PROBLEM SET INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING

MACHINE FOUNDATION

1. All heavy machinery should be supported on ________ of sufficient mass and base area to
prevent or minimize the transmission of vibrations. Answer: C
A. Steel foundation B. Wooden foundations
C. Solid foundations D. Soil foundations

2. Foundations mass should be from _______ times the weight of the machinery it is supposed
to support.Answer: A
A. 3 to 5 B. 5 to 7
C. 4 to 6 D. 1 to 2

3. If the unbalanced inertia forces produced by the machine can be calculated, a mass weight
equal to ________ times the forces should be used to dampen vibration.Answer: C
A. 2 to 4 B. 5 to 6
C. 10 to 20 D. 10 to 15

4. For stability, the total combined engine, driven equipment, and foundation center of gravity
must be kept ________ the foundation’s top.Answer: B
A. Above B. Below
C. 1 m D. None of these

5. The machine foundation must have a factor safety of________Answer: C

A. 3 B. 4
C. 5 D. 6

6. Foundations should be isolated from floor slabs or building footings at least ________ mm
around its perimeter to eliminate transmission vibration.Answer: B
A. 20 B. 23
C. 30 D. 35

7. Foundations are preferably built of concrete in the proportion of ________Answer: D

A. 1:2:3 B. 1:3:3
C. 1:2:5 D. 1:2:4

8. The machine should not be placed on the foundation until 7 days have elapsed or operated
until another ________ days have passed.Answer: B
A. 6 B. 7
C. 8 D. 10
9. Concrete foundations should have steel bar reinforcements placed both vertically and
horizontally, to avoid ________Answer: B
A. Damaging B. Thermal cracking
C. Superheating D. Superposing
10. The weight of reinforced steel in a foundation should be from ________ of the weight of the
foundation.Answer: A
A. ½% to 1% B. 1% to 2%
C. 2% to 3% D. 3% to 4%

11. Foundation bolts of specified size should be used and surrounded by a pipe sleeve with an
inside diameter of at least ________ times the diameter of the anchor bolt.Answer: C
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4

12. Foundation bolts length should be at least ________ times the diameter of the anchor
bolt.Answer: D
A. 12 B. 14
C. 16 D. 18

13. No foundation bolts shall be less than ________ mm diameterAnswer: B

A. 10 B. 12
C. 14 D. 16

14. Machine should be leveled by driving wedges between the machine’s base and concrete
foundation and with the aid of a ________.Answer: C
A. Hose and water B. Try square
C. Spirit level D. Level hose

15. Grouting all spaces under the machine bed with a thin mixture of one part cement and
________ part sand.Answer: A
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4

16. For foundation of stacks, the maximum pressure on the soil is ________ to the pressure due
to weight and wind movement.Answer: C
A. More than B. Less than
C. Equal D. None of the above

17. Guyed stacks seldom exceed 1.83 m diameter and ________ m high.Answer: A
A. 32.45 B. 36.34
C. 43.23 D. 30.48

18. The angle between the stacks and the guy wire usually ________ degrees. Answer: B
A. 45 B. 60
C. 75 D. 90

19. The angle between wires in a set is ________ degrees for a set of three.Answer: D
A. 90 B. 100
C. 110 D. 120

20. The maximum unit pressure of turbine and generator on the reinforced concrete should not
exceed ________ kg/cm2. Answer: A
A. 17.62 B. 15.34
C. 19.34 D. 21.34

21. For steam turbine foundations the concrete mixture should beAnswer: B
A. 1:2:3 B. 1:2:4
C. 1:3:5 D. 1:2:2

22. The steam turbine foundations should be designed to support the machine load plus
________ for iMPact, condenser load, floor loads and dead loads.Answer: C
A. 10% B. 15%
C. 25% D. 50%

23. For diesel engines foundation the concrete mixture must be 1:2:4, and the broken stone or
gravel must have a size of ________ mm maximum. Answer: C
A. 20 B. 40
C. 50 D. 60

24. In pouring a concrete mixture for foundation of diesel engine, it should be poured ________
times.Answer: A
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4

25. After pouring the foundation of diesel engine, the tops should be covered and wet down
twice daily until the forms are removed at the end of the ________ day.Answer: A
A. Third of fourth B. Second or third
C. Fourth or fifth D. None of these

26. The diesel engine should not be placed on the foundation until 10 days have elapsed, nor
operated until after another ________ days.Answer: D
A. 7 B. 8
C. 9 D. 10

27. The safe soul bearing pressure of diesel engine foundations isAnswer: B
A. 2,600 kg/cm2 B. 4,890 kg/cm2
C. 5,633 kg/cm2 D. 2000 kg/cm2
28. The foundation depth may be taken as good practical rule, to be ________ times the engine
stroke.Answer: B
A. 2.3 to 4.5 B. 3.2 to 4.2
C. 3.2 to 5.2 D. 5.2 to 6.2
29. Anchor bolts should be embedded in concrete of at least ________ times the bolt
diameter.Answer: C
A. 10 B. 20
C. 30 D. 40

30. What is the required base area of the foundation to support an engine with specified speed
of 1200 rpm and weight of 9,000 kg? Assume bearing capacity of soil as 47.867 kPa.
Use e = 0.11Answer: A
A. 5.57 m2 B. 8.87 m2
C. 7.75 m2 D. 10.5 m2

31. A foundation measures 3m x 4m x 5m. Find the yd 3 of stone needed for a concrete mixture
of 1:2:4.Answer: D
A. 65.34 B. 56.45
C. 78.48 D. 69

32. A foundation measures 10ft x 12 ft 15 ft. Find the number of sacks of cement needed for
1:2:4. MixtureAnswer: B
A. 300 B. 400
C. 350 D. 450

33. A machine foundation has a trapezoidal cross-sectional with bases of 2m and 3m. The
height is 1.5 m and foundation length of 4m. Find the required yd3 of sand to be used for 1:2:4
mixture.Answer: D
A. 7.33 B. 12.4
C. 9.34 D. 8.63

34. A foundation has a weight equal to 4 times the weight of the engine. The safe bearing
pressure of soil is 60 kPa and the foundation has a base dimension of 2m x 4m. Find the
maximum weight of the engine to be mounted.Answer: C
A. 8,234 kg B. 6,455 kg
C. 9,736 kg D. 12,344 kg

35. A rectangular foundation cross-section has a bed plate dimension of 4 ft x 8 ft. The uniform
clearance on each side is 1 ft. The height of foundation is 2.5 ft. If the weight of the steel bar
reinforcements needed is ½% of weight of foundation, find the weight of steel bars. Use
concrete density of 2400 kg/m3.Answer: A
A. 51 kg B. 45 kg
C. 65 kg D. 76 kg
HEAT TRANSFER

1. A 15 cm thick wall has a thermal conductivity of 5W /m-°K. If inside and outside surface
temperature of the wall are 200°C and 20°C, respectively. Determine the heat
transmitted.Answer: A
A. 5.67 KW/m2 B. 4.68 KW/m2
C. 8.87 KW/m2 D. 6.87 KW/m2

2. Two walls of cold storage plant are composed of an insulating material (l = 0.25 KJ/hr-m-°C),
100 mm thick at the outer layer and material (l = 3.5 KJ/hr-m-°C), 15 cm thick at inner layer. If
the surface temperature at cold side is 30°C and hot side is 250°C, find the heat transmitted per
square meter.Answer: A
A. 0.138 KW/m2 B. 0.450 KW/m2
2
C. 0.025 KW/m D. 0.065 KW/m2

3. Sea water for cooling enters a condenser at 27°C and leaves at 37°C. The condenser
temperature is 45°C, what is the log mean temperature difference?Answer: B
A. 50.65°C B. 12.33°C
C. 37.82°C D. 80.54°C

4. Determine the thermal conductivity of a material that uses a 2 m 2 test panel, 25 mm thick
with a temperature difference of 10.8°F between the surfaces. During the 5 hours test period,
the heat transmitted is 200 kJ.Answer: C
A. 0.045 W/m-°K B. 0.560 W/m-°K
C. 0.023 W/m-°K D. 0.370 W/m-°K

5. A steam pipe having a surface temperature of 200 °C passes through a room where the
temperature is 27°C. The outside diameter of pipe is 80 mm and emissivity factor is 0.8
Calculate the radiated heat loss for 3 m pipe length.Answer: A
A. 1434.47 W B. 2746.35 W
C. 2756.57 W D. 3546.45 W

6. A counter flow heat exchanger is designed to heat fuel oil from 30°C to 90°C while the
heating fluid enters at 140°C at 105°C. Determine the arithmetic mean temperature
difference.Answer: B
A. 72.5°C B. 62.5°C
C. 45.5°C D. 67.5°C

7. A heat exchanger has an overall coefficient of heat transfer of 0.50 KW/m 2-°C. Heat loss is 11
KW and the mean temperature difference is 15°C. What is the heat transfer are in ft2?
Answer: D
A. 51.80 ft2 B. 37.30 ft2
C. 56.80 ft2 D. 15.80 ft2
8. Brine enters a circulating brine cooler at the rate of 60 m3/hr at -10°C and leaves at -16°C.
Specific heat of brine is 1.072 KJ/kg-°K and specific gravity of 1.1. Determine the tons of
refrigeration. Answer: C
A. 53.5 TR B. 65.3TR
C. 33.5 TR D. 44.5 TR

9. A heat exchanger has a hot gas temperature of 300°C and surface conductance on hot side is
200 W/m2-°K. If heat transmitted is 1000 W/m2, what is the surface temperature on the wall at
hot side?Answer: A
A. 295°C B. 465°C
C. 234°C D. 354°C

10. A heat exchanger is to be designed for the following specifications:

Hot gas temperature, 1145°C
Cold gas temperature is 45°C
Unit surface conductance on the hot side, 230 W/m2-°K
Unit surface conductance on the cold side, 290 W/m2-°K
Thermal conductivity of the metal wall, 115 W/m-°K
Find the maximum thickNess of metal wall between the hot gas and cold gas, so that the
maximum temperature of the wall does not exceed 545°C.Answer: C
A. 10 mm B. 30mm
C. 20mm D. 40mm

11. An uninsulated steam pipe passes through a room in which the air and walls are at 25°C.
The outside diameter of the pipe is 70 mm, and its surface temperature and emissivity are
200°C and 0.80, respectively. If the coefficient associated with free convection heat transfer
from the surface to the air is 15 W/m2-°K, what is the rate of heat loss from the surface per unit
length of pipe? Answer: A
A. 998 W/m2 B. 872 W/m2
C. 762 w/m2 D. 422 w/m2

12. A turbo-charged, 16 cylinder, Vee-type diesel engine has an air consumption of 3,000 kg/hr
per cylinder at rated load and speed. This air is drawn in through a filter by a centrifugal
compressor directly connected to the exhaust gas turbine. The temperature of the air from the
compressor is 145°C and a counter flow air cooler reduces the air temperature to 45°C before it
goes to the engine suction header. Cooling water enters air cooler at 30°C and leaves at 38°C.
Calculate the log mean temperature difference.Answer: A
A. 47°C B. 87°C
C. 34°C D. 65°C

