PROBLEM SET POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

THERMODYNAMICS

1. What is the pressure 8,000 ft. (2000m) below the surface of the ocean? Neglect the
compressibility factor, SI units. Answer: B
A. 21.4 C. 21.0
B. 20.1 D. 22.3

2. What temperature at which water freezes using the Kelvin scale? Answer: B
A. 373 C. 278
B. 273 D. 406

3. The SI units of temperature is: Answer: B

A. oF C. BTU
B. oK D. oR

4. The pressure reading of 35 psi in kPa is: Answer: A

A. 342.72 C. 273.40
B. 724.00 D. 427.30

5. 1 torr is equivalent to pressure Answer: D

A. 1 atm C. 14.7
B. 2mm Hg D. 1/760 atm

6. What is the standard temperature in the US? Answer: A

A. Fahrenheit C. Celsius
B. Rankine D. Kelvin

7. Given steam pressure of 900 lb/ft2, temperature of 300oF, specific volume of 5.8 ft3/lb. If the
specific enthalpy is 9500 ft-lb/lb, what is the internal energy per lb of the system?
Answer: D
A. 4400 C. 3600
B. 3900 D. 4280

8. The barometer reads 29.0 inches (737 mm) of mercury. What is the absolute pressure if a
vacuum gage reads 9.5 psi (66 kPa) in SI? Answer: A
A. 32.02 kPa C. 31.36 kPa
B. 33.04 kPa D. 31.86 kPa

9. A fluid with a vapor pressure of 0.2 Pa and a specific gravity of 12 is used in a barometer. If
the fluid column height is 1m, what is the atmospheric pressure? Answer: D
A. 150.6 kPa C. 144.4 kPa
B. 115.5 kPa D. 117.7 kPa

10. What is the atmospheric pressure on a planet if the pressure is 100 kPa and the gage
pressure is 10 kPa? Answer: D
A. 10 kPa C. 80 kPa
B. 100 kPa D. 90 kPa

11. A column of water 200 cm high will give a pressure equivalent to: Answer: D
A. 9810 dyne/cm2 C. 0.10 bar
B. 0.1 atm D. 19,620 N/m2

12. What is the equivalent oR of 400oK? Answer: A

A. 720.60oR C. 670.27oR
o
B. 851.15 R D. 344.25oR

13. If the temperature inside the furnaces is 700oK, what is the corresponding reading in oF?
Answer:D
A. 700.60 C. 860.60
B. 750.60 D. 800.60

14. If the oF scale is twice the oC scale, what will be the corresponding reading in each scale?
Answer: B
A. 22 oC and 44oF C. 40oC and 80oF
B. 160oC and 320oF D. 100oC and 200oF

15. Water enters the condenser at 25oC and leaves at 40oC. What temperature difference in oF?
Answer: C
A. 25 C. 27
B. 26 D. 28

16. Water enters the heater with 28oC and leaves at 75 oC. What is the temperature change in
o
F? Answer: C
A. 74.80 C. 84.80
B. 38.29 D. 57.36

17. The specific gravity of mercury relative to water is 13.55. What is the specific weight of
mercury? The specific weight of water is 62.4 lb per cubic foot. Answer: B
A. 102.3 kN/m3 C. 150 kN/m3
B. 132.9 kN/m3 D. 82.2 kN/m3

18. An iron block weighs 5 N and has a volume of 200 cm 3 . What is the density of the block?
Answer: C
A. 988 kg/m3 C. 2550 kg/m3
3
B. 1255 kg/m D. 800 kg/m3

19. The suction pressure of a pump reads 540 mmHg vacuum. What is the absolute pressure in
kPa? Answer: D
A. 40 C. 60
B. 3.3 D. 29.3

20. A boiler installed where the atmospheric pressure is 755 mmHg. Has a pressure 12 Kg/cm2
What is the absolute pressure in MPa? Answer: B
A. 1.350 C. 1.200
B. 1.277 D. 1,700
21. A storage tank contains oil with specific gravity of 0.88 and depth of 20 m. What is the
hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of th tank in kg/cm2? Answer: A
A. 1.76 C. 6.0
B. 2.0 D. 3.0
22. A batch of concrete consisted of 200 lbs fine aggregate, 350 lbs coarse aggregate, 94 lbs,
cement, and 5 gallons water. The specific gravity of the sand and gravel may be taken as 2.65
and that of the cement as 3/10/ What was the weight of concrete in place per cubic foot?
Answer: D
A. 172 lbs C. 162 lbs
B. 236 lbs D. 153 lbs

23. A batch of concrete consisted of 200 lbs fine aggregate, 350 lbs coarse aggregate, 94 lbs,
cement, and 5 gallons water. The specific gravity of the sand and gravel may be taken as 2.65
and that of the cement as 3.10. How much by weight of cement is required to produce one
cubic yard? Answer: D
A. 765 C. 675
B. 657 D. 567

24. A cylindrical tank 2 m diameter, 3 m high is full of oil. If specific gravity of oil is 0.9, what is
the mass of oil in the tank? Answer: A
A. 8482 kg C. 1800 kg
B. 4500 kg D. 7000 kg

25. 100 g of water are mixed with 150 g of alcohol (w = 790 kg/m3). What is the specific volume
of the resulting mixtures, assuming the fluids mixed completely? Answer: D
A. 0.82 cm3/kg C. 0.63 cm3/kg
3
B. 0.88 cm /kg D. 1.20 cm3/kg

26. 100 g of water are mixed with 150 g of alcohol (w = 790 kg/m3). What is the specific gravity
of the resulting mixtures, assuming the fluids mixed completely? Answer: D
A. 0.96 C. 0.82
B. 0.63 D. 0.86

27. A spherical tank is full of water that has a total mass of 10,000 kg. If the outside diameter of
the tank is 2722 mm, how thick is the wall of the tank? Answer: B
A. 50 mm C. 30 mm
B. 25 mm D. 35 mm

28. A cylindrical tank is filled with water at the rate of 5000 gal/min. The height if the water in
the tank after minutes is 20.42 ft. What is the diameter of the tank? Answer: B
A. 30 ft C. 20 ft
B. 25 ft D. 9 m

29. Water is flowing through a 1 foot diameter pipe at the rate of 10 m/s. What is the volume
flow of water flowing? Answer: C
A. 7.50 ft3/sec C. 7.85 ft3/sec
B. 7.95 ft3/sec D. 0.22 ft3/sec
 ( )
3
π 2( ) π 2 m 3.28 ft ft
Q= Av= D v = (1 ft ) 10 x =25.761
4 4 s m s
Note the answer C is only possible if velocity is 10 ft/s
30. A certain fluid is flowing in a 0.5 m x 0.3 m channel at the rate of 3 m/sec and has a specific
volume of 0.0012 m3/kg. Determine the mass of water flowing in kg/sec. Answer: C
A. 380 kg/sec C. 375 kg/sec
B. 390 kg/sec D. 370 kg/sec

( )
3
2 m m
Q= Av=( 0.3 × 0.5 ) m 3 =0.45
s s
m3
0.45
Q s kg
m= = 3
=375
v m s
0.0012
kg
31. One useful equation used is the change of enthalpy of compressible liquid with constant
specificheat is:
hsub2 - hsub1 = c(Tsub2 – Tsub1) + v(Psub2 – Psub1)
where: Tsubn = Temperature at state n
Psubn = Pressure at state n
V = specific volume of liquid
Water with enthalpy with csubp = 4.187 KJ/kg-oK and v = 1.00 x 10 -3 m3/kg has the following
states:
State I: Tsub1= 19oC Psub1 = 1. 013 x 105 Pa
State II: Tsub2 = 30oC Psub2 = 0.113 MPa
What is the change in enthalpy from state I to state II? Answer: C
A. 46.0 kPa/kg C. 46.0 KJ/kg
B. 56.0 KJ/kg D. 46.0 KN/kg
h2 −h1=c ( T 2−T 1 ) + v ( P 2−P1 )

( ) ( )
−3 3
kJ 1.00 x 10 m
¿ 4.187 ( 30−19 ) K + ( 113 kPa−101.3 kPa )
kg−K kg
kJ
Δ h=46.07
kg
32. What is the potential energy of a 500 kg body if it is dropped to a height of 100 m?
Answer: A
A. 490.50 kJ C. 560.50 kJ
B. 765.50 kJ D. 645.48 kJ
33. The flow energy of 124 li/min of a fluid passing a boundary to a system is 2 kJ/sec. What is
the pressure at this point. Answer: B
A. 100 kPa C. 1000 kPa
B. 140.30 psi D. 871 KJ
2
E f =V ∫ dP=Vp
1

( )
3
kJ −3 m 1 min
=P 124 x 10
2 ×
s min 60 s
14.7 psi
P=967.74 kPa × =140.40 psi
101.325 kPa
34. Steam at 1000 lb/ft2 pressure and 330oR has a specific volume of 6.5 ft 3/lb and a specific
enthalpy of 9800 ft-lb/lb. Find the internal energy per pound mass of steam. Answer: B
A. 5400 C. 6400
B. 3300 D. 2500
H=U + pV
m c p Δ T =mc v Δ T +mR Δ T
c p=c v + R
kR R
c p= ∧c =
k −1 v k −1
35. Air and fuel enter a furnace used for home heating. The air has an enthalpy of 302 kJ/kg and
the fuel has an enthalpy of 43,207 kJ/kg. The gases leaving the furnace have an enthalpy of 616
kJ/kg of fuel. The house requires 17.6 kW of heat. What is the fuel consumption per day?
Answer: B
A. 85 kg C. 45 kg
B. 41 kg D. 68 kg

ha = 302 kJ/kg
hf = 43,207
kJ/kg
hs = 616 kJ/kg
P = 17.6 kW

E¿ =E out

( )(
kJ
)
kJ kJ
( ma +mf ) 302 kg + 43 ,207 kg =(ma +mf )616 kg +17.6 kW
kJ
17.6 ( )
s
kJ kJ kJ
302 + 43 , 207 −616
kg kg kd
36. The power plant furnace burns coal at the rate of 108,200 kg/hr. Air at 100.8 kPa, 28 oC is
supplied at the rate of 13.8 kg/kg coal. Determine the volume flow rate of air flow in m 3/min.
Answer: A
A. 21,327 m3/min C. 20,435.26 m3/min
3
B. 19,414.63 m /min D. 24,535.54 m3/min
Solving for the mass of air

(
ma=r ( mf )= 13.8
)(
k gair
k g fuel
108,200 )
k g fuel
hr
(
1
60 min
)

kg
ma=24886
min
PV =ma RT

V=
ma RT (
=
24886 )(
kg
min
0.28708 )kJ
kg−K
(28+273)

P kN
100.8 2
m
3
V =21,333.59 m /min
37. The enthalpy of air is increased by 139.586 KJ/kg in a compressor. The rate of air flow is
16.42 kg/min. The power output is 48.2 KW. Which of the following values most nearly equals
the heat loss from the compressor in KW? Answer: A
A. -10 C. -9.95
B. +10.2 D. +9.95
Pin=Pout + Ploss

(
Ploss=P ¿−P out = 139.586
kJ
kg )(
16.42
kg 1 min
min
×
60 )
−( 48.2 kW )
Ploss=−9.999
38. A steam turbine receives 70 pounds of steam per minute with an enthalpy of 1600 Btu per
pound and velocity of 100 ft/sec. It leaves the turbine at 900 ft/sec and 1320 Btu/lb enthalpy.
The radiation loss is 84,000 Btu/hr. Find the horsepower output. Answer: A
A. 403 hp C. 380 hp
B. 400hp D. 410 hp

h2 = 1320BTU/lb
ms = 70 lbs V2 =900 ft/s
h1 = 1600BTU/lb Qr = 84, 000 BTU/hr
V1 =100 ft/s WT

K E1 +m h1=K E2 +m h2+Q R +W T
m ( V 21−V 22 )
WT= +m ( h1−h2 ) −QR
2

lb m ft ft l b f −ft
x − =
min s s min

( )
2
lbs ( 2 ft
100 −900 ) 2
2
70
min
2(32.2 2 )
ft
s
× ( hp−min
33000 ft−lb )
s

( )
lbs BTU 1 hp
+70 ( 1600−1320 )
min lb BTU
42.4
min

( )
−84000 BTU 1hp
=402.90 Hp
hr BTU
2544.4
hr
39. Steam enters a turbine stage with enthalpy of 3628 kJ/kg 70 m/sec and leaves the same
stage with an enthalpy of 2846 kJ/kg and a velocity of 124 m/sec. Calculate the work done by
the steam. Answer: A
A. 776.76 kJ/kg C. 567.23 kJ/kg
B. 873 kJ/kg D. 923.34 kJ/kg
2 2
V 1−V 2 2 2
kJ 70 −124 kJ
W T =( h 1−h2 ) + =( 3628−2846 ) +
2000 kg 2000 kg
 kJ
W T =776.76
kg
40. Steam with an enthalpy of 800 kcal/kg enters a nozzle at a velocity of 80 m/sec. Find the
velocity of the steam at the exit of the nozzle if its enthalpy is reduced tp 750 kcal/kg. Assuming
the nozzle is horizontal and disregarding heat losses. Take g(9.81) m/sec and
J = 427 kg-m/kcal. Answer: D
A. 561.24 m/s C. 52.41 m/s
B. 142.5 m/s D. 652.14 m/s

41. A volume of 450 cc of air is measured at a pressure of 740 mm HG absolute and a

temperature of 20oC. What is the volume in cc at 760 mm HG abs. and 0oC? Answer:B
A. 516.12 C. 620.76
B. 408.25 D. 375.85
P1V 1 P2V 2
=
T1 T2
( 740 ) (450) ( 760 ) (V 2 )
=
(20+273) 273
V 2=408.25 cc
42. Assuming compression is according to the law PV = constant. Calculate the initial volume of
gas at a pressure of 2 bar which will occupy a volume of 6 cubic meters when it is compressed
to a pressure of 42 bar. Answer: A
A. 126 m3 C. 130 m3
B. 120 m3 D. 136 m3
PV =C
P1 V 1=P2 V 2
P2 V 2 ( 42 ) (6) 3
V 1= = =126 m
P1 2
43. How much heat, KJ must be transferred to 20kg of air to increase the temperature from 20
degrees C to 280 degrees C if the pressure is maintained constant. Answer: C
A. 2500 C. 5200
B. 2050 D. 5500
Q=mc p ( 280−20 )

(
¿ ( 20 kg ) 1.0062 )kJ
kg−K
( 280−20 )
Q=5232 kJ
44. If air is at pressure, p, of 3200 lb/ft . And at a temperature, T, of 800oR, what is the specific
2

volume, v? Answer: B
A. 14.2 ft3/lb C. 11.2 ft3/lb
B. 13.3 ft3/lb D. 9.8 ft3/lb
pV =mRT

