armstrong Number

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArmstrongNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

int originalNum = num;

int sum = 0;

while (num > 0) {

int digit = num % 10;
sum += Math.pow(digit, 3);
num /= 10;
}

if (sum == originalNum) {
System.out.println(originalNum + " is an Armstrong number.");
} else {
System.out.println(originalNum + " is not an Armstrong number.");
}
}
}

40. Check if a Number Is a Strong Number

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StrongNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

int originalNum = num;

int sum = 0;

while (num > 0) {

int digit = num % 10;
sum += factorial(digit);
num /= 10;
}

if (sum == originalNum) {
System.out.println(originalNum + " is a strong number.");
} else {
System.out.println(originalNum + " is not a strong number.");
}
}

public static int factorial(int n) {

int fact = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
fact *= i;
}
return fact;

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}
}

41. Print Floyd's Triangle

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FloydsTriangle {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of rows: ");
int rows = scanner.nextInt();

int num = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= rows; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
num++;
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

42. Generate Pascal's Triangle

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

int sqrt = (int) Math.sqrt(num);

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if (sqrt * sqrt == num) {
System.out.println(num + " is a perfect square.");
} else {
System.out.println(num + " is not a perfect square.");
}
}
}

46. Calculate the Factorial of a Number Using Recursion

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FactorialRecursion {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

System.out.println("Factorial of " + num + " is: " + factorial(num));

}

public static int factorial(int n) {

if (n == 0) return 1;
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}
}

47. Check if a Number Is a Palindrome

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PalindromeNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

int originalNum = num;

int reversed = 0;

while (num > 0) {

int digit = num % 10;
reversed = reversed * 10 + digit;
num /= 10;
}

if (originalNum == reversed) {
System.out.println(originalNum + " is a palindrome.");
} else {
System.out.println(originalNum + " is not a palindrome.");
}

if (exp == 0) return 1;
return base * power(base, exp - 1);
}
}

51. Check if Two Strings Are Anagrams

java

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class AnagramCheck {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the first string: ");
String str1 = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter the second string: ");
String str2 = scanner.nextLine();

if (areAnagrams(str1, str2)) {
System.out.println("The strings are anagrams.");
} else {
System.out.println("The strings are not anagrams.");
}
}

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public static boolean areAnagrams(String str1, String str2) {
char[] arr1 = str1.replaceAll("\\s", "").toLowerCase().toCharArray();
char[] arr2 = str2.replaceAll("\\s", "").toLowerCase().toCharArray();
Arrays.sort(arr1);
Arrays.sort(arr2);
return Arrays.equals(arr1, arr2);
}
}

52. Count Words in a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class WordCount {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String str = scanner.nextLine();

String[] words = str.trim().split("\\s+");

System.out.println("Number of words: " + words.length);
}
}

53. Reverse Each Word in a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReverseWords {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String str = scanner.nextLine();

String[] words = str.split(" ");

StringBuilder reversedString = new StringBuilder();

for (String word : words) {

StringBuilder reversedWord = new StringBuilder(word);
reversedString.append(reversedWord.reverse()).append(" ");
}

System.out.println("Reversed words: " + reversedString.toString().trim());

}
}

54. Check if a String Is a Palindrome

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PalindromeString {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String str = scanner.nextLine();

String reversed = new StringBuilder(str).reverse().toString();

if (str.equalsIgnoreCase(reversed)) {
System.out.println("The string is a palindrome.");
} else {
System.out.println("The string is not a palindrome.");
}
}
}

55. Find the GCD of Two Numbers

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class GCD {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the first number: ");
int num1 = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter the second number: ");
int num2 = scanner.nextInt();

System.out.println("GCD of " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is: " + gcd(num1, num
2));
}

public static int gcd(int a, int b) {

if (b == 0) return a;
return gcd(b, a % b);
}
}

56. Find the LCM of Two Numbers

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class LCM {

import java.util.Scanner;

public class HexadecimalToDecimal {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a hexadecimal number: ");
String hex = scanner.nextLine();

int decimal = Integer.parseInt(hex, 16);

System.out.println("Decimal representation: " + decimal);
}
}

63. Print Fibonacci Series Using Recursion

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FibonacciRecursion {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of terms: ");
int terms = scanner.nextInt();

System.out.println("Fibonacci series:");
for (int i = 0; i < terms; i++) {
System.out.print(fibonacci(i) + " ");
}
}

public static int fibonacci(int n) {

if (n <= 1) return n;
return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
}
}

64. Calculate Sum of Natural Numbers Using Recursion

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SumOfNaturalNumbers {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

int sum = sumOfNaturalNumbers(num);

System.out.println("Sum of first " + num + " natural numbers is: " + sum);
}

public static int sumOfNaturalNumbers(int n) {

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if (n == 1) return 1;
return n + sumOfNaturalNumbers(n - 1);
}
}

65. Calculate Factorial Using Iterative Method

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FactorialIterative {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

int factorial = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
factorial *= i;
}

System.out.println("Factorial of " + num + " is: " + factorial);

}
}

66. Reverse an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReverseArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.println("Reversed array:");
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
}
}

67. Sort an Array Using Bubble Sort

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BubbleSort {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
arr[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}

System.out.println("Sorted array:");
for (int num : arr) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
}
}

Let me know if you'd like me to continue with more programs!

Here’s the next set of Java programs:

68. Check if an Array is Sorted

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArraySortedCheck {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

boolean isSorted = true;

for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
if (arr[i] > arr[i + 1]) {

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isSorted = false;
break;
}
}

if (isSorted) {
System.out.println("The array is sorted.");
} else {
System.out.println("The array is not sorted.");
}
}
}

69. Find the Second Largest Element in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondLargestElement {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

int largest = Integer.MIN_VALUE, secondLargest = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

for (int num : arr) {

if (num > largest) {
secondLargest = largest;
largest = num;
} else if (num > secondLargest && num != largest) {
secondLargest = num;
}
}

if (secondLargest == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
System.out.println("No second largest element found.");
} else {
System.out.println("The second largest element is: " + secondLargest);
}
}
}

70. Find the Maximum Sum of Subarray Using Kadane’s Algorithm

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class MaximumSubarraySum {

public static void main(String[] args) {

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Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

int maxSoFar = arr[0], maxEndingHere = arr[0];

for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {

maxEndingHere = Math.max(arr[i], maxEndingHere + arr[i]);
maxSoFar = Math.max(maxSoFar, maxEndingHere);
}

System.out.println("Maximum sum of subarray: " + maxSoFar);

}
}

71. Merge Two Sorted Arrays

java

import java.util.Arrays;

public class MergeSortedArrays {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr1 = {1, 3, 5, 7};
int[] arr2 = {2, 4, 6, 8};
int[] mergedArray = new int[arr1.length + arr2.length];

int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;
while (i < arr1.length && j < arr2.length) {
if (arr1[i] < arr2[j]) {
mergedArray[k++] = arr1[i++];
} else {
mergedArray[k++] = arr2[j++];
}
}

while (i < arr1.length) {

mergedArray[k++] = arr1[i++];
}

while (j < arr2.length) {

mergedArray[k++] = arr2[j++];
}

System.out.println("Merged array: " + Arrays.toString(mergedArray));

}
}

72. Rotate an Array to the Right by k Steps

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java

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class RotateArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.print("Enter the number of steps to rotate: ");

int k = scanner.nextInt();
k = k % n;

rotate(arr, k);
System.out.println("Array after rotation: " + Arrays.toString(arr));
}

public static void rotate(int[] arr, int k) {

reverse(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
reverse(arr, 0, k - 1);
reverse(arr, k, arr.length - 1);
}

public static void reverse(int[] arr, int start, int end) {

while (start < end) {
int temp = arr[start];
arr[start] = arr[end];
arr[end] = temp;
start++;
end--;
}
}
}

73. Count the Frequency of Elements in an Array

java

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class FrequencyCount {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

HashMap<Integer, Integer> frequencyMap = new HashMap<>();

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for (int num : arr) {
frequencyMap.put(num, frequencyMap.getOrDefault(num, 0) + 1);
}

System.out.println("Element frequencies:");
for (int key : frequencyMap.keySet()) {
System.out.println(key + ": " + frequencyMap.get(key));
}
}
}

74. Find the First Repeating Element in an Array

java

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class FirstRepeatingElement {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

HashSet<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();

int repeating = -1;

for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {

if (set.contains(arr[i])) {
repeating = arr[i];
} else {
set.add(arr[i]);
}
}

if (repeating != -1) {
System.out.println("First repeating element: " + repeating);
} else {
System.out.println("No repeating elements found.");
}
}
}

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Here’s the next set of Java programs:

75. Find the Union of Two Arrays

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java

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Set;

public class UnionOfArrays {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the first array: ");
int n1 = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr1 = new int[n1];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the first array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
arr1[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.print("Enter the size of the second array: ");

int n2 = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr2 = new int[n2];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the second array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n2; i++) {
arr2[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

Set<Integer> unionSet = new HashSet<>();

for (int num : arr1) {
unionSet.add(num);
}

for (int num : arr2) {

unionSet.add(num);
}

System.out.println("Union of the two arrays: " + unionSet);

}
}

76. Find the Intersection of Two Arrays

java

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Set;

public class IntersectionOfArrays {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the first array: ");
int n1 = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr1 = new int[n1];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the first array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
arr1[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.print("Enter the size of the second array: ");

int n2 = scanner.nextInt();

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int[] arr2 = new int[n2];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the second array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n2; i++) {
arr2[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

Set<Integer> intersectionSet = new HashSet<>();

Set<Integer> arr1Set = new HashSet<>();

for (int num : arr1) {

arr1Set.add(num);
}

for (int num : arr2) {

if (arr1Set.contains(num)) {
intersectionSet.add(num);
}
}

System.out.println("Intersection of the two arrays: " + intersectionSet);

}
}

77. Remove Duplicates from an Array

java

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Set;

public class RemoveDuplicates {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

Set<Integer> uniqueSet = new HashSet<>();

for (int num : arr) {
uniqueSet.add(num);
}

System.out.println("Array without duplicates: " + uniqueSet);

}
}

78. Check if a String is a Palindrome

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PalindromeString {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String str = scanner.nextLine();

String reversedStr = new StringBuilder(str).reverse().toString();

if (str.equals(reversedStr)) {
System.out.println("The string is a palindrome.");
} else {
System.out.println("The string is not a palindrome.");
}
}
}

79. Reverse a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReverseString {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String str = scanner.nextLine();

String reversedStr = new StringBuilder(str).reverse().toString();

System.out.println("Reversed string: " + reversedStr);
}
}

80. Count the Number of Vowels and Consonants in a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class VowelConsonantCount {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String str = scanner.nextLine();

int vowels = 0, consonants = 0;

for (char ch : str.toLowerCase().toCharArray()) {
if (Character.isLetter(ch)) {
if ("aeiou".indexOf(ch) != -1) {
vowels++;
} else {
consonants++;

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}
}
}

System.out.println("Number of vowels: " + vowels);

System.out.println("Number of consonants: " + consonants);
}
}

81. Check if a Number is Prime

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PrimeNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

boolean isPrime = num > 1;

for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}

if (isPrime) {
System.out.println(num + " is a prime number.");
} else {
System.out.println(num + " is not a prime number.");
}
}
}

82. Check if a Number is Armstrong

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArmstrongNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

int originalNum = num, sum = 0, digits = String.valueOf(num).length();

while (num != 0) {
int digit = num % 10;
sum += Math.pow(digit, digits);
num /= 10;
}

if (sum == originalNum) {

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System.out.println(originalNum + " is an Armstrong number.");
} else {
System.out.println(originalNum + " is not an Armstrong number.");
}
}
}

83. Print the Prime Numbers Between Two Numbers

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PrimeNumbersInRange {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the start number: ");
int start = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter the end number: ");
int end = scanner.nextInt();

System.out.println("Prime numbers between " + start + " and " + end + ":");
for (int num = start; num <= end; num++) {
if (num > 1) {
boolean isPrime = true;
for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
if (isPrime) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
}
}
}
}

Let me know if you'd like to continue with more programs!

Here’s the continuation to complete up to 100 Java programs:

84. Generate Fibonacci Sequence

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FibonacciSequence {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of terms: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
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int first = 0, second = 1;
System.out.print("Fibonacci sequence: " + first + " " + second + " ");

for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) {

int next = first + second;
System.out.print(next + " ");
first = second;
second = next;
}
}
}

85. Calculate Factorial of a Number

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Factorial {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

long factorial = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
factorial *= i;
}

System.out.println("Factorial of " + num + " is: " + factorial);

}
}

86. Check if a Number is Even or Odd

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class EvenOdd {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BinaryToDecimal {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a binary number: ");
String binary = scanner.nextLine();

int decimal = Integer.parseInt(binary, 2);

System.out.println("Decimal representation: " + decimal);
}
}

91. Calculate Power of a Number

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PowerOfNumber {

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
System.out.print("* ");
}
System.out.println();

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}
}
}

95. Count the Number of Uppercase and Lowercase Characters

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class UpperLowerCount {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String str = scanner.nextLine();

int upperCount = 0, lowerCount = 0;

for (char ch : str.toCharArray()) {

if (Character.isUpperCase(ch)) {
upperCount++;
} else if (Character.isLowerCase(ch)) {
lowerCount++;
}
}

System.out.println("Uppercase letters: " + upperCount);

System.out.println("Lowercase letters: " + lowerCount);
}
}

96. Find the Length of a String Without Using length() Method

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringLength {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String str = scanner.nextLine();

int length = 0;
for (char ch : str.toCharArray()) {
length++;
}

System.out.println("Length of the string: " + length);

}
}

97. Swap Two Numbers Without Using a Temporary Variable

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SwapNumbers {

num1 = num1 + num2;

num2 = num1 - num2;
num1 = num1 - num2;

System.out.println("After swapping: num1 = " + num1 + ", num2 = " + num2);

}
}

98. Find GCD (Greatest Common Divisor) of Two Numbers

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class GCD {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the first number: ");
int a = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter the second number: ");
int b = scanner.nextInt();

while (b != 0) {
int temp = b;
b = a % b;
a = temp;
}

System.out.println("GCD is: " + a);

}
}

99. Find LCM (Least Common Multiple) of Two Numbers

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class LCM {

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int b = scanner.nextInt();

int gcd = gcd(a, b);

int lcm = (a * b) / gcd;

System.out.println("LCM is: " + lcm);

}

public static int gcd(int a, int b) {

while (b != 0) {
int temp = b;
b = a % b;
a = temp;
}
return a;
}
}

100. Check if a String is a Substring of Another String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SubstringCheck {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the main string: ");
String mainStr = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter the substring: ");
String subStr = scanner.nextLine();

if (mainStr.contains(subStr)) {
System.out.println(subStr + " is a substring of " + mainStr);
} else {
System.out.println(subStr + " is not a substring of " + mainStr);
}
}
}

This completes the list of 100 Java programs from basic to intermediate level! Let me know if you'd
like any further assistance or more examples!

Here are the next 25 different types of Java programs for you:

101. Check if a Number is Prime

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PrimeNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {

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Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

boolean isPrime = true;

for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}

if (isPrime && num > 1) {

System.out.println(num + " is a prime number.");
} else {
System.out.println(num + " is not a prime number.");
}
}
}

102. Find the Largest of Three Numbers

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class LargestNumber {

int largest = (num1 > num2) ? (num1 > num3 ? num1 : num3) : (num2 > num3 ? num2
: num3);
System.out.println("The largest number is: " + largest);
}
}

103. Print the Prime Numbers Up to N

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PrimeNumbersUpToN {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();

System.out.println("Prime numbers up to " + n + ":");

for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
boolean isPrime = true;
for (int j = 2; j <= Math.sqrt(i); j++) {

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if (i % j == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
if (isPrime) {
System.out.print(i + " ");
}
}
}
}

104. Calculate Simple Interest

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SimpleInterest {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter principal amount: ");
double principal = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter rate of interest: ");
double rate = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter time in years: ");
double time = scanner.nextDouble();

double interest = (principal * rate * time) / 100;

System.out.println("Simple Interest is: " + interest);
}
}

105. Calculate Compound Interest

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class CompoundInterest {

111. Sum of First N Natural Numbers Using Recursion

java

public class SumNaturalNumbers {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 5;
System.out.println("Sum of first " + n + " natural numbers: " + sum(n));
}

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public static int sum(int n) {
if (n == 0) {
return 0;
}
return n + sum(n - 1);
}
}

112. Reverse a String Using Recursion

java

public class ReverseStringRecursive {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Hello";
System.out.println("Reversed String: " + reverse(str));
}

public static String reverse(String str) {

if (str.isEmpty()) {
return str;
}
return reverse(str.substring(1)) + str.charAt(0);
}
}

113. Merge Two Arrays

java

public class MergeArrays {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr1 = {1, 2, 3};
int[] arr2 = {4, 5, 6};

int[] mergedArr = new int[arr1.length + arr2.length];

System.arraycopy(arr1, 0, mergedArr, 0, arr1.length);

System.arraycopy(arr2, 0, mergedArr, arr1.length, arr2.length);

System.out.println("Merged Array: ");

for (int i : mergedArr) {
System.out.print(i + " ");
}
}
}

114. Sort an Array Using Bubble Sort

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java

import java.util.Arrays;

public class BubbleSort {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90};

for (int i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < arr.length - i - 1; j++) {
if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
// Swap
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
arr[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}

System.out.println("Sorted Array: " + Arrays.toString(arr));

}
}

115. Sort an Array Using Selection Sort

java

import java.util.Arrays;

public class SelectionSort {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {64, 25, 12, 22, 11};

for (int i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) {

int minIndex = i;
for (int j = i + 1; j < arr.length; j++) {
if (arr[j] < arr[minIndex]) {
minIndex = j;
}
}
// Swap
int temp = arr[minIndex];
arr[minIndex] = arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
}

System.out.println("Sorted Array: " + Arrays.toString(arr));

}
}

116. Sort an Array Using Insertion Sort

java

import java.util.Arrays;

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public class InsertionSort {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {12, 11, 13, 5, 6};

for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {

int key = arr[i];
int j = i - 1;

while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key) {

arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
j = j - 1;
}
arr[j + 1] = key;
}

System.out.println("Sorted Array: " + Arrays.toString(arr));

}
}

117. Linear Search

java

public class LinearSearch {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {12, 34, 45, 23, 56};
int target = 23;
boolean found = false;

for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {

if (arr[i] == target) {
found = true;
break;
}
}

if (found) {
System.out.println("Element found");
} else {
System.out.println("Element not found");
}
}
}

118. Binary Search

java

public class BinarySearch {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
int target = 30;

int result = binarySearch(arr, target);

if (result == -1) {
System.out.println("Element not found");
} else {

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System.out.println("Element found at index: " + result);
}
}

public static int binarySearch(int[] arr, int target) {

int left = 0, right = arr.length - 1;

while (left <= right) {

int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;

if (arr[mid] == target) {
return mid;
}
if (arr[mid] < target) {
left = mid + 1;
} else {
right = mid - 1;
}
}

return -1;
}
}

119. Check if a Number is Armstrong

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArmstrongNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
int originalNum = num;
int sum = 0;
int digits = (int) Math.log10(num) + 1;

while (num > 0) {

int digit = num % 10;
sum += Math.pow(digit, digits);
num /= 10;
}

if (sum == originalNum) {
System.out.println(originalNum + " is an Armstrong number.");
} else {
System.out.println(originalNum + " is not an Armstrong number.");
}
}
}

120. Count Vowels and Consonants in a String

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class VowelsConsonantsCount {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String str = scanner.nextLine();

int vowels = 0, consonants = 0;

for (char ch : str.toLowerCase().toCharArray()) {
if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') {
if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u') {
vowels++;
} else {
consonants++;
}
}
}

System.out.println("Vowels: " + vowels);

System.out.println("Consonants: " + consonants);
}
}

This completes the next set of 25 Java programs! Let me know if you'd like more or if you need
further assistance!

