Class XII Maths Sample Paper – Set 2

Max. Marks: 80 Time Allowed: 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. This Question paper contains - five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory.
However, there are internal choices in some questions.

2. Section A has 18 MCQ’s and 02 Assertion-Reason based questions of 1 mark each.

3. Section B has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 marks each.

4. Section C has 6 Short Answer (SA)-type questions of 3 marks each.

5. Section D has 4 Long Answer (LA)-type questions of 5 marks each.

6. Section E has 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of assessment (4

marks each) with sub parts.

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 Section A 20

Q. No. Questions Marks

1. If A = [a ij ] is a scalar matrix of order n × n such that a ij = k for all i, 1

then trace of A is equal to

n
a)
k

b) n – k

c) nk

d) n + k

2. Three points P(2x, x + 3), Q(0, x) and R(x + 3, x + 6) are collinear, then 1
x is equal to:

a) 2

b) 0

c) 3

d) 1

3. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix and |A| = -2, then value of |A (adj A)| is 1

a) -2

b) 8

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 c) 2

d) -8

4. If A is a non-singular matrix and A' denotes the transpose of A, then 1

a) | AA' || A2 |

b) | A | − | A' | 0

c) |A| + | A'|  0

d) |A|  | A'|

5. The direction ratios of a line parallel to z-axis are: 1

a) < 0, 0, 0 >

b) < 1, 1, 0 >

c) < 1, 1, 1 >

d) < 0, 0, 1

6. dy y 1
The general solution of the differential equation is =
dx x

a) y = kx

b) log y - kx

c) cos x

d) tan x

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7. The corner points of the feasible region determined by the system of 1
linear constraints are (0, 10), (5, 5), (15, 15), (0, 20). Let Z = px + qy,
where p, q > 0. Condition on p and q so that the maximum of Z occurs
at both the points (15, 15) and (0, 20) is

a) q = 3p

b) q = 2p

c) p = q

d) p = 2q

8. In  ABC , 1

AB = iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ and AC = 3iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ.

If D is the mid-point of BC, then vector AD is equal to:

a) iˆ − ˆj + kˆ

b) 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ

c) 4iˆ + 6kˆ

d) 2iˆ + 3kˆ


9. e tan x 1
Evaluate the integral: 0
4
cos 2 x
dx = ?

a) (e − 1)

1 
b)  + 1
e 

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 c) (e + 1)

1 
d)  − 1
e 

10.  5 x 1
If A =   and A = AT , where AT is the transpose of the matrix A
 y 0
, then:

a) x = 0, y = 5

b) x = 5, y = 0

c) x = y

d) x + y = 5

11. The solution set of the inequality 3x + 5y < 4 is 1

a) an open half-plane not containing the origin.

b) an open half-plane containing the origin.

c) a closed half plane containing the origin.

d) the whole XY-plane not containing the line 3x+ 5y = 4

12. If the projection of a = iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ on b = 2iˆ +  kˆ is zero, then the value 1

of  is:

a) 0

b) 1

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 3
c) −
2

2
d) −
3

13. a + ib c + id 1
Evaluate the determinant: =?
−c + id a − ib

a) (a 2 − b 2 − c 2 − d 2 )

b) (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − d 2 )

c) (a 2 − b 2 + c 2 − d 2 )

d) (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 )

14. X and Y are independent events such that 1

2 3
P( X  Y ) = and P( X ) = . Then P(Y ) is equal to:
5 5

2
a)
3

1
b)
3

1
c)
5

2
d)
5

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15. dy 1
The solution of the differential equation = e x − y + x 2e− y is:
dx

x3
a) e + e = + c
x y

x3
b) e x − e y = +c
3

c) y = e x − y − x 2 e y + c

x3
d) e y − e x = +C
3

16. If | a |= 4 and −3    2 , then the range of | a | is: 1

a) [0, 12]

b) [0, 8]

c) [8, 12]

d) [-12, 8]

17. kx + 5, when x  2, 1

If f ( x) =  is continuous at x = 2 , then k = ?
 x + 1, when x  2,

a) -2

b) -1

c) 2

d) -3

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18. x −1 y − 2 z − 3 x −1 y −1 z − 6 1
If the lines = = and = = are
−3 2k 2 3k 1 −5
perpendicular to each other, then k = ?

10
a) −
7

5
b)
7

5
c) −
7

10
d)
7

19. Assertion (A): The rate of change of area of a circle with respect to its 1
radius r when r = 6 cm is 12 cm 2 /cm.

Reason (R): Rate of change of area of a circle with respect to its radius
dA
r is , where A is the area of the circle.
dr

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true

20. Assertion (A): Let A ={2, 4, 6} and B = {3, 5, 7, 9} and defined a 1

function f = {(2, 3), (4, 5), (6, 7)} from A to B. Then, f is not onto.