V RT
=
( =
53.342 )
ft−lb
lb−R
(800 R)

m p lb
3200 2
ft
3
ft
v=13.34
lb
45. The mass of air in the room 3m x 5m x 20m is kNown to be 350 kg. Find its density. Answer:
C
A. 1.617 kg/m3 C. 1.167 kg/m3
B. 1.716 kg/m3 D. 1.176 kg/m
m 350 kg kg
ρ= = =1.167 3
V ( 3 ×5 ×20 ) m 3
m
46. A transportation company specializes in the shipment of pressurized gaseous materials. An
order is received for 100 liters of a particular gas at STP (32 oF and 1 atm). What minimum
volume tank is necessary to transport the gas at 80 oF and a maximum pressure of 8 atm?
Answer: B
A. 16 liters C. 10 liters
B. 14 liters D. 12 liters
P1V 1 P2V 2
=
T1 T2

47. A bicycle has a volume of 600 cm 3. It is inflated with carbon dioxide to pressure of 80 psi at
20oC. How many grams of carbon dioxide are contained in the tire? Answer: A
A. 5.98 g C. 4.63 g
B. 6.43 g D. 3.83 g

( )( )
3
101.325 kPa 3 1m
80 × 600 c m × 3 3
PV PV 14.7 100 m
m= = =

( ) ( )
RT R kJ
(T ) 8.3143
M WCO k l mol −K
2
( 20+ 273 )
12+32
−3
m=5.98 ×10 kgor 5.98 g

48. An ideal gas at 0.60 atm. And 87 oC occupies 0.450 liters. How many moles are in the
sample? (R = 0.0821 atm/mole K) Answer: D
A. 0.0002 mole C. 0.0198 mole
B. 0.0378 mole D. 0.0091 mole
PV =nRT
PV ( 0.6 atm ) (0.45)
n= = =0.0091 mole
RT 0.0821(87+ 273)
49. Air compressed in a diesel engine from an initial pressure of 13 psia and a temperature of
120oF to one twelfth of its original volume. Calculate the final temperature assuming
compression be adiabatic. Answer: D
A. 987 C. 981
B. 980 D. 1107
V1 V1
rk = = =12
V2 1
V
12 1
k−1 1.4−1
T 2=( T 1 )( r k ) =( 120+ 460 ) ( 12 ) =1567.113 R
t=1107.113 ° F

50. The compression ratio of an Otto cycle is 6:1, Psub1 is 14.7 psia, Tsub1 is 68oF. Find the
pressure and temperature at state 2. Answer: D
A. 180.6 psia, 1081oF C. 180.6 psia, 139 oF
B. 180.6 psia, 139 oF D. 180.6 psig, 1081oR
T 2=T 1 ( r k ) =( 68+ 460 ) ( 6 )0.4 =1081° F
k−1
 k k
P1 V 1=P2 V 2
k 1.4
P2=P1 r k = (14.7 psia ) ( 6 ) =180.60 psia
51. An automobile tire is inflated to 30 psig pressure at 50oF. After being driven, the
temperature rise to 75oF. Determine the final gage pressure assuming the volume remains
constant. Answer:A
A. 32.19 psig C. 0 psig
B. 55 psig D. 38.9 psig

52. If 10 m3 of atmospheric air at zero degrees centigrade temperature are compressed to a

volume of 1 m3 at 100oC, what will be the pressure of air in kPa? Answer: B
A. 1500 C. 2000
B. 1384 D. 1000

53. If 8 lbs of a substance receives 240 Btu of heat at constant colume and undergo a
tempearure change of 150oF. What is the average specific heat of the substance during the
process? Answer: D
A. 0.30 Btu/lb-oF C. 0.50 Btu/lb-oF
B. 0.25 Btu/lb-oF D. 0.20 Btu/lb-oF

54. A certain gas at 101.325 kPa and 16 oC whose volume is 2.83 m3 are compressed into a
storage vessel of 0.31 m3 capacity. Before admission, the storage vessel contained the gas at a
pressure and temperature at 137.8 kPa and 24 oC; after temperature of the gas in the vessel in
Kelvin? Answer: B
A. 298.0 C. 180.0
B. 319.8 D. 420.0

55. The temperature of an ideal gas remains constant while the absolute pressure changes from
103.4 kPa to 827.2 kPa. If the initial volume is 80 liters, what is the final volume? Answer:B
A. 100 li C. 8 li
B. 10 li D. 1000 li

56. What is the density of air under standard condition: Answer: C

A. 1.1 kg/m3 C. 1.2 kg/ m3
B. 1 kg/ m3 D. 1 KN/ m3

57. What is the specific volume of an air at 30oC and 150 kPa? Answer: D
A. 1 m3/kg C. 1.2 m3/kg
B. 0.5 m3/kg D. 0.579 m3/kg

58. The compression ratio of an Otto cycle is 5. If the initial pressure is 100 kPa, determine the
final pressure. Answer: B
A. 1000 kPa C. 300 kPa
B. 952 kPa D. 100 kPa

59. How much work is done when 20 ft3 of an air is initially at a pressure of 15 psia and a
temperature of 40oF experience an increase of pressure to 80 psi while volume remains
constant? Answer: C
A. 1000 Btu C. Zero
B. 3000 Btu D. 2000 Btu
60. A perfect gas has a value of R = 58.8 ft-lb/lb-oR and k = 1.26. Btu are added to 5 lbs of this
gas at constant volume when initial temperature is 90oF, find the initial temperature. Answer:
B
A. 100oF C. 154 oF
o
B. 104 F D. 185 oF

61. While the pressure remains constant and 689.5 kPa, the volume of air changes from 0.567
m3 to 0.283 m3. What is the work done?Answer: A
A. -196 kJ C. 206 kJ
B. 204 kJ D. -406 kJ

62. During the polytropic process of an ideal gas, the state changes from 20 psia and 40 oF to
120 psia and 340oF. Determine the value of n. Answer: C
A. 1.233 C. 1.355
B. 1.255 D. 1.400

63. A group of 50 persons attend a secret meeting in a room which is 12 meters wide by 10
meters long and a ceiling height of 3 m. The room is completely sealed off and insulated. Each
person gives off 120 kcal per hour of heat and occupies a volume of 0.2 m3. The room has an
initial pressure of 101.3 kPa and temperature of 16oC. Calculate the room temperature after 10
minutes. Answer: B
A. 36.35 C. 23.24
B. 33.10 D. 76.32

64. The compression ratio of an ideal Otto cycle is 6:1. Initial conditions are 101.3 kPa and 20 oC.
Find the pressure and temperature at the end of adiabatic compression. Answer: A
A. 1244.5 kPa, 599.96oK C. 1244.5 kPa, 60oC
B. 1244.5 kPa, gage, 60oC D. 1244.5 kPa, 599.96oC

65. Ammonia weighing 22 kgs is confirmed inside a cylinder equipped with a piston has an
initial pressure of 413 kPa and 38oC. If 2900 kJ if heat is added to the ammonia until its final
pressure and temperature are 413 kPa and 100oC, respectively, what is the amount of work
done by the fluid in KJ? Answer: A
A. 667 C. 420
B. 304 D. 502

66. Determine the average Cp value in kJ/kg-K of a gas of 522 kJ/kg of heat is necessary to raise
the temperature from 300oK to 800oK making the pressure constant: Answer: B
A. 1.440 B. 1.044
C. 1.038 D. 1.026

67. A tank contains 80 ft3 of air at a pressure of 350 psi; if the air is cooled until its pressure and
temperature decreases to 200 psi and 70 oF respectively, what is the decrease in internal
energy? Answer: B
A. +4575 C. 5552
B. -5544 D. 0

Solving for the mass of the air

 ( )
2
in
( 200 psi ) 144 2 ( 80 f t 3 )
PV ft
m= = =81.496 lbs
RT
( 53.342
lbs−ft
lbs−R )
(70+ 460)

P1 V 1 350 psi(144)(80)
T 1= = =927.502 R
mR lbs−ft
( 81.496 lbs ) (53.342 )
lbs−R

Δ U =( 81.496 lbs ) ( 0.17lb−R

BTU
)(530−927.502) R
Δ U =−5507

68. If 10 lbs of water are evaporated at atmospheric pressure until a volume of 288.5 ft 3 is
computed, how much work is done? Answer: C
A. 1680 Btu C. 610000 ft-lb
B. No work D. 550000 ft-lb
m 10 3
For V1 = = =0.160 f t
ρ 62.4

W =P ( V 2−V 1 )=( 14.7 )( 144 ) ¿) =610, 358 ft – lb

69. A large mining company was provided with a 3 m 3 of compressed air tank. Air pressure in
the tank drops from 700 kPa to 180 kPa while the temperature remains constant at 28 oC. What
percentage has the mass of air in the tank been reduced? Answer: A
A. 74 C. 76
B. 72 D. 78
m1 −m2
%Reduction∈mass= ×100 %
m1
P1 V 1 P2 V 2
−
RT1 RT2
¿
P1 V 1
R T1
V 1=V 2 , T 2=T 1 ,
P 1−P2 700−180
¿ ×100 %= ×100 %
P1 700
%Reduction∈mass=74 %

70. In a diesel cycle, the air compressed to one-tenth of its original volume. If the initial
temperature of the air is 27oC, what is the final temperature? Answer: D
A. 420oC C. 460 oC
o
B. 440 C D. 480 oC
V1 V1
rk = = =10
V2 1
V
10 1
 k−1 0.4
T 2=T 1 r k = (300 )( 10 ) =753.57 K
t=480.57° C
71. Determine the vacuum efficiency of a surface condenser which operates at a vacuum of
635mm Hg and exhaust steam enters the condenser at 45.81 o. The barometric is 760 mm Hg.
Answer: C
A. 80.4 % C. 92.2%
B. 85.2% D. 98.3%

Actual Vacuum
Vacuum Effeciency=
Patm −P|¿|of steam ¿

72. A 4 m3/hr pump delivers water to a pressure tank. At the start, the gage reads 138 kPa until
inreads 276 kPa and then the pump was shut off. The volume of the tank is 150 liters. At 276
kPa the water occupied 2/3 of the tank volume. Determine the volume of water that can be
taken out unitl the gage reads 138 kPa. Answer: D
A. 31.20 liters C. 16.87 liters
B. 65.32 liters D. 29.50 liters
1
V 2= ( 150 )=50 lits
3
P1 V 1=P2 V 2
( 138+101.325 ) ( V 1 ) =( 276+101.325 ) ( 50 )
V 1=78.831
Volume to be taken out = 2/3(150) – (150 – 78.831) = 28.831
73. How much work is necessary to compress air in an insulated cylinder flitrom 0.20 m3 to
0.01m3. Use T = 20oC and P1 = 100 kPa. Answer: D
A. 113.4 kJ C. 110.1 kJ
B. 121.4 kJ D. 115.6 kJ

74. A gas initially 103.4 kPa and 0.0566 m3 undergoes a process to 620.36 kPa and 0.017 m3
during which the enthalpy increases by 16.35 KJ, Cv = 10.217 kJ/kg oK. Determine the Cp of gas.
Answer: A
A. 14.33 kJ/kg-oK C. 13.23 kJ/kg-oK
B. 2.34 Btu/lb-oR D. 10.76 Btu/lb-oK

75. A perfect gas has a value of R = 5808 ft-lb/lb- oR and k = 1.26. If 20 Btu are added to 5 lb of
this gas at constant volume when initial temperature is 90oF, find the final temperature.
Answer: C
A. 100.76oC C. 103.76 oC
B. 167.76 oC D. 145.76 oC

76. While the pressure remains constant at 689.5 kPa the volume of a system of air changes
from 0.567 m3 to 0.283 m3. Find the change of internal energy. Answer: B
A. 389.68 kJ C. 678.68 kJ
B. 493.63 kJ D. 245.68 kJ

77. If initial volume of an ideal gas is compressed to one half its original volume and to twice its
original temperature, the pressure. Answer: B
A. Doubles C. Remains constant
B. Quadruples D. Halves

78. What horsepower is required to isothermally compress 800 ft3 of air per minute from
14.7psia to 120 psia? Answer: D
A. 13900 Hp C. 256 Hp
B. 28 Hp D. 108 Hp

79. An ideal gas at 45 psig and 80 oF is heated in a closed container to 130 oF. What is the final
pressure? Answer

80. A Carnot engine requires 35 kJ/sec from the hot source. The engine produces 15 kW of
power plant the temperature of the sink 26oC. What is the temperature of the hot source?
Answer C
A. 245.57 C. 250.18
B. 210.10 D. 260.68

81. A Carnot engine receives 130 Btu of heat from a hot reservoir at 700 oF and rejects 49 Btu of
heat. Calculate the temperature of the cold reservoir. Answer: D
A. -21.9oF C. -20.8oF
o
B. -24.2 F D. -22.7oF

82. The maximum thermal efficiency possible for a power cycle operating between 1200 oF and
225 oF is:
A. 58% C. 57.54%
B. 58.73% D. 57.40%

83. A heat engine is operated between temperature limits of 1370 oC and 260oC. Engine supplies
with 14,142 KJ per KWH. Find the Carnot cycle efficiency in percent. Answer: C
A. 70.10 C. 67.56
B. 65.05 D. 69.32

84. An Otto cycle has clearance volume of 7%. It produces 300 kW power. What is the amount
of heat rejected in KW? Answer: C
A. 170 C. 152
B. 160 D. 145

85. A closed vessel contains air at a pressure of 160 kN/m 2 gauge and temperature of 30 oC. The
air is heated at constant volume of 60 oC with the atmospheric pressure as 759 mm Hg. What is
the final gauge pressure? Answer: C
A. 174 C. 185.8
B. 169 D. 172

86. An air standard engine has a compression ratio of 20 and cut-off ratio of 5. If the intake air
pressure and temperature are 100 kPa and 27oC, find the work in KJ per kg. Answer: B
A. 2976 C. 2437
B. 2166 D. 2751
87. The thermal efficiency of a particular engine operating on an ideal cycle is 35%. Calculate
the heat supplied per 1200 watt-hr of work developed in KJ. Answer:A
A. 12343 C. 14218
B. 10216 D. 11108

88. In an air standard Otto cycle, the clearance volume is 18% of the displacement volume. Find
the compression ratio and or thermal efficiency. Answer: C
A. 0.52 C. 0.55
B. 0.53 D. 0.60

89. The clearance of a diesel cycle is 1.0%. If initial temperature is 27 oC, determine the final
temperature. Answer: A
A. 510oC C. 540 oC
B. 610 oC D. 1000 oC