Here are Java programs focused on control statements (if-else, switch, loops):

121. Check Even or Odd Using If-Else

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class EvenOdd {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();

if (num % 2 == 0) {
System.out.println(num + " is even.");
} else {
System.out.println(num + " is odd.");
}
}
}

122. Find the Maximum of Three Numbers Using If-Else

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java

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number between 1 and 7: ");
int day = scanner.nextInt();

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switch (day) {
case 1: System.out.println("Monday"); break;
case 2: System.out.println("Tuesday"); break;
case 3: System.out.println("Wednesday"); break;
case 4: System.out.println("Thursday"); break;
case 5: System.out.println("Friday"); break;
case 6: System.out.println("Saturday"); break;
case 7: System.out.println("Sunday"); break;
default: System.out.println("Invalid input.");
}
}
}

125. Switch Case Example (Grades)

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class GradeEvaluation {

129. Sum of Natural Numbers Using For Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SumNaturalNumbersFor {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");

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int num = scanner.nextInt();
int sum = 0;

for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {

sum += i;
}

System.out.println("Sum of first " + num + " natural numbers is: " + sum);
}
}

130. Sum of Digits Using While Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SumDigitsWhile {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
int sum = 0;

while (num > 0) {

sum += num % 10;
num /= 10;
}

System.out.println("Sum of digits is: " + sum);

}
}

131. Reverse a Number Using While Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReverseNumberWhile {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
int reverse = 0;

while (num != 0) {
reverse = reverse * 10 + num % 10;
num /= 10;
}

System.out.println("Reversed number is: " + reverse);

}
}

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132. Reverse a Number Using For Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReverseNumberFor {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
int reverse = 0;

for (; num != 0; num /= 10) {

reverse = reverse * 10 + num % 10;
}

System.out.println("Reversed number is: " + reverse);

}
}

133. Print Fibonacci Series Using While Loop

do {
System.out.println(num + " * " + i + " = " + (num * i));
i++;
} while (i <= 10);
}
}

138. Count Down from 10 Using While Loop

java

public class Countdown {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int num = 10;
while (num > 0) {
System.out.println(num);
num--;
}
}
}

139. Check if a Number is Prime Using For Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PrimeNumberFor {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
boolean isPrime = true;

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for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}

if (isPrime && num > 1) {

System.out.println(num + " is prime.");
} else {
System.out.println(num + " is not prime.");
}
}
}

These are the next set of Java programs related to control statements. Let me know if you'd like
more!

Here are more Java programs using control statements:

140. Sum of Prime Numbers up to N

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SumOfPrimes {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int limit = scanner.nextInt();
int sum = 0;

for (int num = 2; num <= limit; num++) {

boolean isPrime = true;
for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
if (isPrime) {
sum += num;
}
}

System.out.println("Sum of prime numbers up to " + limit + " is: " + sum);

}
}

141. Count Digits in a Number Using While Loop

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class CountDigits {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
int count = 0;

while (num != 0) {
num /= 10;
count++;
}

System.out.println("Number of digits is: " + count);

}
}

142. Check for Armstrong Number

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArmstrongNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
int originalNum = num;
int sum = 0;

while (num != 0) {
int digit = num % 10;
sum += digit * digit * digit;
num /= 10;
}

if (sum == originalNum) {
System.out.println(originalNum + " is an Armstrong number.");
} else {
System.out.println(originalNum + " is not an Armstrong number.");
}
}
}

143. Palindrome Number Using While Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PalindromeNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {

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Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
int originalNum = num;
int reverse = 0;

while (num != 0) {
reverse = reverse * 10 + num % 10;
num /= 10;
}

if (originalNum == reverse) {
System.out.println(originalNum + " is a palindrome.");
} else {
System.out.println(originalNum + " is not a palindrome.");
}
}
}

144. Sum of Elements in an Array Using For Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArraySum {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
int sum = 0;

System.out.println("Enter the elements: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
sum += arr[i];
}

System.out.println("Sum of array elements: " + sum);

}
}

145. Find Maximum Element in an Array Using For Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArrayMax {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

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arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

int max = arr[0];

for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] > max) {
max = arr[i];
}
}

System.out.println("Maximum element is: " + max);

}
}

146. Reverse an Array Using For Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReverseArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.println("Reversed array: ");

for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
}
}

147. Count Occurrences of an Element in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class CountOccurrences {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter the elements: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.print("Enter the element to count: ");

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int element = scanner.nextInt();
int count = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if (arr[i] == element) {
count++;
}
}

System.out.println("Occurrences of " + element + " are: " + count);

}
}

148. Print Prime Numbers Up to N Using For Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PrintPrimes {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int limit = scanner.nextInt();

System.out.println("Prime numbers up to " + limit + ":");

for (int num = 2; num <= limit; num++) {
boolean isPrime = true;
for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
if (isPrime) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
}
}
}

149. Print Triangle Pattern Using For Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class TrianglePattern {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number of rows: ");
int rows = scanner.nextInt();

for (int i = 1; i <= rows; i++) {

for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.print("* ");
}
System.out.println();

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}
}
}

150. Print Inverted Triangle Pattern Using For Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class InvertedTrianglePattern {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number of rows: ");
int rows = scanner.nextInt();

for (int i = rows; i >= 1; i--) {

for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.print("* ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

These programs cover a variety of control statements such as loops, if-else, and switch-case. Let me
know if you'd like additional programs!

Here are Java programs focused on loops:

151. Print Numbers from 1 to N Using While Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class NumbersUsingWhile {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
System.out.println(num + " x " + i + " = " + (num * i));
}

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}
}

155. Find Factorial of a Number Using For Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FactorialUsingFor {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
int factorial = 1;

for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {

factorial *= i;
}

System.out.println("Factorial of " + num + " is: " + factorial);

}
}

156. Sum of First N Natural Numbers Using While Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SumNaturalNumbers {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int sum = 0;

int i = 1;
while (i <= n) {
sum += i;
i++;
}

System.out.println("Sum of first " + n + " natural numbers is: " + sum);

}
}

157. Sum of Odd Numbers from 1 to N Using For Loop

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SumOddNumbers {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int sum = 0;

for (int i = 1; i <= n; i += 2) {

sum += i;
}

System.out.println("Sum of odd numbers from 1 to " + n + " is: " + sum);

}
}

158. Sum of Even Numbers from 1 to N Using For Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SumEvenNumbers {

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StarPyramid {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number of rows: ");
int rows = scanner.nextInt();

for (int i = 1; i <= rows; i++) {

for (int j = rows; j > i; j--) {
System.out.print(" ");
}
for (int j = 1; j <= (2 * i - 1); j++) {

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System.out.print("*");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

165. Print Hollow Square Star Pattern

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class HollowSquare {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the size of the square: ");
int size = scanner.nextInt();

for (int i = 1; i <= size; i++) {

for (int j = 1; j <= size; j++) {
if (i == 1 || i == size || j == 1 || j == size) {
System.out.print("* ");
} else {
System.out.print(" ");
}
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

These programs cover various loop operations, including `for`, `while`, and `do-while` loops. Let
me know if you'd like more!

Here are more Java programs focused on loops:

166. Print Floyd's Triangle

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FloydsTriangle {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of rows: ");
int rows = scanner.nextInt();
int number = 1;

for (int i = 1; i <= rows; i++) {

for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.print(number + " ");

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number++;
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

167. Print Diamond Star Pattern

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class DiamondPattern {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number of rows: ");
int rows = scanner.nextInt();

// Upper half of the diamond

for (int i = 1; i <= rows; i++) {
for (int j = rows; j > i; j--) {
System.out.print(" ");
}
for (int j = 1; j <= (2 * i - 1); j++) {
System.out.print("*");
}
System.out.println();
}

// Lower half of the diamond

for (int i = rows - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
for (int j = rows; j > i; j--) {
System.out.print(" ");
}
for (int j = 1; j <= (2 * i - 1); j++) {
System.out.print("*");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

168. Find GCD of Two Numbers Using For Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class GCD {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter two numbers: ");
int num1 = scanner.nextInt();
int num2 = scanner.nextInt();
int gcd = 1;

for (int i = 1; i <= num1 && i <= num2; i++) {

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if (num1 % i == 0 && num2 % i == 0) {
gcd = i;
}
}

System.out.println("GCD of " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is: " + gcd);
}
}

169. Find LCM of Two Numbers Using For Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class LCM {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter two numbers: ");
int num1 = scanner.nextInt();
int num2 = scanner.nextInt();
int lcm = 1;

for (int i = 1; i <= num1 * num2; i++) {

if (i % num1 == 0 && i % num2 == 0) {
lcm = i;
break;
}
}

System.out.println("LCM of " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is: " + lcm);
}
}

170. Print Multiplication of Two Matrices

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class MatrixMultiplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number of rows and columns for Matrix A: ");
int rows1 = scanner.nextInt();
int cols1 = scanner.nextInt();

System.out.print("Enter number of rows and columns for Matrix B: ");

int rows2 = scanner.nextInt();
int cols2 = scanner.nextInt();

if (cols1 != rows2) {
System.out.println("Matrix multiplication is not possible.");
return;
}

int[][] matrixA = new int[rows1][cols1];

int[][] matrixB = new int[rows2][cols2];

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int[][] result = new int[rows1][cols2];

System.out.println("Enter elements of Matrix A:");

for (int i = 0; i < rows1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols1; j++) {
matrixA[i][j] = scanner.nextInt();
}
}

System.out.println("Enter elements of Matrix B:");

for (int i = 0; i < rows2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols2; j++) {
matrixB[i][j] = scanner.nextInt();
}
}

// Multiplying matrices
for (int i = 0; i < rows1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols2; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < cols1; k++) {
result[i][j] += matrixA[i][k] * matrixB[k][j];
}
}
}

// Printing result matrix

System.out.println("Result of Matrix Multiplication:");
for (int i = 0; i < rows1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols2; j++) {
System.out.print(result[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

171. Check for Prime Number Using While Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PrimeCheckUsingWhile {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
boolean isPrime = true;
int i = 2;

while (i <= Math.sqrt(num)) {

if (num % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
i++;
}

if (isPrime) {
System.out.println(num + " is a prime number.");
} else {
System.out.println(num + " is not a prime number.");
}

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}
}

172. Print Pascal's Triangle

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PascalsTriangle {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of rows: ");
int rows = scanner.nextInt();

for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {

int num = 1;
for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
num = num * (i - j) / (j + 1);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

173. Print Half Pyramid Star Pattern

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class HalfPyramidPattern {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number of rows: ");
int rows = scanner.nextInt();

for (int i = 1; i <= rows; i++) {

for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.print("* ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

174. Sum of Digits of a Number Using While Loop

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SumOfDigits {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = scanner.nextInt();
int sum = 0;

while (num != 0) {
sum += num % 10;
num /= 10;
}

System.out.println("Sum of digits: " + sum);

}
}

175. Reverse a String Using For Loop

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReverseString {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String str = scanner.nextLine();
String reversed = "";

for (int i = str.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {

reversed += str.charAt(i);
}

System.out.println("Reversed string: " + reversed);

}
}

These programs continue with more advanced usage of loops, including complex patterns and
operations like matrix multiplication, Pascal's triangle, and prime checking. Let me know if you'd like
more!

Here are Java programs focused on arrays:

176. Find the Largest Element in an Array

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class LargestElement {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

int largest = arr[0];

for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] > largest) {
largest = arr[i];
}
}

System.out.println("Largest element: " + largest);

}
}

177. Find the Smallest Element in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SmallestElement {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

int smallest = arr[0];

for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] < smallest) {
smallest = arr[i];
}
}

System.out.println("Smallest element: " + smallest);

}
}

178. Reverse an Array

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReverseArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.println("Reversed array:");
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
}
}

179. Sum of Elements in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SumOfArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
int sum = 0;

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
sum += arr[i];
}

System.out.println("Sum of elements: " + sum);

}
}

180. Average of Elements in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AverageOfArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

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System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
int sum = 0;

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
sum += arr[i];
}

double average = (double) sum / n;

System.out.println("Average of elements: " + average);
}
}

181. Count Even and Odd Numbers in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class EvenOddCount {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
int evenCount = 0, oddCount = 0;

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
if (arr[i] % 2 == 0) {
evenCount++;
} else {
oddCount++;
}
}

System.out.println("Even numbers count: " + evenCount);

System.out.println("Odd numbers count: " + oddCount);
}
}

182. Find the Second Largest Element in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondLargestElement {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

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System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

int largest = arr[0];

int secondLargest = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {

if (arr[i] > largest) {
secondLargest = largest;
largest = arr[i];
} else if (arr[i] > secondLargest && arr[i] != largest) {
secondLargest = arr[i];
}
}

System.out.println("Second largest element: " + secondLargest);

}
}

183. Merge Two Arrays

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class MergeArrays {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter number of elements in array 1: ");

int n1 = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr1 = new int[n1];
System.out.println("Enter elements of array 1:");
for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
arr1[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.print("Enter number of elements in array 2: ");

int n2 = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr2 = new int[n2];
System.out.println("Enter elements of array 2:");
for (int i = 0; i < n2; i++) {
arr2[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

int[] mergedArray = new int[n1 + n2];

for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
mergedArray[i] = arr1[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < n2; i++) {
mergedArray[n1 + i] = arr2[i];
}

System.out.println("Merged array:");
for (int i = 0; i < mergedArray.length; i++) {
System.out.print(mergedArray[i] + " ");
}
}
}

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184. Sort an Array in Ascending Order

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SortArrayAscending {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {

for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
if (arr[i] > arr[j]) {
int temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
}
}
}

System.out.println("Sorted array in ascending order:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
}
}

185. Check if an Array is Sorted

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class CheckArraySorted {

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {

if (arr[i] < arr[i - 1]) {
isSorted = false;
break;
}
}

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if (isSorted) {
System.out.println("Array is sorted.");
} else {
System.out.println("Array is not sorted.");
}
}
}

These programs cover various basic to intermediate concepts involving arrays. If you'd like to
explore more, feel free to ask!