13. A turbo-charged, 16 cylinder, Vee type diesel engine has an air consumption of 3,000 kg/her
per cylinder at rated load and speed. This air is drawn in through a filter by a centrifugal
compressor directly connected to the exhaust gas turbine. The temperature of the air from the
compressor is 145°C and a counter flow air cooler reduces the air temperature to 45°C before it
goes to the engine suction header. Cooling water enters air cooler at 30°C and leaves at 38°C.
Calculate the quantity of cooling water in m3/hr required to cool the total requirements of the
engine at rated load and speed.Answer: A
A. 144 B. 136
C. 123 D. 165

14. An oil heater heats 100 kg per minute of oil from 35°C to 100°C in a counter flow heat
exchanger. The average specific heat of the oil is 2.5KJ/kg-°C. Exhaust gases used for heating
enter the heater with an average specific heat of 1 KJ/kg-°C, a mass flow rate of 250 kg/min and
an initial temperature of 200°C. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 75 W/m2-°C. Determine
heating surface in square meters.Answer: D
A. 30 B. 63
C. 40 D. 36

15. A surface condenser serving a 50,000 KW steam turbo-generator unit receives exhaust
steam at the rate of 196,000 kg/hr. Vacuum in condenser is 702 mm Hg. Sea water for cooling
enters at 29.5°C and leaves at 37.5°C. For steam turbine condensed as heat given up to cooling
water. Calculate logarithmic mean temperature difference in °F.Answer: C
A. 10 B. 14
C. 12 D. 16

16. A surface condenser serving a 50,000 KW steam turbo-generator unit receives exhaust
steam at the rate of 196,000 kg/hr. Vacuum in condenser is 702 mm Hg. Sea water for cooling
enters at 29.5°C and leaves at 37.5°C. For steam turbine condenser design, manufacturers
consider 950 Btu/lb of steam turbine condensed as heat given up to cooling water. Calculate
the required quantity of cooling water in cubic meters per hour.Answer: D
A. 10,374 B. 12,445
C. 11,345 D. 13,509

17. Calculate the energy transfer rate across 6” wall of firebrick with a temperature differences
across the wall of 50°C. The thermal conductivity of the firebrick is 0.95 Btu/hr-ft-°F at the
temperature interest.Answer: B
A. 285 W/m2 B. 369 W/m2
C. 112 W/m2 D. 429 W/m2

18. Water is flowing in a pipe with radius of 25.4 cm at a velocity of 5m/sec at the temperature
in the pipe. The density and viscosity of the water are as follows: density = 997.9 kg/sec,
viscosity = 1.131 Pa-s. What is the Reynolds Number for this situation?Answer: A
A. 2241 B. 96.2
C. 3100 D. 1140

19. The hot combustion gases of a furnace are separated from the ambient air and its
surrounding, which are at 25°C, by a brick wall 0.15 m thick. The brick has a thermal
conductivity of 1.2 W/m-°K and surface emissivity of 0.8. Under steady state conditions and
outer surface temperature of 100°C is measured. Free convection heat transfer to the air
adjoining this surface is characterized by a convection coefficient of 20W/m2-°K. What is the
brick inner surface temperature in °C? Answer: B
A. 623.7 B. 352.5
C. 461.4 D. 256.3

20. Steam initially saturated at 2.05 MPa, passes through a 10.10 cm standard steel pipe for a
total distance of 152 m. The steam line is insulated with a 5.08 cm thickNess of 85%
magnesia. For an ambient temperature of 22°C, what is the quality of the steam which
arises at its destination if the mass flow rate is 0.125 kg steam per second?
Properties of steam:
Pressure = 2.05 Temperature = 213.67
Enthalpy: hf = 914.52 hfg = 1885.5
hg = 28000.0
k for 85% magnesia = 0.069 W/m-°K
fo for still air = 9.36 W/m-°KAnswer: A
A. 93% B. 98%
C. 84% D. 76%

21. Compute the amount of condensate formed during 10 minutes warm-up of 150 meter pipe
conveys the saturated steam with enthalpy vaporization hfg = 1,947.8 LJ/kg.The minimum
external temperature of pipe is 2°C. The final temperature of pipe is 195°C. The specific heat of
pipe material is 0.6 KJ/kg-°C. The specific weight is 28 kg/m.Answer: C
A. 249.69 kg B. 982.45 kg
C. 294.54 kg D. 423.45 kg

22. What is the heat transfer in the glass surface area of 0.7 m2 having an inside temperature
(room) of 23°C and 13°C outside temperature (surrounding). The thickness of glass surface is
0.0007 m. The thermal conductivity is 1.8 W/m-°K.Answer: D
A. 5.8 kW B. 3.6 kW
C. 6.2 kW D. 2.34 kW

AIR COMPRESSOR

1. An air compressor takes air at 100 kPa and discharges to 600 kPa. If the volume flow of
discharge is 1.2 m3/sec, determine the capacity of air compressor.Answer: A
A. 4.32 m3/sec B. 3.33 m3/sec
C. 6.85 m3/sec D. 7.42m3/sec

2. The discharge pressure of an air compressor is 5 times the suction pressure. If volume flow of
suction is 0.1 m3/sec, what is the compressor power assuming n = 1.35 and suction pressure is
98 KPa?Answer: B
A. 21.67 kW B. 19.57 kW
C. 25.87 kW D. 10.45 kW
3. A 10 Hp motor is used to drive an air compressor. The compressor efficiency is 75%.
Determine the compressor work.Answer: A
A. 6.0 kW B. 6.5 kW
C. 7.6 kW D. 5.6 kW

4. The initial condition of air in an air compressor is 98 KPa and 27°C and discharges air at 400
kPa. The bore and stroke are 355 mm and 381 mm, respectively with percent clearance of 5%
running at 300 rpm. Find the volume of air at suction.Answer: C
A. 600 m3/hr B. 610 m3/hr
C. 620 m3/hr D. 630 m3/hr

5. An air compressor has a suction volume of 0.25 m 3/sec at 97 kPa and discharges to 650 kPa,
how much power saved by the compressor if there are two stages?Answer: A
A. 8.27 kW B. 6.54 kW
C. 3.86 kW D. 10.0 kW

6. The suction condition of an air is 98 KPa, 27°C and 0.2 m3/sec. If the surrounding air is 100
KPa and 20°C, determine the free air capacity in m3/sec.Answer: B
A. 0.15 B. 0.19
C. 0.25 D. 0.23

7. A 355 mm x 381 mm air compressor has a piston displacement of 0.1885 m3/sec. Determine
the operating speed of the compressor.Answer: B
A. 250 rpm B. 300 rpm
C. 350 rpm D. 600 rpm

8. Determine the percent clearance of an air compressor having 87% volumetric efficiency and
compressor air pressure to be thrice the suction pressure.Answer: D
A. 5% B. 7%
C. 15% D. 11%

9. The compressor work of an air compressor is 100 KW. If the piston speed is 15 m 3/min,
determine the mean effective pressure.Answer: C
A. 200 KPa B. 300 KPa
C. 400 KPa D. 600 KPa

10. A double acting air compressor has 16 in x 7 in, 600 rpm has what volume displacement?
Answer: D
A. 688 ft3/min B. 755 ft3/min
C. 488 ft3/min D. 977 ft3/min

11. A two-stage air compressor has a suction pressure of 14 psi and discharge pressure of 130
psig. What is the intercooler pressure in KPag.Answer: A
A. 209 KPag B. 600 KPag
C. 477 KPag D. 300 KPag

12. A two stage air compressor has an intercooler pressure of 3 kg/cm2. What is the discharge
pressure if suction pressure is 1kg/cm2?Answer: B
A. 3 kg/cm2 B. 9kg/cm2
2
C. 23 kg/cm D. 15 kg/cm2

13. The piston speed of an air compressor is 140 m/min and has a volume displacement of
0.2m3/sec. Determine the diameter of compressor cylinder.Answer: C
A. 500 mm B. 358 mm
C. 467 mm D. 246 mm

14. An air compressor piston displacement is 5000 cm3 when operates at 900 rpm and
volumetric efficiency of 75%/ Determine the mass flow of air standard density.Answer: B
A. 365.3 kg/hr B. 243.5 kg/hr
C. 386 kg/hr D. 465.2 kg/hr

15. A two-stage compressor air at 100 KPa and 22°C discharges to 690 KPa. If intercooler intake
is 105°C, determine the value of n.Answer: C
A. 1.400 B. 1.358
C. 1.345 D. 1.288

16. The piston displacement of a double acting compressor running at 300 rpm is 0.4 m 3/sec. If
bore and stroke are unity, determine the length of stroke.Answer: C
A. 350 mm B. 380 mm
C. 371 mm D. 400 mm

17. An air compressor takes air at 97 kPa at the rate of 0.5 m 3/sec and discharge 500 kPa. If
power input to the compressor is 120 kW, determine the heat loss in the compressor.
Answer: B
A. 26.5 kW B. 18.55 kW
C. 30.45 kW D. 22.36 kW

18. A single acting air compressor has a volumetric efficiency of 87%, operates at 500 rpm. It
takes in air at 100 KPa and 30°C and discharges it at 600 KPa. The air handled is 6m3/min
measured at discharge condition. If compression is isentropic, find mean effective pressure in
KPa.Answer: D
A. 182 B. 983
C. 198 D. 204

19. A single acting reciprocating air compressor has a clearance volume of 10%. Air is received
at 90 kPa and 90.3°C and is discharged at 600 kPa. The compression and expansion are
polytropic with n – 1.28. The pressure drop is 5 kPa at suction port and 10 kPa at discharge
port. The compressor piston displacement is 500 cm3 when operating 900 rpm. Determine the
mass of compressed air in kg/hr.Answer: A
A. 16.76 B. 20.45
C. 98.33 D. 28.23

20. A single acting air compressor operates at 150 rpm with an initial condition of air at 97.9 kPa
and 27°C and discharges the air at 379 kPa to a cylindrical tank. The bore and stroke are 355
mm and 381 mm respectively, with 5% clearance. If the surrounding air is at 100 KPa and 20°C
while the compression and expansion process are PV1.3 = C, determine air capacity,
m3/secAnswer: A
A. 0.0919 B. 2.13
C. 1.23 D. 4.23

21. The piston displacement of a double acting compressor is 0.358 m 3/sec, delivers gas from
101. 325 KPa and 300 °K to 675 KPa at the rate of 0.166 m 3/sec at 150 rpm. Value of n for
compression and expansion is 1.33. Find the compressor percent clearance.Answer: A
A. 16.96 B. 14.23
C. 12.34 D. 18.44

22. The piston displacement of a double acting compressor is 0.358 m 3/sec, delivers gas from
101. 325 KPa and 300 °K to 675 KPa at the rate of 0.166 m 3/sec at 150 rpm. Value of n for
compression and expansion is 1.33. Find the bore and stroke assuming bore = stroke.Answer: D
A. 300 mm B. 400mm
C. 350 mm D. 450 mm

23. A 2-stage, double acting, L-type air compressor 16” x 10” x 7”, 600 rpm, has a free air
unloader at each end for capacity control. It is driven through V-belts by a 150 Hp electric
motor, 460 V, 3 phase, 60 Hz, 1200 rpm. Barometric pressure is 125 psi gage. Calculate piston
displacement in m3/hrAnswer: C
A. 562 m3/hr B. 762 m3/hr
C. 649 m3/hr, 1661 m3/hr D. 833 m3/hr, 724 m3/hr