90. For an ideal cycle with overall value of k = 1.33, compression ratio is 15 and cur-off ratio of
2.1, determine the cycle efficiency.Answer: B
A. 50.62% C. 46%
B. 52.90% D. 49%

91. An ideal Otto cycle with 15% clearance operates on 0.227 kg/sec of air with k = 1.32.
Determine the efficiency of the cycle. Answer: D
A. 50.65% C. 41.32%
B. 43.84% D. 47.89%

92. An ideal Otto cycle, operating in hot air with k = 1.34 has compression ratio of 5. Determine
the efficiency of the cycle. Answer: A
A. 42.14% C. 64.27%
B. 62.27% D. 36.46%

93. An engine operates on the air standard Otto cycle. The cycle work is 900 kJ/kg, the
maximum cycle temperature at the end of isentropic compression is 600 oC. Determine the
engines compression ratio. Answer: A
A. 6.388 C. 8.67
B. 10.45 D. 7.87

94. In an air standard diesel cycle, compression starts at 100 kPa and 300 oK. The compression
ratio is 16 to 1. The maximum cycle temperature is 2031 oK. Determine the cycle efficiency.
Answer: C
A. 60.34% C. 65.98%
B. 56.23% D. 45.45%

95. A diesel engine is operating on a 4-stroke cycle, has a heat rate of 11315.6 kJ/kW-hr brake.
The compression ratio is 13. The cut-off ratio is 2. Using k = 1.32, what is the brake engine
efficiency. Answer: A
A. 63.5% C. 73.5%
B. 51.2% D. 45.3%
96. Determine the air-standard efficiency of an engine operating on the diesel cycle with
clearance of 8% when the suction pressure is 99.97 kPa and the fuel is injected for 6% of the
stroke. Assume k = 1.4. Answer: D
A. 63.5% C. 73.5%
B. 51.2% D. 60.02%

97. A heat engine (Carnot cycle) has its intake and exhaust temperature if 157 oC and 100oC,
respectively. What is its efficiency? Answer: D
A. 12.65% C. 15.35%
B. 14.75% D. 13.25%

98. Find the enthalpy of 100 psi and 97% quality, hf = 298.55 Btu/lb; hfg = 889.119 Btu/lb.
Answer: B
A. 1170 Btu/lb C. 1734 Btu/lb
B. 1161 Btu/lb D. 1803 Btu/lb

99. 180 grams of saturated water of temperature 95 oC undergoes evaporation process until all
vapour completely vaporized. Determine the changed in volume. At 95oC, v f= 0.0010397 m3/kg.
Answer: D
A. 0.1656 m3 C. 0.2565 m3
B. 0.4235 m3 D. 0.3656 m3

100. Five kilograms of saturated liquid at kPa is heated until its moisture content is 5%. Find the
work done for this process. Answer A
A. 813.59 KJ/kg C. 542.34 KJ/kg
B. 643.23 KJ/kg D. 753.12 KJ/kg

101. Twenty kilograms of water at 40oC is confined in a rigid vessel. The heat is supplied until all
the water is completely vaporized. Find the heat added in kJ. Answer: C
A. 45,422 kJ C. 45,252 kJ
B. 43,122 kJ D. 65,233 kJ

102. Steam at 2 MPa and 250oC in a rigid cylinder is cooled until the quality is 50%. Find the
heat rejected from the cylinder.
At 2 MPa and 250oC
V = 0.11144 m3/kg u = 2679.6 KJ/kg
2 MPa, (saturated)
Vf = 0.0011767 m3/kg vg = 0.09963 m3/kg uf = 906.44 1693.8 Answer: B
A. -432.23 KJ/kg C. -834.55 KJ/kg
B. -926.26 KJ/kg D. 1082.34 KJ/kg

103. At 1.3 Find the entropy in KJ/kg-K at 90% moisture of a 1 MPa steam-water mixture?
At 1 MPa: sg = 6.5865 sfg = 4.4478
A. 4.87
B. 6.34
C. 2.583
D. 4.36
104. At 1.3 MPa, mixture steam and water has an entropy of 4 kJ/kg-K. Find the enthalpy of the
mixture. At 1.3 MPa: sf = 2.2515, sg = 6.4953, hf = 514.93, hfg = 1972.7 Answer: A
A. 1627.71 KJ/kg C. 1234.45 KJ/kg
B. 1533.33 KJ/kg D. 1734.45 KJ/kg

105. Mixture with 80% quality at 500 kPa is heated isothermally until its pressure is 300 kPa.
Find the heat added during the process.
At 500 kPa: sf = 1.8607, sfg = 4.9606
At 300 kPa and 151.86oC: s = 7.0888 kJ/kg Answer: B
A. 652.34 KJ/kg C. 983.44 KJ/kg
B. 535.16 KJ/kg D. 765.34 KJ/kg

106. A tank contains exactly one kilogram of water consisting of liquid and vapor in equilibrium
at 1 MPa. If the liquid and vapor each occupy one-half the volume of the tank, what is the
enthalpy of the content of the tank? Answer: B
A. 644.40 KJ/kg C. 833.40 KJ/kg
B. 774.40 KJ/kg D. 435.29 KJ/kg

107. A vessel with a volume of 1 m3 contains liquid water and water vapor in equilibrium at
600kPa. The liquid water has a mass of 1 kg. Using steam tables, calculate the mass of water
vapor. Answer: A
A. 3.16 kg C. 1.57 kg
B. 0.99 kg D. 1.89 kg

108. Water substance at 70 bar and 65 oC enters a boiler tube of constant inside diameter of 25
mm. The water leaves the boiler tube at 50 bar and 700 oK at velocity of 100 m/s. Calculate the
inlet velocity (m/sec) Answer: C
A. 1.56 C. 1.672
B. 2.12 D. 3.230

109. Water substance at 70 bar and 65 oC enters a boiler tube of constant inside diameter of
25mm. The water leaves the boiler tube at 50 bar and 700 oK at velocity of 100 m/s. Calculate
the inlet volume of 100 m/s. Calculate the inlet volume flow (lit/sec) Answer: A
A. 0.821 C. 0.344
B. 1.561 D. 2.133

110. One lb (0.455kg) of a mixture of steam and water at 160 psia (1103.2 kPa) is in rigid vessel.
Heat is added to the vessel until the content is at 560 psia (3861.2 kPa) and 600 oF (315.55oC).
Determine the quantity of heat in KJ added to the water and steam in the tank. Answer: A
A. 1423.70 C. 1562.34
B. 1392.34 D. 1294.45

111. Steam at the rate of 600 kg/hr is produced by a steady flow system boiler from feedwater
entering at 40oC. Find the rate at which heat is transformed in Kcal per hour if enthalpy of
steam is 660 Kcal/kg and of the feedwater at 40 Kcal/kg. Answer: A
A. 372000 C. 34520
B. 387000 D. 312444

112. Steam leaves and industrial boiler at 827.4 kPa and 171.6oC. A portion of the steam is
passed through a throttling calorimeter and is exhausted to the atmosphere when the
calorimeter pressure is 101.4 kPa. How much moisture does the steam leaving the boiler
contain if the temperature is 115.6oC? Answer: B
A. 3.78% C. 4.56%
B. 3.08% D. 2.34%

113. Steam enters a throttling calorimeter at a pressure of 1.03 MPa. The calorimeter
downstream pressure and temperature are respectively 0.100 MPa and 125 oC. What is the
percentage moisture if the supply steam?
Properties of steam:
P, 1.03 MPa hf = 768.38 kJ/kg hfg =2010.7 kJ/kg hg=2779.25 kJ/kg
Note: @ 0.1.. MPa and 125oC: h = 2726.6 kJ/kg. Answer: A
A. 2.62 C. 3.15
B. 5.21 D. 1.98

114. A vessel of 0.058 m3 capacity is well insulated and is divided equally by a rigid conducting
diaphragm. Initially both halves contain air at pressure of 137.8 kPa and 413.4 kPa and
temperature 27oC and 177oC respectively. What is the increase of entropy of the system in
KJ/oC? Answer: C
A. 1.002 C. 0.00173
B. 0.5080 D. 0.1080

115. Using steam table. Find the enthalpy of steam at kPa if its specific volume is 0.3598 m 3/kg.
Answer: A
A. 1625.86 kJ/kg C. 1543.45 kJ/kg
B. 1785.34 kJ/kg D. 1687.55 kJ/kg

116. A throttling calorimeter is connected to the desuoerheated steam line supplying steam to
the auxiliary feed pump on a ship. The line pressure measures 2.5 MPa. The calorimeter
pressure of 137.8 kPa and 413.4 kPa and temperature of 27 oC and 177oC respectively. What is
the increase of entropy of the system in KJ/oC? Answer: C
A. 6.8 kJ/kg-oK C. 6.6 kJ/kg-oK
B. 7.2 kJ/kg-oK D. 7.5 kJ/kg-oK

117. Steam enters an isothermal compressor at 400 oC and 100 kPa. The exit pressure is 10 MPa,
determine the change of enthalpy. Answer: D
A. 198 KJ/kg C. 187 KJ/kg
B. 178 KJ/kg D. 182 KJ/kg

118. Steam enters an adiabatic at 300oC and 400 kPa. It exits as a saturated vapor at 30 kPa.
Determine the work done. Answer: B
A. 476.34 KJ/kg C. 436.33 KJ/kg
B. 441.50 KJ/kg D. 524.34 KJ/kg

119. A 0.5 m3 tank contains saturated steam at 300 kPa. Heat is transferred until pressure
reaches 100 kPa. Find the final temperature.Answer: C
A. 94.45oC C. 99.63oC
B. 83.23oC D. 103.2oC
120. A 500 li contains a saturated mixture of steam and water at 300 oC. Determine the mass of
vapour if their volumes are equal. Answer: A
A. 11.54 kg C. 13.45 kg
B. 10.34 kg D. 16.34 kg

121. A 1 kg steam-water mixture at 1.0 MPa is contained in an inflexible tank. Heat is added
until the pressure rises to 3.5 MPa and 400oC. Determine the heat added. Answer: A
A. 1378.64 KJ C. 1456.78 KJ
B. 1532.56 KJ D. 1635.45 KJ

122. Atmospheric pressure boils at 212oF. At the vacuum pressure at 24 in Hg, the temperature
is 142oF. Find the boiling temperature when the pressure is increased by 45 psia. Answer: C
A. 342.34oF C. 479.13oF
B. 526.34oF D. 263.45oF

123. What is the temperature in degree C of 2 liters of water at 30 oC after 500 calories of heat
have been added to? Answer: B
A. 35.70 C. 38.00
B. 30.25 D. 39.75

124. A mass of 0.36 kg metal having a temperature of 100 oC is plunged into 0.04 kg if water at
20oC. The temperature of the water and metal becomes 48 oC. The latent heat of ice at 0oC is
335 KJ/kgoK, Assuming no heat loss to the surroundings, determine the specific heat capacity of
the metal in KJ/kg-oK. Answer: D
A. 0.234 C. 0.754
B. 0.564 D. 0.451

125. What is the total energy required heating in raising the temperature of a given amount of
water when the energy applied is 1000 KWH with heat losses of 25%? Answer: C
A. 1000 C. 1333
B. 1500 D. 1250

126. A 30 kg iron was put in a container with 14.33 kg water. The water is at 10 oC and the iron
has an initial temperature of 439oK until the iron was in thermal equilibrium with water. Find
the change in entropy. (Cp = 0.4 KJ/kgoK) Answer: D
A. -12.56 KJ/oK C. -25.78 KJ/oK
B. -43.58 KJ/oK D. -6.6 KJ/ok

FUELS & COMBUSTION

1. A diesel power plant consumes 650 liters of fuel at 26oC in 24 hours with 28 oAPI. Find the
fuel rate in kg/hr. Answer: A
A. 23.83 B. 24.85
C. 22.85 D. 26.85

2. A boiler burns fuel oil with 15% excess air. The fuel oil may be represented by C 14H34.
Calculate the molal air fuel ratio. Answer: B
A. 14 B. 117.69
C. 102.3 D. 17.14

3. A diesel power plant uses fuel that has a density of 892.74 kg/m 3 at 15.67oC. Find the heating
value of fuel. Answer: A
A. 44,900 kJ/kg B. 19,301 Btu/lb
C. 43,000 kJ/kg D. 4356.2 kJ/kg

4. A certain coal has the following ultimate analysis:

C = 69% N2 = 5% H2 = 2.5% S = 7%
Moisture = 8% O2 = 3.5% Ash = 5%
Determine the heating value of fuel used.Answer: A
A. 26,961.45 kJ/kg B. 45,256 kJ/kg
C. 25,002.4 kJ/kg D. 26,000 kJ/kg

5. A diesel power plant uses fuel with heating value of 45,038.8 kJ/kg. What is the density of
fuel used at 30°C?Answer: D
A. 0.900 kg/li B. 0.887 kg/li
C. 0.850 kg/li D. 0.878 kg/li

6. A diesel engine consumed 945 liter of fuel per day at 30°C. If the fuel was purchased at
15.5°C and 30° API at P5.00/li, determined the cost of fuel to operate the engine per day.
Answer: B
A. P5677.50 B. P4677.50
C. P4888.90 D. P5000.00

7. A cylindrical tank 3 m long and 2 m diameter is used for oil storage. How many days can the
tank supply the engine having 27° API with fuel consumption of 60 kg/hr. Answer: B
A. 4.84 B. 5.84
C. 7.84 D. 8.84

8. Determine the minimum volume of day tank in m3 of 28° API fuel having a fuel consumption
of 200 kg/hr. Answer: B
A. 10.43 m3 B. 5.41 m3
C. 6.87 m3 D. 7.56 m3
9. Given the following ultimate analysis:
C = 70% O2 = 4% N2 = 5%
S2 = 6% Moisture = 8% H2 = 3% Ash = 5%
Using 25% excess air, determine the actual air fuel ratio. Answer: A
A. 11.46 B. 24.85
C. 23.85 D. 26.85

10. A 650 Bhp diesel engine uses fuel oil of 28° API gravity, fuel consumption is 0.65 lb/Bhp-hr.
Cost of fuel is P7.95 per liter. For continuous operation, determine the minimum volume of
cubical day tank in cm3, ambient temperature is 45°C. Answer: A
A. 5,291,880 cm3 B. 5,391,880 cm3
C. 5,491,880 cm3 D. 5,591,880 cm3
11. A 650 Bhp diesel engine uses fuel oil of 28° API gravity, fuel consumption is 0.65lb/Bhp-hr.
Cost of fuel is P7.95 per liter. For continuous operation, determine the cost of fuel per day at
45°C. Answer: B
A. P42,870.45 B. P42,070.45
C. P42,570.45 D. P42,170.45