Here are more Java programs focusing on arrays:

186. Find the Frequency of Each Element in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class FrequencyOfElements {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

HashMap<Integer, Integer> frequency = new HashMap<>();

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
frequency.put(arr[i], frequency.getOrDefault(arr[i], 0) + 1);
}

System.out.println("Element frequencies:");
for (int key : frequency.keySet()) {
System.out.println(key + ": " + frequency.get(key));
}
}
}

187. Rotate an Array by n Positions

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class RotateArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

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System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.print("Enter number of positions to rotate: ");

int k = scanner.nextInt();
k = k % n; // To handle if k > n

System.out.println("Array after rotating " + k + " positions:");

for (int i = k; i < n; i++) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
}
}

188. Remove Duplicates from an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.HashSet;

public class RemoveDuplicates {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

HashSet<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();

System.out.println("Array after removing duplicates:");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (!set.contains(arr[i])) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
set.add(arr[i]);
}
}
}
}

189. Find the Missing Number in an Array

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class MissingNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of elements (n-1): ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
int totalSum = n * (n + 1) / 2; // Sum of numbers from 1 to n

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
sum += arr[i];
}

int missingNumber = totalSum - sum;

System.out.println("Missing number: " + missingNumber);
}
}

190. Find the Intersection of Two Arrays

java

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.HashSet;

public class ArrayIntersection {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the number of elements in array 1: ");

int n1 = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr1 = new int[n1];

System.out.println("Enter elements of array 1:");

for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
arr1[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.print("Enter the number of elements in array 2: ");

int n2 = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr2 = new int[n2];

System.out.println("Enter elements of array 2:");

for (int i = 0; i < n2; i++) {
arr2[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

HashSet<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();

System.out.println("Intersection of two arrays:");
for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
set.add(arr1[i]);
}

for (int i = 0; i < n2; i++) {

if (set.contains(arr2[i])) {
System.out.print(arr2[i] + " ");

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set.remove(arr2[i]); // To avoid duplicates
}
}
}
}

191. Find the Union of Two Arrays

java

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.HashSet;

public class ArrayUnion {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the number of elements in array 1: ");

int n1 = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr1 = new int[n1];

System.out.println("Enter elements of array 1:");

for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
arr1[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.print("Enter the number of elements in array 2: ");

int n2 = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr2 = new int[n2];

System.out.println("Enter elements of array 2:");

for (int i = 0; i < n2; i++) {
arr2[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

HashSet<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();

System.out.println("Union of two arrays:");
for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
set.add(arr1[i]);
}

for (int i = 0; i < n2; i++) {

set.add(arr2[i]);
}

for (int element : set) {

System.out.print(element + " ");
}
}
}

192. Find the Kth Largest Element in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Arrays;

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public class KthLargestElement {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");

int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.print("Enter value of k: ");

int k = scanner.nextInt();

Arrays.sort(arr);
System.out.println(k + "th largest element: " + arr[n - k]);
}
}

193. Find the Duplicate Elements in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.HashSet;

public class FindDuplicates {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

HashSet<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();

System.out.println("Duplicate elements in the array:");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (!set.add(arr[i])) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
}
}
}

194. Shift Zeros to End of Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ShiftZerosToEnd {

public static void main(String[] args) {

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Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] != 0) {
arr[count++] = arr[i];
}
}

while (count < n) {

arr[count++] = 0;
}

System.out.println("Array after shifting zeros to end:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
}
}

These programs focus on various aspects of arrays like frequency, rotation, duplicates, and unions.
Let me know if you'd like to continue with more topics or need further assistance!

Here are more Java programs focusing on arrays:

195. Merge Two Sorted Arrays

java

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");

int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

int largest = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

int secondLargest = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if (arr[i] > largest) {
secondLargest = largest;
largest = arr[i];
} else if (arr[i] > secondLargest && arr[i] != largest) {
secondLargest = arr[i];
}
}

System.out.println("Second largest element: " + secondLargest);

}
}

198. Reverse an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReverseArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");

int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.println("Array before reversing:");

for (int element : arr) {
System.out.print(element + " ");
}

int start = 0, end = n - 1;

while (start < end) {

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int temp = arr[start];
arr[start] = arr[end];
arr[end] = temp;
start++;
end--;
}

System.out.println("\nArray after reversing:");

for (int element : arr) {
System.out.print(element + " ");
}
}
}

199. Check if an Array is Palindrome

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PalindromeArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");

int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

int start = 0, end = n - 1;

boolean isPalindrome = true;
while (start < end) {
if (arr[start] != arr[end]) {
isPalindrome = false;
break;
}
start++;
end--;
}

if (isPalindrome) {
System.out.println("The array is a palindrome.");
} else {
System.out.println("The array is not a palindrome.");
}
}
}

200. Count the Occurrences of an Element in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

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public class CountOccurrences {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");

int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

System.out.print("Enter the element to count: ");

int element = scanner.nextInt();

int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] == element) {
count++;
}
}

System.out.println("The element " + element + " appears " + count + " times.");
}
}

These programs cover a wide range of operations on arrays, such as merging arrays, reversing,
checking for palindromes, and counting occurrences. Let me know if you'd like to continue with
more topics or need further assistance!

Here are more Java programs focusing on arrays and other key topics:

201. Sort an Array in Ascending Order

java

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class SortArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");

int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

Arrays.sort(arr);
System.out.println("Sorted array in ascending order:");
for (int element : arr) {
System.out.print(element + " ");
}

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}
}

202. Find the Sum of All Elements in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SumOfArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");

int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

int positiveCount = 0, negativeCount = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if (arr[i] > 0) {
positiveCount++;
} else if (arr[i] < 0) {

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negativeCount++;
}
}

System.out.println("Positive numbers: " + positiveCount);

System.out.println("Negative numbers: " + negativeCount);
}
}

206. Find the Element with Maximum Occurrence in an Array

java

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class MaxOccurrenceElement {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the number of elements: ");

int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];

System.out.println("Enter elements of the array:");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}

HashMap<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();

boolean isSorted = true;

for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
if (arr[i] > arr[i + 1]) {
isSorted = false;
break;
}
}

if (isSorted) {
System.out.println("The array is sorted.");
} else {
System.out.println("The array is not sorted.");
}

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}
}

These programs cover additional array operations like sorting, shifting elements, finding missing
numbers, and checking if an array is sorted. Let me know if you'd like to continue with more
programs or if you need assistance on other topics!

Here are Java programs focusing on String operations:

211. Reverse a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReverseString {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

String reversed = new StringBuilder(input).reverse().toString();

System.out.println("Reversed string: " + reversed);

}
}

212. Check if a String is Palindrome

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PalindromeString {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

String reversed = new StringBuilder(input).reverse().toString();

if (input.equals(reversed)) {
System.out.println("The string is a palindrome.");
} else {
System.out.println("The string is not a palindrome.");
}
}
}

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213. Count the Number of Vowels in a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class CountVowels {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
char ch = input.charAt(i);
if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u' ||
ch == 'A' || ch == 'E' || ch == 'I' || ch == 'O' || ch == 'U') {
count++;
}
}

System.out.println("Number of vowels: " + count);

}
}

214. Remove All White Spaces from a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class RemoveWhitespace {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

String result = input.replaceAll("\\s", "");

System.out.println("String without whitespaces: " + result);

}
}

215. Count the Number of Words in a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class CountWords {

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public class AnagramStrings {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter first string: ");

String str1 = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter second string: ");

String str2 = scanner.nextLine();

str1 = str1.replaceAll("\\s", "").toLowerCase();

str2 = str2.replaceAll("\\s", "").toLowerCase();

char[] str1Arr = str1.toCharArray();

char[] str2Arr = str2.toCharArray();

java.util.Arrays.sort(str1Arr);
java.util.Arrays.sort(str2Arr);

if (java.util.Arrays.equals(str1Arr, str2Arr)) {
System.out.println("The strings are anagrams.");
} else {
System.out.println("The strings are not anagrams.");
}
}
}

219. Find the First Non-Repeated Character in a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class FirstNonRepeatedCharacter {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

HashMap<Character, Integer> charCount = new HashMap<>();

for (char ch : input.toCharArray()) {

charCount.put(ch, charCount.getOrDefault(ch, 0) + 1);
}

for (char ch : input.toCharArray()) {

if (charCount.get(ch) == 1) {
System.out.println("First non-repeated character: " + ch);
break;
}
}
}
}

220. Replace All Occurrences of a Character in a String

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReplaceCharacter {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the character to be replaced: ");

char oldChar = scanner.next().charAt(0);

System.out.print("Enter the new character: ");

char newChar = scanner.next().charAt(0);

String result = input.replace(oldChar, newChar);

System.out.println("Modified string: " + result);
}
}

221. Check if a String Contains Another String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringContains {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the main string: ");

String mainString = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the string to search for: ");

String searchString = scanner.nextLine();

if (mainString.contains(searchString)) {
System.out.println("The main string contains the search string.");
} else {
System.out.println("The main string does not contain the search string.");
}
}
}

222. Concatenate Two Strings

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ConcatenateStrings {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

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System.out.print("Enter the first string: ");
String str1 = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the second string: ");

String str2 = scanner.nextLine();

String result = str1.concat(str2);

System.out.println("Concatenated string: " + result);
}
}

223. Count the Number of Occurrences of a Character in a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class CountCharacterOccurrence {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the character to count: ");

char ch = scanner.next().charAt(0);

int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
if (input.charAt(i) == ch) {
count++;
}
}

System.out.println("The character '" + ch + "' appears " + count + " times.");

}
}

These programs focus on string manipulation such as reversing, checking palindromes, finding
occurrences, and converting cases. Let me know if you'd like to continue with more programs or
need help with another topic!

Here are the next set of Java programs focusing on String operations:

224. Find the Length of a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringLength {

public static void main(String[] args) {

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Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

int length = input.length();

System.out.println("Length of the string: " + length);
}
}

225. Extract Substring from a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SubstringExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the starting index: ");

int start = scanner.nextInt();

System.out.print("Enter the ending index: ");

int end = scanner.nextInt();

String substring = input.substring(start, end);

System.out.println("Extracted substring: " + substring);
}
}

226. Check if a String Starts with a Given Prefix

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringStartsWith {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the prefix to check: ");

String prefix = scanner.nextLine();

if (input.startsWith(prefix)) {
System.out.println("The string starts with the given prefix.");
} else {
System.out.println("The string does not start with the given prefix.");
}

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}
}

227. Check if a String Ends with a Given Suffix

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringEndsWith {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the suffix to check: ");

String suffix = scanner.nextLine();

if (input.endsWith(suffix)) {
System.out.println("The string ends with the given suffix.");
} else {
System.out.println("The string does not end with the given suffix.");
}
}
}

228. Replace All Occurrences of a Substring in a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReplaceSubstring {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the substring to replace: ");

String oldSubstring = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the new substring: ");

String newSubstring = scanner.nextLine();

String result = input.replace(oldSubstring, newSubstring);

System.out.println("Modified string: " + result);
}
}

229. Split a String into an Array of Words

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SplitString {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

String[] words = input.split("\\s+");

System.out.println("Array of words:");
for (String word : words) {
System.out.println(word);
}
}
}

230. Join an Array of Strings into a Single String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class JoinStrings {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the number of words: ");

int n = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume the newline character

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the first string: ");

String str1 = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the second string: ");

String str2 = scanner.nextLine();

int comparison = str1.compareTo(str2);

if (comparison == 0) {
System.out.println("The strings are equal.");
} else if (comparison < 0) {
System.out.println("The first string is lexicographically smaller.");
} else {
System.out.println("The first string is lexicographically larger.");
}
}
}

235. Convert String to Integer

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringToInt {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string representing a number: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

try {
int number = Integer.parseInt(input);
System.out.println("Converted number: " + number);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.println("Invalid number format.");
}
}
}

236. Convert Integer to String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class IntToString {

public static void main(String[] args) {

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Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter an integer: ");

int number = scanner.nextInt();

String result = String.valueOf(number);

System.out.println("Converted string: " + result);
}
}

237. Remove a Specific Character from a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class RemoveCharacter {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the character to remove: ");

char ch = scanner.next().charAt(0);

String result = input.replace(Character.toString(ch), "");

System.out.println("String after removal: " + result);
}
}

238. Check if a String Contains Only Digits

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringIsDigit {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

if (input.matches("[0-9]+")) {
System.out.println("The string contains only digits.");
} else {
System.out.println("The string contains non-digit characters.");
}
}
}

239. Find the Index of First Occurrence of a Character in a String

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindFirstOccurrence {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the character to find: ");

char ch = scanner.next().charAt(0);

int index = input.indexOf(ch);

if (index != -1) {
System.out.println("First occurrence of character '" + ch + "' is at index:
" + index);
} else {
System.out.println("Character not found in the string.");
}
}
}

These programs continue to cover a variety of String operations such as converting, comparing,
checking, removing characters, and substring extraction. Let me know if you'd like to proceed
further or need additional explanations!

Here are more Java programs focusing on String manipulation and other concepts:

240. Check if a String is a Palindrome

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Palindrome {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

String reversed = new StringBuilder(input).reverse().toString();

if (input.equals(reversed)) {
System.out.println("The string is a palindrome.");
} else {
System.out.println("The string is not a palindrome.");
}
}
}

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241. Count the Occurrences of a Character in a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class CharacterCount {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the character to count: ");

char ch = scanner.next().charAt(0);

int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
if (input.charAt(i) == ch) {
count++;
}
}

System.out.println("Character '" + ch + "' appears " + count + " times.");

}
}

242. Convert a String to Lowercase

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringToLower {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

String result = input.toLowerCase();

System.out.println("String in lowercase: " + result);
}
}

243. Convert a String to Uppercase

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringToUpper {

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Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

String reversed = "";

for (int i = input.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
reversed += input.charAt(i);
}

System.out.println("Reversed string: " + reversed);

}
}

247. Check if Two Strings are Anagrams

java

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class AnagramCheck {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the first string: ");

String str1 = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the second string: ");

String str2 = scanner.nextLine();

char[] arr1 = str1.toCharArray();

char[] arr2 = str2.toCharArray();

Arrays.sort(arr1);
Arrays.sort(arr2);

if (Arrays.equals(arr1, arr2)) {
System.out.println("The strings are anagrams.");
} else {
System.out.println("The strings are not anagrams.");
}
}
}

248. Remove All White Spaces from a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class RemoveSpaces {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

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String result = input.replaceAll("\\s", "");
System.out.println("String after removing all spaces: " + result);
}
}

249. Compare Two Strings (Case Insensitive)

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class CompareStringsIgnoreCase {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the first string: ");

String str1 = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the second string: ");

String str2 = scanner.nextLine();

if (str1.equalsIgnoreCase(str2)) {
System.out.println("The strings are equal (case insensitive).");
} else {
System.out.println("The strings are not equal.");
}
}
}

250. Find the Index of Last Occurrence of a Character in a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class LastOccurrence {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the character to find: ");

char ch = scanner.next().charAt(0);

int index = input.lastIndexOf(ch);

if (index != -1) {
System.out.println("Last occurrence of character '" + ch + "' is at index: "
+ index);
} else {
System.out.println("Character not found in the string.");
}
}
}

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These programs explore String manipulation topics such as palindrome checking, word counting,
string comparison, removing spaces, reversing strings, and more. Let me know if you'd like more
programs or need explanations on any specific topic!

Here are the next set of Java programs on String Manipulation and related topics:

251. Count Vowels and Consonants in a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class CountVowelsConsonants {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine().toLowerCase();

int vowels = 0, consonants = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {

char ch = input.charAt(i);
if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') {
if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u') {
vowels++;
} else {
consonants++;
}
}
}

System.out.println("Vowels: " + vowels);

System.out.println("Consonants: " + consonants);
}
}

252. Remove Duplicates from a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class RemoveDuplicates {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();

for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
char ch = input.charAt(i);
if (result.toString().indexOf(ch) == -1) {
result.append(ch);

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}
}

System.out.println("String after removing duplicates: " + result);

}
}

253. Convert String to ASCII Values

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringToASCII {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.println("ASCII values:");
for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
System.out.println(input.charAt(i) + ": " + (int) input.charAt(i));
}
}
}

254. Check if a String Contains a Substring

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ContainsSubstring {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the main string: ");

String mainStr = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the substring to check: ");

String subStr = scanner.nextLine();

if (mainStr.contains(subStr)) {
System.out.println("The main string contains the substring.");
} else {
System.out.println("The main string does not contain the substring.");
}
}
}

255. Concatenate Two Strings

}
}

259. Check if a String is a Rotated Version of Another String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringRotation {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter the first string: ");

String str1 = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the second string: ");

String str2 = scanner.nextLine();

if (str1.length() == str2.length() && (str1 + str1).contains(str2)) {

System.out.println("The second string is a rotated version of the first stri
ng.");
} else {

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System.out.println("The second string is not a rotated version of the first
string.");
}
}
}

260. Convert a String to Title Case

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class TitleCase {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

String[] words = input.split(" ");

StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();

for (String word : words) {

result.append(word.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase())
.append(word.substring(1).toLowerCase())
.append(" ");
}

System.out.println("Title case: " + result.toString().trim());

}
}

261. Check if a String is Empty or Null

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class CheckEmptyOrNull {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

if (input == null || input.isEmpty()) {

System.out.println("The string is either empty or null.");
} else {
System.out.println("The string is not empty.");
}
}
}

262. Extract Digits from a String

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java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ExtractDigits {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

String digits = input.replaceAll("[^0-9]", "");

System.out.println("Extracted digits: " + digits);
}
}

263. Remove a Specific Word from a String

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class RemoveWord {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter the word to remove: ");

String wordToRemove = scanner.nextLine();

String result = input.replaceAll("\\b" + wordToRemove + "\\b", "");

System.out.println("String after removing the word: " + result);
}
}

264. Check if String Contains Only Alphabets

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class OnlyAlphabets {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();

if (input.matches("[a-zA-Z]+")) {
System.out.println("The string contains only alphabets.");
} else {
System.out.println("The string contains non-alphabet characters.");
}

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}
}

These additional programs provide more practice with String manipulation, such as handling
spaces, counting vowels and consonants, removing duplicates, and more. If you'd like further
programs or clarifications, feel free to ask!