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 Reason (R): A function f : A → B is said to be onto, if every element
of B is the image of some elements of A under f.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true

Section B 10

21. 1 1 2
Find the value of cos−1 + 2sin −1 .
2 2

OR

Write the interval for the principal value of the function and draw its
graph: cos −1 x .

22. A man is walking at the rate of 6.5 km/hr towards the foot of a tower 2
120 m high. At what rate is he approaching the top of the tower when
he is 50 m away from the tower.

23.    3 7  2
Show that f ( x) = cos  2 x +  is an increasing function on  , .
 4  8 8 

OR

Show that the function given by f ( x) = sin x is neither increasing nor

decreasing in (0,  ) .

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 
24. dx  2
Prove that: 2
=
(1 + )
.
0
tan x 4

25.  3 2   −11  2 −1 2

Find the matrix X for which:  X = .
7 5   −21 0 4 

Section C 18

26. sin( x − a ) 3
Evaluate:  dx.
sin( x + a )

27. A doctor claims that 60% of the patients he examines are allergic to 3
some type of weed. What is the probability that exactly 3 of his next 4
patients are allergic to weeds?


28. Evaluate:  (cos(ax) − sin(bx))2 dx. 3
−

OR

1
Evaluate the integral:  dx.
x 1 + x2

29. dy 3
Solve the initial value problem: + y tan x = 2 x + x 2 tan x, y (0) = 1.
dx

OR

dy
Solve the differential equation: − y tan x = e x .
dx

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30. Solve the following LPP graphically: 3

Minimise Z = 5x + 10y

subject to the constraints x + 2y ≥ 120

x + y ≥ 60, x - 2y ≥ 0 and x, y ≥ 0

OR

The corner points of the feasible region determined by the system of

linear inequations are as shown below:

Answer each of the following:

i. Let z = 13x - 15y be the objective function. Find the maximum and
minimum values of z and also the corresponding points at which the
maximum and minimum values occur.

ii. Let z = kx + y be the objective function. Find k, if the value of z at

A is same as the value of z at B.

31. Find all points of discontinuity of f where f is defined as follows, 3

| x | +3, x  −3,

f ( x) = −2 x, −3  x  3,
6 x + 2, x  3.


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 Section D 20

32. Using method of integration find the area of the triangle ABC, co- 5
ordinates of whose vertices are A (2, 0), B (4, 5) and C (6, 3).

33. n − 1, if n is odd, 5
Let f : → be defined as: f (n) =  Show that f
n + 1, if n is even.
is invertible. Find the inverse of f . Here, is the set of all whole
numbers.

OR

Let A = {1, 2,3} and R = {(a, b) : a, b  A and | a 2 − b 2 | 5} . Write R as a

set of ordered pairs. Mention whether R is

i. reflexive,

ii. symmetric,

iii. transitive.

34. 1 −1 1   −4 4 4  5
   
Given A = 1 −2 −2 and B =  −7 1 3  , find AB and use this
 2 1 3   5 −3 −1
result in solving the following system of equations:

x − y + z = 4,

x − 2 y − 2 z = 9.

2x + y + 3z = 1

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35. Show that the right circular cylinder of given surface and maximum 5
volume is such that its height is equal to the diameter of the base.

OR
Show that the semi-vertical angle of a cone of maximum volume and
1
given slant height is tan −1 2 or cos −1 .
3

Section E 12

36. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that 4
follow:

For an audition of a reality singing competition, interested candidates

were asked to apply under one of the two musical genres-folk or
classical and under one of the two age categories-below 18 or 18 and
above.

The following information is known about the 2000 application

received:

i. 960 of the total applications were the folk genre.

ii. 192 of the folk applications were for the below 18 category.

iii. 104 of the classical applications were for the 18 and above category.

Questions:

i. What is the probability that an application selected at random is for

the 18 and above category provided it is under the classical genre?
Show your work.

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 ii. An application selected at random is found to be under the below 18
category. Find the probability that it is under the folk genre. Show your
work.

iii. If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P(B|A) = 0.6, then P(A ∪ B) is equal
to.

OR

3 4
If A and B are two independent events with P( A) = and P( B) = ,
5 9
find P( A  B)

37. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: 4

If a1 , b1 , c1 and a2 , b2 , c2 are direction ratios of two lines, say L1 and L2

a1 b1 c1
respectively, then L1 L2 iff = = . L1 ⊥ L2 iff
a2 b2 c2
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0.

i. Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the
point A(1, 2, 1) to the line joining B(1, 4, 6) and C(5, 4, 4).

ii. Find the direction ratios of the line which is perpendicular to the
lines with direction ratios proportional to (1,-2, -2) and (0, 2, 1).

iii. What is the relation between the lines:

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 3
y+
x − 2 y +1 z x −1 2 = z +5.
= = and =
3 −2 0 1 3 2
2

OR

If l1 , m1 , n1 and l2 , m2 , n2 are direction cosines of L1 and L2 respectively,

then what is the condition for L1 parallel to L2 ?

38. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that 4
follow:

An Apache helicopter of the enemy is flying along the curve given by

y = x 2 + 7. A soldier, placed at (3, 7) want to shoot down the helicopter
when it is nearest to him.

i. If P( x1 , y1 ) be the position of a helicopter on the curve y = x 2 + 7 ,

then find distance D from P to soldier place at (3, 7).

ii. Find the critical point such that distance is minimum.

iii. Verify by second derivative test that distance is minimum at (1, 8).

OR

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Find the minimum distance between soldier and helicopter?

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 Answer Key

Section A

1. c) nk

2. d) 1

3. d) -8

4. c) |A| + |A'| ≠ 0

5. d) < 0, 0, 1 >

6. a) y = kx

7. a) q = 3p

8. d) 2iˆ + 3kˆ

9. a) (e - 1)

10. c) x = y

11. b) an open half-plane containing the origin.

−2
12. d)
3

13. d) (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 )

1
14. b)
3

x3
15. d) e y − e x = +C
3

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16. a) [0, 12]

17. b) -1

−10
18. a)
7

19. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

20. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Section B

1 1  
21. Let cos −1   = x . Then, cos x = = cos   .
2   2  3 

1 
 cos −1   = .
2 3

1
Let sin −1   = y . Then,
2

1  
sin y = = sin   .
2 6

1 
 sin −1   = .
2 6

Thus,

1  1   2   2
cos −1   + 2sin −1   = + = + = .
2 2 3 6 3 3 3

OR

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The principal value branch of cos −1 x is [0,  ] , and its graph is shown here.

22. Let, at any time t, the man be at distances of x and y metres from the foot and top of the
tower, respectively. Then,

y 2 = x 2 + (120) 2 ...(i)

Differentiating both sides with respect to t , we get:

dy dx
2y = 2x .
dt dt

Simplifying:

dy x dx
= .
dt y dt

Given:

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dx
= −6.5km/hr (negative sign due to decreasing),
dt

dy −6.5 x
therefore: = ...(ii).
dt y

Substitute x = 50 in (i), we get: y = 502 + 1202 = 130.

Putting x = 50, y = 130 in (ii), we get:

dy −6.5  50
= = −2.5.
dt 130

Thus, the man is approaching the top of the tower at the rate of 2.5km/hr .

 
23. Given: f ( x) = cos  2 x + 
 4

 
f ( x) = −2sin  2 x +  .
 4

Now,

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  3 7 
x  , 
 8 8 

3 7
 x
8 8

3 7
  2x 
4 4

 3   7
 +  2x +  +
4 4 4 4 4


   2x +  2
4

 
 sin  2 x +   0
 4

 
 −2sin  2 x +   0
 4

 f ( x)  0.

 3 7 
Hence, f ( x) is increasing on  ,  .
 8 8 

OR

The function is f ( x) = sin x .

Then, f ( x) = cos x.

 
Since for each x   0,  , cos x  0 , we have f ( x)  0 .
2  

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  
Therefore, f is strictly increasing in  0,  ……….. (1).
2  

Now, the function is f ( x) = sin x .

Then, f ( x) = cos x.

 
Since, for each x   ,   , cos x  0 , we have f ( x)  0 .
2 

 
Therefore, f is strictly decreasing in  ,   …………(2).
2 

From (1) and (2),

It is clear that f is neither increasing nor decreasing in (0,  ) .


dx
24. Let y =  2
( )
.
0
1 + tan x


1
Rewrite the integral: y =  2 dx (i).
0
sin x + cos x

b b
Using the theorem of definite integrals:  f ( x) dx =  f (a + b − x)dx,
a a


1
we have: y = 02 dx.
   
cos  − x  + sin  − x 
2  2 

Simplifying:

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 
sin x + cos x
y =2 dx (ii).
0
cos x + sin x

Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get:

 
cos x + sin x sin x + cos x
2y =  2
dx +  2 dx.
0
sin x + cos x 0
cos x + sin x

Simplifying:


2 y =  2 1dx.
0

Evaluating:



2 y =  2 1dx = .
0 2


Thus: y = .
4

3 2  −1 1  2 −1
25. Let A =   , B =  −2 1 , C = 0 4 
.
7 5    

The given equation becomes:

AXB = C.

Rewriting:

X = A−1CB −1.

Now:

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| A |= 3  5 − 7  2 = 15 − 14 = 1, | B |= −11 − (−2 1) = −1 + 2 = 1.

Thus:

adj( A)  5 −2 
A−1 = =  , and:
| A|  −7 3 

adj( B) 1 −1
B −1 = = .
|B|  2 −1

Substituting:

1  5 −2   2 −1 1 −1
X = A−1CB −1 =
21  −7 3  0 4   2 −1
.

1  5 −2  2 −1  10 −13

= =
21  −7 3   0 4   −14 19 
.

Next:

1  10 −13 1 −1  −16 3 

( A C) B
−1 −1
= =
21  −14 19   2 −1  24 −5
.

Thus:

1  −16 3 
X=
21  24 −5
.