12. A logging firm in Isabela operates a Diesel Electric Plant to supply its electric energy
requirements. During a 24 hour period, the plant consumed 250 gallons of fuel at 80°F and
produced 2700 KW-Hrs. Industrial fuel used is 30° API and was purchased at P3.00li/at 60°F.
Determine cost of fuel to produce one Kwh. Answer: C
A. P3,043/kW-h B. P4,043/kW-h
C. P1,043/kW-h D. P2,043/kW-h

13. A logging firm in Isabela operates a Diesel Electric Plant to supply its electric energy
requirements. During a 24 hour period, the plant consumed 250 gallons of fuel at 80°F and
produced 2700 KW-hrs. Industrial fuel used is 30° API and was purchased at P3.00/li at 60°F.
Determine the overall thermal efficiency of the plant. Answer: A
A. 26.08% B. 43.23%
C. 43.12% D. 18.46%

14. A diesel electric plant in one of the remote provinces in the south utilized diesel fuel with a
°API of 28 at 15.6°C. The plant consumes 680 liters of diesel fuel at 26.6°C in 24 hrs, while the
power generated for the same period amounts to 1,980 kW-hrs. Determine overall thermal
efficiency of the plant. Answer: A
A. 26.47% B. 12.34%
C. 23.45% D. 34.34%

15. A circular fuel tank 45 feet long and 5.5 feet diameter is used for oil storage. Calculate the
number of days the supply tank can hold for continuous operation the following conditions:
Steam flow = 2000 lbs/hr
Steam dry and saturated at 200 psia
Feedwater temperature = 230°F Boiler Efficiency = 75%
Fuel oil = 34° API Answer: B
A. 12.34 B. 17.58
C. 13.45 D. 23.44

16. A steam generator burns fuel oil with 20% excess air. The fuel oil may be represented by
C14H30. The fuel gas leaves the preheater at 0.31 MPa. Determine the actual air-fuel ratio in kg
air per kg fuel. Answer: A
A. 17.89 B. 15.67
C. 12.34 D. 19.45

17. A steam generation burns fuel oil with 20% excess air. The fuel oil may be represented by
C14H30. The fuel gases leave the preheater at 0.31 MPa. Determine partial pressure of H 2O.
Answer: C
A. 23.34 kPa B. 29.34 kPa
C. 35.7 kPa D. 32.34 kPa

18. In the boiler design, it is desired to have the flue gas exit temperature above the dew point.
Estimate the dew point temperature of the flue gas produced by combustion having the
gravimetric analysis of: N2 = 71.84% CO2 = 20.35% O2 = 3.61% H2O = 4.20% Answer: D
A. 32°C B. 23°C
C. 45°C D. 39°C

19. A flue gas has following volumetric analysis:

CH4 = 68% C2H6 = 32%
Assume a complete combustion with 15% excess air at 101.325 KPa, what is the partial pressure
of water vapor in KPa. Answer: A
A. 15.95 B. 23.12
C. 12.45 D. 27.34

20. The dry exhaust gas from oil engine has the following gravimetric analysis: CO2 = 21.6%
O2 = 4.2% N2 = 74.2% Specific heat at constant pressure for each components of the exhaust
gas in Kcal/kg °C are: CO2 = 0.203 O2 = 0.219 N2 = 0.248. Calculate the gas constant in
J/kg°K.Answer: A
A. 272 B. 276
C. 274 D. 278

21. The dry exhaust gas from oil engine has the following gravimetric analysis:
CO2 = 21.6% O2 = 4.2% N2 = 74.2%
Specific heat at constant pressure for each component of the exhaust gas in Kcal/kg °C is:
CO2 = 0.203 O2 = 0.219 N2 = 0.248
Calculate the specific gravity if the molecular weight of air is 28.97 kg/kg-mol. Answer: C
A. 0.981 B. 1.244
C. 1.055 D. 0.542

22. The dry gas from oil engine has the following gravimetric analysis:
CO2 = 21.6% O2 = 4.2% N2 = 74.2%
Specific heat at constant pressure for each component of the exhaust gas in Kcal/kg °C is:
CO2 = 0.203 O2 = 0.219 N2 = 0.248
Calculate the specific heat for the gas in KJ/kg - °K. Answer: B
A. 0.872 B. 0.992
C. 0.452 D. 0.673

23. A bituminous coal has the following composition:

C = 71.5% H = 5.0% O = 7.0% N = 1.3
S = 3.6% Ash = 8.2% W = 3.4%
Determine the theoretical weight of Oxygen in lb/lb of coal. Answer: C
A. 2.870 B. 3.120
C. 2.274 D. 6.233

24. There are 20 kg of flue gases formed per kg of fuel oil burned in the combustion of a fuel oil
C12H26. What is the excess air in percent?Answer: A
A. 26.67% B. 18.34%
C. 12.34% D. 20.45%

25. A gaseous fuel mixture has a molal analysis:

H2 = 14% CH4 = 3% CO = 27%
 O2 = 0.6% CO2 = 4.5% N2 = 50.9%
Determine the air-fuel ratio for complete combustion on molal basis. Answer: C
A. 2.130 B. 3.230
C. 1.233 D. 1.130

26. A steam generation burns fuel oil that has the following chemical analysis by mass in
percent: C = 85.3 H2 = 14.1 S = 0.5 N2 = 0.1 Answer: C
A. 19.85 B. 11.14
C. 17.93 D. 14.20

27. Calculate the theoretical air needed for the complete combustion of ethane C2H6 for 20 kg
fuel.
Answer: D
A. 432.23 kg B. 287.45 kg
C. 234.45 kg D. 320.32 kg

28. A fuel oil burned with 50 percent excess air, and the combustion characteristics of the fuel
oil are similar to C12H26. Determine the volumetric (molal) analysis of CO2 in the production of
combustion. Answer: B
A. 9.34% B. 8.66%
C. 6.34% D. 7.45%
29. Fuel oil, C12H26 is burned in air at atmospheric pressure. The Orsat analysis of the products of
combustion yields.
CO2 : 12.8% O2 : 3.5% CO : 0.2% N2 : 83.5%
Determine the percent excess air. Answer: C
A. 12.34% B. 8.34%
C. 10.52% D. 18.45%

30. An unknown fuel has the following Orsat analysis:

CO2 : 12.5% CO : 0.3% O2 : 3.1% N2 : 84.1%
Determine the actual air – fuel in kg air per kg fuel. Answer: A
A. 17.13 B. 12.34
C. 19.23 D. 23.23

31. What mass of liquid oxygen is required to completely burned 1000kg of liquid butane, C 4H10
on a rocket ship? Answer: C
A. 4568 B. 2746
C. 3586 D. 6345

32. A volumetric analysis of a gas mixture is as follows:

CO2 : 12.5% O2 : 4% N2 : 82% CO : 2%
What is the percentage of CO on a mass basis? Answer: D
A. 1.0% B. 1.5%
C. 1.2% D. 1.9%

33. What is the percent theoretical air for a combustion process to which the fuel and
combustion gas analysis are known as follows:Answer: A
Fuel: % by volume
CO2 : 12.4% CO : 27% H2 : 2.2% N2 : 58.4%
Combustion gas: % by volume
CO2 : 24.6% O2 : 1.0% H2 : 74.4%
A. 111 B. 116
C. 121 D. 126

VARIABLE LOAD

1. A 50 MW power plant has an average load of 31,500 kW and a factor of 70%. Find the
reserve over peak. Answer: C
A. 4 MW B. 3 MW
C. 5 MW D. 6 MW

2. The daily energy produced in a certain power is 280,000 KW – hrs. What is the daily average
load? Answer: D
A. 10 MW B. 15 MW
C. 25 MW D. 20 MW
3. The annual energy produced in a 100 MW power plant is 438,000,000 kW – hrs. What is the
annual capacity factor of the plant? Answer: B
A. 40% B. 50%
C. 35% D. 60%

4. A power plant has a use factor of 50% and factor of 44%. How many hours did it operate
during the year? Answer: C
A. 7700 hrs. B. 7800 hrs.
C. 7709 hrs. D. 7805 hrs.

STEAM CYCLE

1. In a Rankine cycle steam enters the turbine at 2.5 MPa (enthalpies & entropies given) and
condenser of 50 KPa (properties given), what is the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Answer A
At 2.5 MPa: hg = 2803.1 KJ/kg sg = 6.2575
At 50 kPa: sf = 1.0910 sfg = 6.5029
hf = 340.49 hfg = 2305.4 vf = 0.0010300
A. 25.55% B. 45.23%
C. 34.23% D. 12.34%

2. In an ideal Rankine cycle, the steam throttle condition is 4.10 MPa and 4400C. If turbine
exhaust is 0.105 MPa, determine the pump work in KJ per kg. Answer C
A. 6.34 B. 5.34
C. 4.17 D. 2.12

3. A thermal power plant generates 5 MW has also 300 MW power needed for auxiliaries. If the
heat generated by fuel is 13,000 kJ/sec, determine the net thermal efficiency. Answer B
A. 35.78% B. 36.15%
C. 30.56% D. 33.67

4. In an ideal Rankine cycle, the steam throttle condition is 4.10 MPa and 440 oC. If turbine
exhaust is 0.105 MPa, determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Answer B
A. 20.34% B. 27.55%
C. 34.44% D. 43.12%

5. In a Rankine cycle, saturated liquid water at 1 bar is compressed isentropically to 150 bar.
First by heating in a boiler, and then by superheating at constant pressure of 150 bar, the
water substance is brought to 7500K. After adiabatic reversible expansion in a turbine to 1 bar,
it is then cooled in a condenser to saturated liquid. What is the thermal efficiency of the
cycle(%)?Answer C
A. 23.45% B. 16.23%
C. 34.24% D. 18.23%

6. A steam generating plant has two 20 MW turbo-generators. Steam is supplied at 1.7 MPa and
320oC. Exhaust is 0.006 MPa. Daily average load factor is 80%. The steam generating
units operate at 70% efficiency when using bunker fuel having a heating value of 31,150 KJ/kg
and an average steam rate of 5 kg steam/KW-hr. Calculate the Mtons of fuel oil/bunker fuel
required per 24 hours. Answer A
A. 515 B. 432
C. 6.17 D. 762

7. A back pressure steam turbine of 100,000 KW serves as a prime mover in a cogeneration

system. The boiler admits the return water at a temperature of 660C and produces the steam
at 6.5 MPa and 455oC. Steam then enters a back pressure turbine and expands to the pressure
of the process, which is 0.52 MPa. Assuming a boiler efficiency of 80% and neglecting the effect
of pumping and the pressure drops at various location, what is the incremental heat rate of
electric? The following enthalpies have been found; turbine entrance = 3306.8 KJ/kg, exit =
2700.8; boiler entrance = 276.23 KJ/kg, exit =3306.8. Answer B
A. 21,504 kJ/KW-hr B. 22,504 kJ/KW-hr
C. 23,504 kJ/KW-hr D. 24,504 kJ/KW-hr

8. A coal-fired power plant has a turbine-generator rated at 1000 MW gross. The plant required
about 9% of this power for its internal operations. It uses 9800 tons of coal per day. The coal
has a heating value of 6,388.9 Kcal/kg and the steam generator efficiency is 86%. What is the
net station efficiency of the plant in percent? Answer C
A. 30% B. 25%
C. 33% D. 38%

9. A superheat steam Rankine cycle has a turbine inlet conditions of 17.5 MPa and 530 oC
expands in a turbine to 0.007 MPa. The turbine and pump polytropic efficiencies are 0.9 and 0.7
respectively, pressure between pump and turbine inlet are 1.5 MPa. What shoul be the pump
work in KJ/kg.
Answer B
A. 17.3 B. 27.3
C. 37.3 D. 47.3

10. A steam plant operates with initial pressure of 1.70 MPa and 370 oC temperature and
exhaust to a heating system at 0.17 MPa. The Condensate from the heating system is
returned to the boiler at 65.5oC and the heating system utilizes from its intended purpose 90%
of the energy transferred from the steam it receives. The nT is 70%. If boiler efficiency is 80%,
what is the cogeneration efficiency of the system in percent. Neglect pump work. Answer D
Steam Properties:
 At 1.70 MPa and 370oC: h = 3187.1 kJ/kg s = 7.1081
At 0.17 MPa: hf = 483.20 sf=1.4752
hg = 2216.0 sg=5.7062
At 65.50C: hf = 274.14
A. 78 B. 102.10
C. 91.24 D. 69

11. In a cogeneration plant, steam enters the turbine at 4 MPa and 400 oC. One fourth of the
steam is extracted from the turbine at 600 KPa pressure for process heating. The remaining
steam continues to expand to 10 KPa. The extracted steam is then condensed and mixed with
feedwater are constant pressure and the mixture is pumped to the boiler pressure of 4 MPa.
The mass flow rate of steam through the boiler is 30 kg/sec. Disregarding any pressure drops
and heat losses in the piping, and assuming the turbine and pump to be isentropic, how much
process heat is required in KW? Answer A
Steam properties:
At 4 MPa and 4000C: h = 3213.6 KJ/kg, s = 6.7690
At 600 KPa: hf = 670.56 sf = 1.9312
hfg = 2086.3 sfg = 4.8288
A. 15,646.8 B. 2,458.2
C. 1.9312 D. 1,027.9

12. In an ideal Reheat cycle, the steam throttled condition is 8 MPa and 4800C. The steam is
then reheated to 2 MPa and 4600C, determine cycle efficiency. Answer A
A. 38.3% B. 24.3%
C. 34.3% D. 45.2%

13. A reheat steam cycle has 13,850 kPa throttle pressure at the turbine inlet and a 2800 kPa
reheat pressure, the throttle and reheat temperature of the steam is 5400C, condenser
pressure is 3.4 KPa, engine efficiency of high and low pressure is 75% find the cycle thermal
efficiency. Answer A
A. 34.46% B. 38.40%
C. 36.49% D. 43.45%

14. Steam is delivered to turbine at 5.4 MPa and 600 oC. Before condensation at 31oC, steam is
extracted for feedwater heating at 0.6 MPa. For an ideal regenerative cycle, find the thermal
efficiency. Answer D
A. 23.45% B. 34.34%
C. 28.34% D. 44.14%

15. A steam condenser receives 10 kg/s of steam with an enthalpy of 2570 KJ/kg. Steam
condenses into a liquid and leaves with an enthalpy of 160 KJ/kg. Cooling water passes through
the condenser with temperature increases from 13 degrees C to 240C/ Calculate the water flow
rate in kg/s. Answer C
A. 533 B. 518
C. 523 D. 528