24. A two-cylinder single-acting air compressor is directly coupled to an electric motor running
at 1000 rpm. Other data are as follows:
Size of each cylinder = 150 mm x 200 mm
Clearance volume = 10% of displacement
Exponent (n) for both compression and re-expansion process = 1.6
Air constant = 1.4
Air molecular mass M = 29
Calculate the volume rate of air delivery in terms of standard air for a delivery pressure 8 times
ambient pressure under ambient air conditions of 300 °K and 1 bar.Answer: D
A. 2 m3/hr B. 4m3/hr
C. 3m3/hr D. 5m3/hr
25. A two stage compressor with first stage piston displacement of 94390 cm 3/sec is driven by a
motor. Motor output is 35 Hp, suction temperature is 22°C, and volumetric efficiency is 85%.
Mechanical efficiency is 95%, the intercooler pressure is 30 psi gage. Air temperature in and out
of the intercooler are 105°C and 44°C. Final discharge pressure is 100 psi gage, suction
estimated 14.5 psi. Find the compression efficiency.Answer: A
A. 77.60% B. 63.34%
C. 87.34% D. 98.23%

26. An air compressor is to compress 8.5m 3/min from 98.56 KPa to 985.6 KPa. Assuming
conditions are ideal, and with n = 1.3, what will be the saving in work due to two staging?
Answer: C
A. Zero B. 4.6 KW
C. 5.6 KW D. 3.5 KW

27. A single stage air compressor handles 0.454 m3/sec of atmospheric pressure, 27°C air, and
delivers it to a receiver at 652.75 KPa. Its volumetric efficiency on an isothermal basis is 0.85
and its mechanical efficiency is 0.90. If it operates at 350 rpm, what power in KW is required to
drive it?Answer: B
A. 95 B. 112
C. 120 D. 100

28. A two stage compressor receives 0.50 kg/s of air at 120 kPa and 300°K and delivers it at
7MPa. Find the heat transferred in the intercooler.Answer: A
A. 118.14 kW B. 124.55 kW
C. 233.34 kW D. 187.34 kW

29. An air compressor is tested and it is found that the electric motor used 37.3 kW when the
compressor handled 0.189 m3/s of air at 101.4 kPa and 300 °K and discharged it at 377.1 kPa.
Determine the adiabatic efficiency.Answer: C
A. 67.34% B. 76.34%
C. 81.89% D. 92.34%

30. An air compressor is tested and it is found that the electric motor used 37.6 kW when the
compressor handled 0.189 m3/s of air at 101.4 kPa and 300°K and discharged it at 377.1 kPa.
Determine the isothermal efficiency.Answer: A
A. 67.34% B. 76.34%
C. 81.89% D. 67.48%

31. Calculate the volumetric efficiency of a single-cylinder, double acting compressor with a
bore and stroke of 0.45 x 0.45 m. The compressor is tested at 15- rpm and found to deliver gas
from 101.3 kPa and 300°K to 675 kPa at a rate of 0.166 m3/s when n- 1.33 for expansion and
compression process.Answer: A
A. 46.39% B. 56.23%
C. 48.34% D. 74.23%
32. A reciprocating compressor with a 3% clearance receives air at 100 kPa and 300°K and
discharges it at 1.0 MPa. The expansion and compression are polytropic with n = 1.25. There is a
5% pressure drop through the inlet and outlet valves. Find the volumetric efficiency.Answer: B
A. 76.23% B. 82.50%
C. 98.33% D. 65.33%

33. A reciprocating compressor has a 5% clearance with a bore and stroke of 25 x 30 cm. The
compressor operates at 50 rpm. The air enters the cylinder at 27°C and 96 kPa and discharges
at 2000 kPa. If n = 1.3, determine the compressor power.Answer: C
A. 2.34 kW B. 18.45 kW
C. 27.25 kW D. 34.32 kW

34. A water-jacketed air compressor handles 0.143 m3/s air entering at 96.5 kPa and 21°C and
leaving at 480 kPa and 132°C; 10.9 kg/h of cooling water enters the jacket at 15°C and leaves at
21°C. Determine the compressor power.Answer: A
A. 26.163 kW B. 17.23 kW
C. 34.44 kW D. 19.33 kW

35. A 2-stage compressor operates between constant pressure limits of 98.6kPa and 1.103MPa.
The swept volume of the low pressure piston is 0.142 m3. Due to failure of the cooling water
supply to the intercooler, air is passed to the high pressure cylinder without reduction in
temperature. Using PV1.2 = C, determine the percentage increase in power.Answer: C
A. 26 B. 21
C. 11 D. 16

36. An ideal-single stage air compressor without clearance takes in air at a100 kPa with a
temperature of 16°C and delivered at 413 KPa after isentropic compression. What is the
discharge work done by the compressor in kJ/kg?
Answer: -145 KJ/kg (no answer in the given choices)

PUMPS

1. A double suction centrifugal pump delivers 70 ft 3/sec of water at a head of 12 m and running
at 1250 rpm. What is the specific speed of the pump?Answer: D
A. 5014 rpm B. 5453 rpm
C. 2345 rpm D. 9968 rpm

2. The pump centerline of a centrifugal pump is located 2.5 m above from the high tide level.
The sea water varies two meters from high tide to low tide level. If friction loss at the suction
is 0.8 m, determine the total suction head.Answer: A
A. 5.30 m B. 2.30 m
C. 6.30 m D. 8.23 m
3. A centrifugal pump requires 40 ft head to deliver water from low level to higher level. If
pump speed is 1600 rpm, determine the impeller diameter of the centrifugal pump.
Answer: A
A. 185 mm B. 160 mm
C. 154 mm D. 176 mm

4. The suction pressure of a pump reads 2 in. of mercury vacuum and discharge pressure reads
130 psi is used to deliver 100 gpm of water with specific volume of 0.0163ft 3/lb. Determine
the pump work.Answer: B
A. 4.6 kW B. 5.7 kW
C. 7.4 kW D. 9.4 kW

5. A pump is to deliver 150 gpm of water at ahead of 120 m. If pump efficiency is 70%, what is
the horsepower rating of motor required to drive the pump?Answer: D
A. 40.44 Hp B. 25.66 Hp
C. 38.44 Hp D. 21.33 Hp

6. A motor is used to d rive a pump having an efficiency of 85% and 70 % respectively. What is
the combined efficiency of pump and motor?Answer: A
A. 59.50% B. 61.50%
C. 62.50% D. 65.50%

7. In a boiler feed pump, the enthalpy at the entrance is 765 KJ/kg. If pump has a head of 900m,
what is the exit enthalpy of the pump.Answer: C
A. 897 kJ/kg B. 465 kJ/kg
C. 774 kJ/kg D. 864 kJ/kg

8. A submersible pump delivers 350 gpm of water to a height of 5 ft from the ground. The pump
was installed 120 ft below the ground level and a drawdown of 8 ft during the operation. If
water level is 25 ft above the pump, determine the pump power.Answer: C
A. 7.13 kW B. 4.86 kW
C. 7.24 kW D. 864 kW

9. Determine the number of stages needed for a centrifugal pump if it is used to deliver
400gal/min of water and pump power of 15 Hp. Each impeller develops a head of 38 ft.
Answer: B
A. 6 B. 4
C. 8 D. 7

10. A boiler feed pump receives 50 li/sec of water with specific volume of 0.00112 m3/kg at
ahead of 750 m. What is the power output of driving motor if pump efficiency is 65%?
Answer: A
A. 505.32 kW B. 643.54 kW
C. 785.56 kW D. 356.45 kW
11. What power can a boiler feed pump can deliver a mass of 35 kg/s water at a head of 500 m?
Answer: D
A. 356.56 kW B. 354.54 kW
C. 456.64 kW D. 171.67 kW

12. A pump running at 100 rpm delivers water against a head of 30 m. IF pump speed will
increase to 120 rpm, what is the increase in head?Answer: B
A. 43.2 m B. 13.2 m
C. 34.6 m D. 56.3 m

13. A pump is used to deliver 50 li/sec of sea water at a speed of 120 rpm. If speed will increase
to 135 rpm, determine the increase in pump capacity.Answer: D
A. 56.25 li/sec B. 34.56 li/sec
C. 87.54li/sec D. 6.260 li/sec

14. A 15 kW motor running at 350 rpm is used to drive a pump. If speed will be changed to 370
rpm, what is the increase in power?Answer: A
A. 2.72 kW B. 17.72 kW
C. 56.45 kW D. 5.67 kW

15. A certain pump is used to deliver 150 gpm of water having a density of 61.2 lb/ft3. The
suction and discharge gage reads 4 in Hg vacuum and 25 psi, repectively, The discharge gage
is 2 ft above the suction gage. What is the brake power of the motor if pump efficiency is
75%?Answer: A
A. 3.24 Hp B. 2.67 Hp
C. 5.45 Hp D. 6.89 Hp

16. The discharge pipe of a pump is 400 mm in diameter delivers 0.5 m3/sec of water to a
building which maintains a pressure of 100 KPa at a height of 30 m above the reservoir. If
equivalent head is 2m, what power must be furnished by the pump?Answer: A
A. 211 kW B. 480 kW
C. 340 kW D. 240 kW

17. A centrifugal pump is designed for 1800 rpm and head of 61m. Determine the speed of
impeller if diameter is reduces from 305 mm to 254 mm.Answer: C
A. 1000 rpm B. 1250 rpm
C. 1500 rpm D. 1600 rpm

18. Water from a reservoir A 10 m elevation is drawn by a motor driven pump to an upper
reservoir B at 72m elevation. Suction and discharge head loss are 0.15m, respectively. For
discharge rate of 15li/sec, find the power input to the motor if overall efficiency is 65%.
Answer: C
A. 12.65 KW B. 23.54 KW
C. 14.17 KW D. 45.35 KW
19. The elevation of suction reservoir is 5m above the pump centerline and delivers to 85m
elevation tank which maintain 150 kPa. If 1.5m3/sec of water is used to deliver a total head of
3m, determine the power needed by the pump.Answer: A
A. 1446 kW B. 2546 kW
C. 4675 kW D. 3456 KW

20. Water from a reservoir is pumped over a hill through a pipe 900 mm in diameter and a
pressure of one kg/cm2 is maintained at the pipe discharge where the pipe is 85m from the
pump centerline. The pump has a positive suction head of 5m. Pumping rate of the pump at
1000 rpm is 1.5 m3/sec. Friction losses is equivalent to 3m of head loss. What amount of energy
must be furnished by the pump in kW?Answer: A
A. 1372 kW B. 1523 kW
C. 1234 kW D. 1723 kW

21. Water from a reservoir is pumped over a hill through a pipe 450 mm in diameter and a
pressure of 1 kg/cm2 is maintained at the summit. Water discharge is 30m above the reservoir.
The quantity pumped is 0.5 m3/sec. Frictional losses in the discharge and suction pipe and
pump is equivalent to 1.5m head loss. The speed of the pump is 800 rpm what amount of
energy must be furnished by the pump in KW?Answer: B
A. 202 B. 206
C. 204 D. 208