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Section C

26. According to the question:

sin( x − a)
I = dx.
sin( x + a)

Put x + a = t  dx = dt .

Thus:

sin(t − 2a) sin t cos 2a − cos t sin 2a

I = dt =  dt.
sin t sin t

Using the identity:

sin( A − B) = sin A cos B − cos A sin B,

we simplify:

I =  cos2adt −  sin2a  cot tdt.

Evaluate each term:

 cos2adt = cos 2a[t ], and:

 sin2a  cot tdt = sin 2a  cottdt = sin 2a [log | sin t |].

Combining:

I = cos 2a[t ] − sin 2a[log | sin t |] + C.

Substituting t = x + a :

I = ( x + a) cos 2a − sin 2a log | sin( x + a) | +C.

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I = x cos 2a − sin 2a log | sin( x + a) | +C.

27. Let us define the following events:

A = First patient is allergic to weeds, B = Second patient is allergic to weeds C = Third

patient is allergic to weeds, D = Fourth patient is allergic to weeds

Clearly, A, B, C, D are independent events such that

60 3
P( A) = P( B) = P(C ) = P( D) = = , all events are independent.
100 5

Therefore, the required probability is given by:

P[( A  B  C  D)  ( A  B  C  D)  ( A  B  C  D)  ( A  B  C  D)].

By the addition rule for mutually exclusive events:

P = P( A  B  C  D) + P ( A  B  C  D) + P ( A  B  C  D ) + P ( A  B  C  D ).

Using the independence of events:

P ( A  B  C  D) = P ( A) P ( B ) P (C ) P ( D ),

P ( A  B  C  D) = P ( A) P ( B ) P (C ) P ( D ),

P ( A  B  C  D ) = P ( A) P ( B ) P (C ) P ( D ),

P ( A  B  C  D ) = P ( A) P ( B ) P (C ) P ( D ).

Substitute probabilities:

3 2
P( A) = P( B) = P(C ) = P( D) = , P( A) = P( B ) = P(C ) = P( D) = .
5 5

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Now compute:

3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3
P=    +    +    +    .
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

54 54 54 54
P= + + + .
625 625 625 625

216
P= .
625

28. Given,


I =  (cos ax − sin bx) 2 dx,
−

( cos )

= 2
ax + sin 2 bx − 2cos ax sin bx dx,
−

( cos )
 
= 2
ax + sin 2 bx dx − 2 cosax sin bxdx,
− −

= I1 − I 2 .

Let,

( cos )

I1 =  2
ax + sin 2 bx dx [asitisanevenfunction].
−

Therefore,

( )

I1 = 2 cos 2 ax + sin 2 bx dx.
0

Using the trigonometric identities:

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 1 + cos 2u 1 − cos 2u
cos 2 u = , sin 2 u = ,
2 2

we get:

  1 + cos 2 ax 1 − cos 2bx 

I1 = 2   +  dx,
0
 2 2 


=  (1 + cos 2ax + 1 − cos 2bx )dx,
0


=  ( 2 + cos 2ax − cos 2bx )dx.
0


I1 =  ( 2 + cos 2ax − cos 2bx )dx.
0


 sin 2ax sin 2bx 
=  2x + −  ,
 2a 2b 0

 sin 2a sin 2b   sin 0 sin 0 

=  2 + −  −0+ − ,
 2a 2b   2a 2b 

sin 2a sin 2b

= 2 + − .
2a 2b

Now:


I 2 = 2 cosax sin bxdx.
−

Since cos ax sin bx is an odd function:

I 2 = 0 (as the integral of an odd function over symmetric limits is zero).

Thus:

I = I1 − I 2 ,

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 sin 2a sin 2b
I = 2 + − .
2a 2b

OR

Let the given integral be:

dx
I = .
x 1 + xn

Rewrite the integral:

x n −1dx x n −1dx
I = = .
xn 1 + xn xn 1 + xn

Simplify:

x n −1dx
I =
xn 1 + xn

Let the given integral be:

dx
I = .
x 1 + xn

Rewrite the integral:

x n −1 dx x n −1 dx
I = = .
xn 1 + xn xn 1 + xn

Simplify:

1 1
n v
I=

Let the given integral be:

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 dx
I = .
x 1 + xn

Rewrite the integral:

x n −1 dx
I = .
xn 1 + xn

Simplify:

x n −1 dx
I = .
xn 1 + xn

Use substitution:

du
Let x n = u  nx n−1dx = du \), so \( x n−1dx = .
n

Now:

1 1
I= 
n u 1+ u
du.

Let 1 + u = t 2  du = 2tdt .

Substitute:

1 2tdt
I= 
n t (t − 1)
2 2
.

Simplify:

2 dt
I= 
n t (t − 1)
2 2
.

Perform partial fraction decomposition (steps omitted for brevity), and integrate:

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 1 1 + 1 + xn
I = log + C.
n 1 + xn −1

29. The given differential equation is:

dy
+ y tan x = 2 x + x 2 tan x, y (0) = 1.
dx

It is a linear differential equation. Comparing it with:

dy
+ Py = Q,
dx

we have: P = tan x, Q = 2 x + x 2 tan x.

