UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PERLIS BRANCH

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS.)

SUSTAINABLE MARINE TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

OCEAN SCIENCE
MRS430

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT:
TIDES

NAME : AYEN OYEN

STUDENT ID : 01156786876 - SINGLE

GROUP : GROUP DEKAN

LECTURER’S NAME : TS. DR. JAMIL BIN TAJAM

DATE OF SUBMISSION : TUNGGU SIR MINTAK <3

1. Plot the tide height at the proper time and day from the harbor tide ecord on the
graph on the following page. Height in the record are all measured above mean lower
water (MLLW) in the harbor. Connect the point with a straight line to produce a tide
curve. Although straight line do not produce the smooth curve like those shown in
Figure 10-2, the record shows tide types and changes.

Harbor Tide Record

Day Time (24 hour) Height (meters)
2400 (0000) 1.2
1 1130 2.1
2200 1.3
0430 2.0
2 1110 1.2
1815 1.7
0320 1.3
3 0955 1.8
1625 1.4
2205 1.7
0720 1.4
4 1345 2.1
2205 1.6
2345 1.8

a) What type of tide is shown on

Day 1 – Diurnal tide
Day 2 – Diurnal tide
Day 3 – Semi tides
Day 4 – Mixed tides
b) The last tidal range in the set is 1.0 meters on day 4.
c) What is the elevation of the mean high water for the 4 days?
1.85 meters.
d) The datum for your curves is mean low lower water (MLLW). You have a small
sailboat that draws 1.7 meter (5 ½ feet), and you wish to sail it through a passage
that is underlain by a certain a rocky reef that is just exposed at MLLW. On what
days and at what time would you sail?
= Day 4 at 1345.

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GRAPH

Graph: Day 1 – day 5 vs Height of waves

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2. Just before midnight on day 5, the harbormaster noticed some unusual event in the
harbor. A more detailed tide record was obtained, which is shown below. Add these
point to day 5 on the tide curve of Question 1.
a) What event is suggested by these supplement data, and what cause these event
to occur?
The event is tsunami because of the rapid rise of water and sudden fall of
water, tsunami happened because of the movement of the sea floor. The
movement of sea floor are caused by faulting, submarine landslide or volcanic
action.

Day Time (24 hour) Height Notes

4 2345 1.8 Last regularly scheduled observation
0000 1.7 Sudden fall of water in harbour
0020 3.1 Rapid rise of water
0035 0.6
5 0048 3.4 Upper limit of tide gauge
0100 0.2 Tide gauge fails – side abandoned

b) which part of the event, the trough or the crest, entered the harbor first?
1.7 m
c) Is the event unusual? If not, how might knowledge of this be of survival value?
Yes, the event is unusual (cause the event happened are tsunami), as the rapid
fall of water and the the rapid rise of water. The different of the height wave are
large, that make the upper limit of tide gauge fails. // No, the event is not
unusual, as the unusual tide happened when the fundamental period (one up
and one down) of the tidal basin or harbor Is qual to the Earth’s tidal period
which is12 hours and 25minutues. As the result,the resonance make the
extreme tidal range occur, this phenomena cause the water to slosh back and
forth frequently with high frequency.

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3. a) Using the travel time diagram in Figure 10 – 7, suggest the time required for a
tsunami generated in the Aleutian Trench to arrive at the following locations:

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 i) Stika, Alaska – 3 hours
ii) Honolulu, Hawaii – 4.6 hours
iii) San Luis Obispo, California – 5.6 hours
iv) Valparaiso, Chile – 18.1 hours

b) What is the average velocity of the tsunami between the Aleutian Trench and
Hawaii, 3600 kilometres distant?
782.60 km/h
[3600/4.6 =782.60km/h]

Between the Aleutian Trench and Valparaiso, Chile 717.12 km/h

[12980km/18.1h = 717.12km/h]

Give a possible explanation for this difference in velocity between the two places.
As the tsunami waves travel at high speed from the deep ocean and thousand
kilometer far, then the waves will encounter the shallower water. Because the
wave was touch the bottom of ocean, so the friction will cause the wave to slow
down. In addition, the difference between the two places are different, as the
wave of tsunami encounter the shallow water, the velocity become decrease.
But, when at deep water, the velocity of the tsunami is increased (Fukuji, n.d.).

c) Estimate the greatest of the tsunami above the tide level.

I. Stika, Alaska – 1.83 meter (6 feet)
II. Honolulu, Hawaii – 1.22 meter (4 feet)
III. San Luis Obispo, California – 2.3 meter – 2.90 meter (9.5 feet)
IV. Valparaiso, Chile – 1.52 meter (5 feet)

d) What was the first evidence of the arrival of the tsunami on the shoreline at
i) Honolulu – was it the trough or crest of the tsunami?
The first evidence of the arrival of the tsunami on the shoreline at Honolulu
was a crest.

ii) What crest in the series did the greatest damage?

The crest in the series is the third crest, that causes the greatest damage.

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4. Figure 10 – 8 shows the contours of water level that were computed on Lake Erie
during a storm on November 8, 1957.
a) In the grid at the bottom of the figure, draw a profile of the computed water level
from Toledo (gauge out of water) to Buffalo.

b) The nodal point is the point of no vertical change and thus represents the mean
level of the lake.
What is the value of the wind setup at Buffalo?
The value of the wind setup at Buffalo are 1.98 meter (6.5 feet).
[578 ft – 571.5 ft = 6.5 ft]

What is the maximum difference in water level between Buffalo and Toledo?
The maximum difference in water level between Buffalo and Toleda are 12 feet.
[578 ft – 566 ft = 12 ft]

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 5. In the water off Southern California a small smeltlike fish, Leuresthes tenuis (the
grunion), exhibits an interesting reproductive strategy finely timed to the tidal cycle.
During spring tides from April to August, grunion come to ashore shortly after the
highest tides (which is occur at night), and the female deposits eggs a few inches deep
in the damp beach sand. The egg are then fertilized by male grunions and are ready
to hatch in 9 – 10 days, but only when the tides water reaches them and they are
agitated by surfacation. When will grunion eggs deposited at full moon on July 3 have
their first opportunity to hatch?
In the range of 12 July to 13 July will be the next high water, as it 10 days after they
laid the egg. In addition, that time were phase from neap tide to spring tide, so when
the maximum spring tide approaches again, the flood tide will erode sand wash the
fertilize grunion egg out to sea.

REFERENCES

Fukuji, T. (n.d.). How does tsunami energy travel across the ocean and how far can tsunamis

waves reach? - International Tsunami Information Center. http://itic.ioc-

unesco.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1164&Itemid=2031#:~

:text=The%20deeper%20the%20water%2C%20the,that%20of%20a%20jet%20aircraf

t.