16. In an open feedwater heater for a steam plant, saturated steam at 7 bar is mixed with
subcooled liquid at 7 bar and 25 oC. Just enough steam is supplied to ensure that the mixed
steam leaving the heater will be saturated liquid at 7 bar when heater efficiency is 90%.
Calculate the mass flow rate of subcooled liquid if steam flow rate is 0.865 kg/s.
Steam Properties are: At 7 bar, saturated vapor: hg = 2763.5 KJ/kg
At 7 bar, and 25oC: hf = 105.5 KJ/kg
At 7 bar, saturated liquid: hf = 697.22 KJ/kg Answer A

A. 2.725 B. 3.356
C. 2.286 D. 3.948

17. Steam expands adiabatically in a turbine from 2000 KPa, 400 oC to 400 KPa, 250oC. What is
the effectiveness of the process in percent assuming an atmospheric pressure of 150C. Neglect
changes in kinetic and potential energy. Answer C
Steam Properties are:
At 2000 KPa and 400oC: h = 3247.6 KJ/kg s = 7.1270 KJ/kg-K
o
At 400 KPa and 250 C: h = 2964.2 KJ/kg s=7.3789 KJ/kg-K
A. 82 B. 84
C. 80 D. 86

19. Steam enters the turbine of a cogeneration plant at 0.7 MPa and 5000C. Steam at a flow
rate of 7.6 kg/s is extracted from the turbine at 600 KPa pressure for process heating. The
remaining steam continues to expand to 10 KPa. The recovered condensates are pumped back
to the boiler. The mass flow rate of steam that enters the turbine is 30 kg/s. Calculate the
cogeneration efficiency in percent
Steam Properties:
At 7.0 MPa and 5000C: h = 3410.3 s = 6.7976
At 600 KPa: hf = 670.56 hfg = 2086.3 sfg = 4.8288
At 10 KPa: hf = 191.83 hfg = 2392.8 sf = 0.6493 sfg = 7.5009
A. 60 B. 50
C. 65 D. 55

20. A heat exchanger was installed purposely to cool 0.50 kg of gas per second. Molecular
weight is 28 and k = 1.32. The gas is cooled from 150 OC to 80oC. Water is available at the rate of
0.30 kg/s and at a temperature of 120C. Calculate the exit temperature of the water in 0C.
Answer A
A. 48 B. 42
C. 46 D. 44

21. Pump work of Rankine cycle is 15 KJ/kg. Density of water entering the pump is 958 kg/m3. If
condenser pressure is 100 KPa, what is the pressure at the entrance of the turbine? Answer A
A. 14.47 MPa B. 20.48 MPa
C. 15.67 MPa D. 17.77 MPa

22. In a Rankine cycle the turbine work is 1,000 kJ/kg and pump work of 13 kJ/kg. If heat
generated by generator is 2800 kJ/kg, what is the efficiency of the cycle? Answer A
A. 35.25% B. 4.75%
C. 38.65% D. 30.25%
23. In a Reheat power plant the difference in enthalpy at the entrance and exit is 550 kJ/kg for
first stage and second stage is 750 kJ/kg. If both stages has an efficiency of 92% and heat added
to boiler is 3,000 kJ/kg. Determine the plant cycle efficiency neglecting the pump work.
Answer C
A. 30% B. 35%
C. 40% D. 45%

24. An adiabatic feed pump in a steam cycle delivers water to a steam generator at a
temperature of 200oC and a pressure of 10 MPa. The water eneters the pump as a saturated
liquid at 180oC. If the power supplied to the pump is 75 kW, determine the mass flow rate.
Answer C
A. 6.23 kg/s B. 8.34 kg/s
C. 7.39 kg/s D. 9.12 kg/s

25. A condenser receives steam from a turbine at 15 kPa, 90% quality, and with a velocity of
240 m/s. Determine the increase in circulating water required because of high pressure exit
velocity if the steam flow rate is 38 kg/s and the cooling water temperature rise is 12 oC with an
inlet condition of 30oC. Answer D
A. 11.23 kg/s B. 17.23 kg/s
C. 13.23 kg/s D. 21.78 kg/s

26. A steam generator has an exit enthalpy of 3195.7 KJ/kg at the rate of 10 kg/s. The enthalpy
available at the turbine inlet is 3000 KJ/kg. Determine the heat lost between boiler outlet and
turbine inlet. Answer B
A. 1957 kW B. -1957 kW
C. 1873 kW D. -1873 kW

27. A Rankine cycle has a turbine with available enthalpy of 800 KJ/kg. The pump has also 10
KJ/kg energy available. Find the net cycle output of the plant if mass flow rate is 5 kg/s.
Answer B
A. 2619 kW B. 3950 kW
C. 8745 kW D. 4234 kW

28. A Rankine cycle, the steam is extracted from the turbine at 2 MPa and 2500C for feedwater
heating and it is mixed with condenser exit at 30 KPa after pumping. Find the fraction of vapour
extracted from the turbine. Answer A
A. 0.23464 B. 0.19338
C. 0.5632 D. 0.3855

29. An adiabatic turbine in a steam generating plant receives steam at a pressure of 7.0 MPa
and 550oC and exhausts at 20 kPa. The turbine inlet is 3 m higher than the turbine exit, the inlet
steam velocity is 15 m/s and the exit is 300 m/s. Calculate the turbine work in KJ/kg. Answer B
A. 1297.45 B. 1197.10
C. 1093.45 D. 1823.45

30. A steam power plant operates on the Rankine cycle. The steam enters the turbine at 7 MPa
and 550oC with a velocity of 30 m/s. It discharge to the condenser at 20 kPa with a velocity of
90 m/s. Calculate the net work in kW for a flow of 37.8 kg/s. Answer D
A. 23.23 MW B. 53.34 MW
C. 34.22 MW D. 46.54 MW

31. A Carnot cycle uses steam as the working substance and operates between pressure of
7MPa and 7kPa. Determine the cycle thermal efficiency. Answer A
A. 44.17% B. 54.23%
C. 34.23% D. 59.4%

32. A supercritical power plant generates steam at 25 MPa and 560 oC. The condenser pressure
is 7.0 kPa. Determine the exit quality of steam if it expands through a turbine in this power
plant. Answer D
A. 45.66% B. 68.45%
C. 56.56% D. 74.26%

33. Steam enters a turbine at 1.4 MPa and 320 oC. The turbine internal efficiency is 70%, and the
total requirement is 800 kW. The exhaust is to the back pressure system, maintained at 175kPa.
Find the steam flow rate. Answer A
A. 2.62 kg/s B. 4.23 kg/s
C. 3.23 kg/s D. 5.34 kg/s

BOILERS

1. The heating surface are of water tube boiler is 200 m2, what is the equivalent rated boiler
horsepower? Answer D
A. 217 Hp B. 2365.93 Hp
C. 200 Hp D. 219.78 Hp

2. The rated boiler horsepower of a fire tube boiler is 500 Hp. What is the heating surface area
of the boiler? Answer D
A. 500 m2 B. 300 m2
C. 400 m2 D. 550 m2

3. A water tube boiler has a heating surface area of 500 m2. For a developed boiler hp of 825.
Determine the percent rating of the boiler. Answer C
A. 120.15% B. 160.15%
C. 150.15% D. 300.15%

4. The factor of evaporation of boiler is 1.1 and a steam rate of 0.79 kg/sec. What is the
developed boiler horsepower? Answer B
A. 300 B. 200
C. 869 D. 250

5. The percent rating of water tube boiler is 200%, factor of evaporation of 1.08 and heating
surface area is 256 m2. Find the rate of evaporation. Answer A
A. 8,153.02 kg/hr B. 5,153.02 kg/hr
C. 7,200 kg/hr D. 8,500.46 kg/hr

6. The actual specific evaporation of a certain boiler is 10. Factor of evaporation is 1.05. If the
heating value of fuel is 30,000 KJ/kg, find the boiler efficiency. Answer A
A. 60% B. 65%
C. 70% D. 79%

7. The ASME evaporation units of a boiler is 24,827,000 kJ/hr. The boiler auxiliaries consume 1.5
MW. What is the net boiler efficiency if the heat generated by the fuel is 30,000KJ/kg?Answer A
A. 64.75% B. 68.94%
C. 62.76% D. 68.54%

8. A 100,000 kg of coal supplied two boilers. One has a capacity of 150 kg/hr. How many days to
consume the available fuel if the other boiler consumes 200 kg/hr? Answer D
A. 5 days B. 7 days
C. 15 days D. 12 days

9. The following coal has the following ultimate analysis by weight:

C = 70.5% H2 = 4.5% O2 = 6.0% N2 = 1.0%
S = 3.0% Ash = 11% Moisture = 4%
A stocker fired boiler of 175,000 kg/hr steaming capacity uses this coal as fuel. Calculate volume
of air in m3/hr with air at 600F and 14.7 psia pressure if boiler efficiency is 70% and FE = 1.10.
Answer A
A. 212,830 m3/hr B. 215,830 m3/hr
3
C. 213,830 m /hr D. 214,830 m3/hr

10. The following coal has the following ultimate analysis by weight:
C = 70.5% H2 = 4.5% O2 = 6.0% N2 = 1.0%
S = 3.0% Ash = 11% Moisture = 4%
A stocker fired boiler of 175,000 kg/hr steaming capacity uses this coal as fuel. Volume of air in
m3/hr with air at 600F and 14.7 psia pressure. Weight in metric tons of cal needed for 24 hours
operation at rated capacity if boiler efficiency is 70% and FE = 1.10. Answer D
A. 503.443 Mtons B. 508.443 Mtons
C. 502.443 Mtons D. 504.443 Mtons

11. Two boilers are operating steadily on 91,000 kg of coal contained in a bunker. One boiler is
producing 1591 kg of steam per hour at 1.2 factor of evaporation and an efficiency of 65% and
another boiler produced 1364 kg of steam per hour at 1.15 factor of evaporation and an
efficiency of 60%. How many hours will the coal in the bunker run the boilers if the heating
value of coal is 7590 Kcal/kg.Answer C
A. 220.8 hrs B. 256.2 hrs
C. 230.8 hrs. D. 453.3 hrs.

12. A steam generating plant consisting of a boiler, an economizer and superheater generates
superheated steam at the rate of 50 tons/hr. Feed water enters the boiler at 5 MPa and 120 oC.
Steam leaves the superheater at 4.5 MPa and 320 oC. If the coal used has a heating value of
30,000 KJ/kg, calculate the number of tons of coal fired per hour for a gross efficiency of 85%.
Answer A
A. 4.89 B. 6.34
C. 5.34 D. 45.5

13. A water tube boiler has a capacity of 1000 kg/hr of steam. The factor of evaporation is 1.3,
boiler rating is 200%, boiler efficiency is 5%, heating surface area is 0.91 m 2/boiler Hp, and the
heating value of fuel is 18,400 Kcal/kg. The total coal available in the bunker is 50,000 kg.
Determine total number of hours to consume the available fuel. Answer D
A. 533.45 B. 743.12
C. 634.34 D. 853.26

14. A boiler operating at 11 kg/cm 2 is required to generate a minimum of 50,000 kJ/hr of

saturated steam. Feed water enters the boiler at 800C. Compute the fore coal at an average
rate 4,800 kg/hr and boiler efficiency is 85%. Compute the minimum heating value of local coal
that could be used in order to ensure the generation of required steam. Answer B
A. 28,464 B. 29,977
C. 23,556 D. 30,976

15. A boiler operating at 11 kg/cm2 is required to generate a minimum of 50,000 kg/hr of

saturated steam. Feed water enters the boiler at 80 oC. The furnace is designed to fire coal at an
average rate 4,800 kg/hr and boiler efficiency is 85%. Compute the developed boiler
horsepower. Answer A
A. 3462.56 hp B. 1234.56 hp
C. 2345.67 hp D. 4233.34 hp
16. A steam boiler generating 7.1 kg/s of 4.137 MPa, 426.7 o-C steam is continuously blown at
the rate of 0.31 kg/sec. Feed water enters the economizer at 149.9 oC. The furnace burns
0.75kgcoal/sec of 30,470.6 KJ/kg higher heating value. Calculate the overall thermal efficiency
of steam boiler. Answer C
A. 76.34% B. 84.23%
C. 82.78% D. 88.34%

STEAM ENGINE

1. A steam engine has 10% brake thermal efficiency and delivers 750 kg/hr steam. The enthalpy
of engine entrance is 2800 KJ/kg and condenser exit is 450 KJ/kg. Determine the brake power of
the engine. Answer C
A. 46 kW B. 47 kW
C. 49 kW D. 48 kW

2. The indicated efficiency of a steam engine is 60%. The engine entrance is 2700 kJ/kg and exit
is 2000 kJ/kg. If steam consumption is 800 kg/hr and mechanical efficiency is 90%, what is the
brake power of the engine? Answer B
A. 55 kW B. 84 kW
C. 65 kW D. 70 kW

3. A steam engine has bore and stoke of 300 mm x 420 mm running at 250 rpm has mean
indicated pressure of the engine is 400 KPa. Determine the indicate power. Answer D
A. 100 kW B. 50 kW
C. 65 kW D. 99 kW

4. The crank shaft of a double acting steam engine rotates at 220 rpm. The bore and stroke of
the steam engine is 300 mm x 450 mm, and the mean effective pressure acting upon the piston
is 4 kg/cm2. Find the indicated horsepower developed in the cylinder. Answer A
A. 122.7 hp B. 110.3 hp
C. 143.2 hp D. 176.3 hp
5. A steam engine develops 60 Bhp with dry saturated steam at 1034.25 kPa absolute and
exhaust at 124.11 kPa. Steam consumption is 736.36 kg/hr. Calculate the indicated engine
efficiency based on 90% mechanical efficiency. Answer D
A. 34.23% B. 54.23%
C. 45.23% D. 66.74%

6. A steam engine develops 60 Bhp with dry saturated steam at 1034.25 kPa absolute and
exhaust at 124.1 kPa. Steam consumption is 736.36 kg/hr. calculate the thermal efficiency of
equivalent Rankine engine. Answer A
A. 15.59% B. 34.23%
C. 12.45% D. 21.34%

7. A 350 mm x 450 mm engine running at 260 rpm has an entrance steam condition of 2 MPa
and 230oC and exit at 0.1 MPa. The steam consumption is 2,000 kg/hr and mechanical
efficiency is 88%. If indicated mean effective pressure is 600 KPa, determine the brake thermal
efficiency. Answer C
A. 23.34% B. 18.34%
C. 14.66% D. 27.34%