The integrating factor (I.F.) is:

I.F. = e  = e
Pdx tan xdx
= elog|sec x| =| sec x | .

The solution of the equation is given by:

y  (I.F.) =  Q  (I.F.) dx + c.

Substitute:

y sec x =  (2 x + x 2 tan x) sec xdx + c.

Expanding:

y sec x =  2x sec xdx +  x 2 sec x tan xdx + c.

For the first term:

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 2x sec xdx = 2 x sec xdx.
For the second term:

x sec x tan xdx = x 2  secx tan xdx −  (2 x sec x  secx tan xdx) dx.
2

Combining:

y sec x =  2x sec xdx + x 2 sec x −  2x sec xdx + c.

Simplify:

y sec x = x 2 sec x + c  (i).

Using the initial condition y (0) = 1 , substitute x = 0 into (i):

1  sec(0) = 02 sec(0) + c.

Since sec(0) = 1 :

1 = 0 + c.

Thus, c = 1 . The solution is:

y sec x = x 2 sec x + 1.

y = x 2 + cos x.

OR

Solve the given differential equation:

dy
− y tan x = e x .
dx

It is a linear differential equation. Comparing it with:

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dy
+ Py = Q,
dx

we have:

P = − tan x, Q = e x .

The integrating factor (I.F.) is:

I.F. = e  =e 
Pdx − tanxdx
= e− log|sec x| = cos x.

Solution of the given equation is given by,

Using the integrating factor (I.F.), the solution to the given linear differential equation is:
y (I.F.) =  Q  (I.F.) dx + c1.

Here: y cos x =  e x cos xdx + c1.

Let: I =  e x cos xdx.

Using integration by parts:

 d
I = e x  cosxdx −   e x
 dx
(  cosxdx ) dx.
Evaluate step-by-step:

I = e x sin x −  e x sin xdx + c2 .

Apply integration by parts again for the term  e x sin xdx :

I = e x sin x − e x cos x −  e x cos xdx  + c2 .

 

Simplify:

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I = e x (sin x + cos x) − I + c2 .

Combine terms:

2I = e x (sin x + cos x) + c2 .

Solve for I:

1 x
I= e (sin x + cos x) + c3 .
2

Substitute I back into the equation for y:

1
y cos x = e x (sin x + cos x) + c.
2

30. Our problem is to minimise the objective function Z = 5x + 10 y ...(i)

Subject to constraints

x + 2y ≤ 120......(ii)

x + y ≥ 60........(iii)

x – 2y ≥ 0..........(iv)

x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 ( which is the non negative constraint which will restrict the feasible region
to the first quadrant only) Table of values for line ( ii) x + 2y = 120 are given below.

x 0 120

y 60 0

Replace O (0, 0) in the inequality x + 2y ≤ 120, we get

0 + 2  0 ≤ 120

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 0  120 (which is true)

So, the half plane for the inequality of the line ( ii) is towards the origin which means that
the origin O(0,0) is a point in the feasible region of the inequality of the line ( ii). Secondly,
draw the graph of the line x + y = 60.Hence the table of values of the line ( iii) is given as
follows.

x 0 60

y 60 0

On replacing O(0, 0) in the inequality x + y ≥ 60, we get

0 + 0 ≥ 60 ⇒ 0 ≥ 60 (which is false)

So, the half plane for the inequality of the line ( iii) is away from the origin, which means
that the origin is not a point on the feasible region . Thirdly, draw the graph of the line x -
2y = 0 and the table of values for ( iv) is given as follows

x 0 10

y 0 5

On solving equations x - 2y = 0 and x + y = 60, we get D(40,20) and on solving equations

x -2y = 0 and x + 2y = 120, we get C (60, 30)

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Feasible region is ABCDA, which is a bounded feasible region, the coordinates of the
corner points of the feasible region are given as A (60, 0), B ( 120, 0), C ( 60, 30) and D
(40, 20).

Corner Points Z = 5x + 10y

A (60, 0) Z = 300 (minimum)

B (120, 0) Z = 600

C (60, 0) Z = 600

D (40, 20) Z = 400

The values of Z at these points are as follows So, the minimum value of Z is obtained as
300 , which occurs at the point (60, 0).

i. . z(A) = 13(4) - 15(0) = 52

z(B) = 13(5) - 15(2) = 35

z(C) = 13(3) - 15(4) = -21

z(D) = 13(0) - 15(2) = -30

z(0) = 0

Max (z) = 52 at A(4, 0), Min(z) = -30 at (0, 2)

ii. z(A) = z(B) ⇒ 4k + 0 = 5k + 2, we get, ⇒ k = -2

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31. Given function is:

| x | +3, x  −3,

f ( x) = −2 x, −3  x  3,
6 x + 2, x  3.