22. Water from an open reservoir A at 8m elevation is drawn by a motor-driven pump to an

open reservoir B at 70m elevation. The inside diameter of the suction pipe is 200mm and
150mm for the discharge pipe. The suction line has a loss of head three times that of the
velocity head in the 200 mm pipe. The discharge line has a loss of head twenty times that of the
velocity head in the discharge pipeline. The pump centerline is at 4m. Overall efficiency of the
system is 78%. For a discharge rate of 10li/sec, find the power input to the motor and the
pressure gage reading installed just at the outlet and inlet of the pump in KPag.Answer: D
A. 2.34 kW B. 5.45 kW
C. 6.59 kW D. 7.84 kW

23. A pump is to deliver 80 gpm of water at 140°F with a discharge pressure of 150 psig. Suction
pressure indicates 2 inches of mercury vacuum. The diameters of suction and discharge pipes
are 5 inches and 4 inches, respectively. The pump has an efficiency of 70%, while the motor
efficiency is 80%. Determine power input to the drive motor.Answer: D
A. 7.23 kW B. 2.34 kW
C. 8.34 kW D. 9.39 kW

24. Determine the water horsepower and the mechanical efficiency of a centrifugal water pump
which has an input of 3.5 Hp if the pump has an 8 inches nominal size suction and 6
inches nominal size discharge if it handles 150 gpm of water at 150°F. The suction line gage
shows 4” Hg vacuum and the discharge gage shows 26 psi. The discharge gage is located 2 feet
above the center of the discharge pipe line and pump inlet and discharge lines are at the same
elevation.Answer: A
A. 2.52 hp B. 6.33 hp
C. 4.23 hp D. 8.34 hp

25. A boiler feed pump receives 40 liters per second at 4 MPa and 180°C. It operates against a
total head of 900 m with an efficiency of 60%. Determine the enthalpy leaving the pump in
KJ/kgAnswer: B
A. 783.45 B. 773.57
C. 756.23 D. 765.23

26. A boiler feed pump receives 40 liters per second at 180°C. It operates against a total head of
900 m with an efficiency of 60%. Determine power output of the driving motor in KW.
Answer: D
A. 453.23 B. 623.34
C. 983.45 D. 523.27

27. A boiler feed pump receives 40 liters per second at 180°C. It operates against a total head of
900m with efficiency of 60%. Determine discharge pressure in kPa for a suction pressure of 4
MPa.Answer: A
A. 11,850 kPa B. 13,455 kPa
C. 12,566 kPa D. 14,233 kPa

28. A boiler feed pump receives 45 li/sec of water at 190°C and enthalpy of 839.33 KJ/kg. It
operates against a head of 952m with efficiency of 70%. Estimate the water leaving
temperature assuming that the temperature rise as due to the inefficiency of the input
energyAnswer: A
A. 191°C B. 143°C
C. 123°C D. 165°C

29. A submersible, multi-stage, centrifugal deep well pump 260 gpm capacity is installed in a
well 27 feet below the static water level. Drawdown when pumping at rated capacity is 10 feet.
The pump delivers the water into a 25,000 gallons capacity overhead storage tank. Total
discharge head developed by pump, including friction in piping is 243 feet. Calculate brake
horsepower required to drive the pump if pump efficiency is 70%.Answer: C
A. 31.31 B. 41.41
C. 21.21 D. 51.51

30. A submersible, multi-stage, centrifugal deep well pump 260 gpm capacity is installed in a
well 27 feet below the static water level and running at 3450 rpm. Drawdown when pumping at
rated capacity overhead storage tank. Total discharge head developed by pump, including
friction in piping is 243 feet. Calculate the diameter of the impeller of this pump in inches if
each impeller diameter developed a head of 38 ft.Answer: A
A. 3.28 B. 5.33
C. 4.23 D. 6.34

31. A double suction, single stage, centrifugal pump delivers 900 m3/hr of sea water(SG = 1.03)
from a source where the water level varies two meters from high tide to low tide level. The
pump centerline is located 2.6 meters above the surface of the water at high tide level. The
pump discharges into a surface condenser, 3m above pump centerline. Loss of head due to
friction in suction pipe is 0.8m and that in the discharge side is 3m. Pump is directly coupled to
a 1750 rpm, 460 V, 3 phase, 60 Hz motor. Calculate the specific speed of pump in rpm.
Answer: B
A. 3131 rpm B. 5151 rpm
C. 4141 rpm D. 6161 rpm

32. A pump driven by an electric motor moves 25 gal/min of water from reservoir A to reservoir
B, lifting the water to a total of 245 feet. The efficiency of the pump and motor are 64% and84%
respectively. What size of motor(HP) is required?Answer: B
A. Hp B. 3 Hp
C. 4 Hp D. 7.5 Hp

33. Water is pumped at 1m3/sec to an elevation of 5m through a flexible hose using a 100%
efficiency pump rated at 100 KW. Using the same length of hose, what size of motor is needed
to pump 1 m3/sec of water to a tank with no elevation gain? In both cases both ends of hose
are at atmospheric pressure. Neglect kinetic energy.Answer: A
A. 51 KW B. 18 KW
C. 43 KW D. 22 KW

34. A vacuum pump is used to drain a flooded mine shaft of 20°C water. The pump pressure of
water at this temperature is 2.34 KPa. The pump is incapable of lifting the water higher than
10.16m. What is the atmospheric pressure?Answer: D
A. 109 B. 112
C. 98 D. 101.9

35. It is desired to deliver 5 gpm at a head of 640m in a single stage pump having specific speed
not to exceed 40. If the speed is not to exceed 1352 rpm, how many stages are required?
Answer: D
A. 3 B. 4
C. 5 D. 2

36. The rate of flow of water in a pump installation is 60.6 kg/sec. The intake static gage is
located 1.22m below the pump center line and reads 68.95 kPa gage; the discharge static gage
is 0.61m below the pump centerline and reads 344.76 kPa gage. The gages are located close to
the pump as much as possible. The areas of the intake and discharge pipes are 0.093 m 2 and
0.069 m2, respectively. The pump efficiency is 70%. Take density of water equals 1000 kg/m3.
What is the hydraulic power in KW?Answer: A
A. 17.0 B. 24.5
C. 31.9 D. 15.2

37. Water in rural areas is often extracted from underground water source whose free surface
is 60m below ground level. The water is to be raised 5m above the ground by a pump. The
diameter of the pipe is 10 cm at the inlet and 15 cm at the exit. Neglecting any heat interaction
with the surroundings and frictional heating effects, what is the necessary power input to the
pump for a steady flow of water at the rate of 15 li/sec in kW if pump efficiency is 85%?
Answer: D
A. 9.54 B. 5.343
C. 7.82 D. 11.23

38. A pump lifts water at a rate of 283 lps from a lake and force it into a tank 8m above the level
of the water at a pressure of 137 kPa. What is the power required in kilowatts.Answer: C
A. 71 B. 41
C. 61 D. 51

39. A pump receives 8kg/s of water at 220 KPa and 110°C and discharges it at 1100 kPa.
Compute for the power required in kilowatts.Answer: C
A. 8.126 B. 5.082
C. 7.041 D. 6.104

40. A fuel pump is delivering 10 gallons per minute of oil with a specific gravity of 0.83. The
total head is 9.14m, find how much energy does the pump consumes in KJ per hour.
Answer: A
A. 169 B. 19
C. 189 D. 179

41. A pump discharges 150 liters per second of water to a height of 75 meters. If the efficiency
is 75% and the speed of the pump is 1800 rpm, what is the torque in N-m to which the drive
shaft is subjected?Answer: B
A. 771 B. 781
C. 791 D. 681

42. A pump with 400 mm diameter suction and a 350 mm diameter discharge pipe is to deliver
20,000 liters per minute of 15.6°C water. Calculate the pump head in meters if suction gage is
7.5cm below pump centerline and reads 127mm Hg vacuum and discharge gage is 45cm above
the pump centerline and reads 75 kPa.Answer: D
A. 15 m B. 5 m
C. 20 m D. 10 m

43. A centrifugal pump delivers 300,000 liters per hour of water to a pressurized tank whose
pressure is 280 kPa. The source of water is 5m below the pump. The diameter of the suction
pipe is 300mm and the discharge pipe is 250mm. Calculate the kw rating of the driving motor
assuming the pump efficiency to be 72%.Answer: D
A. 41.75 kW B. 35.75 kW
C. 43.26 kW D. 38.16kW

44. A centrifugal pump delivers 80 liters per second of water on test. Suction gage reads 10 MM
Hg vacuum and 1.2 meters below pump centerline. Power input is 70 kw. Find the total
dynamic head in meters. Answer: A
A. 66 B. 60
C. 62 D. 64

45. A pump delivers 500 gpm of water against a total head of 200 ft and operating at 1770 rpm.
Changes have increased the total head to 375 ft. At what rpm should the pump be operated to
achieve the new head at the same efficiency?Answer: D
A. 2800 rpm B. 3600 rpm
C. 3434 rpm D. 2424 rpm

FANS AND BLOWERS

1. A fan whose static efficiency is 40% has a capacity of 60,000ft3/hr at 60°F and barometer of
30 in Hg and gives a static pressure of 2 in of water column on full delivery. What size of electric
motor should be used to drive the fan?Answer: B
A. ½ Hp B. 1 Hp
C. 2 Hp D. 1 ½ Hp

2. A fan draws 1.42 m3 per second of air at a static pressure of 2/54 cm water through a duct
300mm diameter and discharges it through a duct of 275mm diameter. Determine the static
fan efficiency if total fan mechanical is 70% and air is measured at 25°C and 760 mm
Hg.Answer: A
A. 50.11% B. 54.34%
C. 65.37% D. 45.34%

3. Find the air horsepower of an industrial fan that delivers 25 m3/s of air through a 900mm by
1200mm outlet. Static pressure is 127mm of water gage and air density is 1.18 kg/m3.
Answer: B
A. 65.35 Hp B. 52.35 Hp
C. 60.35 Hp D. 70.35 Hp

4. A boiler requires 90,000 m3/hr of standard air. The mechanical efficiency of fan to be
installed is 65%. Determine the size of driving motor assuming fan can deliver a total pressure
of 150mm of water gage.Answer: A
A. 56.6 kW B. 78.5 kW
C. 45.5 kW D. 23.5 kW

5. At 1.2 kg/m3 air density a fan develops a brake power of 100 kW. It operates at 98 KPa and
32°C with the same speed, what is the new brake power of the fan?Answer: D
A. 68.4 kW B. 36.7 kW
C. 67.5 kW D. 93.3 kW

6. A fan has a suction pressure of 30mm water vacuum with air velocity of 3m/sec. The
discharge has 150 mm of water gage and discharge velocity of 7m/sec. Determine the total
head of fan if air density is 1.2 kg/m3.Answer: B
A. 150 m B. 152 m
C. 154 m D. 156 m

7. A 50 KW motor is used to drive a fan that has a total head of 110 m. If fan efficiency is 70%,
what is the maximum capacity of the fan using standard density of air?Answer: A
A. 27 m3/sec B. 29 m3/sec
C. 31 m3/sec D. 33 m3/sec

8. A fan using standard air condition can develop a static pressure head of 310 mm water gage.
If fan will operate 93°C and 735 mm of Hg, find the new static pressure required.Answer: C
A. 150 mm water gage B. 180 mm water gage
C. 241 mm water gage D. 456 mm water gage