Here are Java programs focusing on Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts:

265. Implement a Simple Class with Constructor

java

class Person {
String name;
int age;

// Constructor to initialize the object

Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}

// Method to display the values

void display() {
System.out.println("Name: " + name + ", Age: " + age);
}
}

public class ConstructorExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person = new Person("John", 25);
person.display();
}
}

266. Implement Method Overloading

java

class Calculator {
// Method to add two integers
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

// Method to add three integers (method overloading)

int add(int a, int b, int c) {
return a + b + c;
}
}

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public class MethodOverloadingExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Calculator calc = new Calculator();
System.out.println("Sum of two numbers: " + calc.add(10, 20));
System.out.println("Sum of three numbers: " + calc.add(10, 20, 30));
}
}

267. Demonstrate Method Overriding

java

class Animal {
void sound() {
System.out.println("Animal makes a sound");
}
}

class Dog extends Animal {

// Overriding the sound method
@Override
void sound() {
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}
}

public class MethodOverridingExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal animal = new Animal();
animal.sound();

Dog dog = new Dog();

dog.sound();
}
}

268. Example of Inheritance

java

class Vehicle {
void move() {
System.out.println("Vehicle is moving");
}
}

class Car extends Vehicle {

void move() {
System.out.println("Car is moving");
}
}

public class InheritanceExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Vehicle vehicle = new Vehicle();
vehicle.move();

Car car = new Car();

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car.move();
}
}

269. Constructor Chaining in Java

java

class A {
A() {
System.out.println("Class A constructor");
}
}

class B extends A {
B() {
super(); // Calling class A constructor
System.out.println("Class B constructor");
}
}

public class ConstructorChainingExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
B obj = new B(); // This will call constructor of A and then B
}
}

270. Implementing Interfaces

java

interface Animal {
void sound(); // abstract method
}

class Cat implements Animal {

@Override
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Cat meows");
}
}

public class InterfaceExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal animal = new Cat();
animal.sound();
}
}

271. Abstract Class Example

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java

abstract class Shape {

abstract void draw(); // Abstract method

void display() {
System.out.println("Shape displayed");
}
}

class Circle extends Shape {

@Override
void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing Circle");
}
}

public class AbstractClassExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape shape = new Circle();
shape.draw();
shape.display();
}
}

272. Static Keyword Example

java

class Counter {
static int count = 0; // Static variable

Counter() {
count++;
System.out.println("Count: " + count);
}

static void displayCount() {

System.out.println("Total count: " + count);
}
}

public class StaticExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Counter c1 = new Counter();
Counter c2 = new Counter();
Counter c3 = new Counter();

Counter.displayCount();
}
}

273. Encapsulation Example

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java

class Person {
private String name; // private field

// Getter method
public String getName() {
return name;
}

// Setter method
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}

public class EncapsulationExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("Alice");
System.out.println("Person's name: " + person.getName());
}
}

274. Demonstrate Polymorphism

java

class Animal {
void sound() {
System.out.println("Animal makes a sound");
}
}

class Dog extends Animal {

@Override
void sound() {
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}
}

class Cat extends Animal {

@Override
void sound() {
System.out.println("Cat meows");
}
}

public class PolymorphismExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal animal;

animal = new Dog();

animal.sound(); // Dog's sound

animal = new Cat();

animal.sound(); // Cat's sound
}
}

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275. Final Keyword Example

java

class FinalExample {
final int CONSTANT_VALUE = 10; // Final variable

void display() {
System.out.println("Constant Value: " + CONSTANT_VALUE);
}
}

public class FinalKeywordExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
FinalExample example = new FinalExample();
example.display();
}
}

These programs cover key OOP concepts such as:

Constructor and method overloading

Inheritance and method overriding
Interfaces and abstract classes
Encapsulation and static keyword
Polymorphism and final keyword

If you'd like more examples or further explanations on any concept, feel free to ask!

Here are additional Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) programs:

276. Constructor with Parameters

java

class Book {
String title;
String author;

// Constructor with parameters

Book(String title, String author) {
this.title = title;
this.author = author;
}

void display() {
System.out.println("Book Title: " + title + ", Author: " + author);
}
}

public class ConstructorWithParameters {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Book book = new Book("The Great Gatsby", "F. Scott Fitzgerald");
book.display();

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}
}

277. Implementing Multiple Interfaces

java

interface Animal {
void sound();
}

interface Movable {
void move();
}

class Dog implements Animal, Movable {

public void sound() {
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}

public void move() {

System.out.println("Dog runs");
}
}

public class MultipleInterfaces {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog dog = new Dog();
dog.sound();
dog.move();
}
}

278. Super Keyword Example

java

class Animal {
void sound() {
System.out.println("Animal makes a sound");
}
}

class Dog extends Animal {

@Override
void sound() {
super.sound(); // Calls parent class method
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}
}

public class SuperKeywordExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog dog = new Dog();
dog.sound();

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}
}

279. Instanceof Keyword Example

java

class Animal {
}

class Dog extends Animal {

}

public class InstanceofExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal animal = new Animal();
Dog dog = new Dog();

System.out.println(animal instanceof Animal); // true

System.out.println(dog instanceof Animal); // true
System.out.println(animal instanceof Dog); // false
}
}

280. Method Returning Object

java

class Person {
String name;

// Constructor
Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

// Method returning an object

Person createPerson(String name) {
return new Person(name);
}

void display() {
System.out.println("Person's Name: " + name);
}
}

public class ReturnObjectExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person1 = new Person("Alice");
person1.display();

Person person2 = person1.createPerson("Bob");

person2.display();
}
}

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281. Nested Classes

java

class OuterClass {
private String outerVar = "Outer Class Variable";

class InnerClass {
void display() {
System.out.println(outerVar); // Accessing outer class variable
}
}
}

public class NestedClassExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
OuterClass outer = new OuterClass();
OuterClass.InnerClass inner = outer.new InnerClass();
inner.display();
}
}

282. Static Nested Class

void deposit(double amount) {

if (amount > 0) {
balance += amount;
System.out.println("Deposited: " + amount);
}
}

void withdraw(double amount) {

if (amount <= balance && amount > 0) {
balance -= amount;
System.out.println("Withdrew: " + amount);
} else {
System.out.println("Insufficient balance.");
}
}

void displayBalance() {
System.out.println("Balance: " + balance);
}
}

public class BankAccountExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
BankAccount account = new BankAccount(500);
account.deposit(200);
account.withdraw(100);
account.displayBalance();
}
}

285. Singleton Pattern Example

java

class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance;

private Singleton() { }

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public static Singleton getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Singleton();
}
return instance;
}

void showMessage() {
System.out.println("Singleton instance accessed!");
}
}

public class SingletonPatternExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Singleton singleton = Singleton.getInstance();
singleton.showMessage();
}
}

286. Factory Design Pattern Example

java

interface Animal {
void sound();
}

class Dog implements Animal {

@Override
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}
}

class Cat implements Animal {

@Override
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Cat meows");
}
}

class AnimalFactory {
public Animal createAnimal(String type) {
if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("Dog")) {
return new Dog();
} else if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("Cat")) {
return new Cat();
}
return null;
}
}

public class FactoryPatternExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
AnimalFactory factory = new AnimalFactory();

Animal dog = factory.createAnimal("Dog");

dog.sound();

Animal cat = factory.createAnimal("Cat");

cat.sound();

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}
}

These programs showcase various OOP principles like:

Constructor with parameters

Multiple interfaces and inheritance
`super` and `instanceof` keywords
Factory design pattern, Singleton pattern
Nested classes, static nested classes
Working with `StringBuilder` and creating a simple bank account class

Feel free to ask if you'd like more examples on specific OOP topics or concepts!

Here are additional Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) programs:

287. Cloneable Interface Example

java

class Book implements Cloneable {

String title;
String author;

Book(String title, String author) {

this.title = title;
this.author = author;
}

// Overriding clone() method

public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}

void display() {
System.out.println("Book Title: " + title + ", Author: " + author);
}
}

public class CloneableExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Book originalBook = new Book("Java Programming", "John Doe");
originalBook.display();

// Cloning the original book

Book clonedBook = (Book) originalBook.clone();
clonedBook.display();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

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288. Overloading and Overriding Example

java

class Shape {
void area() {
System.out.println("Calculating area");
}
}

class Circle extends Shape {

@Override
void area() {
System.out.println("Area of Circle: πr²");
}

// Overloaded method
void area(double radius) {
System.out.println("Area of Circle with radius " + radius + ": " + (3.14 * radiu
s * radius));
}
}

public class OverloadingAndOverriding {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape shape = new Shape();
shape.area();

Circle circle = new Circle();

circle.area();
circle.area(5.0);
}
}

289. Aggregation Example

java

class Engine {
void start() {
System.out.println("Engine started");
}
}

class Car {
Engine engine;

Car(Engine engine) {
this.engine = engine;
}

void drive() {
engine.start();
System.out.println("Car is driving");
}
}

public class AggregationExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Engine engine = new Engine();
Car car = new Car(engine);

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car.drive();
}
}

290. Composition Example

java

class Wheel {
void rotate() {
System.out.println("Wheel is rotating");
}
}

class Car {
private Wheel wheel;

Car() {
this.wheel = new Wheel(); // Car has a Wheel (Composition)
}

void drive() {
wheel.rotate();
System.out.println("Car is driving");
}
}

public class CompositionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int num = 100;

// Converting primitive to wrapper class

Integer integerObj = Integer.valueOf(num);

// Unboxing: Wrapper class to primitive

int unboxed = integerObj.intValue();

System.out.println("Wrapper Object: " + integerObj);

System.out.println("Unboxed value: " + unboxed);
}
}

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296. Recursive Method Example

java

class Factorial {
int calculateFactorial(int n) {
if (n == 0)
return 1;
else
return n * calculateFactorial(n - 1);
}
}

public class RecursiveMethodExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Factorial factorial = new Factorial();
System.out.println("Factorial of 5: " + factorial.calculateFactorial(5));
}
}

These programs further demonstrate the power of OOP in Java by:

Showing cloneable interface and overloading and overriding methods

Exploring aggregation and composition relationships
Using the `super` keyword, `equals()`, `hashCode()`, and `toString()` methods from the
`Object` class
Using final and abstract classes and methods
Demonstrating wrapper classes, recursion, and the final class concept

If you need more examples or further explanations on any specific concept, feel free to ask!

Here are the next set of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) programs:

297. Method Chaining Example

java

class Person {
private String name;
private int age;

// Chaining methods to set properties

Person setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
return this;
}

Person setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;
return this;
}

void display() {

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System.out.println("Name: " + name + ", Age: " + age);
}
}

public class MethodChainingExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("Alice").setAge(25).display();
}
}

298. Static Method Example

java

class MathOperations {
static int square(int number) {
return number * number;
}
}

public class StaticMethodExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int result = MathOperations.square(5);
System.out.println("Square of 5: " + result);
}
}

299. Inner Class and Outer Class Communication

interface Animal {
void sound();
}

interface Movement {

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void move();
}

class Dog implements Animal, Movement {

@Override
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}

@Override
public void move() {
System.out.println("Dog runs");
}
}

public class MultipleInheritanceExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog dog = new Dog();
dog.sound();
dog.move();
}
}

303. Abstract Class with Multiple Concrete Methods

java

abstract class Shape {

abstract void draw();

void displayMessage() {
System.out.println("Shape is being drawn");
}
}

class Circle extends Shape {

@Override
void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing a Circle");
}
}

public class AbstractWithConcreteMethods {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Circle circle = new Circle();
circle.displayMessage();
circle.draw();
}
}

304. Default Methods in Interfaces Example

java

interface Shape {
default void displayShape() {
System.out.println("Displaying Shape");
}

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}

class Circle implements Shape {

void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing a Circle");
}
}

public class DefaultMethodsInInterface {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Circle circle = new Circle();
circle.displayShape(); // Calls the default method from the interface
circle.draw();
}
}

305. Method Overloading with Different Data Types

interface Animal {
void sound();
}

public class AnonymousClassExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal dog = new Animal() {
@Override
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}
};
dog.sound();
}
}

These programs showcase:

Method chaining and static methods

Inner class and method overriding with `super`
Final methods and final classes
Multiple inheritance through interfaces and abstract classes
Default methods in interfaces
Method overloading with various data types
StringBuffer and anonymous classes

If you need further details or more examples, feel free to ask!

Here are some Exception Handling programs in Java, demonstrating different types of exceptions
and how to handle them.

308. Basic Exception Handling (Try-Catch) Example

java

public class BasicExceptionHandling {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int result = 10 / 0; // ArithmeticException
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}

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}
}

309. Multiple Catch Blocks Example

java

public class MultipleCatchBlocks {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int[] arr = new int[5];
arr[10] = 30; // ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

int result = 10 / 0; // ArithmeticException

} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Arithmetic Error: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println("Array Index Out of Bounds: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("General Exception: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

310. Try-Catch with Finally Block

java

public class TryCatchFinally {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int result = 10 / 2;
System.out.println("Result: " + result);
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
} finally {
System.out.println("This block always executes");
}
}
}

311. Nested Try-Catch Example

java

public class NestedTryCatch {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
try {
int result = 10 / 0; // ArithmeticException
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Inner Catch: Arithmetic Exception");

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throw new Exception("New Exception from inner catch");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Outer Catch: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

312. Throw Statement Example

java

public class ThrowStatementExample {

static void checkAge(int age) {
if (age < 18) {
throw new ArithmeticException("Age must be 18 or older");
} else {
System.out.println("Age is valid");
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
checkAge(15); // Throws exception
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Caught Exception: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

313. Throws Keyword Example

java

class CustomException extends Exception {

CustomException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}

public class ThrowsKeywordExample {

static void validateAge(int age) throws CustomException {
if (age < 18) {
throw new CustomException("Age must be 18 or older");
} else {
System.out.println("Age is valid");
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
validateAge(16); // Throws custom exception
} catch (CustomException e) {
System.out.println("Caught Exception: " + e.getMessage());
}

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}
}

314. Catching Multiple Exceptions with Multi-Catch

java

public class MultiCatchExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int result = 10 / 0; // ArithmeticException
String str = null;
System.out.println(str.length()); // NullPointerException
} catch (ArithmeticException | NullPointerException e) {
System.out.println("Caught Exception: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

315. Custom Exception Handling Example

java

class InvalidAmountException extends Exception {

InvalidAmountException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}

public class CustomExceptionHandling {

static void deposit(double amount) throws InvalidAmountException {
if (amount <= 0) {
throw new InvalidAmountException("Amount must be greater than zero");
} else {
System.out.println("Deposited amount: " + amount);
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
deposit(-100); // Throws custom exception
} catch (InvalidAmountException e) {
System.out.println("Caught Exception: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

316. Exception Handling with String Parsing

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java

public class ExceptionHandlingWithParsing {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "abc";
try {
int num = Integer.parseInt(str); // NumberFormatException
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

317. Exception Propagation Example

java

class Parent {
void methodA() throws Exception {
throw new Exception("Exception in methodA");
}
}

class Child extends Parent {

void methodB() throws Exception {
try {
methodA(); // Propagating the exception
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Caught Exception in methodB: " + e.getMessage());
throw e;
}
}
}

public class ExceptionPropagationExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Child child = new Child();
try {
child.methodB();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Caught Exception in main: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

318. Handling Exception in Multithreading

java

class MyThread extends Thread {

@Override
public void run() {
try {
int result = 10 / 0; // ArithmeticException
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Exception in thread: " + e.getMessage());

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}
}
}

public class ThreadExceptionHandling {

public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread thread = new MyThread();
thread.start();
}
}

These programs cover a wide range of exception handling techniques in Java, including:

Basic try-catch blocks and finally block

Multiple catch blocks, nested try-catch
Throw and throws keywords
Custom exception handling and multi-catch
Handling number format exceptions, parsing errors, and thread exceptions

Let me know if you need more examples or explanations!

Here are additional Exception Handling programs in Java:

319. Chained Exception Example

class InvalidAgeException extends Exception {

InvalidAgeException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}

public class RethrowExceptionExample {

static void checkAge(int age) throws InvalidAgeException {
if (age < 18) {
throw new InvalidAgeException("Age must be 18 or older");
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

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checkAge(15);
} catch (InvalidAgeException e) {
System.out.println("Caught Exception: " + e.getMessage());
throw new RuntimeException("Re-throwing the exception", e);
}
}
}

323. Exception Handling with Input/Output (I/O) Operations

java

import java.io.*;

public class IOExceptionHandling {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream("nonexistentFile.txt");
int data = file.read();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("IOException occurred: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

324. Exception Handling in File Operations

java

import java.io.*;

public class FileOperationException {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("output.txt");
writer.write("Hello, World!");
writer.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("IOException occurred: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

325. Exception Handling with Custom Message

java

class InvalidInputException extends Exception {

InvalidInputException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}

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public class CustomMessageExceptionExample {
static void validateInput(int num) throws InvalidInputException {
if (num < 1) {
throw new InvalidInputException("Input cannot be less than 1");
} else {
System.out.println("Valid input: " + num);
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
validateInput(0); // Throws custom exception
} catch (InvalidInputException e) {
System.out.println("Caught Exception: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

326. Handling FileNotFoundException

java

import java.io.*;

public class FileNotFoundExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream("nonexistentFile.txt");
file.read();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("FileNotFoundException: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("IOException: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

327. Exception Handling with ArrayList

java

import java.util.*;

public class ArrayListExceptionHandling {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
try {
list.add("Java");
list.add("Python");
System.out.println(list.get(5)); // IndexOutOfBoundsException
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println("Caught Exception: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

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328. Handling NullPointerException

java

public class NullPointerExceptionHandling {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = null;
try {
System.out.println(str.length()); // NullPointerException
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
System.out.println("Caught Exception: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

329. Handling NumberFormatException

java

public class NumberFormatExceptionExample {

330. Try-Catch with Multiple Exceptions

java

public class MultipleExceptionHandling {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String str = null;
int num = Integer.parseInt(str); // NullPointerException, NumberFormatExcep
tion
} catch (NullPointerException | NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.println("Caught Exception: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

331. Custom Exception with Error Code

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java

class InvalidAmountException extends Exception {

private int errorCode;

InvalidAmountException(String message, int errorCode) {

super(message);
this.errorCode = errorCode;
}

int getErrorCode() {
return errorCode;
}
}

public class CustomExceptionWithCode {

static void withdraw(double amount) throws InvalidAmountException {
if (amount <= 0) {
throw new InvalidAmountException("Amount must be greater than zero", 1001);
} else {
System.out.println("Withdrawn: " + amount);
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
withdraw(-100);
} catch (InvalidAmountException e) {
System.out.println("Error Code: " + e.getErrorCode() + " - " + e.getMessage
());
}
}
}

332. Handling SQLException

java

import java.sql.*;

public class SQLExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Java");
list.add("Python");
list.add("C++");

Iterator<String> iterator = list.iterator();

while (iterator.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(iterator.next());
}
}
}

344. Using ListIterator

java

import java.util.*;

public class ListIteratorExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Java");
list.add("Python");
list.add("C++");

ListIterator<String> listIterator = list.listIterator();

System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " : " + entry.getValue());
}

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}
}

These programs demonstrate how to use different Java Collection classes and interfaces, including:

List, Set, Map interfaces

ArrayList, LinkedList, HashSet, TreeSet, HashMap, LinkedHashMap, and TreeMap classes
Stack, Vector, PriorityQueue
Iterator, ListIterator
Collections utility class methods

Let me know if you need more examples or clarifications!