8. A 350 x 450 mm engine running at 260 rpm has an entrance steam condition of 2 MPa and
2300C and exit at 0.1 MPa. The steam consumption is 2,000 kg/hr and mechanical efficiency is
88%. If indicated mean effective pressure is 600 kPa, determine indicated thermal efficiency.
Answer A
A. 16.66% B. 34.23%
C. 12.34% D. 21.23%

9. Steam is admitted to the cylinder of an engine in such a manner that the average pressure is
120 psi. The diameter of the piston is 10” and the length of stroke is 12”. Answer D
A. 171.5 B. 175
C. 173.2 D. 174.4

STEAM TURBINE

1. A steam turbine receives 5,000 kg/hr of steam at 5 MPa and 400 oC and velocity of 25 m/sec.
It leaves the turbine at 0.006 MPa and 85% quality and velocity of 20 m/sec. Radiation is 10,000
KJ/hr. Find the KW developed. Answer C
A. 1273.29 B. 2173.29
C. 1373.29 D. 7231.29

2. An industrial power plant requires 1.5 kg of dry saturated steam per second at 1650C for
heating purposes. This steam may be supplied from an extraction turbine which receives steam
at 4 MPa and 3800C and is exhaust to condenser at the rate of 0.8 kg steam per second at
0.0034 MPa while rejecting 1400 KW to the cooling water. If mechanical-electrical efficiency is
95% and that the heat loss in the turbine casing is 10 KW, calculate the power generated by the
plant. Answer B
A. 2,126.44 kW B. 1,556.50 kW
C. 3,123.34 kW D. 4,344.33 kW
3. A steam turbine with 90% stage efficiency receives steam at 7 MPa and 550 oC and exhausts
as 20 KPa. Determine the turbine work. Answer A
A. 117 kJ/kg B. 132 kJ/kg
C. 123 kJ/kg D. 143 kJ/kg

4. A steam turbine with 90% stage efficiency receives steam at 7 MPa and 550 oC and exhausts
as 20 kPa. Determine the quality at exhaust. Answer D
A. 87.45% B. 76.34%
C. 82.34% D. 91.69%

5. A small steam turbine power plant of 5,000 KW capacity has a full load steam rate of 6 kg
steam pwer KW-hr. No load steam consumption may be taken as 10% of the full load steam
consumption. Write the equations of WILLANS LINE of this turbine and at 60% of rated load,
calculate the hourly steam consumption of this unit. Answer C
A. 19,100 kg/hr B. 19,300 kg/hr
C. 19,200 kg/hr D. 19,400 kg/hr

6. Steam flows into a turbine at the rate of 10 kg/sec and 10 KW of heat are lost from the
turbine. Ignoring elevation and kinetic energy effects, calculate the power output from the
turbine. Inlet enthalpy is 2739 KJ/kg and exhaust enthalpy is 2300.5 KJ/kg. Answer C
A. 4605 kW B. 4973 kW
C. 4375 kW D. 4000 kW

7. Steam entering the turbine has a rate of 10 kg/sec with enthalpy of 3400 KJ/kg and 260KJ/kg
at the exhaust. If 100 KW of heat is rejected from turbine casing, what is the turbine work?
Answer A
A. 7900 kW B. 7700 kW
C. 5600 kW D. 5400 kW

8. A steam turbine of 6 MW capacity has a Willian’s line equation of ms = 5.5L + 3,000 kg/hr.
Determine the steam consumption at 70% load. Answer C
A. 3564 kg/hr B. 3546 kg/hr
C. 26,100 kg/hr D. 58,000 kg/hr

9. A steam turbine has an entrance enthalpy of 3050 KJ/kg. The exit has 2500 KJ/kg. Determine
the actual enthalpy after isentropic expansion if stage efficiency is 90%. Answer B
A. 1255 KJ/kg B. 2555 KJ/kg
C. 2500 KJ/kg D. 2000 KJ/kg

10. Steam enters the turbine at the rate of 2.5 kg/sec with enthalpy of 3200 KJ/kg and exhaust
enthalpy of 1100 KJ/kg. Steam is extracted from the turbine at the rate of 1 kg/sec for heating
purposes with enthalpy of 2750 KJ/kg. What is the turbine work? Answer D
A. 2000 KW B. 2500 KW
C. 3000 KW D. 3600 KW

11. A steam turbine has an entrance enthalpy of 3400 KJ/kg and 2500 KJ/kg at exit. If generator
generates 2430 KW and has 90% efficiency, what is the mass of steam entering the turbine?
Answer D
A. 10,400 kg/hr B. 10,600 kg/hr
C. 10,700 kg/hr D. 10,800 kg/hr

12. Steam turbine in Rankine cycle has an exhaust enthalpy of 2650 KJ/kg and delivers 0.8
kg/sec of steam. Determine the heat rejected from the condenser if enthalpy at exit is 200
KJ/kg. Answer A
A. 1960 KW B. 1940 KW
C. 1995 KW D. 1909 KW

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT

1. Mass low rate of ground water in a geothermal power plant is 1,500,000 kg/hr and the
quality after throttling is 30%. Determine the brake power of turbine if the change of enthalpy
of steam at inlet and outlet is 700 KJ/kg. Answer B
A. 68.5 MW B. 87.5 MW
C. 64.5 MW D. 89.5 MW

2. Ground water of geothermal power plant has an enthalpy of 700 KJ/kg and at turbine inlet is
2,750 KJ/kg and enthalpy of hot water in flash tank is 500 KJ/kg. What is the mass of steam flow
entering the turbine if mass flow of ground water is 45 kg/sec? Answer C
A. 3.27 kg/sec B. 2.27 kg/sec
C. 4.27 kg/sec D. 9.27 kg/sec

3. The enthalpy entering the turbine of a geothermal power plant is 2750 KJ.kg and mass rate of
1kg/sec. The turbine brake power is 1000 KW condenser outlet has enthalpy of 210 KJ/kg. If
temperature rise of cooling water in condenser is 8 oC, what is the mass of cooling water
requirement? Answer C
A. 44 kg/sec B. 45 kg/sec
C. 46 kg/sec D. 47 kg/sec

4. In a 12 MW geothermal power plant, the mass flow of steam entering the turbine is
26kg/sec. The quality after throttling is 25% and enthalpy of ground water is 650 KJ/kg.
Determine the overall efficiency of the plant. Answer D
A. 7.4% B. 9.6%
C. 5.4% D. 15.4%

5. A 16,000 KW geothermal plant has a generator efficiency and turbine efficiency of 90% and
80%, respectively. If the quality after throttling is 20% and each well discharges 200,000 kg/hr,
determine the number of wells are required to produce if the change in enthalpy at the
entrance and exit of turbine is 500 KJ/kg. Answer A
A. 4 wells B. 5 wells
C. 6 wells D. 8 wells

6. A geothermal power plant draws pressurized water from a well at 20 MPa and 3000C. To
produce a steam water mixture in the separator, where the unflashed water is removed, this
water is throttled to a pressure of 1.5 MPa. The flashed steam which is dry and saturated passes
through the steam collector and enters the turbine at 1.5 MPa and expands to 1 atm. The
turbine efficiency is 85% at a rated power output of 10 MW. Calculate overall plant efficiency.
Answer A
A. 7.29% B. 12.34%
C. 9.34% D. 19.45%

7. A flashed steam geothermal power plant is located where underground hot water is available
as saturated liquid at 700 KPa. The well head pressure is 600 KPa. The flashed steam enters a
turbine at 500 KPa and expands to 15 KPa, when it is condensed. The flow rate from the well is
29.6 kg/sec. Determine the power produced in KW. Answer A
A. 430.13 kg/s B. 540.23 kg/s
C. 370.93 kg/s D. 210.34 kg/s

8. A flashed steam geothermal power plant is located where underground hot water is available
as saturated liquid at 700 KPa. The well head pressure is 600 KPa. The flashed steam enters a
turbine at 500 KPa and expands to 15 KPa, when it is condensed. The flow rate from the well is
29.6 kg/sec. Determine the cooling water flow in kg/sec if water is available at 30 OC and a 10OC
rise is allowed through the condenser.

DIESEL POWER PLANT

1. Determine the indicated mean effective pressure of an engine in psi having a brake mean
effective pressure of 750 KPa and 80% mechanical efficiency. Answer A
A. 136 psi B. 137 psi
C. 138 psi D. 140 psi

2. Determine the friction power of an engine if the frictional torque developed is 0.3 KN.m
running at 1200 rpm. Answer B
A. 40.6 kW B. 37.7 kW
C. 36.5 kW D. 50.3 kW

3. What is the power developed in the cylinder if indicated thermal efficiency is 44%, the engine
uses 0.05 kg/sec fuel with heating value of 44,000 KJ/kg? Answer C
A. 1000 kW B. 775 kW
C. 968 kW D. 588 kW

4. A 750 kW diesel electric plant has a brake thermal efficiency of 34%. If the heat generated by
fuel is 9,000,000 KJ/hr, what is the generator efficiency? Answer D
A. 85.33% B. 65.88%
C. 75.55% D. 88.23%

5. A 16-cylinder V-type diesel engine is directly coupled to a 5000 KW AC generator. If generator

efficiency is 90%, calculate the brake horsepower of the engine. Answer A
A. 7447 Hp B. 6468 Hp
C. 8542 Hp D. 7665 Hp

6. Determine the brake power of the engine having a brake thermal efficiency of 35% and uses
250API fuel consumption of 40 kg/hr. Answer C
A. 165.84 KW B. 174.52 KW
C. 173.52 KW D. 160.67 KW
7. Determine the specific gravity of fuel oil having a heating value of 44,899.2 KJ/kg. Answer D
A. 0.90 B. 0.80
C. 0.877 D. 0.893

8. A 500 kW diesel engine operates at 101.3 KPa and 27 OC in Manila. If the engine will operate
in Baguio having 93 KPa and 23OC, what new brake power will developed if mechanical
efficiency is 85%? Answer C
A. 600 KW B. 754 KW
C. 459 KW D. 971 KW

9. What is the displacement volume of 300 mm x 4400 mm, 4 – stroke, 1200 rpm, 8 cylinder
diesel engine? Answer B
A. 0.243 m3/sec B. 2.262 m3/sec
C. 5.75 kg/sec D. 1.25 m3/sec

10. What is the friction horsepower of a 300 KW diesel engine having a mechanical efficiency of
86%? Answer D
A. 86.5 Hp B. 87.5 Hp
C. 90.5 Hp D. 65.5 Hp

11. Determine the output power of a diesel power plant if the engine and generator efficiency
is 83% and 95%, respectively. The engine uses 25 oAPI fuel and has a fuel consumption of
0.08kg/sec. Answer D
A. 2795 kW B. 8642 kW
C. 9753 kW D. 2815 kW

12. Determine the piston speed of a 250 mm x 300 mm diesel engine running at 1200 rpm.
Answer B
A. 6 m/sec B. 12 m/sec
C. 18 m/sec D. 5 m/sec

13. Determine the speed of a 6-pole generator of 60 hz. Answer C

A. 600 rpm B. 1000 rpm
C. 1200 rpm D. 3600 rpm

14. A 50 Bhp blast furnace engine uses fuel with 10 ft 3/Bhp-hrs. The heating value of gas is
33,500 kJ/m3. Determine the brake thermal efficiency. Answer D
A. 80% B. 50%
C. 25.76% D. 28.31%

15. The heat generated by fuel is 2500 KW. If the jacket water loss is 30%. Determine the mass
of water circulated in the engine if the temperature rise is 80C. Answer B
A. 20.5 kg/sec B. 22.4 kg/sec
C. 58.5 kg/sec D. 12.3 kg/sec
16. An engine-generator rated 9000 KVA at 80% power factor, 3 phase, 4160 V has an efficiency
of 90%. If overall plant efficiency is 25%, what is the heat generated by the fuel. Answer B
A. 18,800 kW B. 28,800 kW
C. 7500 kW D. 20,000 kW
17. A 4-stroke, 8 cylinder diesel engine with bore and stroke of 9 in. x 12 in, respectively and
speed of 1000 rpm has a break mean effective pressure of 165 psi. Determine the engine brake
horsepower. Answer D
A. 1753.34 Hp B. 1850.34 Hp
C. 1950.34 Hp D. 1272.34 Hp

18. What torque is developed by the 300 kW engine running at 900 rpm? Answer C
A. 2.65 kN-m B. 6.85 KN-m
C. 3.18 kN-m D. 5.65 KN-m

19. What is the mechanical efficiency of a diesel engine if friction power is 30 kW and brake
power of 150 kW? Answer B
A. 85.55% B. 83.33%
C. 65.44% D. 75.88%

20. A 3 MW diesel engine consumes 240 liters of 25 oAPI fuel generates 900 KW-hr. Determine
the rate of fuel consumed by the engine. Answer A
A. 0.2 kg/sec B. 0.4 kg/sec
C. 0.6 kg/sec D. 0.8 kg/sec

21. The indicated thermal efficiency of a two stroke diesel engine is 50%. If friction power is 3%
of heat generated, determine the brake thermal efficiency of the engine. Answer D
A. 33% B. 34%
C. 36% D. 37%

22. During the dynamometer test of an engine for 1 hr steady load, the engine consumes 40 kg
fuel having 43,000 kJ/kg heating value. If the torque developed is 2.5 kN-m during the test at
600 rpm, what is the brake thermal efficiency of the engine? Answer B
A. 31.22% B. 32.88%
C. 55.77% D. 25.99%

23. A waste heat recovery boiler generates 250 kg/hr with h s – hf = 2300 kJ/kg. What is the
exhaust loss from the engine if the actual heat developed is 35%? Answer C
A. 492.6 kW B. 365.7 kW
C. 456.4 kW D. 845.4 kW

24. What maximum power that can be delivered by the 2000 KW engine at 3000 ft elevation
considering the pressure effect alone? Answer D
A. 1600 kW B. 1700 kW
C. 1900 kW D. 1800 kW

25. A 1000 kW diesel engine operates at an altitude of 1500 m elevation. Considering the
pressure effect alone, find the power developed by the engine at higher elevation? Answer D
A. 753 kW B. 823 kW
C. 345 kW D. 983 kW

26. The piston speed of an engine running at 1200 rpm is 12 m/s. Find the stroke of the engine
in inches. Answer C
A. 15.74 mm B. 16 in
C. 300 mm D. 15.75 in

27. The density of air entering the engine is 1.176 kg/m 3 has a volume flow rate of 0.375m 3/sec.
If the air fuel ratio is 21, find the mass flow rate of fuel. Answer B
A. 0.10 kg/sec B. 0.02 kg/sec
C. 0.30 kg/sec D. 0.40 kg/sec