9. The total head of fan is 185m and has a static pressure of 210 mm of water gage, what is the
velocity of air flowing if density of air is 1.15 kg/m3?Answer: A
A. 6.85 m/sec B. 3.45 m/sec
C. 4.75 m/sec D. 8.54 m/sec

10. The volume flow of air delivered by fan is 20 m3/sec and 180 mm water gage. The density of
air is 1.185 kg/m3 and motor power needed to drive the fan is 44 KW. What is the fan
efficiency?Answer: B
A. 70.26% B. 80.26%
C. 75.26% D. 90.26%

11. A fan is listed as having the following performances with standard air:
Volume discharged = 120 m3/sec
Speed = 7.0 rps
Static pressure = 310 mm water gage
Brake power required = 620 KW
The system duct will remain the same and the fan will discharge the same volume of 120
m3/sec of air at 93°C and a barometric pressure of 735 mm Hg when its speed is 7.0 rps. Find
the brake power input and the static pressure required.Answer: C
A. 231 mm water B. 251 mm water
C. 241 mm water D. 261 mm water

12. Air enters a fan through a duct at velocity of 6.3 m/s and an inlet static pressure of 2.5 cm of
water less than atmospheric pressure. The air leaves the fan through a duct a t a velocity of
11.24 m/s and a discharge static pressure of 7.62 cm of water above the atmospheric pressure.
If the specific weight of the air is 1.20 kg/m3 and the fan delivers 9.45 m3/sec, what is the fan
efficiency when the power input to the fan is 12.75 KW at the coupling?Answer: A
A. 71.81% B. 91.23%
C. 81.34% D. 61.34%

13. A fan delivers 4.7 m3/sec at a static pressure of 5.08 cm of water when operating at a speed
of 400 rpm. The power input required is 2.863 KW. If 7.05 m3/sec are desired in the same fan
and installation, find the pressure in cm of water.Answer: C
A. 7.62 B. 17.14
C. 11.43 D. 5.08

14. A fan described in a manufacturer’s table is rated to deliver 500 m3/min at a static pressure
(gage) of 254 cm of water when running at 250 rpm and requiring 3.6 KW. If the fan speed is
changed to 305 rpm and air handled were at 65% instead of standard 21°C, find the power in
KW.Answer: D
A. 3.82 B. 5.08
C. 4.66 D. 5.68

15. Air is flowing in a duct with velocity of 7.62 m/s and static pressure of 2.16 cm water gauge.
The duct diameter is 1.22m, the barometric pressure 99.4 KPa and the gage fluid temperature
and air temperature are 30°C. What is the total pressure against which the fan will operate in
cm of water?Answer: B
A. 3.25 B. 2.5
C. 3.75 D. 1.25

FLUID

1. A perfectventure with throat diameter of 1.8 inches is placed horizontally in a pipe with a 5 in
inside diameter. Eighty (80) lb of water flow through the pipe each second. What is the
difference between the pipe and venturi throat static pressure?Answer: B
A. 29.9 lb/in2 B. 34.8 lb/in2
C. 5020 lb/in2 D. 72.3 lb/in2

2. What is the expected head loss per mile of a closed circular pipe (17 in inside diameter),
friction factor of 0.03 when 3300 of water flow under pressure?Answer: A
A. 38 ft B. 3.580 ft
C. 0.007 ft D. 0.64 ft

3. A rigid container is closed at one end and measure 8 in diameter by 12 in long. The container
is held vertically and is slowly moved downward until the pressure in the container is 15.5 psia.
What will be the depth of the water surface measure from the free water surface?
Answer: A
A. 22 in B. 9.2 in
C. 1 D. 9.8 in
4. The pressure drop across a turbine is 25 psi. The flow rate is 55 gallons per minute. Calculate
the power output of the turbine.Answer: A
A. 0.802 hp B. 0.41 hp
C. 1.05 hp D. 2.54 hp

5. Two tubes are mounted to the roof of a car. One tube points to the front of the car while the
other point to the rear. The tubes are connected to a manometer filled with fluid of specific
gravity. 0.60. When the height difference is 2 inches, what is the car’s speed?Answer: C
A. 46 mph B. 43.8 mph
C. 50 mph D. 62 mph

6. What is the density of a stone that weighs 19.9 lb (88 N) in air and 12.4 lb (55 N) in water?
Answer: A
A. 2,651.2 kg/m3 B. 2,612.5 kg/m3
3
C. 2,578.2 kg/m D. 26,700 kg/m3

7. The flow rate of water through a cast iron pipe is 5000 GPM. The pipe is 1 ft and the
coefficient of friction f = 0.0173. What is the pressure drop over a 100 ft length of pipe?
Answer: 5.404 ft of water
A. 337.26 lb/in2 B. 21.078 lb/in2
2
C. 337.26 lb/in D. 23.780 lb/in2

8. Pressure drop across a turbine is 30 psi, the flow rate is 60 gpm. Calculate the power output
of the turbine.Answer: B
A. 0.41 hp B. 1.05 hp
C. 6.30 hp D. 2.54 hp

9. The fluid in a manometer tube is 60% water and 40% alcohol (SG = 0.8). What is the
monometer fluid height difference if a 6.2 psi pressure is applied across the tow ends of a
manometer?Answer: D
A. 15.5 in B. 186 in
C. 36 in D. 215 in

10. An air bubble rises from the bottom of a well where the temperature is 25°C, to the surface
where the temperature is 27°C. Find the percent increase in volume of the bubble if the depth
of the well is 5m. Atmospheric pressure is 101.528 KPa.Answer:A
A. 49.3 B. 31.3
C. 56.7 D. 38.6

11. An empty, open can is 30 cm high with a 10-cm diameter. The can, with the open end down,
is pushed under water with a density of 1000 kg/m3. Find the water level in the can when the
top of the can is 50 cm below the surface.Answer: B
A. 17.20 cm B. 2.12 cm
C. 4.20 cm D. 5.87 cm
12. A 24 inches long rod floats vertically in water. It has a 1 sq. in. cross section and has a
specific gravity of 0.6. What length L is submerged?Answer: A
A. 14.4 in B. 2.4 in
C. 9.6 in D. 18.0 in

13. Flow of water taking over in a pipe having a velocity of 10 m/s. Determine the velocity head
of the water.Answer: B
A. 50.1 m B. 5.1 m
C. 8.2 m D. 100m

14. The length of pipe is 168 meters. If the pressure drop is 50 KPa for every 30 meters, what is
the total pressure drop?Answer: C
A. 260 kPa B. 300 kPa
C. 280 kPa D. 100 kPa

15. Hydraulic efficiency 85%, find Q in li/s. Power developed 10,500 kw under head of
320m.Answer: A
A. 3935 B. 3452
C. 3271 D. 3623

16. A cylindrical pipe with water flowing downward at 0.02m 3/s having top diameter of 0.08,
bottom diameter of 0.04 and height of 1.5 m. Find the pressure between the pipes. Answer: A
A. 104 kPa B. 87 kPa
C. 120 kPa D. 143 kPa

17. A fluid that has a velocity of 18 m/s will have an equivalent head of?Answer: A
A. 16.51 m B. 12.44 m
C. 18.34 m D. 10.34 m

18. Determine the size of pipe which will deliver 5 liters of medium oil (v = 6.10 x 10-6 m2/s)
assuming laminar flow conditions.Answer: A
A. 522 mm B. 454 mm
C. 550 mm D. 650 mm

19. The power available in a jet having a cross-sectional area of 0.005 m2 with a velocity of
25.80m/s.Answer: C
A. 34 kW B. 49 kW
C. 43 kW D. 23 kW

20. The type of flow occupying in a 30 cm diameter pipe which water flows at a velocity of
2.10m/s. Use v = 1.13 x 10-6 m2/s for water.Answer: A
A. Turbulent B. Constant
C. Laminar D. None of these
21. A man weighing 64 kg causes a flat area 30 cm thick to be just fully submerged in a sea
water (SG = 1.03). Neglecting weight the area must be:Answer:D
A. 0.085 m2 B. 0.756 m2
2
C. 0.172 m D. 0.062 m2

22. What force is exerted by water jet 50 mm diameter if it strikes a wall at the rate of 15m/s
Answer: B
A. 342 N B. 442 N
C. 764 N D. 563 N

23. A 300 mm x 75 mm venture meter is inserted in a 300 mm diameter pipeline where water
flows at 55 liters/s. Neglecting friction loss, compute the drop in pressure head from the inlet to
the throat.Answer: A
A. 8 m B. 10 m
C. 6 m D. 12 m

24. A jet of water 50 mm diameter with a velocity of 35 m/s is being discharged in a horizontal
direction from a nozzle mounted on a fire truck. The force required to hold the nozzle
stationary is:Answer: B
A. 1.34 KN B. 2.40 KN
C. 4.23 KN D. 3.23 KN

25. An open storage vessel has 3 m of oil (SG = 0.82) and 6 m of water. The pressure at the
bottom is:Answer: C
A. 45 kPa B. 65 kPa
C. 83 kPa D. 92 kPa

26. A 200 mm diameter pipe gradually reduces to a 100 mm diameter. The 200 mm diameter
pipe is connected to another pipe having a pressure of 600 kPa horizontally with a flow of
0.04m3/s. Find the pressure at the 100 mm diameter.Answer: A
A. 588 kPa B. 642 kPa
C. 566 kPa D. 598 kPa

27. A 200-mm diameter pipe discharges water at the rate of 200 li/s. Point 1 on the pipe has a
pressure of 280 kPa and 3.4 m below point 1 is point 2 with a pressure of 300 kPa. Compute the
head loss between points 1 and 2.Answer: D
A. 4.2 m B. 2.5 m
C. 6.3 m D. 1.4 m

28. An object weighs 90 N in air and when immersed in water weighs 50 N. Compute the
specific gravity of the object.
A. 1.25 B. 3.25
C. 2.25 D. 4.25
REFRIGERATION

1. The enthalpy at the entrance of the condenser is 1660 KJ/kg and exit is 315 KJ/kg. The
compressor has an enthalpy of 1450 KJ/kg at entrance. Determine the COP.Answer: C
A. 4.2 B. 2.0
C. 5.4 D. 6.0

2. An evaporator has a temperature of 3°C with entrance enthalpy of 352.75 KJ/kg. At 3, hf =

319.56 KJ/kg and hg = 642.45 KJ/kg. Find the quality after expansion.Answer: D
A. 16.27% B. 21.48%
C. 15.67% D. 10.27%

3. The refrigerating effect of 100 tons refrigeration is 117 KJ/kg. Determine the mass flow of
refrigerant.Answer: C
A. 1kg/sec B. 2kg/sec
C. 3 kg/sec D. 4 kg/sec

4. The density of R-12 refrigerant at compressor suction is 19.81 kg/m3. For mass flow rate of
2kg/sec, determine the volume flow at suction.Answer: A
A. 0.10 m3/sec B. 0.25 m3/sec
3
C. 0.30 m /sec D. 0.40 m3/sec

5. A 100 ton refrigeration system has a COP of 5. Determine the compressor horsepower.
Answer: A
A. 94.26 Hp B. 86.76 Hp
C. 86.76 Hp D. 65.65 Hp