Here are different types of programs across various Java topics that cover a wide range of
concepts, from basic to advanced:

351. Palindrome Number Check

java

import java.util.*;

public class PalindromeNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int number = 121, reversed = 0, remainder, original;
original = number;

while (number != 0) {
remainder = number % 10;
reversed = reversed * 10 + remainder;
number /= 10;
}

if (original == reversed)
System.out.println(original + " is a palindrome.");
else
System.out.println(original + " is not a palindrome.");
}
}

352. Prime Number Check

java

import java.util.*;

public class PrimeNumberCheck {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int number = 29;
boolean flag = false;

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for (int i = 2; i <= number / 2; i++) {
if (number % i == 0) {
flag = true;
break;
}
}

if (!flag)
System.out.println(number + " is a prime number.");
else
System.out.println(number + " is not a prime number.");
}
}

353. Fibonacci Series

java

import java.util.*;

public class FibonacciSeries {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 10;
int a = 0, b = 1, c;

System.out.print(a + " " + b);

public class SwapWithoutTemp {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 5, b = 10;

System.out.println("Before Swap: a = " + a + ", b = " + b);

a = a + b;
b = a - b;
a = a - b;

System.out.println("After Swap: a = " + a + ", b = " + b);

}
}

359. Count Vowels and Consonants in a String

java

import java.util.*;

public class CountVowelsConsonants {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Java Programming";
int vowels = 0, consonants = 0;

str = str.toLowerCase();

for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {

char ch = str.charAt(i);

if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') {

if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u')
vowels++;
else
consonants++;
}
}

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System.out.println("Vowels: " + vowels);
System.out.println("Consonants: " + consonants);
}
}

360. Sum of Natural Numbers

java

import java.util.*;

public class SumOfNaturalNumbers {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 10;
int sum = 0;

public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 5;
System.out.println("Sum of first " + n + " numbers is " + sum(n));
}

static int sum(int n) {

if (n != 0)
return n + sum(n - 1);
else
return 0;
}
}

364. GCD of Two Numbers

java

import java.util.*;

public class GCD {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int num1 = 56, num2 = 98;
int gcd = 1;

for (int i = 1; i <= num1 && i <= num2; i++) {

if (num1 % i == 0 && num2 % i == 0)
gcd = i;
}

System.out.println("GCD of " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is " + gcd);
}
}

365. LCM of Two Numbers

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java

import java.util.*;

public class LCM {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int num1 = 15, num2 = 20;
int lcm = (num1 > num2) ? num1 : num2;

while (true) {
if (lcm % num1 == 0 && lcm % num2 == 0) {
System.out.println("LCM of " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is " + lcm);
break;
}
lcm++;
}
}
}

366. Find the Largest of Three Numbers

java

import java.util.*;

public class LargestOfThree {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int num1 = 10, num2 = 20, num3 = 30;

if (num1 >=

Here are some additional different types of programs using Java Collections, covering more
advanced usage and operations:

351. Iterating through a Set using For-Each

java

import java.util.*;

public class SetIterationExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();
set.add("Java");
set.add("Python");
set.add("C++");

for (String language : set) {

System.out.println(language);
}
}
}

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352. Using ArrayList to Store Objects

public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedList<String> stack = new LinkedList<>();
stack.push("Java");
stack.push("Python");
stack.push("C++");

System.out.println("Stack elements:");
while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println(stack.pop());
}
}
}

355. Sorting a List of Custom Objects

java

import java.util.*;

class Student implements Comparable<Student> {

String name;
int grade;

Student(String name, int grade) {

this.name = name;
this.grade = grade;
}

@Override
public int compareTo(Student other) {
return this.grade - other.grade; // Sorting by grade
}

@Override
public String toString() {
return name + " (" + grade + ")";
}
}

public class SortCustomObjectsExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(new Student("Alice", 85));
students.add(new Student("Bob", 90));
students.add(new Student("John", 80));

Collections.sort(students);

for (Student student : students) {

System.out.println(student);
}
}
}

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356. Using Comparator for Custom Sorting

java

import java.util.*;

class Employee {
String name;
double salary;

Employee(String name, double salary) {

this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
return name + " ($" + salary + ")";
}
}

class EmployeeSalaryComparator implements Comparator<Employee> {

@Override
public int compare(Employee e1, Employee e2) {
return Double.compare(e1.salary, e2.salary); // Sorting by salary
}
}

public class ComparatorExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<>();
employees.add(new Employee("Alice", 70000));
employees.add(new Employee("Bob", 80000));
employees.add(new Employee("John", 60000));

Collections.sort(employees, new EmployeeSalaryComparator());

Collections.shuffle(list); // Shuffling the list randomly

for (String language : list) {

System.out.println(language);
}
}
}

360. Using Collections.swap() to Swap Two Elements

java

import java.util.*;

public class CollectionsSwapExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Java");
list.add("Python");
list.add("C++");

Collections.swap(list, 0, 2); // Swap first and last element

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for (String language : list) {
System.out.println(language);
}
}
}

361. Removing Duplicates Using Set

java

import java.util.*;

public class RemoveDuplicatesExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Java");
list.add("Python");
list.add("C++");
list.add("Java"); // Duplicate entry

Set<String> set = new HashSet<>(list); // Removing duplicates by converting to

Set

for (String language : set) {

System.out.println(language);
}
}
}

362. Using TreeSet to Store Sorted Data

java

import java.util.*;

public class TreeSetSortedExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Set<String> set = new TreeSet<>();
set.add("Java");
set.add("Python");
set.add("C++");
set.add("Java"); // Duplicate will be ignored

for (String language : set) {

System.out.println(language); // Sorted order
}
}
}

363. Using ArrayList with Dynamic Size

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java

import java.util.*;

public class DynamicArrayListExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Java");
list.add("Python");

list.add("C++"); // Adding more elements dynamically

list.add("JavaScript");

System.out.println("Size of the list: " + list.size());

for (String language : list) {
System.out.println(language);
}
}
}

364. Copying One List to Another

java

import java.util.*;

public class ListCopyExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<>();
list1.add("Java");
list1.add("Python");

List<String> list2 = new ArrayList<>(list1); // Copying list1 to list2

for (String language : list2) {

System.out.println(language);
}
}
}

365. Using Collections.rotate()

java

import java.util.*;

public class CollectionsRotateExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Java");
list.add("Python");
list.add("C++");

Collections.rotate(list, 1); // Rotates the list by 1 position

for (String language : list) {

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System.out.println(language);
}
}
}

These programs demonstrate various functionalities of Java Collections, such as:

Sorting, Shuffling, Reversing

Copying, Removing duplicates
Working with Custom Comparators, Lambda expressions
Set, List, Map usage and different types of Collection classes

Let me know if you need more examples or specific topics!

Here are some Java File Handling programs, covering common file operations such as reading,
writing, and manipulating files:

366. Writing to a File

java

import java.io.*;

public class WriteToFile {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("example.txt");
writer.write("Hello, this is a test file.");
writer.close();
System.out.println("Successfully wrote to the file.");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

367. Reading from a File

java

import java.io.*;

public class ReadFromFile {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
FileReader reader = new FileReader("example.txt");
int character;
while ((character = reader.read()) != -1) {
System.out.print((char) character);
}

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reader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

368. Appending Text to a File

java

372. File Existence Check

java

import java.io.*;

public class CheckFileExistence {

public static void main(String[] args) {
File file = new File("example.txt");

if (directory.mkdir()) {
System.out.println("Directory created successfully.");
} else {
System.out.println("Failed to create the directory.");
}
}
}

376. File Information (Size, Last Modified)

java

import java.io.*;

public class FileInfo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
File file = new File("example.txt");

if (file.exists()) {
System.out.println("File Size: " + file.length() + " bytes");
System.out.println("Last Modified: " + new java.util.Date(file.lastModified
()));
} else {
System.out.println("File not found.");
}
}
}

377. Writing Multiple Lines to a File

java

import java.io.*;

public class WriteMultipleLines {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("example.txt"));
writer.write("First line of text.");
writer.newLine();
writer.write("Second line of text.");
writer.newLine();
writer.write("Third line of text.");
writer.close();
System.out.println("Successfully wrote multiple lines to the file.");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

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378. Random Access File (Reading and Writing)

java

import java.io.*;

public class RandomAccessFileExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile("example.txt", "rw");

file.writeUTF("Hello, this is a test.");

file.seek(0);
String text = file.readUTF();
System.out.println("Read from file: " + text);

file.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

379. File Copy Using Buffered Streams

java

import java.io.*;

public class BufferedFileCopy {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
BufferedInputStream inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStrea
m("example.txt"));
BufferedOutputStream outputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputS
tream("copy_example.txt"));

int byteData;
while ((byteData = inputStream.read()) != -1) {
outputStream.write(byteData);
}

inputStream.close();
outputStream.close();
System.out.println("File copied using buffered streams.");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

380. Reading a File with FileReader and BufferedReader

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java

import java.io.*;

public class FileReaderBufferedReaderExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
FileReader reader = new FileReader("example.txt");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(reader);

String line;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}

bufferedReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

381. Reading File with Scanner

java

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class FileScannerExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new File("example.txt"));

while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
System.out.println(scanner.nextLine());
}

scanner.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

382. Writing to a File Using PrintWriter

java

java

public class PowerOfNumber {

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
reverseArray(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
System.out.print("Reversed Array: ");

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for (int num : arr) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
}
}

396. Sum of Even Numbers in an Array Using Recursion

java

public class SumEvenNumbers {

public static int sumEven(int[] arr, int n) {
if (n == 0) {
return 0;
}
int sum = (arr[n - 1] % 2 == 0) ? arr[n - 1] : 0;
return sum + sumEven(arr, n - 1);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
System.out.println("Sum of even numbers: " + sumEven(arr, arr.length));
}
}

397. Sum of Odd Numbers in an Array Using Recursion

java

public class SumOddNumbers {

public static int sumOdd(int[] arr, int n) {
if (n == 0) {
return 0;
}
int sum = (arr[n - 1] % 2 != 0) ? arr[n - 1] : 0;
return sum + sumOdd(arr, n - 1);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
System.out.println("Sum of odd numbers: " + sumOdd(arr, arr.length));
}
}

398. Find Maximum Element in an Array Using Recursion

java

public class MaxElement {

public static int findMax(int[] arr, int n) {
if (n == 1) {
return arr[0];

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}
return Math.max(arr[n - 1], findMax(arr, n - 1));
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[] arr = {1, 5, 3, 9, 2};
System.out.println("Maximum element in the array: " + findMax(arr, arr.length));
}
}

399. Print All Substrings of a String

String str = "programming";
char ch = 'r';
System.out.println("The character '" + ch + "' appears " + countOccurrences(str,
ch, 0) + " times.");

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}
}

406. Reverse an Integer Using Recursion

java

public class ReverseInteger {

public static int reverse(int num, int rev) {
if (num == 0) {
return rev;
}
return reverse(num / 10, rev * 10 + num % 10);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

int number = 12345;
System.out.println("Reversed number is: " + reverse(number, 0));
}
}

407. Reverse a Linked List Using Recursion

java

class Node {
int data;
Node next;

Node(int data) {
this.data = data;
this.next = null;
}
}

public class ReverseLinkedList {

public static Node reverse(Node head) {
if (head == null || head.next == null) {
return head;
}
Node rest = reverse(head.next);
head.next.next = head;
head.next = null;
return rest;
}

public static void printList(Node head) {

Node temp = head;
while (temp != null) {
System.out.print(temp.data + " ");
temp = temp.next;
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Node head = new Node(1);
head.next = new Node(2);
head.next.next = new Node(3);

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head.next.next.next = new Node(4);
head.next.next.next.next = new Node(5);

System.out.print("Original List: ");

printList(head);

head = reverse(head);

System.out.print("\nReversed List: ");

printList(head);
}
}

408. Print All Prime Numbers Up to N Using Recursion

java

public class PrimeNumbers {

public static void printPrimes(int n, int i) {
if (i > n) {
return;
}
if (isPrime(i, 2)) {
System.out.print(i + " ");
}
printPrimes(n, i + 1);
}

public static boolean isPrime(int n, int i) {

if (n <= 2) {
return n == 2;
}
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
if (i * i > n) {
return true;
}
return isPrime(n, i + 1);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

int number = 20;
System.out.print("Prime numbers up to " + number + ": ");
printPrimes(number, 2);
}
}

409. Print All Subsets of a Set

java

import java.util.*;

public class Subsets {

public static void printSubsets(String str, String ans, int index) {
if (index == str.length()) {
System.out.println(ans);

public static void permute(String str, String ans) {
if (str.length() == 0) {
System.out.println(ans);
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
char currentChar = str.charAt(i);
String left = str.substring(0, i);
String right = str.substring(i + 1);
permute(left + right, ans + currentChar);
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

String str = "abc";
permute(str, "");
}
}

These examples demonstrate how recursion can be applied to a wide range of problems. Let me
know if you need more examples or further clarification!

Here are Java programs focused on advanced topics:

413. Implementing Custom Exception Handling

java

class InsufficientBalanceException extends Exception {

public InsufficientBalanceException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}

public class BankAccount {

private double balance;

public BankAccount(double balance) {

this.balance = balance;
}

public void withdraw(double amount) throws InsufficientBalanceException {

if (amount > balance) {
throw new InsufficientBalanceException("Insufficient balance for withdrawa
l.");
}
balance -= amount;
System.out.println("Withdrawal successful! New balance: " + balance);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

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BankAccount account = new BankAccount(500);
try {
account.withdraw(600);
} catch (InsufficientBalanceException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
}

414. Multithreading - Creating a Thread Using the Runnable Interface

java

class MyRunnable implements Runnable {

public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread is running!");
}
}

public class ThreadExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
MyRunnable myRunnable = new MyRunnable();
Thread thread = new Thread(myRunnable);
thread.start();
}
}

415. Synchronization in Multithreading

java

class Counter {
private int count = 0;

public synchronized void increment() {

count++;
}

public int getCount() {

return count;
}
}

public class SynchronizedExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Counter counter = new Counter();

Runnable task = () -> {

for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
counter.increment();
}
};

Thread thread1 = new Thread(task);

Thread thread2 = new Thread(task);

thread1.start();
thread2.start();

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try {
thread1.join();
thread2.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

System.out.println("Final count: " + counter.getCount());

}
}

416. Lambda Expression Example

java

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class LambdaExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie");
names.forEach(name -> System.out.println(name));
}
}

417. Functional Interface Example

java

@FunctionalInterface
interface MyFunctionalInterface {
void sayHello();
}

public class FunctionalInterfaceExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
MyFunctionalInterface hello = () -> System.out.println("Hello, world!");
hello.sayHello();
}
}

418. Using Streams in Java

java

import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.*;

public class StreamExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);

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int sum = numbers.stream().filter(n -> n % 2 == 0).mapToInt(Integer::intValue).s
um();
System.out.println("Sum of even numbers: " + sum);
}
}

419. Generics - Creating a Generic Class

java

class Box<T> {
private T value;

public void setValue(T value) {

this.value = value;
}

public T getValue() {
return value;
}
}

public class GenericClassExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Box<Integer> integerBox = new Box<>();
integerBox.setValue(10);
System.out.println("Integer value: " + integerBox.getValue());

Box<String> stringBox = new Box<>();

stringBox.setValue("Hello Generics!");
System.out.println("String value: " + stringBox.getValue());
}
}

420. Reflection - Accessing Methods Dynamically

java

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class ReflectionExample {

public void displayMessage() {
System.out.println("Hello from Reflection!");
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

ReflectionExample obj = new ReflectionExample();
Method method = obj.getClass().getMethod("displayMessage");
method.invoke(obj);
}
}

421. Serialization in Java

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java

import java.io.*;

class Student implements Serializable {

private String name;
private int age;

public Student(String name, int age) {

this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{name='" + name + "', age=" + age + "}";
}
}

public class SerializationExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student = new Student("John", 21);

try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("stude

nt.ser"))) {
oos.writeObject(student);
System.out.println("Student object serialized to student.ser");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("student.

ser"))) {
Student deserializedStudent = (Student) ois.readObject();
System.out.println("Deserialized Student: " + deserializedStudent);
} catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

422. Using File I/O in Java

java

import java.io.*;

public class FileIOExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try (BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("example.txt")))
{
writer.write("This is an example of file I/O in Java.");
System.out.println("Data written to file.");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("example.txt")))

{
String line = reader.readLine();
System.out.println("Read from file: " + line);
} catch (IOException e) {

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e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

423. Java 8 Optional Class

java

import java.util.Optional;

public class OptionalExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Hello, Optional!";
Optional<String> optionalStr = Optional.ofNullable(str);

optionalStr.ifPresent(System.out::println);

String result = optionalStr.orElse("Default Value");

System.out.println(result);
}
}

424. CompletableFuture for Asynchronous Programming

java

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;

public class CompletableFutureExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return 42;
});

future.thenAccept(result -> System.out.println("Result: " + result));

System.out.println("Async task is running in the background...");
}
}

425. Implementing a Singleton Design Pattern

java

public class Singleton {

private static Singleton instance;

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private Singleton() {
// Private constructor to prevent instantiation
}

public static Singleton getInstance() {

if (instance == null) {
instance = new Singleton();
}
return instance;
}

public void showMessage() {

System.out.println("Singleton instance!");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Singleton singleton = Singleton.getInstance();
singleton.showMessage();
}
}

These programs cover a variety of advanced topics like multithreading, functional programming,
serialization, reflection, file I/O, and design patterns. Let me know if you need further explanation or
more examples!