First, we verify continuity at x = −3 and then at x = 3 .

Continuity at x = −3 :

Left-hand limit (LHL):

LHL = lim − f ( x) = lim − (| x | +3).

x →( −3) x →( −3)

Since x → (−3) − :

LHL = lim[| (−3) + h | +3] = lim[3 + h + 3].

h →0 h →0

LHL = 6.

Right-hand limit (RHL):

RHL = lim + f ( x) = lim + (−2 x).

x →( −3) x →( −3)

RHL = lim[−2(−3 + h)] = lim[6 − 2h].

h →0 h →0

RHL = 6.

Value of f ( x) at x = −3 :

f (−3) =| x | +3 =| −3 | +3 = 6.

Since LHL = RHL = f (−3) , the function is continuous at x = −3 .

Continuity at x = 3 :

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Left-hand limit (LHL):

LHL = lim− f ( x) = lim− (−2 x).

x →3 x →3

LHL = lim[−2(3 − h)] = lim[−6 + 2h].

h →0 h →0

LHL = −6.

Right-hand limit (RHL):

RHL = lim+ f ( x) = lim+ (6 x + 2).

x →3 x →3

RHL = lim[6(3 + h) + 2] = lim[18 + 6h + 2].

h →0 h →0

RHL = 20.

Value of f ( x) at x = 3 :

f (3) = 6 x + 2 = 6(3) + 2 = 20.

Since LHL  RHL , the function is not continuous at x = 3 .

f is discontinuous at x = 3 Now, as f (x) is a polynomial function for x < -3, -3< x < 3 and
x > 3 so it is continuous in these intervals.

Hence, only x = 3 is the point of discontinuity of f(x).

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Section D

32. Points in the form of line in the given diagram

The equation of side AB is:

5−0
y −0 = ( x − 2),
4−2

5
 y = ( x − 2).
2

The equation of side BC is:

5−3
y −3 = ( x − 6),
4−6

−2
 y −3 = ( x − 6),
−2

 y − 3 = −( x − 6),

 y = − x + 9.

The equation of side AC is:

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 3−0
y −0 = ( x − 2),
6−2

3
 y = ( x − 2).
4

The total area is calculated as:

4 5 6 3 6
A= ( x − 2) dx +  −( x − 9) dx −  ( x − 2) dx.
2 2 4 4 2

Integrating each term:

1. First term:

4
4 5 5  x2 
2 2
( x − 2) dx =  − 2 x  .
2 2 2

2. Second term:
6
6  x2 
4 −( x − 9)dx = − 2 + 9 x  .
4

3. Third term:

6
3 6 3  x2 
−  ( x − 2) dx = −  − 2 x  .
4 2 4 2 2

Final calculations:

Substitute the limits and simplify:

5  42  22    62  42   3  62  22 
A=  − 2(4) −  − 2(2) +
  − + 9(6) −  − + 9(4)  −  − 2(6) −  − 2(2)   .
2 2  2   2  2  4  2  2 

After simplifications:

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A = 13 − 6 = 7sq. units.

Hence, the required area is 7 sq. units.

33. Given: f : → defined as:

n − 1, if n is odd,
f ( n) = 
n + 1, if n is even.

Injectivity: Let n and m be any two odd real numbers. If f (n) = f (m) , then:

n − 1 = m −1  n = m.

Again, let n and m be any two even whole numbers. If f (n) = f (m) , then:

n+1=m+1

 n=m

Again, let n, m be any two even whole numbers, then f(n) = f(m)

⇒n+1=m+1

⇒n=m

If n is even and m is odd, then n ≠ m.

Now n is even implies f(n) = n+1 and f(m) = m-1.

Therefore, f(n) ≠ f(m)

Similarly n is odd and m is even gives f(n) ≠ f(m)

Therefore in all cases f is one-one.

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Surjectivity: Let n be an arbitrary whole number.

If n is an odd number, then there exists an even whole number (n + 1) such that f(n + 1) =
n+1-1=n

If n is an even number, then there exists an odd whole number (n - 1) such that f(n - 1) =
n-1+1=n

Therefore, every n ∈ W has its pre-image in W.

So, f : W → W is a surjective. Thus f is invertible and f −1 exists.

For f −1 : y = n – 1

⇒ n = y + 1 and y = n + 1

⇒ n=y–1

n − 1, if n is odd,
f −1 (n) = 
n + 1, if n is even.

Hence, f −1 ( y ) = y .

OR

Given that:

Let A = {1, 2,3} and R = {(a, b) : a, b  A and | a 2 − b 2 | 5} .

Put a = 1, b = 1 : |12 − 12 | 5 , (1,1) is an ordered pair.

Put a = 1, b = 2 : |12 − 22 | 5 , (1, 2) is an ordered pair.

Put a = 1, b = 3 : |12 − 32 | 5 , (1,3) is not an ordered pair.

Put a = 2, b = 1 : | 22 − 12 | 5 , (2,1) is an ordered pair.