6. A 90 ton refrigeration system has a compressor input of 0.97 KW per ton refrigeration and
COP of 5. What is the efficiency of the compressor?Answer: A
A. 72.49% B. 90.42%
C. 56.34% D. 83.33%

7. A 90 ton refrigeration system has a compressor input of 0.97 KW per ton refrigeration. If
compressor efficiency is 75%, determine the heat rejected from the condenser.Answer: D
A. 350 kW B. 260 kW
C. 500 kW D. 382 kW

8. The mass flow rate of refrigerant entering the compressor is 0.25 kg/s and the change of
enthalpy between the inlet and outlet is 320 KJ/kg. If 134 Hp motor is used to drive the
compressor, determine the heat loss from the compressor.Answer: B
A. 15 Kw B. 20 kW
C. 25 kW D. 30 kW
9. A 100 ton refrigeration system is used to produce chilled water from 22°C to 2°C. Determine
the volume flow of water in li/sec.Answer: C
A. 3.0 B. 3.5
C. 4.2 D. 5.5

10. An industrial plant requires cooling 120 gal/min of water from 20°C to 5°C. Determine the
tons of refrigeration required. Answer: D
A. 100 TR B. 130 TR
C. 145 TR D. 135 TR

11. The difference in temperature between the water leaving the evaporator and evaporator
temperature is 5°C. If the temperature of water leaving is 32°F, what is the evaporator
temperature?Answer: D
A. 0°C B. -2°C
C. -4°C D. -5°C

12. The heat rejected from condenser is 300 KW. The water required to cool the refrigerant is
5li/sec. Determine the temperature of water leaving the condenser if water enters at
25°C.Answer: D
A. 30°C B. 35°C
C. 45.33°C D. 39.33°C

13. The mass flow of refrigerant entering the compressor is 0.1 kg/sec with change of enthalpy
of 400kJ/kg. For compressor efficiency of 70% and motor efficiency of 80%, find the electrical
energy needed for one day.Answer: D
A. 1524 kW-hr B. 1685 kW-hr
C. 3456 kW-hr D. 1714 kW-hr

14. An 80 ton refrigeration system requires 105 KW from VECO. If motor compressor efficiency
is 60%, find the COP.Answer: C
A. 5.84 B. 3.56
C. 4.46 D. 3.78

15. The change of enthalpy between the inlet and outlet of evaporator is 1000 KJ/kg and mass
flow of refrigerant is 12 kg/min. What is the capacity of plant?Answer: C
A. 15 TR B. 25 TR
C. 57 TR D. 60 TR

16. The mass flow of water entering the condenser is 10 kg/sec. If the temperature difference
between inlet and outlet temperature is 18°F, determine the heat rejected from the
condenser.Answer: B
A. 400 kW B. 419 kW
C. 500 kW D. 324 kW
17. The change of enthalpy in the condenser is 1500 KJ/kg. The temperature change of water is
8°C and the refrigerant flow is 0.13 kg/sec. Determine the gpm of water required for
cooling.Answer: A
A. 92 gpm B. 88 gpm
C. 45 gpm D. 67 gpm

18. The heat rejected from the condenser is 200 KW. The mass flow of water entering is 5
kg/sec at 23°C. If the temperature between the condenser cooling water outlet and condenser
temperature is 5°C, what is the condenser temp?Answer: D
A. 30.56°C B. 39.94°C
C. 35.78°C D. 37.67°C

19. The heat from the condenser of Carnot refrigeration is 6000 KJ/min. The minimum and
maximum temperature is -25°C and 72°C respectively. Determine the horsepower required to
drive the compressor. Answer: C
A. 30 Hp B. 35 Hp
C. 38 Hp D. 42 Hp

20. The temperature difference between the minimum and maximum temperature of Carnot
cycle is 50°C. What is the minimum temperature if COP is 5.5Answer: A
A. 0.31°C B. 2°C
C. 3°C D. 5°C

21. The power required to drive the compressor in Carnot refrigeration is 50 Hp. It operates
between -5°C and 40°C. Determine the tons of refrigeration.Answer: D
A. 57 TR B. 34 TR
C. 55TR D. 63 TR

22. Determine the heat to be removed from one ton of water at 26°C to an ice at -6°C.
Answer: B
A. 215,765 kJ B. 413,956 kJ
C. 345,654 kJ D. 834,582 kJ

23. The heat required to remove from beef 110 kg is 36,437 which will be cooled from 20°C to -
18°C. The specific heat above freezing is 3.23 KJ/kg-°K and latent heat of fusion is 233 kJ/kg. If
specific heat below freezing is 1.68 kJ/kg-°K, find the freezing temperature.Answer: B
A. -5.65°C B. -2.19°C
C. -1.01°C D. -10°C

24. A refrigeration compressor has a specific volume of 0.0482 m3/kg entrance and 0.017 m 3/kg
at exit. If volumetric efficiency is 90%, determine the percent clearance of the
compressor.Answer: A
A. 5.45% B. 6.35%
C. 10% D. 12%
25. Milk must be received and cooled from 80°F to 38°F in 5 hrs. If 4000 gallons of fresh milk
received having SG of 1.03 and cp = 0.935 Btu per lb-°F, find the refrigeration capacity.
Answer: C
A. 20 TR B. 30TR
C. 22.5TR D. 34.6 TR

26. An air-conditioning plant with a capacity of 400 KW of refrigeration has an evaporating and
condensing temperature of 3°C and 37°C respectively. If it uses Refrigerant 12, what will be the
mass of flash gas per kg of refrigerant circulated?Answer: A
A. 21.80% B. 12.45%
C. 14.56% D. 18.34%

27. An air-conditioning plant with a capacity of 400 KW of refrigeration has an evaporating and
condensing temperature of 3°C and 37°C respectively. If it uses Refrigerant 12, what is the
volumetric rate of flow under suction condition?Answer: C
A. 0.272 m3/s B. 0.453 m3/s
C. 0.172 m3/s D. 0.243 m3/s

28. An air-conditioning system of a high rise building has a capacity of 350 KW of refrigeration;
uses R-12. The evaporator and condenser temperature are 0°C and 35°C, respectively.
Determine work of compression in KW.Answer: B
A. 34 kW B. 52 kW
C. 43 kW D. 65 kW

29. A vapor compression refrigeration system has a 30 KW motor driving the compressor. The
compressor inlet pressure and temperature are 64.17 KPa and 20°C respectively and discharge
pressure of 960 KPa. Saturated liquid enters the expansion valve. Using Freon 12 as refrigerant,
determine the capacity of the unit in tons of refrigeration.Answer: D
A. 16.15 tons ref. B. 20 tons ref.
C. 25 tons ref. D. 17.14 tons ref

30. A simple vapor compression cycle develops 15 tons of refrigeration using ammonia as
refrigerant and operating at condensing temperature of 24°C and evaporating temperature of -
18°C and assuming compression are isentropic and that the gas leaving the condenser is
saturated, find the power per ton.Answer: D
A. 0.333 kW/ton B. 0.533 kW/ton
C. 0.452 kW/ton D. 0.702 kW/ton

31. A vapor compression refrigeration system is designed to have a capacity of 100 tons of
refrigeration. It produces chilled water from 22°C to 2°C. Its actual coefficient of performance is
5.96 and 35% of the power supplied to the compressor is lost in the form of friction and
cylinder cooling losses. Determine size of the electric motor required to drive the compressor in
kilowatts.Answer: A
A. 92.31 kW B. 76.24 kW C. 87.23 kW D. 98.23 kW
32. A vapor compression refrigeration system is designed to have a capacity of 100 tons of
refrigeration. It produces chilled water from 22°C to 2°C. Its actual coefficient of performance is
5.86 and 35% of the power supplied to the compressor is lost in the form of friction and
cylinder cooling losses. Determine the condenser cooling water required in kg/sec for a
temperature rise of 10°C.Answer: A
A. 9.83 B. 7.45
C. 12.23 D. 4.34

33. A belt driven compressor is used in a refrigeration system that will cool 10 li/sec of water
from 13°C to 1°C. The belt efficiency is 98%, motor efficiency is 85%, and the input of the
compressor is 0.7 KW/ton of refrigeration. Find the actual coefficient of performance if overall
efficiency is 65%.Answer: D
A. 2.34 B. 4.43
C. 3.45 D. 6.44

34. A belt driven compressor is used in a refrigeration system that will cool 10 li/sec of water
from 13°C to 1°C. The belt efficiency is 98%, motor efficiency is 85%, and the input of
compressor is 0.7 KW/ton of refrigeration. Find the mass flow rate of condenser cooling water
warmed from 21°C to 32°C if overall efficiency is 65%.Answer: B
A. 10.34 kg/s B. 12.60 kg/s
C. 23.23 kg/s D. 15.34 kg/s

35. Calculate the bore in mm of a single-acting, 6 cylinder ammonia compressor running at

1200rpm to compress 700 kg/hr refrigerant which vaporized at -15°C, given the following:
Bore and stroke = Unity
Volumetric Efficiency = 70%
Specific volume of NH3 = 8.15 ft3/lb at 5°F Answer: C
A. 110 mm B. 106 mm
C. 114 mm D. 124 mm

36. An ammonia compressor operates at an evaporator pressure of 316 kPa and a condenser
pressure of 1514.2 kPa. The refrigerant is subcooled 5 degrees and is superheated 8 degrees. A
twin cylinder compressor with a bore to stroke ratio of 0.85 is to be used at 1200 rpm. The
mechanical efficiency is 78%. For a load of 87.5 kW, determine the bore and stroke for 5%
clearance.Answer: C
A. 123.44 mm B. 109.23 mm
C. 117.40 mm, 99.79 mm D. 234.23 mm, 86.79 mm

37. In a certain refrigeration system for a low temperature application, a two stage operation is
desirable which employs ammonia system that serves a 30 ton evaporator at -30°C. The system
uses direct contact cascade condenser, and the condenser temperature is 40°C. Find
the total power required in kw.Answer: B
A. 23.43 kW B. 35.37 kW
C. 28.34 kW D. 45.23 kW
38. A refrigeration system operates on the reversed Carnot cycle. The minimum and maximum
temperatures are -25°C and 72°C, respectively. If the heat rejected to the condenser is 6000
KJ/min, draw the T-S diagram and find power input required.Answer: D
A. 20.34 kW B. 54.33 kW
C. 13.45 kW D. 28.12 Kw

39. A refrigerating system operates on the reversed Carnot cycle. The highest temperature of
the refrigerant in the system is 120°F and the lower temperature is 10°F. The capacity is to be
20 tons. Determine the heat rejected from the system in Btu/minAnswer: A
A. 4936 B. 5634
C. 3432 D. 7421

40. An ice plant produces 20 tons of ice per day at -15°C from water at 25°C. If miscellaneous
losses are 12% of the freezing and chilling load, calculate the refrigeration capacity of the plant
in tons of refrigeration. Answer: C
A. 21.35 B. 43.12
C. 31.5 D. 36.3

41. Fish weighing 11,000 kg with a temperature of 20°C is brought to a cold storage and which
shall be cooled to -10°C in 11 hours. Find the required plant refrigerating capacity in tons of
refrigeration if the specific heat of fish is 0.7 above freezing and 0.3 below freezing point which
is -3°C. The latent heat of freezing is 55.5 kcal/kg.Answer: B
A. 21.3 B. 24.38
C. 28.34 D. 32.12