28. A diesel engine develops a torque of 5 KN-m at 1800 rpm. If the brake thermal efficiency is
31%, find the heat generated by the fuel. Answer B
A. 3050.25 kW B. 3040.25 kW
C. 3000.25 kW D. 5000 kW

29. In a diesel engine the fuel is injected at 6.5% of the stroke, the clearance volume is 10% of
the stroke. Find the cut-off ratio. Answer B
A. 1.80 B. 1.65
C. 1.70 D. 1.40

30. A 373 kW (500 Hp) internal combustion engine has a break mean effective pressure of
551.5kPa at full load. What is the friction power if mechanical efficiency is 85%? Answer A
A. 88.23 hp B. 97.33 hp
C. 56.34 hp D. 76.23 hp

31. A 4-stroke 394 mm bore and 534 mm stroke single acting diesel engine with four cylinders is
guaranteed to deliver 350 Bhp at 300 rpm. The engine consumed 66.8 kg/hr of fuel with a
heating value of 44,251 kJ/kg. Calculate indicated mean effective pressure in KPa if mechanical
efficiency is 89%. Answer A
A. 450.8 kPa B. 234.5 kPa
C. 345.6 kPa D. 643.2 kPa

32. A 305 mm x 457 mm four stroke single acting diesel engine is rated at 150 KW at 260 rpm.
Fuel consumption at rated load is 0.26 kg/KW-hr with a heating value of 43,912 KJ.kg. Calculate
brake thermal efficiency. Answer A
A. 31.53% B. 27.45%
C. 45.34% D. 54.23%
33. A four-stroke, 8 cylinder Diesel engine with bore and stroke of 9 inches and 12 inches,
respectively and speed of 950 rpm has a brake effective pressure of 164 psi. The specific fuel
consumption is 0.39 lb/bhp-hr and fuel heating value is 18,500 Btu/lb. Determine thermal
efficiency. Answer A
A. 35.27% B. 45.23%
C. 38.23% D. 54.23%

34. A dynamometer test was done for one hour at steady load on a 6 cylinder diesel engine. It
was found to use 42 kg of fuel having Q h = 42,000 J/g. Cylinder is 22.8 cm x 27.2 cm, 4-cycle
type. Speed, 550 rpm and dynamometer torque at 27000 kg-cm. Determine the brake thermal
efficiency. Answer A
A. 31.13% B. 43.22%
C. 35.34% D. 45.32%
35. A certain diesel engine with the following classification, 8 cylinder, 400 mm x 600 mm, four
stroke cycle has a fuel consumption of 0.6 lbs/hp-hr based on 19,100 Btu/lb. Engine speed is
280 rpm with an indicated mean effective pressure 130 psi. If the jacket water carries away an
estimated 25% of the heat supplied, find its capacity (gpm) required if the allowable rise is
400F. Answer C
A. 234 B. 873
C. 242 D. 292

36. When the pressure is 101.325 KPa and temperature is 270C, a diesel engine has the full-
throttle characteristics listed:
Brake power = 275 KW
Brake specific fuel consumption = 0.25 kg/KW-hr
Air fuel ratio = 22
Mechanical efficiency = 88%
If the engine is operated at 84.5 KPa and temperature of 15.50C, find the brake specific fuel
consumption kg/kwh.
A. 0.294 B. 0.862
C. 0.423 D. 1.08

37. Find the power which a 2.5 MW natural gas engine can develop at an altitude of 1981.2
meters taking into consideration the pressure and temperature change. Answer: B
A. 2.34 MW B. 1.912 MW
C. 2.56 MW D. 1.67 MW

38. A 119 KW, six cylinder, 589 mm x 711 mm, 225 rp, four stroke diesel engine has a fuel
consumption of 0.23 kg/KWh based on 44,099 KJ/kg fuel (heating value). A waste heat recovery
boiler recovers 35% of the exhaust loss. Jacket water loss are estimated at 30%. Assume losses
due to friction, etc. at 8%. Calculate the quantity of 136 KPa steam that can be produced in
kg/hr, if jacket water at 70oC is used for boiler feed. Answer: A
A. 439.4 kg/hr B. 623.4 kg/hr
C. 543.32 kg/hr D. 984.45 kg/hr

39. A 2000 KW diesel engine unit uses 1bbl oil per 525 kWH produced. Oil is 25 oAPI. Efficiency
of generator 93%, mechanical efficiency of engine 80%. What is the thermal of engine on
indicated power(%)?Answer:C
A. 31.69 B. 29.47
C. 39.60 D. 35.60

40. A waste heat recovery boiler produces 4.8 MPa (dry saturated) steam from 104 °C
feedwater. The boiler receives energy from 5 kg/sec of 954°C dry air. After passing through a
waste heat boiler, the temperature if the air has been reduce to 343°C. How much steam in kg
produced per second? Note: Ar 4.80 MPa dry saturated, h = 2796.
A. 1.3 B. 0.92
C. 2.1 D. 3.4

41. A diesel electric plant supplies energy for Meralco. During a 24 hour period, the plant
consumed 200 gallons of fuel at 28°C and produced 3930 KW-hr. Industrial fuel used is 28°API
and was purchased at P5.50 per liter at 15.6°C. What is the cost of fuel be to produce one KW-
hr? Answer: A
A. P1.05 B. P1.10
C. P1.069 D. P.00

42. A single-acting, four cylinder, 4 stroke cycle diesel engine with a bore x stroke of 21.59 x
27.94 cm, operating at 275 rpm, consumes 8.189 kg/hr of fuel whose heating value is 43,961.4
kJ/kg. The indicated mean effective pressure is 475.7 kPa. The load on the brake arm, which is
93.98 cm is 113.4 kg. What is the brake mean effective pressure in kPa? Answer: A
A. 415.20 B. 124.17
C. 319.95 D. 645.33

43. A supercharged six-cylinder four stroke cycle diesel engine of 10.48 cm bore and 12.7 cm
stroke has a compression ratio of 15. When it is tested on a dynamometer with a 53.34 cm arm
at 2500 rpm, the scale reads 81.65 kg 2.86 kg of fuel of 45,822.20 KJ/kg heating value are
burned during a 6 min test, and air metered to the cylinder at the rate of 0.182 kg/sec. Find the
brake thermal efficiency.Answer: 0.327
A. 0.327 B. 0.67
C. 0.307 D. 0.357

44. In a double acting, 2 stroke compression ignition engine, 8-cylinder, the diameter of the
cylinder is 700 mm, stroke is 1350 mm and the piston rod diameter is 250 mm. When running
at 108 rpm, the indicated mean effective pressure above and below the piston are 5.80 abr and
4.90 bar respectively. Calculate the brake power of the engine with a mechanical efficiency of
80% in kilowatts.Answer: B
A. 6050 B. 6030
C. 6010 D. 6070
45. In a test laboratory, it was found out that of the 80 Bhp developed by an engine on the test,
45 Hp are absorbed by the cooling water that is pumped through the water jacket and the
radiator. The water enters the top of the radiator at 200°F. At that temperature, enthalpy of
the water is 168.7 Btu/lb. Water leaves the bottom of the radiator at 190°F and with an
enthalpy of 158.03 Btu/lb. What is the water flow rate fir a steady-state operation? Answer: C
A. 25 gpm B. 20 gpm
C. 23 gpm D. 24 gpm

46. A sic cylinder, four stroke diesel engine with 76 mm bore x 89 mm stroke was run in the
laboratory at 2000 rpm, when it was found that the engine torque was out. The engine
consumed 12.2 kg of fuel per hour with heating value of 54,120 KJ/kg and 252.2 kg of air at
15.6°C per hour. Determine the indicated power.Answer: B
A. 32.1 kW B. 38.4 kW
C. 23.3 kW D. 48.3 kW

47. A waste heat recovery boiler receives energy from 10 kg/s of 950°C hot gases from a diesel
engine. The exit temperature of hot gases (C p = 1.0) has been reduced tp 250°C. Steam is
produced at 5 MPa (dry saturated) from 95°C feedwater. How much steam in kg is produced
per hour? At 5 MPa, hg = 2794.3 KJ/kgAnswer: A
A. 10,515 B. 10,155
C. 11,055 D. 11,515

48. A six cylinder, four stroke cycle diesel engine has an engine thermal efficiency of 34%. The
engine was tested on a dynamometer with a 23 in arm, running at 1800 rpm, the scale reads
210 lbs. During the 15 min test, the engine uses fuel with 28°API and air metered to the cylinder
at the rate of 0.201 kg/s. Find the fuel consumption during the 15 min test.Answer: C
A. 6.33 liters B. 5.97 liters
C. 6.83 liters D. 8.97 liters

49. A3 MW diesel electric power plant uses 3700 gallons in a 24 hour period. Oil is 25°API. What
is the thermal efficiency if the engine based on indicated power if the generator is 90%
efficiency and 95% mechanical efficiency is assumed?Answer: B
A. 55% B. 60%
C. 65% D. 70%

50. A single acting, 8 cylinder, 4 stroke cycle diesel engine with a bore to stroke of 15.24 cm x
22.86 cm, operates at 1200 rpm. The load on the brake arm which is 101.60cm is 120 kg. What
is the brake mean effective pressure in KPa?Answer: A
A. 450.5 kPa B. 455.5 kPa
C. 445.5 kPa D. 495.5 kPa

51. A six cylinder four stroke diesel with 76 mm bore and 89 mm stroke was run in the
laboratory at 2000 rpm. The engine consumed 137.4 kg of air at 15.5°C per hour. Determine the
volumetric efficiency of air only.Answer: D
A. 69.84% B. 88.32%
C. 92.54% D. 77.23%

GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT

1. An air-standard Braytin cycle has a pressure ratio of 12. Find the thermal efficiency of the
cycleAnswer: B
A. 34.23% B. 50.83%
C. 56.32% D. 65.23%

2. An air standard Braytin cycle has an air leaving the high-temperature heat exchanger at
850°C and leaving the turbine at 310°C. What is the thermal efficiency?Answer: C
A. 42.21% B. 23.34%
C. 48.08% D. 56.34%

3. An air standard Brayton cycle has a pressure ratio of 8. The air properties at the start of
compression are 100 kPa and 25°C. The maximum allowable temperature is 1100°C.
Determinethe net work.Answer: A
A. 373.24 KJ/kg B. 283.45 KJ/kg
C. 321.34 KJ/kg D. 398.23 KJ/kg

4. The air standard Brayton cycle has a net power output of 100 kW. The working substance is
air, entering the compressor at 30°C, leaving the high-temperature heat exchanger at 750°C
and leaving the turbine 300°C. Determine the mass flow rate of air.Answer: A
A. 1698 kg/hr B. 1756 kg/hr
C. 1543 kg/hr D. 2344 kg/hr
5. The compressor for an actual gas turbine requires 300 kJ/kg of work to quadruple the inlet
pressure. The inlet air temperature is 100°C. Determine the compressor air exit
temperature.Answer: D
A. 234°K B. 542°K
C. 653°K D. 673°K

6. The compressor for an actual gas turbine requires 300 KJ/kg of work to quadruple the inlet
pressure. The inlet air temperature is 100°C. Determine the compressor efficiency.Answer: C
A. 34.56% B. 53.23%
C. 60.42% D. 76.34%

7. An ideal gas turbine operates with a pressure ratio of 8:1 and temperature limits of 20°C and
1000°C. The energy input I the high temperature heat exchanger is 200 kW. Determine the air
flow rate.Answer: B
A. 560 kg/hr B. 970 kg/hr
C. 873 kg/hr D. 453 kg/hr

8. In an air standard Brayton cycle the compressor inlet conditions are 100 kPa and 280°K. The
turbine inlet conditions are 1000 kPa and 1167°K. The turbine produces 11,190kW. Determine
the air flow rate.Answer: A
A. 20 kg/s B. 25 kg/s
C. 30 kg/s D. 35 kg/s

9. An air standard Brayton cycle has air enters the compressor at 27°C and 100 kPa. The
pressure ratio is 10 and the maximum allowable temperature in the cycle is 1350°K. Determine
the cycle efficiency per kilogram of air.Answer: A
A. 48.20 % B. 51.34 %
C. 45.23 % D. 65.23 %

10. An air standard Brayton cycle has air enters the compressor at 27°C and 100 KPa. The
pressure ratio is 10 and maximum allowable temperature is 1350°K. The compressor discharges
and the turbine inlet. Determine thermal efficiency of the cycle per kilogram of air.Answer: C
A. 34.23% B. 43.23%
C. 30.50% D. 27.23%

11. A gas turbine working on an air standard Brayton cycle has air enter into the compressor at
atmospheric condition and 22°C. The pressure ratio is 9 and the maximum temperature in the
cycle is 1077°C. Compute for the cycle efficiency per kg of air in percent.Answer:D
A. 44.85% B. 43.92%
C. 41.65% D. 46.67%

12. In a gas turbine unit, air enters the combustion chamber at 550 kPa, 277°C and 43 m/s. The
products of combustion leave the combustor at 511 kPa, 1004°C and 140 m/s. Liquid fuelenters
with a heating value of 43,000 KJ.kg. For fuel-air ratio of 0.0229, what is the combustir
efficiency of the unit in percent?Answer: A
A. 79.8% B. 76.5%
C. 85.2% D. 69.8%
13. Air compressor of a gas turbine at 100 kPa and 300°K with a volume flow rate of 5 m³/sec.
The compressor pressure is 10 and its isentropic efficiency is 85%. At the inlet to the turbine,
the pressure is 950 kPa and the temperature is 1400°K. The turbine has an isentropic efficiency
of 88% and the exit pressure is 100 KPa. On the basis of air standard analysis, what is the
thermal efficiency of the cycle in percent?Answer: C
A. 42.06 B. 60.20
C. 31.89 D. 25.15

HYDRO-ELECTRIC PLANT

1. A hydro-electric power plant consumes 52,650 kW-hrs per annum. Expected flow is 1665
m³/min and overall efficiency is 65%. What is the net head? Answer: D
A. 30 m B. 31 m
C. 32 m D. 34 m

2. Ina a hydro-electric power the tail water level fixes at 480 m. The net head is 27 m and head
loss is 4% of the gross head. What is the head water elevation? Answer: B
A. 500.34 m B. 508.12 m
C. 456.34 m D. 567.34 m

3. The available flow of water is 25 m³/ sec at 30 m elevation. If a hydro-electric plant is to be

installed with turbine efficiency of 85% and generator efficiency of 90%, what maximum power
that the plant could generate?Answer: C
A. 4658.5 KW B. 3478.5 KW
C. 5628.5 KW D. 4756.5 KW