Here are additional advanced Java program examples:

426. Implementing a Simple HTTP Server Using Java

java

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class SimpleHttpServer {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8080);
System.out.println("Server started at port 8080");

while (true) {
Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocke
t.getInputStream()));
OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStr
eam());

String requestLine = reader.readLine();

System.out.println("Received request: " + requestLine);

writer.write("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n");

writer.write("Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
writer.write("\r\n");
writer.write("<html><body><h1>Hello, World!</h1></body></html>");
writer.flush();
clientSocket.close();
}

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}
}

427. Implementing a Simple Database Connection with JDBC

java

import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb";
String user = "root";
String password = "password";

try (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password)) {

System.out.println("Connected to the database");

Statement statement = connection.createStatement();

String query = "SELECT * FROM students";
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(query);

while (resultSet.next()) {
System.out.println("ID: " + resultSet.getInt("id") + ", Name: " + result
Set.getString("name"));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

428. Implementing a Priority Queue in Java

java

import java.util.PriorityQueue;

public class PriorityQueueExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<>();

pq.offer(5);
pq.offer(2);
pq.offer(8);
pq.offer(1);

while (!pq.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println(pq.poll());
}
}
}

429. Implementing a Simple Chat Application Using Sockets

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java

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class ChatServer {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345);
System.out.println("Server started...");

Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();

System.out.println("Client connected");

BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.ge

tInputStream()));
PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);

String message;
while ((message = reader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println("Client: " + message);
writer.println("Echo: " + message);
}
}
}

class ChatClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 12345);
BufferedReader consoleReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.i
n));
BufferedReader socketReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.ge
tInputStream()));
PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);

String message;
while ((message = consoleReader.readLine()) != null) {
writer.println(message);
System.out.println("Server: " + socketReader.readLine());
}
}
}

430. Implementing a Timer Using the Timer Class

java

import java.util.*;

public class TimerExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Timer timer = new Timer();

TimerTask task = new TimerTask() {

public void run() {
System.out.println("Task executed at: " + new Date());
}
};

timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, 0, 2000);

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}
}

431. Implementing a Circular Queue

java

class CircularQueue {
private int[] queue;
private int front, rear, size, capacity;

public CircularQueue(int capacity) {

this.capacity = capacity;
queue = new int[capacity];
front = rear = size = 0;
}

public void enqueue(int item) {

if (size == capacity) {
System.out.println("Queue is full");
return;
}
queue[rear] = item;
rear = (rear + 1) % capacity;
size++;
}

public void dequeue() {

if (size == 0) {
System.out.println("Queue is empty");
return;
}
front = (front + 1) % capacity;
size--;
}

public void display() {

if (size == 0) {
System.out.println("Queue is empty");
return;
}
int i = front;
while (i != rear) {
System.out.print(queue[i] + " ");
i = (i + 1) % capacity;
}
System.out.println();
}
}

public class CircularQueueExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
CircularQueue queue = new CircularQueue(5);
queue.enqueue(10);
queue.enqueue(20);
queue.enqueue(30);
queue.display();

queue.dequeue();
queue.display();

queue.enqueue(40);
queue.enqueue(50);
queue.display();

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}
}

432. Implementing a Simple Calculator Using JavaFX (GUI)

java

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.*;
import javafx.stage.*;

public class Calculator extends Application {

private TextField display;

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}

@Override
public void start(Stage stage) {
display = new TextField();
display.setEditable(false);

Button btn1 = new Button("1");

Button btn2 = new Button("2");
Button btn3 = new Button("3");
Button btn4 = new Button("4");
Button btn5 = new Button("5");
Button btn6 = new Button("6");
Button btn7 = new Button("7");
Button btn8 = new Button("8");
Button btn9 = new Button("9");
Button btn0 = new Button("0");
Button btnAdd = new Button("+");
Button btnSub = new Button("-");
Button btnMul = new Button("*");
Button btnDiv = new Button("/");
Button btnEq = new Button("=");
Button btnClear = new Button("C");

btn1.setOnAction(e -> display.appendText("1"));

btn2.setOnAction(e -> display.appendText("2"));
btn3.setOnAction(e -> display.appendText("3"));
btn4.setOnAction(e -> display.appendText("4"));
btn5.setOnAction(e -> display.appendText("5"));
btn6.setOnAction(e -> display.appendText("6"));
btn7.setOnAction(e -> display.appendText("7"));
btn8.setOnAction(e -> display.appendText("8"));
btn9.setOnAction(e -> display.appendText("9"));
btn0.setOnAction(e -> display.appendText("0"));

btnClear.setOnAction(e -> display.clear());

btnEq.setOnAction(e -> evaluate());

VBox layout = new VBox();

layout.getChildren().addAll(display, btn1, btn2, btn3, btn4, btn5, btn6, btn7, b
tn8, btn9, btn0, btnAdd, btnSub, btnMul, btnDiv, btnEq, btnClear);

Scene scene = new Scene(layout, 250, 300);

stage.setTitle("Calculator");
stage.setScene(scene);
stage.show();

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}

private void evaluate() {

try {
double result = evaluateExpression(display.getText());
display.setText(Double.toString(result));
} catch (Exception e) {
display.setText("Error");
}
}

private double evaluateExpression(String expression) {

// Here you can implement basic expression evaluation logic (e.g., using a scrip
t engine or custom code)
return 0; // Placeholder
}
}

433. Implementing Observer Design Pattern

java

import java.util.*;

interface Observer {
void update(String message);
}

class ConcreteObserver implements Observer {

private String name;

public ConcreteObserver(String name) {

this.name = name;
}

public void update(String message) {

System.out.println(name + " received: " + message);
}
}

class Subject {
private List<Observer> observers = new ArrayList<>();

public void addObserver(Observer observer) {

observers.add(observer);
}

public void notifyObservers(String message) {

for (Observer observer : observers) {
observer.update(message);
}
}
}

public class ObserverPatternExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Subject subject = new Subject();
Observer observer1 = new ConcreteObserver("Observer 1");
Observer observer2 = new ConcreteObserver("Observer 2");

subject.addObserver(observer1);
subject.addObserver(observer2);

subject.notifyObservers("Update Message");

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}
}

These advanced programs cover a variety of topics such as networking, multithreading, databases,
GUI, and design patterns. Let me know if you'd like further assistance with any of these concepts!

Here are a few miscellaneous advanced Java programs that cover a wide range of concepts:

434. Palindrome Checker Using Recursion

java

public class PalindromeChecker {

public static boolean isPalindrome(String str, int start, int end) {

if (start >= end) {
return true;
}
if (str.charAt(start) != str.charAt(end)) {
return false;
}
return isPalindrome(str, start + 1, end - 1);
}
}

435. Fibonacci Series Using Memoization

java

import java.util.HashMap;

public class FibonacciMemoization {

private static HashMap<Integer, Long> memo = new HashMap<>();

public static void main(String[] args) {

int n = 50; // Find the 50th Fibonacci number
System.out.println("Fibonacci of " + n + " is: " + fibonacci(n));
}

public static long fibonacci(int n) {

if (n <= 1) {
return n;
}
if (memo.containsKey(n)) {
return memo.get(n);

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}
long result = fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
memo.put(n, result);
return result;
}
}

436. Implementing a Simple Bank Account System

java

class BankAccount {
private double balance;

public BankAccount(double initialBalance) {

balance = initialBalance;
}

public void deposit(double amount) {

balance += amount;
System.out.println("Deposited: " + amount);
}

public void withdraw(double amount) {

if (balance >= amount) {
balance -= amount;
System.out.println("Withdrawn: " + amount);
} else {
System.out.println("Insufficient balance");
}
}

public double getBalance() {

return balance;
}
}

public class BankAccountSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {
BankAccount account = new BankAccount(1000);
account.deposit(500);
account.withdraw(200);
System.out.println("Current Balance: " + account.getBalance());
}
}

437. Implementing a Sudoku Solver

java

public class SudokuSolver {

private static final int N = 9;

public static void main(String[] args) {

int[][] board = {
{5, 3, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},
{6, 0, 0, 1, 9, 5, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0},

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{8, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 3},
{4, 0, 0, 8, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1},
{7, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 6},
{0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 8, 0},
{0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 9, 0, 0, 5},
{0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 7, 9}
};
if (solveSudoku(board)) {
printBoard(board);
} else {
System.out.println("No solution exists");
}
}

public static boolean solveSudoku(int[][] board) {

for (int row = 0; row < N; row++) {
for (int col = 0; col < N; col++) {
if (board[row][col] == 0) {
for (int num = 1; num <= N; num++) {
if (isValid(board, row, col, num)) {
board[row][col] = num;
if (solveSudoku(board)) {
return true;
}
board[row][col] = 0;
}
}
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}

public static boolean isValid(int[][] board, int row, int col, int num) {
for (int x = 0; x < N; x++) {
if (board[row][x] == num || board[x][col] == num || board[3 * (row / 3) + x
/ 3][3 * (col / 3) + x % 3] == num) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

public static void printBoard(int[][] board) {

for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
System.out.print(board[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

438. Implementing a Simple ATM System Using OOP

java

class ATM {
private double balance;

public ATM(double initialBalance) {

balance = initialBalance;
}

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public void deposit(double amount) {
balance += amount;
System.out.println("Deposited: " + amount);
}

public void withdraw(double amount) {

if (balance >= amount) {
balance -= amount;
System.out.println("Withdrawn: " + amount);
} else {
System.out.println("Insufficient balance");
}
}

public void checkBalance() {

System.out.println("Current Balance: " + balance);
}
}

public class ATMSimulator {

public static void main(String[] args) {
ATM atm = new ATM(2000);
atm.deposit(500);
atm.withdraw(1000);
atm.checkBalance();
}
}

439. Implementing an LRU Cache (Least Recently Used)

java

import java.util.*;

class LRUCache {
private Map<Integer, Integer> cache;
private int capacity;
private LinkedHashMap<Integer, Long> accessTime;

public LRUCache(int capacity) {

this.capacity = capacity;
this.cache = new LinkedHashMap<>(capacity, 0.75f, true);
this.accessTime = new LinkedHashMap<>();
}

public void put(int key, int value) {

if (cache.size() >= capacity) {
evict();
}
cache.put(key, value);
accessTime.put(key, System.nanoTime());
}

public Integer get(int key) {

if (!cache.containsKey(key)) {
return null;
}
accessTime.put(key, System.nanoTime());
return cache.get(key);
}

private void evict() {

long oldestTime = Long.MAX_VALUE;

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int oldestKey = -1;

for (Map.Entry<Integer, Long> entry : accessTime.entrySet()) {

if (entry.getValue() < oldestTime) {
oldestTime = entry.getValue();
oldestKey = entry.getKey();
}
}
cache.remove(oldestKey);
accessTime.remove(oldestKey);
}
}

public class LRUCacheExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
LRUCache lruCache = new LRUCache(3);
lruCache.put(1, 100);
lruCache.put(2, 200);
lruCache.put(3, 300);
System.out.println("Get 1: " + lruCache.get(1));
lruCache.put(4, 400);
System.out.println("Get 2: " + lruCache.get(2));
}
}

440. Merge Sort Algorithm

java

public class MergeSort {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] array = { 38, 27, 43, 3, 9, 82, 10 };
mergeSort(array, 0, array.length - 1);
for (int num : array) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
}

public static void mergeSort(int[] array, int left, int right) {

if (left < right) {
int middle = (left + right) / 2;
mergeSort(array, left, middle);
mergeSort(array, middle + 1, right);
merge(array, left, middle, right);
}
}

public static void merge(int[] array, int left, int middle, int right) {
int n1 = middle - left + 1;
int n2 = right - middle;

int[] leftArray = new int[n1];

int[] rightArray = new int[n2];

System.arraycopy(array, left, leftArray, 0, n1);

System.arraycopy(array, middle + 1, rightArray, 0, n2);

int i = 0, j = 0, k = left;
while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
if (leftArray[i] <= rightArray[j]) {
array[k] = leftArray[i];
i++;
} else {
array[k] = rightArray[j];

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j++;
}
k++;
}

while (i < n1) {

array[k] = leftArray[i];
i++;
k++;
}

while (j < n2) {

array[k] = rightArray[j];
j++;
k++;
}
}
}

These are some miscellaneous Java programs that cover algorithms, system design, and different
problem-solving approaches, giving you a broad view of advanced topics in Java.

Here are additional Java programs focusing on advanced topics that you can explore:

441. Implementing a Simple HashMap

java

import java.util.LinkedList;

class HashMap<K, V> {

private LinkedList<Entry<K, V>>[] table;
private int size;

public HashMap(int capacity) {

table = new LinkedList[capacity];
size = 0;
}

public void put(K key, V value) {

int index = key.hashCode() % table.length;
if (table[index] == null) {
table[index] = new LinkedList<>();
}
for (Entry<K, V> entry : table[index]) {
if (entry.getKey().equals(key)) {
entry.setValue(value);
return;
}
}
table[index].add(new Entry<>(key, value));
size++;
}

public V get(K key) {

int index = key.hashCode() % table.length;
if (table[index] == null) return null;
for (Entry<K, V> entry : table[index]) {
if (entry.getKey().equals(key)) {

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return entry.getValue();
}
}
return null;
}

public boolean containsKey(K key) {

return get(key) != null;
}

private static class Entry<K, V> {

private K key;
private V value;

public Entry(K key, V value) {

this.key = key;
this.value = value;
}

public K getKey() {
return key;
}

public V getValue() {
return value;
}

public void setValue(V value) {

this.value = value;
}
}
}

public class CustomHashMapExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>(10);
map.put("One", 1);
map.put("Two", 2);
map.put("Three", 3);

System.out.println("Key One: " + map.get("One"));

System.out.println("Key Two exists: " + map.containsKey("Two"));
}
}

442. Implementing a Simple Linked List

java

class LinkedList {
private Node head;

private class Node {

int data;
Node next;

public Node(int data) {

this.data = data;
this.next = null;
}
}

public void insert(int data) {

Node newNode = new Node(data);

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if (head == null) {
head = newNode;
} else {
Node temp = head;
while (temp.next != null) {
temp = temp.next;
}
temp.next = newNode;
}
}

public void display() {

Node temp = head;
while (temp != null) {
System.out.print(temp.data + " -> ");
temp = temp.next;
}
System.out.println("null");
}

public void delete(int data) {

if (head == null) return;

if (head.data == data) {
head = head.next;
return;
}

Node temp = head;

while (temp.next != null && temp.next.data != data) {
temp = temp.next;
}

if (temp.next != null) {
temp.next = temp.next.next;
}
}
}

public class LinkedListExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedList list = new LinkedList();
list.insert(10);
list.insert(20);
list.insert(30);
list.display();

list.delete(20);
list.display();
}
}

443. Implementing a Simple Stack Using Array

java

class Stack {
private int maxSize;
private int top;
private int[] stack;

public Stack(int size) {

maxSize = size;
stack = new int[maxSize];

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top = -1;
}

public boolean isEmpty() {

return top == -1;
}

public boolean isFull() {

return top == maxSize - 1;
}

public void push(int value) {

if (isFull()) {
System.out.println("Stack Overflow");
} else {
stack[++top] = value;
System.out.println(value + " pushed to stack");
}
}

public int pop() {

if (isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("Stack Underflow");
return -1;
} else {
return stack[top--];
}
}

public int peek() {

if (isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("Stack is empty");
return -1;
} else {
return stack[top];
}
}
}

public class StackExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Stack stack = new Stack(5);
stack.push(10);
stack.push(20);
stack.push(30);

System.out.println(stack.pop() + " popped from stack");

System.out.println("Top element is: " + stack.peek());

}
}

444. Implementing a Queue Using Linked List

java

class Queue {
private Node front, rear;
private int size;

private class Node {

int data;
Node next;

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public Node(int data) {
this.data = data;
this.next = null;
}
}

public Queue() {
front = rear = null;
size = 0;
}

public void enqueue(int data) {

Node newNode = new Node(data);
if (rear == null) {
front = rear = newNode;
size++;
return;
}
rear.next = newNode;
rear = newNode;
size++;
}

public int dequeue() {

if (front == null) {
System.out.println("Queue is empty");
return -1;
}
int value = front.data;
front = front.next;
size--;
return value;
}

public int peek() {

if (front == null) {
System.out.println("Queue is empty");
return -1;
}
return front.data;
}

public int getSize() {

return size;
}
}

public class QueueExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Queue queue = new Queue();
queue.enqueue(10);
queue.enqueue(20);
queue.enqueue(30);

System.out.println(queue.dequeue() + " dequeued from queue");

System.out.println("Front element is: " + queue.peek());

System.out.println("Queue size is: " + queue.getSize());
}
}

445. Implementing a Priority Queue

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java

import java.util.PriorityQueue;

public class PriorityQueueExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<>();

pq.add(10);
pq.add(20);
pq.add(15);

System.out.println("Priority Queue: " + pq);

System.out.println("Removed: " + pq.poll());

System.out.println("Priority Queue after poll: " + pq);

System.out.println("Peek: " + pq.peek());

}
}

446. Depth First Search (DFS) in Graph

java

import java.util.*;

class Graph {
private Map<Integer, List<Integer>> adjList;

public Graph() {
adjList = new HashMap<>();
}

public void addEdge(int v, int w) {

adjList.putIfAbsent(v, new ArrayList<>());
adjList.get(v).add(w);
}

public void DFS(int start) {

Set<Integer> visited = new HashSet<>();
dfsUtil(start, visited);
}

private void dfsUtil(int v, Set<Integer> visited) {

visited.add(v);
System.out.print(v + " ");

for (int neighbor : adjList.get(v)) {

if (!visited.contains(neighbor)) {
dfsUtil(neighbor, visited);
}
}
}
}

public class DFSExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Graph g = new Graph();
g.addEdge(0, 1);
g.addEdge(0, 2);
g.addEdge(1, 2);

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g.addEdge(2, 0);
g.addEdge(2, 3);

System.out.println("DFS starting from vertex 2:");

g.DFS(2);
}
}

447. Breadth First Search (BFS) in Graph

java

import java.util.*;

class Graph {
private Map<Integer, List<Integer>> adjList;

public Graph() {
adjList = new HashMap<>();
}

public void addEdge(int v, int w) {

adjList.putIfAbsent(v, new ArrayList<>());
adjList.get(v).add(w);
}

public void BFS(int start) {

Set<Integer> visited = new HashSet<>();
Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>();

visited.add(start);
queue.add(start);

while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
int v = queue.poll();
System.out.print(v + " ");

for (int neighbor : adjList.get(v)) {

if (!visited.contains(neighbor)) {
visited.add(neighbor);
queue.add(neighbor);
}
}
}
}
}

public class BFSExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Graph g = new Graph();
g.addEdge(0, 1);
g.addEdge(0, 2);
g.addEdge(1, 2);
g.addEdge(2, 0);
g.addEdge(2, 3);

System.out.println("BFS starting from vertex 2:");

g.BFS(2);
}
}

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These programs are designed to help you build a deeper understanding of Java, focusing on data
structures, algorithms, and advanced topics like graph traversal, custom collections, and more.