42. Compute the heat to be removed from 110 kg of lean beef if it were to be cooled form 20°C
to 4°C, after which it is to be frozen and cooled to -18°C. Specific heat above freezing is given as
3.23 kJ/kg°C and below freezing as 1.68 kg/kg-°C. Freezing point is -2.2°C and latent heat of
fusion is 233 KJ/kg.Answer: C
A. 32,455 kJ B. 23,455 kJ
C. 36,437.5 kJ D. 54,233.2 kJ

43. Magnolia Dairy products plant must cool 4000 gallons of fresh milk received from the farm
per day from an initial temperature of 80°F to a temperature of 38°C in 5 hours. If the density of
milk is 8.6 lbs/gallon, specific gravity is 1.03, and specific heat is 0.935 how much brine must be
circulated if the change in temperature is 15°F, specific gravity is 1.182, and specific heat is
0.729?Answer: A
A. 41.77 gpm B. 54.22 gpm
C. 34.11 gpm D. 65.23 gpm

44. A mass of ice at 25°F is needed to cool 250 pound of vegetables in a bunker, for 24 hours.
The initial temperature of the vegetables is assumed to be 85°F. It is also assumed that the
average temperature inside the bunker is 45°F, within the 24-hour period. If the heat gained
per hour in the bunker is 30% of the heat removed to cool the vegetables from 85°F to 45°F,
what would be the required mass of ice?Answer: D
Specific heat of ice = 0.463 Specific heat of vegetables = 0.80
Specific heat of water = 1.01 Heat of fusion of ice = 144 Btu/lb
A. 34.56 lbs B. 74.23 lbs
C. 43.23 lbs D. 64.8 lbs

45. A 10 ton ice plant using ammonia refrigerant operates between evaporator and condenser
temperature of -20°C and 35°C respectively. The ice plant is to produce ice at -12°C from water
at 30°C in 24 hours. Assuming losses to be 18 of the heat absorbed from water, determine the
power required by the compressor.Answer: B
A. 21.23 kW B. 16.79 kW
C. 56.32 kW D. 43.32 kW

46. An ideal vapor compression refrigeration cycle requires 2.5 KW to power the compressor.
You have found the following data for the cycle: the enthalpy at condenser entrance =
203kJ/kg, exit = 55; evaporator entrance = 55 KJ/kg, exit = 178. If mass flow rate of the
refrigerant is 0.10 kg/sec, then the coefficient of performance of the refrigeration cycle is most
nearly: Answer: D
A. 592 B. 59.2
C. 5.92 D. 4.92

47. A Freon – 12 - waste water system operating at a 5°C suction temperature and a 40°C
condensing temperature has an evaporator load of 5 tons. If the condenser is selected for a 7°C
water temperature rise, how many gpm must be circulated through the condenser? The
following enthalpies have been found: condenser entrance = 377 KJ/kg, exit = 238.5; evaporator
entrance = 238.5 KJ/kg, exit = 353.6.Answer: A
A. 11.46 gpm B. 15.23 gpm
C. 13.45 gpm D. 23.22 gpm

48. A refrigeration system operates on an ideal vapor-compression using Refrigerant-12 with an

evaporator temperature of -30°C and a condenser exit temperature of 49.3°C and requires a
74.6 KW motor to drive the compressor. What is the capacity of the refrigerator in tons of
refrigeration? Enthalpy of condenser entrance = 362 KJ/kg, exit = 248.15; evaporator entrance =
248.15, exit = 338.14.Answer: A
A. 43.5 B. 34.5
C. 21.3 D. 18.2

49. Liquid ammonia at a temperature of 26°C is available at the expansion valve. The
temperature of the vaporizing ammonia in the evaporator is 2°C. Find the percentage of liquid
vaporized while flowing through the expansion valve Answer: A
Temperature Pressure
At 2°C, 462.49 kPa: hf = 190.4 kJ/kg hfg = 1255.2 kJ/kg hg = 1445.6 kJ/kg
At 26°C 1033.97 kPa: hf = 303.6 kJ/kg hfg =1162.0 kJ/kg hg =1465.6 kJ/kg
A. 9.02 B. 90.98
C. 91.08 D. 8.92

50. A 140 mm x 140 mm single effect, twin-cylinder single acting Freon-12 compressor with a
refrigeration capacity of 40 kW operates between a discharge pressure of 1300 kPa and a
suction pressure of 350 kPa. The speed of the compressor is 600 rpm. If the discharge pressure
shall be raised to 1400 kPa, at what speed (rpm) should the compressor be run to produce the
same refrigeration capacity and assuming the volumetric efficiency to remain the same?
Answer: C
A. 610 B. 614
C. 622 D. 630

51. A refrigeration system using R-22 has a capacity of 320 kw of refrigeration. The evaporating
temperature is minus 10 degrees C and the condensing temperature is 40°C. Calculate the
fraction of vapor in the mixture before the evaporator.Answer: A
Properties of R-22 are:
At -10°C hg = 401.60 KJ/kg ht = 188.426 KJ/kg
At 40°C hf = 249.686 KJ/kg
A. 0.287 B. 0.315
C. 0.245 D. 0.227

52. What is the coefficient of a vapor compression refrigeration system having the following
data: Enthalpy entering the compression is 181.79; enthalpy after compression work is 207.3
KJ/kg. After condensation the enthalpy is 58.2 and the throttled from 0.19 MPa to
0.18MPa.Answer: C
A. 5.8 B. 3.2
C. 4.84 D. 5.6

53. A refrigeration system having a 22 kW capacity needs 7.8 compressor. Find the COP of the
system Answer: C
A. 3.12 B. 4.62
C. 3.78 D. 6.34

AIR CONDITIONING

1. When 100 kg/min of outside air at 32°C dry bulb and 200 kg/min recirculated air at 22°C dry
bulb are mixed with an air conditioning system, the resulting dry bulb temperature will
be:Answer: A
A. 25.33°C B. 35.44°C
C. 46.33°C D. 26.88°C

2. The amount of water carried by air in a cooling tower is 15 lb/min. The change in humidity
ratio in outlet and inlet is 0.025 lb/lb, determine the volume flow of air needed if specific
volume is 15 ft3/lb.Answer: B
A. 6000 ft3/min B. 7800 ft3/min
C. 7500 ft3/min D. 5000 ft3/min

3. The change of enthalpy of air in a cooling tower is 35 Btu/lb and the mass flow of air is
453.17 lb/min. Water enters the tower at the rate of 50 gpm and 115 °F. Determine the exit
temperature. Answer: D
A. 45°F B. 55°F
C. 65°F D. 77°F

4. The change of enthalpy in air conditioning unit is 10 Btu/lb. The mass of supply air is
150,000 lb/hr. What is the conditioner capacity?Answer: C
A. 125 TR B. 100 TR
C. 150 TR D. 200 TR

5. Recirculated air of 8 kg/sec with 53 kJ/kg enthalpy and outside air of 2 kg/sec with 90 kJ/kg
enthalpy enters the conditioning unit. Determine the air conditioning capacity if supply
enthalpy to conditioned space is 42 KJ/kg. Answer: D
A. 154 kW B. 164 kW
C. 174 kW D. 184 kW

6. Outside air of an air conditioning system is 25% of recirculated air. Determine the mass of
outside air if mass of supply air is 15 kg/sec.Answer: C
A. 1 kg/sec B. 2 kg/sec
C. 3 kg/sec D. 4 kg/sec

7. The sensible heat load and latent heat load in an air conditioning system is 120kW and 47kW,
respectively. What is the sensible heat factor?Answer: D
A. 65.34% B. 29.45%
C. 76.54% D. 71.86%

8. The total heat load and latent heat load of theater is 150 kW and 60 kW, respectively. Supply
air is at 15°C and has a mass of 9 kg/sec. Determine the temperature to be maintained in the
theater.Answer: B
A. 20°C B. 25°C
C. 30°C D. 35°C

9. A cooling tower has an efficiency of 65%. Water enters the tower at 55°C. The wet bulb
temperature of surrounding air is 27°C. What is the temperature of water leaving the tower?
Answer: A
A. 36.8°C B. 44.5°C
C. 46.9°C D. 30.4°C
10. The change of temperature entering the cooling tower and wet bulb temperature of
surrounding air is 25°C and efficiency is 65%. If mass of water leaving the tower is 10kg/sec,
determine the heat carried by air.Answer: C
A. 720 kW B. 540 kW
C. 680 kW D. 700 kW
11. The approach and efficiency of cooling tower is 10°C and 60%, respectively. If temperature
of water leaving the tower is 37°C, what is the temperature of water entering?Answer: B
A. 46°C B. 52°C
C. 68°C D. 48°C

12. A cooling tower is used to cool a jacket water loss from the engine. The heat generated by
fuel is 2500 KW and cooling loss is 30%. If temperature range of the tower is 15°C. Determine
the mass flow of water entering the tower.Answer: A
A. 12 kg/sec B. 14 kg/sec
C. 16 kg/sec D. 18 kg/sec

13. A dryer is to deliver 1000 kg/hr of cassava with 2% moisture and 20% moisture in the feed.
Determine the mass of air required if change in humidity ratio is 0.0165.Answer: C
A. 3.57 kg/sec B. 4.67 kg/sec
C. 3.79 kg/sec D. 5.36 kg/sec

14. The moisture removed from a material is 250 lb/hr and change of humidity ratio in dryer is
0.0175. Determine the fan capacity if specific volume of air entering is 35 ft 3/lb.Answer: C
A. 400,000 ft3/hr B. 450,000 ft3/hr
C. 500,000 ft3/hr D. 550,000 ft3/hr

15. The change of enthalpy in a heating chamber of dryer is 25 Btu and the mass of air supplied
is 30,000 lb/hr. What is the heat supplied by heater?Answer: D
A. 560 KW B. 450 KW
C. 350 KW D. 220 KW

16. Water at 55°C is cooled in a cooling tower which has an efficiency of 65%. The temperature
of the surrounding air is 32°C dry bulb and 70% relative humidity. The heat dissipated from the
condenser is 2,300,000 KJ/hr. Find the capacity in liters per second of the pump used in the
cooling water. Answer: A
A. 8.55 B. 7.34
C. 6.34 D. 9.23

17. Fifty gallons per minute of water enters a cooling tower at 115°F. Atmospheric air at 60°F
and 55% relative humidity enters the tower at 6,000 cfm and leaves at 90°F saturated.
Determine the volume of water that leaves the tower in gpm. Answer: B
A. 32.34 B. 48.62
C. 34.23 D. 65.33
18. Fifty gallons per minute of water enters a cooling tower at 115°F. Atmospheric air at 60°F
and 55% relative humidity enters the tower at 6,000 cfm and leaves at 90°F saturated.
Determine the exit temperature of water, °FAnswer: C
A. 56.33 B. 65.33
C. 76.61 D. 45.34

19. An atmospheric cooling tower is to provide for the jacket water of a four stroke, 800 KW
diesel generators with useful output of 34% and cooling loss of 30%. The cooling tower
efficiency is 60% at a temperature of approach of 10°C. If ambient air has a relative humidity of
70% and dry bulb temperature of 32°C, determine the cooling water supplied to the diesel
engine in li/hr. Generator efficiency is 97%.Answer: A
A. 41,713 B. 45,232
C. 43,345 D. 47,234