4. For a proposed hydro-electric plant, the tail water and head elevation is 160 m and 195 m,
respectively. If available flow is 10 m³/sec and head loss of 5% of water available head, what is
the water power?Answer: A
A. 3261.8 KW B. 4254.6 KW
C. 5874.5 KW D. 2456.5 KW

5. The flow of a river is 20 m³/sec and produces a total brake of 6,000 KW. If it is proposed to
install two turbines each has 85% efficiency, what is the available head?Answer: A
A. 35 m B. 37 m
C. 39 m D. 36 m

6. Two turbines generate a total power of 5000 KW. If one unit is thrice the capacity of the
other, find the capacity of smaller unit.Answer: A
A. 1250 KW B. 3450 KW
C. 2456 KW D. 5763 KW

7. In a hydro-electric plant the brake power is 1800 KW running at 450 rpm and net head of 30
m. Determine the specific speed of the turbine.Answer: D
A. 60.29 rpm B. 65.29 rpm
C. 75.29 rpm D. 71.29 rpm

8. The specific speed of turbine is 75 rpm and running at 450 rpm. If the head is 20 m and
generator efficiency is the maximum power delivered by the generator.Answer: C
A. 450.5 KW B. 345.5 KW
C. 650.5 KW D. 780.5 KW

9. For a generator running at 300 rpm and 60Hz, find the number of generator poles.Answer: A
A. 24 poles B. 8 poles
C. 18 poles D. 20 poles

10. The penstock if hydro-electric plant is 0.5 x 0.5 m with velocity of 5.5 m/sec has a head of
20m. What is the output of the turbine if the turbine efficiency is 87%?Answer: D
A. 845.32 KW B. 789.34 KW
C. 654.56 KW D. 234.56 KW

11. A 4m x 0.5m channel has water velocity of 5 m/sec. If the head is 100 m, what is the annual
energy produced if overall efficiency is 70%?Answer: C
A. 40,456,000 KW-hrs B. 34,456,345 KW-hrs
C. 60,154,920 KW-hrs D. 54,867,234 KW-hrs

12. In Francis turbine, the pressure gage leadig to the turbine casing reads 380 KPa and center
of spiral casing is 3 m above the tailrace. If velocity of water entering the turbine is 8 m/sec,
what is the net head of the turbine?Answer: D
A. 30 m B. 35 m
C. 40 m D. 45 m

13. A turbine has a mechanical efficiency of 95%, volumetric efficiency if 97% and total
efficiency of 80%, If effective head is 40 m, find the total head.Answer: D
A. 48.72 m B. 40.72 m
C. 46.72 m D. 34.72 m

14. A Pelton type turbine has 30 m head friction loss of 4.5 m. The coefficienct of friction head
loss(from Moorse) is 0.00093 and penstock length of 80 m. What is the penstock diameter?
Answer: D
A. 1234 mm B. 3476 mm
C. 677 mm D. 1686 mm

15. From a height of 65 m water flows at the rate of 0.85 m³/s and is driving a turbine
connected to 160rpm generator. If frictional torque is 540 N-m, calculate the turbine brake
power.Answer: A
A. 533 kW B. 677 kW
C. 455 kW D. 488 kW

16. What is the turbine output and delivering 1 m³/sec in a hydro-electric power plant if turbine
efficiency is 88%%?Answer: A
A. 863.28 kW B. 734.28 kW
C. 167.34 kW D. 492.34 kW

17. In an 8,000 KW hydro-electric plant the over-all efficiency is 88% and the actual power
receive by the customer is 110,000 KW-hrs for that day. What is the secondary power could this
plant deliver during the entire day?Answer: A
A. 58,960 KW-hrs B. 60,960 KW-hrs
C. 65,960 KW-hrs D. 70,960 KW-hrs

18. At a proposed hydroelectric plant site, the average elevation of headwater is 600 m, the
tailwater elevation is 480 m. The average annual water flow is determined to be equal to the
volume flowing through a rectangular channel 4 m wide and 0.5 m deep and average velocity of
5.5 m/sec., assuming that the plant site can develop if the hydraulic turbine that will be used
has an efficiency of 80% and generator efficiency of 92%. Consider a headwork loss of 4% of the
available head.Answer: A
A. 76,854,851 B. 65,234,556
C. 75,234,455 D. 82,456,677

19. In Maria Christina Hydroelectric Project, the available head is 140 m; the water flow is one
cubic meter per second; efficiency of the turbine is 95%; efficiency of the generator is 95%,
three phase, 60cycle, voltage delivered is 4160 V. Determine yearly income of the plant if the
cost of the generated electric energy is P0.60 per Kwh.Answer: C
A. P5,234,567 B. P7,385,678
C. P6,514,778 D. P9,354,677

20. A Pelton type was installed 30 m below the head gate of the penstock. The head loss due to
friction is 15% of the given elevation. The length of penstock is 80 m and coefficient of friction
is 0.00093. Determine the power output in KW.Answer: D
A. 12,273 B. 13,234
C. 12,345 D. 12,493

21. From a height if 65 m, water flows at the rate of 0.85 m³/sec and is driving a water turbine
connected to an electric generator revolving at 160 rpm. Calculate the power developed by the
turbine in KW if the total resisting torque due to friction is 540 N-m and the velocity of the
water leaving the turbine blades is 4.75 m/sec.Answer: B
A. 753 B. 523
C. 635 D. 833

22. A proposed hydro-electric power plant has the following data:

Elevation of normal headwater surface = 194 m
Elevation of normal tailwater surface = 60 m
Loss of head due to friction = 6.5 m
Turbine discharge at full gate opening = 5 m³/sec
Turbine efficiency at rated capacity = 90%
Turbine is to be connected to a 60 cycle AC generator.
Find the number of poles of the generator?Answer: B
A. 6 B. 10
C. 8 D. 12

23. A Francis turbine is installed with a vertical draft tube. The top of the draft is 1 m below the
centerline of the spiral casing while the tail race water level is 3 m from the top of the draft
tube. There is no velocity of whirl at the top or bottom of the draft tube and leakage are
negligible. The elevation of water from the reservoir to the centerline of the turbine casing is 50
m, and water velocity at the inlet is 5 m/sec. Discharge is 2.5 m³/sec, hydraulic efficiency is 86%.
Overall efficiency if 83%. Determine the reading of a pressure gage(in psi) if one is installed at
the penstock just before the water inlet to the turbine.Answer: A
A. 69.35 B. 74.33
C. 56.34 D. 92.45

24. A Francis turbine is installed with a vertical draft tube. The top of the draft is 1 m below the
centerline of the spiral casing while the tail race water level is 3 m from the top of the draft
tube. There is no velocity of whirl at the top or bottom of the draft tube and leakage are
negligible. The elevation of water from the reservoir to the centerline of the turbine casing is
50m, and water velocity at the inlet is 5 m/sec. Discharge is 2.5 m³/sec, hydraulic efficiency is
86%. Overall efficiency if 83%. Determine the mechanical efficiency of the turbine. Answer: C
A. 76.23% B. 83.45%
C. 95.51% D. 64.34%

25. A remote community in Mountain Province plans to put up a small hydro-electric plant to
service six closely located barangays estimated to consume 52,650,000 KW-hrs per annum.
Expected flow if water is 1665 m³/min. The most favorable location for the plant fixes the tail
water level at 480 m. The manufacturer of turbine generator set has indicated the following
performance data: turbine efficiency 87%; generator efficiency is 92%; loss in head work not
exceed 3.8% of available head. In order to pinpoint the most suitable area for the dam,
determine the head water elevation.Answer: D
A. 234 m B. 842 m
C. 345 m D. 509 m

26. A hydro-electric plant has a 20 MW generator with an efficiency of 96%. The generator is
directly coupled to a vertical Francis type hydraulic turbine having an efficiency of 80%. The
total gross head on the turbine is 150 m while the loss of head due to friction is 4% of the gross
head. The runaway speed is not to exceed 750 rpm. Determine the flow of water through the
turbine in cfs. Answer: A
A. 651 B. 534
C. 763 D. 827

27. A hydro-electric plant has a 20 MW generator with an efficiency if 96%. The generator is
directly coupled to a vertical Francis type hydraulic turbine having an efficiency of 80%. The
total gross head on the turbine is 150 m while loss head due to friction is 4% of the gross head.
The runaways speed is not to exceed 750 rpm. Determine the rated speed of the
turbine.Answer: C
A. 300 B. 500
C. 400 D. 600

28. Water flows steadily with a velocity of 3.05 m/s in a horizontal pipe having a diameter of
15.24 cm. At one section of the pipe, the temperature and pressure of the water are 21°C and
689.3 KPa, respectively. At a distance of 304.8 m downstream. The pressure is 516.9 kPa. What
is the friction factor?Answer: C
A. 0.134 B. 0.0050
C. 0.0189 D. 0.641
29. A hydroelectric generating unit station is supplied from a reservoir of capacity 6,000,000 m³
at a head of 170 m. Assume hydraulic efficiency of 80% and electrical efficiency 90%. The fall in
the reservoir level after a load is 15 MW has been supplied for 3 hours, if the area of the
reservoir is 2.5 sq. Km is closet to:Answer: A
A. 5.39 cm B. 4.32 cm
C. 5.98 cm D. 4.83 cm

30. A pelton wheel is to be designed to rin at 300 rpm under an effectice head of 150 m. The
ratio of the nozzle diameter of the pitch circle is 1/12. Assuming efficiency of 84%, what is the
size of the wheel in meters? Assume a speed ratio of 0.45.Answer: C
A. 1.05 B. 2.00
C. 1.55 D. 2.86

31. A Francis turbine is installed with a vertical draft tube. The total head to the center of the
spiral casing at the inlet is 38 m and velocity of water at the inlet is 5 m/sec. The discharge is
2.1m³/sec. The hydraulic efficiency is 0.87 and overall efficiency is 0.84. The top of draft tube is
1m (water) below the centerline of the spiral casing while the tailrace (water) level is 3m from
the top of the draft tube. Neglected velocities of whirl and leakage losses, what is the total head
on the turbine in meters?Answer: B
A. 34.72 B. 43.27
C. 55.20 D. 48.12

32. A hydro-electric plant discharges water at the rate of 0.75 m³/sec and enters the turbine at
0.35 mps with a pressure of 275 KPa. Runner inside diameter is 550 mm, speed is 520 rpm and
the turbine efficiency is 88%. Find the turbine speed factor.Answer: A
A. 0.638 B. 0.386
C. 0.368 D. 0.836

33. A hydraulic turbine receives water from a reservoir at an elevation of 100 meters above it.
What is the minimum water kg/s to produce a steady turbine output of 50 Mw?Answer: B
A. 50,247 B. 50,968
C. 50,672 D. 50,465

34. A hydro-electric plant having 50 sq. km reservoir area and 100 m head is used to generate
power. The energy utilized by the consumers whose load is connected to the power plant
during a five hour period is 13.5 x 106kwh. The overall generation efficiency is 75%. Find the fall
in the height of water in the reservoir after the 5-hour period.Answer: B
A. 2.13 m B. 1.32 m
C. 3.21 m D. 0.53 m

35. A reaction turbine develops 500 bhp. Flow through the turbine is 50cfs. Water enters at
20fps with a 100ft pressure head. The elevation of the turbine above the tail water level is 10 ft.
Find the effective head.Answer: D
A. 130 ft B. 120 ft
C. 110 ft D. 116.2 ft

CHIMNEY

1. A boiler uses 2500 kg of coal per hour and air required for the combustion in 16 kg per kg
coal. If ash loss is 10%, determine the mass of the gas entering the chimney. Answer: A
A. 42,250 kg/hr B. 78,300 kg/hr
C. 85,452kg/hr D. 33,800 kg/hr
2. The gas density of chimney is 0.75 kg/m3 and air density of 1.15 kg/m3. If the driving
pressure is 0.25 KPa, determine the height of chimney. Answer: B
A. 54.6 m B. 63.7 m
C. 74.6 m D. 68.5 m

3. The actual velocity of gas entering in a chimney is 8m/sec. The gas temperature is 25°C and
pressure of 98 kPa with a gas constant of 0.287 KJ/kg-°K. Determine the chimney diameter if
mass of gas is 50,000 kg/hr. Answer: D
A. 1.57 m B. 1.81 m
C. 3.56 m D. 1.39 m

4. A coal fired steam boiler uses 3000 kg of coal per hour. Air required for combustion is 15.5 kg
per kg of coal at barometric pressure of 98.2 KPa. The flue has temperature of 285°C and an
average molecular weight of 30. Assuming an ash loss of 11% and allowable gas velocity of 7.5
m/sec, find the diameter of chimney. Answer: C
A. 2.0 m B. 1.53 m
C. 1.91 m D. 2.5 m

5. A power plant situated at an altitude having an ambient air of 96.53 KPa and 23.88°C. Flue
gases at a rate of 5.0 kg/sec enter the stack at 200°C and leaves at 160°C. The flue gases
gravimetric analyses are 18% CO2, 7% O2 and 75% N2. Calculate the height of stack necessary for
a driving pressure of 0.20 KPa. Answer: D
A. 59.56 m B. 60. 15 m
C. 55. 83 m D. 56.95 m

6. A power plant situated at an altitude having air of 96.53 KPa and 23.88°C. Flue gases at a rate
of 5.0 kg/sec enter the stack at 200°C and leaves at 160°C. The flue gases gravimetric analysis
18% CO2, 7% O2 and 75% N2. Calculate the diameter of stack in meters for a driving pressure of
0.20 kPa.Answer: B
A. 0.50 m B. 0.95 m
C. O.60 m D. 1.15 m

7. A steam generator with economizer and air heater has an overall draft loss of 21.78 cm of
water. If the stack gases are at 177°C and if the atmosphere is at 101.3 KPa and 26°C, what
theoretical height of stack in meters is needed when no draft fan are used? Assume that the gas
constant for the flue gases is the same as that for air. Answer: D
A. 565 B. 535
C. 545 D. 550

8. If the actual draft required for a furnace is 6.239 cm of water and the frictional losses in the
stack are 15% of the theoretical draft, calculate the required stack height in meters. Assume
that the flue gas have an average temperature of 149°C and molecular weight of 30. Assume
air temperature of 21°C.Answer: C
A. 215 B. 230
C. 220 D. 210

9. A steam boiler plant consumes 9,000 kg of coal per hour and produces 20 kg of dry flue gases
per kg of coal fired. Outside air temperature is 32°C, average temperature of the flue gas
entering the chimney is 343°C and average temperature of dry flue gas in the chimney is 260°C.
The gage fluid density of 994.78 per m3 and the theoretical draft of 2.286 cm of H2O at the
chimney base is needed when the barometric pressure is 760 mm Hg. Determine the height of
the chimney.Answer: A
A. 46 B. 50
C. 40 D. 56