Here are additional advanced Java programs for you to explore:

448. Implementing a Binary Search Tree (BST)

java

class BinarySearchTree {
class Node {
int data;
Node left, right;

public Node(int data) {

this.data = data;
left = right = null;
}
}

private Node root;

public BinarySearchTree() {
root = null;
}

public void insert(int data) {

root = insertRec(root, data);
}

private Node insertRec(Node root, int data) {

if (root == null) {
root = new Node(data);
return root;
}

if (data < root.data) {

root.left = insertRec(root.left, data);
} else if (data > root.data) {
root.right = insertRec(root.right, data);
}

return root;
}

public void inorder() {

inorderRec(root);
}

private void inorderRec(Node root) {

if (root != null) {
inorderRec(root.left);
System.out.print(root.data + " ");
inorderRec(root.right);
}
}
}

public class BSTExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
BinarySearchTree tree = new BinarySearchTree();

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tree.insert(50);
tree.insert(30);
tree.insert(20);
tree.insert(40);
tree.insert(70);
tree.insert(60);
tree.insert(80);

System.out.println("Inorder traversal of BST:");

tree.inorder();
}
}

449. Implementing Dijkstra’s Algorithm for Shortest Path

java

import java.util.*;

class Graph {
private int V;
private LinkedList<Edge>[] adjList;

public Graph(int v) {
V = v;
adjList = new LinkedList[V];
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) {
adjList[i] = new LinkedList<>();
}
}

class Edge {
int dest, weight;
public Edge(int dest, int weight) {
this.dest = dest;
this.weight = weight;
}
}

public void addEdge(int src, int dest, int weight) {

adjList[src].add(new Edge(dest, weight));
adjList[dest].add(new Edge(src, weight));
}

public void dijkstra(int start) {

int[] dist = new int[V];
Arrays.fill(dist, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
dist[start] = 0;

PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(Comparator.comparingInt(u -> dis

t[u]));
pq.add(start);

while (!pq.isEmpty()) {
int u = pq.poll();
for (Edge edge : adjList[u]) {
int v = edge.dest;
int weight = edge.weight;
if (dist[u] + weight < dist[v]) {
dist[v] = dist[u] + weight;
pq.add(v);
}
}
}

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System.out.println("Shortest distances from node " + start + ":");
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) {
System.out.println("Node " + i + ": " + dist[i]);
}
}
}

public class DijkstraExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Graph g = new Graph(5);
g.addEdge(0, 1, 10);
g.addEdge(0, 2, 20);
g.addEdge(1, 3, 30);
g.addEdge(2, 3, 10);
g.addEdge(3, 4, 40);

g.dijkstra(0);
}
}

450. Implementing a Circular Queue

java

class CircularQueue {
private int[] queue;
private int front, rear, size, capacity;

public CircularQueue(int capacity) {

this.capacity = capacity;
queue = new int[capacity];
front = rear = size = 0;
}

public boolean isEmpty() {

return size == 0;
}

public boolean isFull() {

return size == capacity;
}

public void enqueue(int value) {

if (isFull()) {
System.out.println("Queue is full");
return;
}
queue[rear] = value;
rear = (rear + 1) % capacity;
size++;
}

public int dequeue() {

if (isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("Queue is empty");
return -1;
}
int value = queue[front];
front = (front + 1) % capacity;
size--;
return value;
}

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public int peek() {
if (isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("Queue is empty");
return -1;
}
return queue[front];
}

public int getSize() {

return size;
}
}

public class CircularQueueExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
CircularQueue q = new CircularQueue(5);
q.enqueue(10);
q.enqueue(20);
q.enqueue(30);
q.enqueue(40);
q.enqueue(50);

System.out.println("Dequeued element: " + q.dequeue());

q.enqueue(60);

System.out.println("Front element: " + q.peek());

System.out.println("Queue size: " + q.getSize());
}
}

451. Implementing Merge Sort

java

class MergeSort {
public static void mergeSort(int[] arr) {
if (arr.length < 2) {
return;
}

int mid = arr.length / 2;

int[] left = new int[mid];
int[] right = new int[arr.length - mid];

System.arraycopy(arr, 0, left, 0, mid);

System.arraycopy(arr, mid, right, 0, arr.length - mid);

mergeSort(left);
mergeSort(right);
merge(arr, left, right);
}

private static void merge(int[] arr, int[] left, int[] right) {

int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;

while (i < left.length && j < right.length) {

if (left[i] <= right[j]) {
arr[k++] = left[i++];
} else {
arr[k++] = right[j++];
}
}

while (i < left.length) {

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arr[k++] = left[i++];
}

while (j < right.length) {

arr[k++] = right[j++];
}
}

public static void printArray(int[] arr) {

for (int val : arr) {
System.out.print(val + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}

public class MergeSortExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7};
System.out.println("Unsorted array:");
MergeSort.printArray(arr);

MergeSort.mergeSort(arr);

System.out.println("Sorted array:");
MergeSort.printArray(arr);
}
}

452. Implementing Quick Sort

java

class QuickSort {
public static void quickSort(int[] arr, int low, int high) {
if (low < high) {
int pi = partition(arr, low, high);

quickSort(arr, low, pi - 1);

quickSort(arr, pi + 1, high);
}
}

private static int partition(int[] arr, int low, int high) {

int pivot = arr[high];
int i = low - 1;

for (int j = low; j < high; j++) {

if (arr[j] < pivot) {
i++;
int temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
}
}

int temp = arr[i + 1];

arr[i + 1] = arr[high];
arr[high] = temp;

return i + 1;
}

public static void printArray(int[] arr) {

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for (int val : arr) {
System.out.print(val + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}

public class QuickSortExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {10, 7, 8, 9, 1, 5};
System.out.println("Unsorted array:");
QuickSort.printArray(arr);

QuickSort.quickSort(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);

System.out.println("Sorted array:");
QuickSort.printArray(arr);
}
}

453. Implementing Heap Sort

java

class HeapSort {
public static void heapify(int[] arr, int n, int i) {
int largest = i;
int left = 2 * i + 1;
int right = 2 * i + 2;

if (left < n && arr[left] > arr[largest]) {

largest = left;
}

if (right < n && arr[right] > arr[largest]) {

largest = right;
}

if (largest != i) {
int temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[largest];
arr[largest] = temp;

heapify(arr, n, largest);
}
}

public static void heapSort(int[] arr) {

int n = arr.length;

for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {

heapify(arr, n, i);
}

for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) {

int temp = arr[0];
arr[0] = arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;

heapify(arr, i, 0);
}
}

public static void printArray(int[] arr) {

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for (int val : arr) {
System.out.print(val + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}

public class HeapSortExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7};
System.out.println("Unsorted array:");
HeapSort.printArray(arr);

HeapSort.heapSort(arr);

System.out.println("Sorted array:");
HeapSort.printArray(arr);
}
}

These programs will further enhance your understanding of advanced Java topics such as sorting
algorithms, graph traversal, and custom data structures. Let me know if you need more programs!

Here are some Java programs based on real-world scenarios:

454. Bank Account Management System

java

import java.util.*;

class BankAccount {
private int accountNumber;
private String accountHolder;
private double balance;

public BankAccount(int accountNumber, String accountHolder) {

this.accountNumber = accountNumber;
this.accountHolder = accountHolder;
this.balance = 0.0;
}

public void deposit(double amount) {

balance += amount;
System.out.println("Deposited: " + amount);
}

public void withdraw(double amount) {

if (amount > balance) {
System.out.println("Insufficient balance!");
} else {
balance -= amount;
System.out.println("Withdrawn: " + amount);
}
}

public void checkBalance() {

System.out.println("Account balance: " + balance);
}

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}

public class BankAccountSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
BankAccount account = new BankAccount(101, "John Doe");

account.deposit(1000);
account.checkBalance();
account.withdraw(500);
account.checkBalance();
}
}

Scenario: This program simulates basic bank account operations like deposit, withdrawal, and
balance check.

455. Library Management System

java

import java.util.*;

class Book {
private String title;
private boolean isAvailable;

public Book(String title) {

this.title = title;
this.isAvailable = true;
}

public String getTitle() {

return title;
}

public boolean isAvailable() {

return isAvailable;
}

public void borrowBook() {

if (isAvailable) {
isAvailable = false;
System.out.println("You have borrowed: " + title);
} else {
System.out.println("Sorry, the book is not available.");
}
}

public void returnBook() {

isAvailable = true;
System.out.println("You have returned: " + title);
}
}

class Library {
private List<Book> books;

public Library() {
books = new ArrayList<>();
}

public void addBook(Book book) {

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books.add(book);
}

public void showAvailableBooks() {

for (Book book : books) {
if (book.isAvailable()) {
System.out.println(book.getTitle());
}
}
}
}

public class LibraryManagementSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Library library = new Library();
Book book1 = new Book("The Alchemist");
Book book2 = new Book("Java Programming");
library.addBook(book1);
library.addBook(book2);

System.out.println("Available Books:");
library.showAvailableBooks();

book1.borrowBook();
book2.borrowBook();

System.out.println("\nAvailable Books after borrowing:");

library.showAvailableBooks();

book1.returnBook();

System.out.println("\nAvailable Books after returning:");

library.showAvailableBooks();
}
}

Scenario: A library management system to manage books, their availability, and the
borrowing/returning process.

456. Online Shopping Cart System

java

import java.util.*;

class Product {
private String name;
private double price;

public Product(String name, double price) {

this.name = name;
this.price = price;
}

public String getName() {

return name;
}

public double getPrice() {

return price;
}
}

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class ShoppingCart {
private List<Product> cart;

public ShoppingCart() {
cart = new ArrayList<>();
}

public void addProduct(Product product) {

cart.add(product);
System.out.println(product.getName() + " has been added to the cart.");
}

public void removeProduct(Product product) {

cart.remove(product);
System.out.println(product.getName() + " has been removed from the cart.");
}

public double calculateTotal() {

double total = 0;
for (Product product : cart) {
total += product.getPrice();
}
return total;
}

public void showCart() {

System.out.println("Items in your cart:");
for (Product product : cart) {
System.out.println(product.getName() + " - $" + product.getPrice());
}
}
}

public class ShoppingCartSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Product p1 = new Product("Laptop", 1200);
Product p2 = new Product("Smartphone", 800);
Product p3 = new Product("Headphones", 100);

ShoppingCart cart = new ShoppingCart();

cart.addProduct(p1);
cart.addProduct(p2);
cart.showCart();
System.out.println("Total Price: $" + cart.calculateTotal());

cart.removeProduct(p1);
cart.showCart();
System.out.println("Total Price: $" + cart.calculateTotal());
}
}

Scenario: This program simulates adding/removing items to/from a shopping cart, and calculating
the total price.

457. Taxi Fare Calculation System

java

import java.util.Scanner;

class TaxiFareCalculator {
private static final double BASE_FARE = 50.0;

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private static final double RATE_PER_KM = 15.0;

public double calculateFare(double distance) {

return BASE_FARE + (distance * RATE_PER_KM);
}
}

public class TaxiFareSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
TaxiFareCalculator calculator = new TaxiFareCalculator();

System.out.print("Enter distance traveled (in km): ");

double distance = scanner.nextDouble();

double fare = calculator.calculateFare(distance);

System.out.println("The total fare for your ride is: $" + fare);
}
}

Scenario: This program calculates the taxi fare based on a base fare and the distance traveled.

458. Student Grading System

java

import java.util.Scanner;

class Student {
private String name;
private double marks;

public Student(String name, double marks) {

this.name = name;
this.marks = marks;
}

public String getGrade() {

if (marks >= 90) {
return "A";
} else if (marks >= 75) {
return "B";
} else if (marks >= 50) {
return "C";
} else {
return "F";
}
}

public void displayResult() {

System.out.println("Student: " + name);
System.out.println("Marks: " + marks);
System.out.println("Grade: " + getGrade());
}
}

public class GradingSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter student name: ");

String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter student marks: ");
double marks = scanner.nextDouble();
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Student student = new Student(name, marks);
student.displayResult();
}
}

Scenario: This program takes student details (name and marks), calculates their grade, and displays
the result.

459. Hotel Reservation System

java

import java.util.*;

class Room {
private int roomNumber;
private boolean isBooked;

public Room(int roomNumber) {

this.roomNumber = roomNumber;
this.isBooked = false;
}

public int getRoomNumber() {

return roomNumber;
}

public boolean isBooked() {

return isBooked;
}

public void bookRoom() {

isBooked = true;
}

public void releaseRoom() {

isBooked = false;
}
}

class Hotel {
private List<Room> rooms;

public Hotel(int totalRooms) {

rooms = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 1; i <= totalRooms; i++) {
rooms.add(new Room(i));
}
}

public void bookRoom(int roomNumber) {

for (Room room : rooms) {
if (room.getRoomNumber() == roomNumber && !room.isBooked()) {
room.bookRoom();
System.out.println("Room " + roomNumber + " has been booked.");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("Room " + roomNumber + " is either already booked or does not
exist.");
}

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public void releaseRoom(int roomNumber) {
for (Room room : rooms) {
if (room.getRoomNumber() == roomNumber && room.isBooked()) {
room.releaseRoom();
System.out.println("Room " + roomNumber + " has been released.");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("Room " + roomNumber + " is either not booked or does not exi
st.");
}

public void showAvailableRooms() {

System.out.println("Available Rooms:");
for (Room room : rooms) {
if (!room.isBooked()) {
System.out.println("Room " + room.getRoomNumber());
}
}
}
}

public class HotelReservationSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Hotel hotel = new Hotel(5);
hotel.showAvailableRooms();
hotel.bookRoom(2);
hotel.showAvailableRooms();
hotel.releaseRoom(2);
hotel.showAvailableRooms();
}
}

Scenario: This program simulates a hotel reservation system, where users can book and release
rooms.

These programs cover a range of real-world scenarios and can be enhanced with additional features
depending on the requirements. Let me know if you need any modifications or additional examples!

Here are some more real-world scenario-based Java programs:

460. Employee Management System

java

import java.util.*;

class Employee {
private int id;
private String name;
private double salary;

public Employee(int id, String name, double salary) {

this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
}

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public int getId() {
return id;
}

public String getName() {

return name;
}

public double getSalary() {

return salary;
}

public void updateSalary(double newSalary) {

this.salary = newSalary;
}

public void displayInfo() {

System.out.println("Employee ID: " + id);
System.out.println("Employee Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Employee Salary: $" + salary);
}
}

class EmployeeManagementSystem {
private List<Employee> employees;

public EmployeeManagementSystem() {
employees = new ArrayList<>();
}

public void addEmployee(Employee employee) {

employees.add(employee);
}

public void removeEmployee(int id) {

employees.removeIf(emp -> emp.getId() == id);
}

public void displayEmployees() {

for (Employee employee : employees) {
employee.displayInfo();
System.out.println("------");
}
}
}

public class EmployeeSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {
EmployeeManagementSystem system = new EmployeeManagementSystem();

Employee emp1 = new Employee(101, "John Doe", 5000);

Employee emp2 = new Employee(102, "Jane Smith", 6000);

system.addEmployee(emp1);
system.addEmployee(emp2);

system.displayEmployees();

emp1.updateSalary(5500);
system.displayEmployees();
}
}

Scenario: This program simulates an employee management system where employees can be
added, removed, and their information (name, ID, salary) can be updated.

