Q .1 What is React and how can you best describe it?

1.JavaScript library to build Dynamic and interactive user interfaces

2. Developed at Facebook in 2011.
3. Currently most widely used JS library for front-end development.
4. Used to create single page application (page does not re-load).
Q.2 What is JSX?
JSX is a syntax extension for JavaScript that allows you to write HTML-like code
within JavaScript, primarily used in React to describe UI components.

Q.3What is the virtual DOM and how is it used by React?

The virtual DOM is a lightweight, in-memory representation of the real DOM.
React uses it to efficiently update the UI by:
1. Creating a Virtual DOM: React creates a virtual copy of the real DOM in
memory.
2. Diffing: When the state of a component changes, React compares the
new virtual DOM with the previous one to identify changes (diffing).
3. Updating the Real DOM: React updates only the parts of the real DOM
that changed, minimizing costly DOM manipulations and improving
performance.
This process allows React to manage updates efficiently, leading to faster and
more optimized rendering.
Q.4 What are some of the advantages of doing it this way?
Using the virtual DOM offers several advantages:
1. Performance Optimization: Only the parts of the DOM that have
changed are updated, reducing costly DOM manipulations.
2. Efficient Reconciliation: React's diffing algorithm quickly identifies
changes and applies updates, enhancing rendering efficiency.
3. Declarative UI: Developers can describe what the UI should look like, and
React handles the how, simplifying complex UI updates.
 4. Cross-Platform Consistency: The virtual DOM abstraction ensures
consistent behavior across different browsers and platforms.
5. Improved Developer Experience: Easier debugging and testing due to
predictable and isolated component behavior.
These advantages contribute to faster, more efficient, and maintainable web
application
Q.5 What are some of the disadvantages
Some disadvantages of React include its steep learning curve, frequent
updates, and large bundle size for complex applications.
Q.6 What is the difference between controlled and uncontrolled
components?
Controlled Components:
• State Management: Form data is handled by the React component's
state.
• Example: <input value={this.state.value} onChange={this.handleChange}
/>
• Pros: Easier to manage and validate, as the state is always in sync with
the input value.
• Cons: More boilerplate code due to state management.
Uncontrolled Components:
• State Management: Form data is handled by the DOM, accessed via refs.
• Example: <input defaultValue="default" ref={this.inputRef} />
• Pros: Simpler code for basic use cases, as the input manages its own
state.
• Cons: Harder to manage and validate, as the state is not directly
controlled by React.
Q.7 What are some of the hooks commonly used in React?
These hooks provide powerful ways to handle state, side effects, context, refs,
and more in React functional components.
Q.8 When focusing on performance in React, pay attention to:
When it comes to performance in React, what do you need to look out for?
1. Rendering Optimization: Minimize re-renders by using React.memo and
shouldComponentUpdate (for class components).
2. State Management: Avoid excessive state updates; batch updates using
useState or useReducer.
3. Component Lifecycle: Use useEffect efficiently; clean up subscriptions
and resources.
4. Avoiding Unnecessary Work: Optimize expensive computations with
useMemo and useCallback.
5. Bundle Size: Reduce unnecessary imports and split large bundles with
code splitting.
6. Network Efficiency: Optimize data fetching; consider using GraphQL or
REST API optimizations.
7. Event Handling: Avoid binding functions within render methods to
prevent re-creating functions unnecessarily.
8. CSS and Styling: Optimize CSS with minification and reduce style
recalculations.
9. Virtualization: Implement virtualized lists (react-virtualized, react-
window) for large datasets.
10.Memory Leaks: Prevent memory leaks with proper cleanup in useEffect
and componentWillUnmount
Q.9 What is useMemo and how does it work?
useMemo is a React hook used for memoizing expensive calculations. It allows
you to optimize performance by caching the result of a function and
recalculating it only when its dependencies change
Q.10 What is useMemo
React.memo is a higher-order component in React that optimizes performance
by memoizing a functional component. It prevents unnecessary re-renders by
re-rendering the component only if its props change.
The useEffect Hook - In function-based components, useEffect handles side
effects like data fetching or event listeners.
2. useEffect runs automatically after every render by default.
3. By providing a dependency array, useEffect will only run when specified
variables change. An empty array means the effect runs once.
4. Multiple useEffect hooks can be used in a single component for organizing
different side effects separately.
Q.11 What is useCallback and how does it work?
useCallback is a React hook that returns a memoized version of a callback
function, which only changes if one of its dependencies has changed. It helps
to optimize performance by preventing unnecessary re-creation of functions,
especially useful when passing callbacks to child components that might
otherwise re-render unnecessarily.
Q.12 How does it differ from useState ?
Local and mutable data within a component.
• Initialized within the component.
• Can change over time.
• Causes re-render when updated.
• Managed using useState in functional components
Q.13 What is the Props
Props: • Passed into a component from its parent.
• Read-only (immutable) within the receiving component.
• Allow parent-to-child component communication.
• Changes in props can also cause a re-render.
Q.14 • What is Context and how does it work?
using React Context, you can effectively manage state and share values across
your application without excessive prop drilling, leading to cleaner and more
maintainable code.
Q.15 What is state management and when is it useful?
State management is crucial in any React application to ensure that the app
behaves as expected and is easy to maintain. Whether using built-in hooks like
useState and useReducer for local state or leveraging context and external
libraries for global state, choosing the right state management strategy is key to
building efficient, scalable, and maintainable applications.
Q.16 What are some examples of state management libraries?
Choosing the right state management library depends on your application’s
complexity, scalability needs, and your team’s familiarity with the library.
Redux is widely adopted for its predictability and robust ecosystem, MobX for
its simplicity and reactivity, Zustand for its minimalistic approach, Recoil for its
scalability and performance, and Jotai for its simplicity and performance. Each
of these libraries offers unique features and benefits, making them suitable for
different types of projects.
Q.17 • What is a good way to test your React applications?
Testing is a crucial part of the development process for ensuring the reliability
and robustness of your React applications. Here are some best practices and
tools for effectively testing React applications:
Types of Tests
1. Unit Tests: Test individual components or functions in isolation.
2. Integration Tests: Test the interaction between components and the
integration of different parts of the application.
3. End-to-End (E2E) Tests: Test the application from the user's perspective,
ensuring that the entire application works correctly.
Tools for Testing React Applications
1. Jest: A popular testing framework developed by Facebook. It includes a
test runner, assertion library, and support for mocking and spies.
2. React Testing Library: A library for testing React components that
encourages best practices by focusing on testing user interactions and
the rendered output rather than implementation details.
3. Cypress: An end-to-end testing framework that provides fast, reliable
testing for web applications.
Best Practices
1. Write Testable Code: Ensure your components and functions are easily
testable. Use dependency injection and avoid side effects in your
components.
2. Test Behavior, Not Implementation: Focus on testing the behavior and
output of your components rather than their internal implementation.
3. Use Descriptive Test Cases: Write clear and descriptive test cases to
make it easy to understand what is being tested and why.