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Put a = 2, b = 2 : | 22 − 22 | 5 , (2, 2) is an ordered pair.

Put a = 2, b = 3 : | 22 − 32 | 5 , (2,3) is an ordered pair.

Put a = 3, b = 1 : | 32 − 12 | 5 , (3,1) is not an ordered pair.

Put a = 3, b = 2 : | 32 − 22 | 5 , (3, 2) is an ordered pair.

Put a = 3, b = 3 : | 32 − 32 | 5 , (3,3) is an ordered pair.

Hence:

R = {(1,1), (1, 2), (2,1), (2, 2), (2,3), (3, 2), (3, 3)}.

i. For (a, a)  R :

| a 2 − a 2 |= 0  5.

Thus, it is reflexive.

ii. Let (a, b)  R :

(a, b)  R, | a 2 − b 2 | 5 | b 2 − a 2 | 5.

Hence, (b, a)  R .

Therefore, it is symmetric.

iii. Put a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 :

|12 − 22 | 5, | 22 − 32 | 5,

but:

|12 − 32 | 5.

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Thus, it is not transitive.

34. x − y + z = 4,

x − 2 y − 2 z = 9,

2 x + y + 3z = 1.

Let:

1 −1 1   x  4
A = 1 −2 −2 ,  
X =  y  , C = 9  .
 2 1 3   z  1 

Then, the given system of equations can be rewritten as:

AX = C.

Now,

1 −1 1   −4 4 4 
AB = 1 −2 −2   −7 1 3  .
 2 1 3   5 −3 −1

8 0 0 
AB = 0 8 0  .
0 0 8 

AB = 8I .

1
A−1 = B since A−1 AB = 8 A−1I .
8

B = 8 A−1.

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  −1 1 1 
A =  −7 1 3  .
1
−1

8
 5 −3 −1

Now, AX = C :

X = A−1C.

 −1 1 1   4 
X =  −7 1 3  9  .
1
8
 5 −3 −1 1 

 −4 + 9 + 1 
X =  −28 + 9 + 3 .
1
8
 20 − 27 − 1

 6 
X =  −16  .
1
8
 −8 

3
X =  −2  .
 −1

Thus, x = 3 , y = −2 , z = −1 .

35. Let radius of the cylinder = r

Height of the cylinder = h|

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The surface area of the cylinder is given by: s = 2 rh + 2 r 2 (1).

Rearranging for h :

s − 2 r 2
h= .
2 r

Now, the volume of the cylinder is: v =  r 2 h.

Substitute h :

 s − 2 r 2 
v =  r2  .
 2 r 

Simplify:

1
v=  sr − 2 r 3  .
2

Differentiate v with respect to r :

dv 1
=  s − 6 r 2  .
dr 2

Differentiate again to find the second derivative:

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d 2v 1
=  0 − 12 r .
dr 2 2

For maximum/minimum volume, solve:

dv
= 0  s − 6 r 2 = 0.
dr

s = 6 r 2 .

Using equation (1):

2 rh + 2 r 2 = 6 r 2 .

Solve for r :

h
r= .
2

h
Evaluate the second derivative at r = :
2

d 2v
| = 1 0 − 12  h  .
2 r=h
dr 2
2 2

Simplify:

d 2v
= −3 h  0.
dr 2

h
Thus, s is maximum at r = .
2

Hence, h = 2r .

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 OR

Let α be the semi-vertical angle of a cone VAB of given slant height l.

In AOV,

VO OA
cos  = and sin  = .
VA VA

VO OA
 cos  = , sin  = .
l l

Let VO = l cos  , OA = l sin  .

Let V be the volume of the cone. Then:

1
V =  (OA) 2 (VO).
3

Substitute:

1
V =  ( l sin  ) ( l cos  ) .
2

Simplify:

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 1
V =  l 3 sin 2  cos  .
3

Differentiate V with respect to  :

dV  l 3
d
=
3
(
− sin 3  + 2sin  cos 2  . )
Factorize:

dV  l 3
d
=
3
(
sin  − sin 2  + 2 cos 2  ) (i).

dV
The critical points of V are given by =0.
d

 l3

3
( )
sin  − sin 2  + 2 cos 2  = 0.

 2cos 2  = sin 2  .

Using tan 2  + 1 = sec2  , solve:

tan 2  = 2  tan  = 2 (since$ $isacuteand$sin   0$).

1 1
cos  = = (as$ tan  = 2$).
1 + tan  2
3

Differentiate (i) again to find the second derivative:

d 2V  l 3
d 2
=
3
(
−3sin 2  cos  + 2 cos3  − 4sin  cos  cos  . )
1
Substitute tan  = 2 and cos  = :
3

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d 2V  l 3
d 2
=
3
(
cos3  2 − 7 tan 2  .)
Simplify:

d 2V  l 3  l3
= ( 2 − 7  2) = ( −12 ) .
d 2 3 3 3 3

d 2V 4 l 3
= −  0.
d 2 3

Thus, V is maximum when tan  = 2 , or  = tan −1 2 .