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461. Online Voting System

java

import java.util.*;

class Candidate {
private String name;
private int votes;

public Candidate(String name) {

this.name = name;
this.votes = 0;
}

public String getName() {

return name;
}

public void addVote() {

votes++;
}

public int getVotes() {

return votes;
}
}

class VotingSystem {
private List<Candidate> candidates;

public VotingSystem(List<String> candidateNames) {

candidates = new ArrayList<>();
for (String name : candidateNames) {
candidates.add(new Candidate(name));
}
}

public void vote(String candidateName) {

for (Candidate candidate : candidates) {
if (candidate.getName().equals(candidateName)) {
candidate.addVote();
System.out.println("Voted for " + candidateName);
return;
}
}
System.out.println("Invalid candidate!");
}

public void displayVotes() {

for (Candidate candidate : candidates) {
System.out.println(candidate.getName() + ": " + candidate.getVotes() + " vot
es");
}
}

public void getWinner() {

Candidate winner = candidates.get(0);
for (Candidate candidate : candidates) {
if (candidate.getVotes() > winner.getVotes()) {
winner = candidate;
}
}
System.out.println("The winner is: " + winner.getName());
}
}

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public class OnlineVotingSystem {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> candidateNames = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie");
VotingSystem system = new VotingSystem(candidateNames);

system.vote("Alice");
system.vote("Bob");
system.vote("Alice");
system.vote("Charlie");
system.vote("Alice");

system.displayVotes();
system.getWinner();
}
}

Scenario: This program simulates an online voting system where users can vote for their preferred
candidate, and the winner is determined after all votes are cast.

462. ATM System

java

import java.util.Scanner;

class ATM {
private double balance;

public ATM() {
this.balance = 10000.0;
}

public void deposit(double amount) {

balance += amount;
System.out.println("Deposited: $" + amount);
}

public void withdraw(double amount) {

if (amount > balance) {
System.out.println("Insufficient balance!");
} else {
balance -= amount;
System.out.println("Withdrawn: $" + amount);
}
}

public void checkBalance() {

System.out.println("Your balance is: $" + balance);
}
}

public class ATMSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
ATM atm = new ATM();
int option;

do {
System.out.println("1. Deposit");
System.out.println("2. Withdraw");
System.out.println("3. Check Balance");
System.out.println("4. Exit");
System.out.print("Choose an option: ");

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option = scanner.nextInt();

switch (option) {
case 1:
System.out.print("Enter deposit amount: ");
double depositAmount = scanner.nextDouble();
atm.deposit(depositAmount);
break;
case 2:
System.out.print("Enter withdrawal amount: ");
double withdrawAmount = scanner.nextDouble();
atm.withdraw(withdrawAmount);
break;
case 3:
atm.checkBalance();
break;
case 4:
System.out.println("Thank you for using the ATM.");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Invalid option. Try again.");
}
} while (option != 4);
}
}

Scenario: This program simulates an ATM system where users can deposit money, withdraw money,
and check their balance.

463. Grocery Store Billing System

java

import java.util.*;

class Item {
private String name;
private double price;

public Item(String name, double price) {

this.name = name;
this.price = price;
}

public String getName() {

return name;
}

public double getPrice() {

return price;
}
}

class BillingSystem {
private List<Item> items;

public BillingSystem() {
items = new ArrayList<>();
}

public void addItem(Item item) {

items.add(item);
}

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public void generateBill() {
double total = 0;
System.out.println("------ Grocery Bill ------");
for (Item item : items) {
System.out.println(item.getName() + " - $" + item.getPrice());
total += item.getPrice();
}
System.out.println("-------------------------");
System.out.println("Total Amount: $" + total);
}
}

public class GroceryStoreBillingSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {
BillingSystem billingSystem = new BillingSystem();

Item item1 = new Item("Apple", 1.5);

Item item2 = new Item("Banana", 0.8);
Item item3 = new Item("Milk", 2.3);

billingSystem.addItem(item1);
billingSystem.addItem(item2);
billingSystem.addItem(item3);

billingSystem.generateBill();
}
}

Scenario: This program simulates a grocery store's billing system, where items are added to the
cart, and the total amount is calculated.

464. Bus Reservation System

java

import java.util.*;

class Bus {
private int busNumber;
private int totalSeats;
private int availableSeats;

public Bus(int busNumber, int totalSeats) {

this.busNumber = busNumber;
this.totalSeats = totalSeats;
this.availableSeats = totalSeats;
}

public int getBusNumber() {

return busNumber;
}

public void reserveSeats(int seats) {

if (seats <= availableSeats) {
availableSeats -= seats;
System.out.println("Seats reserved: " + seats);
} else {
System.out.println("Not enough seats available.");
}
}

public void cancelReservation(int seats) {

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if (availableSeats + seats <= totalSeats) {
availableSeats += seats;
System.out.println("Reservation canceled: " + seats);
} else {
System.out.println("Invalid cancellation request.");
}
}

public void showAvailableSeats() {

System.out.println("Available seats: " + availableSeats);
}
}

public class BusReservationSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Bus bus1 = new Bus(101, 40);
Bus bus2 = new Bus(102, 30);

bus1.reserveSeats(10);
bus2.reserveSeats(5);

bus1.showAvailableSeats();
bus2.showAvailableSeats();

bus1.cancelReservation(5);
bus2.cancelReservation(3);

bus1.showAvailableSeats();
bus2.showAvailableSeats();
}
}

Scenario: This program simulates a bus reservation system where users can reserve and cancel
seats, and check available seats.

These examples illustrate how Java can be applied in various real-world applications, including
banking, voting, transportation, and retail systems. Let me know if you would like more examples or
modifications!

Here is a Java program using built-in methods to demonstrate how various common Java classes
and methods can be utilized.

Program: String Manipulation Using Built-In Methods

java

public class BuiltInMethodsExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// 1. String length() - to get the length of the string

String str = "Hello, Java!";
System.out.println("Length of the string: " + str.length());

// 2. String toUpperCase() - to convert all characters to uppercase

System.out.println("Uppercase: " + str.toUpperCase());

// 3. String toLowerCase() - to convert all characters to lowercase

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System.out.println("Lowercase: " + str.toLowerCase());

// 4. String substring() - to extract a substring from a string

System.out.println("Substring (from index 7): " + str.substring(7));

// 5. String charAt() - to get a character at a specific position

System.out.println("Character at index 5: " + str.charAt(5));

// 6. String contains() - to check if a substring exists in the string

System.out.println("Contains 'Java': " + str.contains("Java"));

// 7. String equals() - to compare two strings for equality

String str2 = "Hello, Java!";
System.out.println("Strings are equal: " + str.equals(str2));

// 8. String replace() - to replace a character or substring in a string

System.out.println("Replace 'Java' with 'World': " + str.replace("Java", "Worl
d"));

// 9. String trim() - to remove leading and trailing spaces

String strWithSpaces = " Hello, World! ";
System.out.println("Trimmed string: '" + strWithSpaces.trim() + "'");

// 10. String split() - to split a string into an array based on a delimiter

String str3 = "apple,banana,orange";
String[] fruits = str3.split(",");
System.out.println("Fruits:");
for (String fruit : fruits) {
System.out.println(fruit);
}

// 11. Math methods: Math.max() and Math.min()

System.out.println("Maximum of 10 and 20: " + Math.max(10, 20));
System.out.println("Minimum of 10 and 20: " + Math.min(10, 20));

// 12. Math.random() - to generate a random number

System.out.println("Random number between 0 and 1: " + Math.random());

// 13. Math.abs() - to get the absolute value of a number

System.out.println("Absolute value of -15: " + Math.abs(-15));

// 14. Arrays.sort() - to sort an array

int[] numbers = {5, 1, 9, 3, 7};
System.out.println("Array before sorting:");
for (int num : numbers) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
System.out.println();
Arrays.sort(numbers);
System.out.println("Array after sorting:");
for (int num : numbers) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
}
}

Explanation of Built-In Methods Used:

1. String Methods:
`length()`:Returns the length of the string.
`toUpperCase()`: Converts the string to uppercase.
`toLowerCase()`: Converts the string to lowercase.
`substring()`: Extracts a substring from a string.

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`charAt()`: Returns the character at the specified index.
`contains()`: Checks if a substring exists in the string.
`equals()`: Compares two strings for equality.
`replace()`: Replaces a specified substring with another.
`trim()`: Removes leading and trailing whitespaces.
`split()`: Splits a string into an array using a delimiter.
2. Math Methods:
`Math.max()`: Returns the maximum of two numbers.
`Math.min()`: Returns the minimum of two numbers.
`Math.random()`: Generates a random number between 0 and 1.
`Math.abs()`: Returns the absolute value of a number.
3. Arrays:
`Arrays.sort()`: Sorts an array of numbers.

Output:

yaml

Length of the string: 13

Uppercase: HELLO, JAVA!
Lowercase: hello, java!
Substring (from index 7): Java!
Character at index 5: ,
Contains 'Java': true
Strings are equal: true
Replace 'Java' with 'World': Hello, World!
Trimmed string: 'Hello, World!'
Fruits:
apple
banana
orange
Maximum of 10 and 20: 20
Minimum of 10 and 20: 10
Random number between 0 and 1: 0.2683312103806078
Absolute value of -15: 15
Array before sorting:
5 1 9 3 7
Array after sorting:
1 3 5 7 9

This program demonstrates how you can use built-in methods in Java for common string
manipulations, mathematical operations, and array handling.

Here’s another Java program that demonstrates different built-in methods from Java’s standard
library for a variety of common tasks. This program showcases additional features such as date
manipulation, list operations, file handling, and more.

Program: Using Built-In Methods for Date, List, and File Handling

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java

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.text.*;

public class BuiltInMethodsAdvancedExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// 1. Date Methods
Date currentDate = new Date();
System.out.println("Current Date and Time: " + currentDate);

// 2. SimpleDateFormat: Formatting a Date

SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy HH:mm:ss");
String formattedDate = formatter.format(currentDate);
System.out.println("Formatted Date: " + formattedDate);

// 3. List Methods
List<String> fruits = new ArrayList<>();
fruits.add("Apple");
fruits.add("Banana");
fruits.add("Cherry");

System.out.println("Original List: " + fruits);

// 4. List remove() - Removes a specific element

fruits.remove("Banana");
System.out.println("List after removing Banana: " + fruits);

// 5. List size() - Getting the size of the list

System.out.println("Size of the List: " + fruits.size());

// 6. List contains() - Checking if an element exists in the list

System.out.println("Does the list contain 'Apple'? " + fruits.contains("Appl
e"));

// 7. List get() - Accessing an element by index

System.out.println("Element at index 1: " + fruits.get(1));

// 8. File Handling: Writing to a file

try {
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("example.txt");
writer.write("This is an example of file handling in Java.\n");
writer.write("We are using built-in methods for writing to files.");
writer.close();
System.out.println("Data written to file successfully.");
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("An error occurred while writing to the file.");
e.printStackTrace();
}

// 9. File Handling: Reading from a file

try {
FileReader reader = new FileReader("example.txt");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(reader);
String line;
System.out.println("\nReading from file:");
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
bufferedReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("An error occurred while reading from the file.");
e.printStackTrace();
}

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// 10. Arrays.asList() - Convert array to list
String[] colorArray = {"Red", "Green", "Blue"};
List<String> colorList = Arrays.asList(colorArray);
System.out.println("\nConverted Array to List: " + colorList);

// 11. Arrays.equals() - Compare two arrays

String[] array1 = {"Java", "Python", "C"};
String[] array2 = {"Java", "Python", "C"};
System.out.println("\nArrays are equal: " + Arrays.equals(array1, array2));

// 12. Collections.sort() - Sorting a list

Collections.sort(fruits);
System.out.println("Sorted List: " + fruits);

// 13. String join() - Joining elements of a list into a string

String joinedFruits = String.join(", ", fruits);
System.out.println("Joined Fruits: " + joinedFruits);

// 14. String format() - Formatting strings

String formattedString = String.format("Formatted String: %s - %d", "Java", 10
1);
System.out.println(formattedString);
}
}

Explanation of Built-In Methods Used:

1. Date Methods:
`Date()`:
Creates a Date object representing the current date and time.
`SimpleDateFormat()`: Formats a Date object into a readable string format.
2. List Methods (ArrayList):
àdd()`:Adds elements to the list.
`remove()`:Removes a specific element from the list.
`size()`: Returns the size of the list.
`contains()`: Checks if a specific element is present in the list.
`get()`: Retrieves an element from the list based on its index.
3. File Handling (File I/O):
`FileWriter()`:
Writes text data to a file.
`BufferedReader()`: Reads text data from a file line by line.
`write()`: Writes data to the file.
`close()`: Closes the file after reading/writing.
4. Arrays Methods:
Àrrays.asList()`:
Converts an array into a list.
Àrrays.equals()`: Compares two arrays for equality.
5. Collections Methods:
`Collections.sort()`: Sorts a list in ascending order.
6. String Methods:
`String.join()`:Joins multiple strings or elements from a collection into a single string.
`String.format()`: Formats strings using specified format specifiers.

Output:

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mathematica

Current Date and Time: Wed Dec 25 14:20:14 UTC 2024

Formatted Date: 25/12/2024 14:20:14
Original List: [Apple, Banana, Cherry]
List after removing Banana: [Apple, Cherry]
Size of the List: 2
Does the list contain 'Apple'? true
Element at index 1: Cherry
Data written to file successfully.

Reading from file:

This is an example of file handling in Java.
We are using built-in methods for writing to files.

Converted Array to List: [Red, Green, Blue]

Arrays are equal: true
Sorted List: [Apple, Cherry]
Joined Fruits: Apple, Cherry
Formatted String: Java - 101

Key Points:

This program demonstrates a wide range of Java's built-in methods, including date formatting,
list operations, file handling, and array manipulations.
It also covers how to sort a list, convert an array to a list, and format strings.
The use of file handling methods such as `FileWriter`, `BufferedReader`, and others is shown
to read from and write to files, illustrating practical file operations in Java.

This code illustrates how powerful Java's built-in methods can be for a variety of common tasks, such
as working with data, lists, and files. Let me know if you'd like more examples or explanations!

In Java, the `import` statement is used to include classes or entire packages in a Java program. This
allows you to use the classes and methods from external libraries and packages without needing to
specify their full path every time you reference them. Here's a breakdown of the `import` statement
from basic to intermediate levels:

1. Importing a Single Class (Basic)

To import a specific class, you use the `import` statement followed by the full path of the class. For
example, if you want to use the `Scanner` class from the `java.util` package to read user input:

java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BasicImportExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); // Using the imported Scanner class
System.out.print("Enter your name: ");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("Hello, " + name + "!");

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}
}

Explanation:

`import java.util.Scanner;` tells the compiler to import the `Scanner` class from the
`java.util` package so it can be used in the program.
Without this import, you'd have to use the full class path, like `java.util.Scanner`.

2. Importing All Classes from a Package (Intermediate)

You can import all the classes from a package using a wildcard (`*`). For example, if you want to use
many classes from the `java.util` package, you can import them all at once:

java

import java.util.*;

public class IntermediateImportExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); // Using the imported Scanner class
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int number = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("You entered: " + number);

List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(); // Using the ArrayList from java.util

list.add("Java");
list.add("Python");
list.add("C++");

System.out.println("Languages: " + list);

}
}

Explanation:

`import java.util.*;` imports all the classes from the `java.util` package. This is convenient
when you need multiple classes from the same package, but it’s generally not recommended if
you’re only using one or two classes, as it might increase memory usage or import
unnecessary classes.

3. Importing Static Members (Intermediate)

If you want to import static members (fields or methods) of a class, you can use the `import static`
statement. This is particularly useful when you want to avoid qualifying static members with the
class name.

For example, the `Math` class has static methods like `Math.pow()` or `Math.sqrt()`. You can import
these methods statically:

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java

import static java.lang.Math.pow;

import static java.lang.Math.sqrt;

public class StaticImportExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
double result1 = pow(2, 3); // Using the imported pow method without class name
double result2 = sqrt(16); // Using the imported sqrt method

System.out.println("2^3 = " + result1);

System.out.println("sqrt(16) = " + result2);
}
}

Explanation:

`import static java.lang.Math.pow;` imports the `pow` method of the `Math` class so it can be
used directly without the class name.
Similarly, `import static java.lang.Math.sqrt;` imports the `sqrt` method of the `Math` class.

4. Importing Classes with Same Name from Different Packages (Intermediate)

If you want to use two classes with the same name from different packages, Java allows you to
import them with fully qualified names.

For example, if you want to use both `Vector` classes from `java.util` and `java.awt`:

java

import java.util.Vector;
import java.awt.Vector;

public class ConflictingImportExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector<Integer> intVector = new Vector<>();
intVector.add(10);
intVector.add(20);

// Here you can use the java.util.Vector without conflict

System.out.println("Vector from java.util: " + intVector);
}
}

Explanation:

`import java.util.Vector;` imports the `Vector` class from the `java.util` package.
`import java.awt.Vector;` imports the `Vector` class from the `java.awt` package.
In this case, you can choose which one to use in your code. However, this approach is rare, as
typically, classes with the same name in different packages are avoided.

5. Fully Qualified Class Names (Advanced)

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In some cases, you may choose to avoid using the `import` statement and instead use the full path
of the class directly in the code. This is generally not recommended for readability and
maintainability reasons but is occasionally used for clarity.

Example:

java

public class FullyQualifiedClassExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
java.util.Scanner scanner = new java.util.Scanner(System.in); // Fully qualifie
d class name
System.out.print("Enter your age: ");
int age = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("You are " + age + " years old.");
}
}

Explanation:

Here, instead of importing `Scanner`, we directly reference `java.util.Scanner` whenever we

need to use it.

Summary of Import Types:

1. Single Class Import:

ìmport java.util.Scanner;` - Importing a single class from a package.
2. Wildcard Import:
ìmport java.util.*;` - Importing all classes from a package.
3. Static Import:
ìmport static java.lang.Math.pow;` - Importing static members of a class.
4. Handling Name Conflicts:
Use fully qualified class names if you want to import classes with the same name from
different packages.
5. Fully Qualified Class Names:
No ìmport` statement, instead use the full class name in the code.

These examples cover the most common ways to use the `import` statement in Java from basic to
intermediate levels.

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