20. 250,000 kg/hr of water at 35°C enters a cooling tower where it is to be cooled to 17.5°C.
The energy is to be exchanged with atmospheric air entering the unit at 15°C and leaving the
unit at 30°C. The air enters at 30% RH and leaves at 85% RH. If all process are assumed to occur
at atmospheric pressure, determine the percentage of total water flow that is make up
water.Answer: D
A. 2.44% B. 8.34%
C. 3.94% D. 2.22%

21. An auditorium is to be maintained at a temperature of 26°C dry bulb and 50% RH. Air is to
be supplied at a temperature not lower than 15°C dry bulb. The sensible heat gain is 110 kW
and the latent heat gain is 37.5 KW. Take ventilating air as 25% by weight of the air from the
room, and is at 35°C dry bulb and 60% RH. Determine the refrigeration capacity in tons?
Answer: C
A. 43.45 B. 54.23
C. 63.28 D. 76.34

22. An assembly hall was to have an air conditioning unit installed which would be maintained
at 26°C dry bulb and at 50% RH. The unit delivers air at 15°C dry bulb temperature and the
calculated sensible heat load is 150 kW and latent heat is 51.3 kW. Twenty percent by weight of
extracted air is made up of outside air at 34°C dry bulb and 60% RH while 80% is extracted by
the air conditioner from the assembly hall. Determine the air conditioners refrigeration capacity
in tons refrigeration and its ventilation load in kW.Answer: A
A. 83.22, 132 B. 75.34, 412
C. 56.23, 45.32 D. 54.23, 83.23

23. An air conditioned heater is to be maintained at 80°F dry bulb temperature and 50% RH.
The calculated total sensible heat load in the theater is 620,000 Btu/hr, and the latent heat load
is 210,000 Btu/hr. The air mixture is 84°F dry bulb and 72°F wet bulb temperature is cooled to
63°F dry bulb and 59°F wet bulb temperature by chilled water cooling coil and delivered as
supply air to the theater. Calculate the tons of refrigeration required.Answer: B
A. 123 B. 125
C. 124 D. 128

24. A room being air conditioned is being held at 25°C dry bulb and 50% relative humidity. A
flow rate of 5 m3/s of supply air at 15°C dry bulb and 80% RH is being delivered to the room to
maintain that steady condition at 100 KPa. What is the sensible heat absorbed from the room
air in KW?Answer: B
A. 50.8 B. 60.8
C. 40.5 D. 70.9

25. Copra enters dryer containing 60% water and 40% solids and leaves with 5% water and 95%
solids. Find the weight of water removed based one each pound of original product.Answer: D
A. 0.34 lb B. 0.63 lb
C. 0.86 lb D. 0.58 lb

26. Copra enters a dryer containing 60% water and 40% solids and leaves with 5% water and
95% solids. Find the weight of water removed based one each pound of final product.Answer: A
A. 1.375 lb B. 1.19 lb
C. 1.872 lb D. 2.345 lb

27. The temperature of the air in a dryer is maintained constant by the use of steam coils within
the dryer. The product enters the dryer at the rate of 1 metric ton per hour. The initial moisture
content is 3 kilograms moisture per kilograms dry solid and will be dried to a moisture content
of 0.10 kg moisture per kg solid. Air enters the dryer with a humidity ratio of 0.016kg moisture
per kg dry air and leaves with a relative humidity of 100% while the temperature remains
constant at 60°C. If the total pressure of air is 101.325 KPa, determine capacity of forced draft
fan to handle this air in m3/min.Answer: D
A. 80 B. 84
C. 82 D. 86

28. Wet material, containing 215% moisture (dry basis) is to be dried at the rate of 1.5 kg/sec in
a continuous dryer to give a product containing 5% moisture (wet basis). The drying medium
consists of air heated to 373°K and containing water vapor equivalent to a partial pressure of
1.40 KPa. The air leaves the dryer at 310°CK and 70% saturated. Calculate how much air will be
required to remove the moisture.Answer: C
A. 213,233 kg/hr B. 177,142 kg/hr
C. 177,242 kg/hr D. 198,234 kg/hr

29. A Dryer is to deliver 1000 kg/hr of palay with a final moisture content of 10%. The initial
moisture content in the feed is 15% at atmospheric condition with 32°C dry bulb and 21
degrees centigrade wet bulb. The dryer is maintained 45°C while the relative humidity of the
hot humid air from the dryer is 80%. If the steam pressure supplied to the heater is 2 MPa,
determine the heat supplied by heater in kw.Answer: B
A. 3.23 B. 5.46
C. 4.23 D. 6.23

30. A Dryer is to deliver 1000 kg/hr of palay with a final moisture content of 10%. The initial
moisture content in the feed is 15% at atmospheric condition with 32°C dry bulb and 21
degrees centigrade wet bulb. The dryer is maintained 45°C while the relative humidity of the
hot humid air from the dryer is 80%. If the steam pressure supplied to the heater is 2 MPa,
determine the air supplied to dryer in m3/hr.Answer: A
A. 1332.25 B. 1532.34
C. 1234.23 D. 1982.34

31. At 30°C, air-vapor mixture has a relative humidity of 70%. Find the humidity ratio if
barometric pressure is 100°C. At 30°C, Psat = 4.246 kPaAnswer: D
A. 0.123 B. 0.986
C. 0.054 D. 0.019

32. The humidity ratio of air is 0.045. If barometric pressure is 101 kPa, find the partial pressure
of water vapor.Answer: C
A. 4.23 kPa B. 7.34 kPa
C. 6.81 kPa D. 5.23 kPa

33. Air at 36°C and pressure of 101.2 kPa has a density of 1.08 kg/m 3. Find the humidity ratio of
air.Answer: A
A. 0.0352 B. 0.6350
C. 0.0635 D. 0.0173

34. What is the enthalpy of the air-vapor mixture at 60% RH and 35°C when the barometric
pressure is 102 kPa? At 35°C: Psat = 5.628, hg = 2565.3Answer: A
A. 89.63 KJ/kg B. 74.23 KJ/kg
C. 67.34 KJ/kg D. 53.34 KJ/kg

35. Air-vapor mixture has an enthalpy of 75 KJ/kg at 30°C. Find the partial pressure of water
vapor. At 30°C: hg = 2556.3 KJ/kgAnswer: D
A. 6.34 kPa B. 1.34 kPa
C. 4.231 kPa D. 2.791 kPa

36. Air in an air conditioner enters at 60% RH with w = 0.021 and leaves at 25°C dry bulb and
16°C wet bulb. If mass of air is 10 kg/s, find the refrigeration capacity in tons of
refrigeration.Answer: B
At 60% RH, w = 0.021: h = 87KJ/kg, v = 0.903 m3/kg
At 25°C db, 16°C wb: h = 45 KJ/kg;
A. 134.34 TR B. 119.45 TR
C. 102.45 TR D. 98.34 TR
37. A 160 kw air conditioner has an initial condition of 40°C and 60% RH and leaves at 40°C db
and 60% RH: h = 112 KJ/kg, w = 0.93m3/kg; At 20°C db and 20% RH: h = 26 KJ/kg.Answer: D
A. 3.22 m3/s B. 2.62 m3/s
3
C. 2.12 m /s D. 1.73 m3/s

38. Outside air in an air conditioning unit has a mass of 50 kg at 45°C is mixed with recirculated
air at 30 kg at 26°C. Find the temperature after mixing.Answer: D
A. 35.23°C B. 43.23°C
C. 37.87°C D. 40.40°C

39. Twenty kilograms air enters the dryer at 25°C db and 30% RH. Fifteen kg of recirculated air
from the dryer has a partial pressure of water vapor of 10 kPa. Find the humidity ratio after
mixing.Answer: A
At 25°C db, 30% RH: w = 0.0059
A. 0.0325 B. 0.1930
C. 0.0653 D. 0.0842

40. Sixty kilogram air with enthalpy of 80 KJ/kg is mixed with another x air until the mixture is
100 kg and 70 kJ/kg enthalpy. Find the enthalpy of x air before mixing.Answer: D
A. 23.23 kJ/kg B. 17.45 kJ/kg
C. 43.75 kJ/kg D. 55.01 kJ/kg

41. An 80% efficient cooling tower has water entering at 48% and wet bulb temperature of air
entering at 25°C. Find the water exit temperature of water. Answer: B
A. 16.23°C B. 29.60°C
C. 32.34°C D. 23.44°C

42. Water enters the cooling water at 50°C and leaves at 28°C while the heat rejected to air is
100 KW. Find the capacity of the pump needed to pump the water
A. 1.08 li/s B. 3.22 li/s
C. 2.34 li/s D. 4.23 li/s

43. The evaporative condenser of an ammonia refrigeration plant has a water flow rate of 130
kg/s and enters at natural draft cooling tower at 43°C. The water is cooled to 30°C by air
entering at 27°C db 24°C wet bulb. The air leaves the tower as 90% RH and 32°C db.
Calculate the percent make-up water needed the tower.Answer: B
At 27°C db and 24°C wb: h = 72.5 KJ/kg, w = 0.0178
At 90% RH and 32°C db: h = 102 KJ/kg, w = 0.0275
A. 2.34% B. 1.79%
C. 3.12% D. 2.84%

44. A cooling tower, cools water from 39°C to 27°C at the rate of 20 kg/s. Air enters he tower at
22°C at the rate of 36 kg/s. Find the temperature of air leaving the tower.Answer: B
A. 50.71°C B. 28.86°C
C. 45.23°C D. 34.45°C

45. The sensible heat rate is 0.8, which of the following is correct?Answer: A
A. 20 latent and 80 sensible heat
B. 80 latent heat and 20 sensible heat
C. 80 sensible heat and 20 sensible heat and latent heat
D. 20 latent heat and 80 sensible and latent heat

46. The amount of sensible heating, the sensible heat ratio of 0.80 and a total cooling load of
100:Answer: A
A. 80 B. 20
C. 100 D. 60

47. A coil has an inlet temperature of 60°F and outlet of 90°F, if the mean temperature of coil is
110°F, find the bypass factor of the coil.Answer: A
A. 0.4 B. 2
C. 1 D. 3

48. A 4m x 4m x 4m room has a relative humidity of 80%. The pressure in the room is 120 kPa
and temperature is 36°C (Psat = 5.628). What is the mass of vapor in the room (Rv= 0.4615
KPa-m3/kg-°K).Answer: A
A. 2.03 B. 1.50
C. 0.80 D. 4.80

49. The evaporative condenser of an ammonia refrigeration plant has a water flowrate of 126
kg per second and enters a natural draft cooling tower at 40°C. The water is cooled to 29°C by
air entering at 38°C and 24°C wb. The air leaves the tower as saturated 40°C db. Calculate the
make-up water required in kg per hour. Answer: C
Water properties:
At 40°C, hf = 167.48 KJ/kg
At 29°C, hg = 121.43 KJ/kg
Air properties:
At 38°C db and 24°C wb:
h = 72.5 KJ/kg
w = 0.013 KJ/kg
At 40°C db saturated:
h = 166 KJ/kg
w = 0.0488 KJ/kg

A. 8977 B. 8699
C. 8003 D. 8388