The semi-vertical angle of the cone is tan −1 2 .

Section E

36. i. According to given information, we construct the following table.

Given, total applications = 2000

Folk Genre Classical Genre

960 (given) 2000 – 960 =1040

Below 18 192 (given) 1040 – 104 = 936

18 or Above 18 960 – 192 = 768 104 (given)

Let E 1 = Event that application for folk genre

E 2 = Event that application for classical genre

A = Event that application for below 18

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B = Event that application for 18 or above 18

1040 104
 P( E2 ) = and P( B  E2 ) = .
2000 2000

Required Probability:

104
P( B  E2 ) 2000 1
= = = .
P( E2 ) 1040 10
2000

ii. Required probability:

 E  P ( E1  A)
P ( folk below 18 ) = P  1  = .
 A P( A)

Now:

192 192 + 936 1128

P( E1  A) = , P( A) = = .
2000 2000 2000

Thus:

192
192 8
Required probability = 2000 = = .
1128 1128 47
2000

iii. Here:

P( A) = 0.4, P( B) = 0.8, P( B | A) = 0.6.

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 P( B  A)
P( B | A) =  P ( B  A) = P ( B | A)  P ( A).
P( A)

P( B  A) = 0.6  0.4 = 0.24.

Using the formula:

P( A  B) = P( A) + P( B) − P( A  B),

= 0.4 + 0.8 - 0.24

= 1.2 - 0.24 = 0.96

OR

Since A and B are independent events, A' and B' are also independent. Therefore:

P( A  B) = P( A)  P( B).

Substitute:

P( A) = 1 − P( A), P( B) = 1 − P( B).

P( A  B) = (1 − P( A))(1 − P( B)).

3 4
Given P( A) = and P( B) = :
5 9

 3  4 
P( A  B) = 1 − 1 −  .
 5  9 

Simplify:

2 5
P( A  B) =  .
5 9

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 2
P( A  B) = .
9

37. i. Equation of line joining B and C:

x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
= = = .
x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1

Substitute the points:

x −1 y − 4 z − 6
= = = .
4 0 −2

Let the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular be D(4 + 1, 4, −2 + 6) (i) .
D.R.sofAD are (4 , 2, -2 +5).

Now:

4(4 ) + 0(2) + (−2)(−2 + 5) = 0.

Simplify:

1
16 + 4 − 10 = 0  20 = 10   = .
2

1
Substitute  = into equation (i):
2

 1 1 
D =  4   + 1, 4, −2   + 6  .
 2 2 

Simplify:

D = (3, 4,5).

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Required coordinates are (3, 4,5) .

ii. Let a, b, c be the direction ratios of the required line. Since it is perpendicular to the
lines whose direction ratios are (1, −2, −2) and (0, 2,1) respectively:

a − 2b − 2c = 0 (i)

a + 2b + c = 0 (ii).

On solving (i) and (ii) by cross-multiplication, we get:

a b c
= = .
−2 + 4 0 − 1 2

Simplify:

a b c
= = .
2 −1 2

Thus, the direction ratios of the required line are (2, −1, 2) .

 3 
iii. The direction ratios of the given lines are (3, −2, 0) and 1, , 2  .
 2 

Now:

3
3 1 + (−2)  + 0  2 = 3 − 3 + 0 = 0.
2

Thus, the given lines are perpendicular to each other.

OR

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Since direction ratios are proportional to direction cosines, therefore L1 will be parallel to
l1 m1 n1
L2 if and only if: = = .
l2 m2 n2

38. i. P( x1 , y1 ) is on the curve y = x2 + 7  y1 = x12 + 7 .

Distance from P( x1 , x12 + 7) and (3, 7) :

D = ( x1 − 3) 2 + ( x12 + 7 − 7) 2 .

Simplify:

D = ( x1 − 3) 2 + ( x12 ) 2 .

D = x14 + x12 − 6 x1 + 9.

ii. D = x14 + x12 − 6 x1 + 9.

Differentiate D 2 :

D2 = x14 + x12 − 6 x1 + 9.

dD
= 4 x13 + 2 x1 − 6 = 0.
dx1

Factorize:

2 x13 + x1 − 3 = 0  ( x1 − 1)(2 x12 + 2 x1 + 3) = 0.

The roots are:

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x1 = 1, and 2 x12 + 2 x1 + 3 = 0 (no real roots).

The critical point is (1,8) .

iii. Differentiate again to find the second derivative:

d 2D
= 12 x12 + 2.
dx12

At x1 = 1 :

d 2D
2
= 12(1) 2 + 2 = 14  0.
dx1

Hence, the distance is minimum at (1,8) .

OR

Substitute x1 = 1 into D :

D = x14 + x12 − 6 x1 + 9.

D = 14 + 12 − 6(1) + 9 = 1 + 1 − 6 + 9 = 5.

Thus, the minimum distance is 5 units.

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