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Pure Mathematics 3: Supporting Material 6: Techniques of Integration (Revision)

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
17 views2 pages

Pure Mathematics 3: Supporting Material 6: Techniques of Integration (Revision)

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Shahriar Mostafa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pure Mathematics 3

Supporting Material 6: Techniques of Integration (Revision)

1. Integrate directly using formula :

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
i) ∫ 𝟐𝒙
+ 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 ii) ∫ 𝟏+𝒙
− 𝟏−𝒙 + (𝟏+𝟐𝒙 )𝟑 𝒅𝒙
iii) ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 (𝟐 − 𝒙) + 𝒆 𝟑 − 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( 𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙 ) 𝒅𝒙 iv) 𝒙
∫(𝒆 + 𝟏 ) 𝟐
𝒅𝒙

2. Rearrange (only for trigonometric expressions) using identities so that you can apply formula :

𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝟐
i) ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 𝒙
+ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 ii) ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝟐 𝒙 (𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝟐 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝟏
𝟑 − 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( 𝒙)
iii) ∫( 𝟏
𝟐
) 𝒅𝒙 iv) ∫(𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙)𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐 ( 𝒙 )
𝟐

v) ∫(𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟓𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝒙 )𝟐 𝒅𝒙

3. Rearrange (algebraic fraction) using partial fraction so that you can integrate :

𝟓+𝟑𝒙 𝒙𝟐
i) ∫ ( 𝒙+𝟐 )( 𝒙+𝟏 )𝟐 𝒅𝒙 ii) ∫ 𝒙𝟐− 𝟒
𝒅𝒙

4. a) Integrate the following using substitution shortcut :

𝒆 𝟐𝒙
i) ∫ ( 𝒆 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟑 𝒅𝒙 ii) ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒙 ( 𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙 )𝟒 𝒅𝒙
iii) ∫ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒆𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 iv) ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓 𝟑𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
v) ∫ 𝒅𝒙
√𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙+𝟑

b) Integrate the following by substitution when ‘u’ is given :

𝟐 𝟓 𝟏
i) ∫ 𝒅𝒙 ; 𝒖 = √𝒙 ii) ∫𝟐 𝒅𝒙 ; 𝒖𝟐 = 𝒙 − 𝟏
√𝒙 ( 𝒙 – 𝟒 ) 𝟏 + √ 𝒙−𝟏
𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
iii) ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 ; 𝒖 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 iv) ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 ; 𝒖 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙

5. Integration by parts :

𝒙 𝒙
i) ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 ii) ∫ 𝒍𝒏 (𝟐) 𝒅𝒙
𝝅
iii) ∫ 𝒙𝟐 𝒆−𝒙 𝒅𝒙 iv) ∫𝟎𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒍𝒏 (𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙

6. Estimate area using trapezium rule without using integration :


𝟏.𝟏
a) ∫𝟎.𝟏 √𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 ; 𝒏 = 𝟓

𝟐
b) I) Find the exact value of 𝐼 = ∫𝟎 𝒙√(𝟐 − 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙.
II) Find an approximate value for I using the trapezium rule with (i) 4 strips (ii) 6 strips
III) Compare the percentage error for these two approximations.

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7. Integrate the following ( mixed exercise ) :

i) 𝟒 ∫ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟕𝒙 𝒅𝒙 ii) ∫ 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟒𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟒𝒙 𝒅𝒙


𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐
iii) ∫ 𝟑 – 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 iv) ∫ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏
𝒅𝒙
𝟐
v) ∫ 𝒙 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙 vi ) ∫𝒙 𝒆 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 𝒙
vii) ∫ 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙 viii) ∫ 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙
ix) ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 x) ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙

xi) ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙

Answers
1 1
𝟏. 𝒊) 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| − 2 cot 𝑥 + 𝐶 𝒊𝒊) 𝑙𝑛|1 + 𝑥| + 𝑙𝑛|1 − 𝑥| − +𝐶
2 4(1 + 2𝑥)2
1 1
𝒊𝒊𝒊) − tan(2 − 𝑥) − 𝑒 3−𝑥 − sin(1 − 2𝑥) + 𝐶 𝒊𝒗) 𝑒 2𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2

1 1
𝟐. 𝒊) tan 𝑥 + sec 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 + 𝐶 𝒊𝒊) tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥 + 𝐶 𝒊𝒊𝒊) − 6 cot ( 𝑥) + 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( 𝑥) + 𝐶 𝒊𝒗) − cot 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + tan 𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2
1 1 1 1
𝒗) 𝑥 + sin 6𝑥 − sin 10𝑥 − cos 8𝑥 − cos 2𝑥 + 𝐶
12 20 8 2

𝑥+1 2 𝑥−2
𝟑. 𝒊) ln | |− +𝐶 𝒊𝒊) 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛 | |+𝐶
𝑥+2 𝑥+1 𝑥+2

1 1 1 1
𝟒. 𝒂) 𝒊) − (𝑒 2𝑥 + 1)−2 + 𝐶 𝒊𝒊) (1 + sin 2𝑥) 5 + 𝐶 𝒊𝒊𝒊) 𝑒 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶 𝒊𝒗) 𝑠𝑖𝑛6 3𝑥 + 𝐶 𝒗) − ln|cos 2𝑥 + 3| + 𝐶
4 10 18 4
√𝑥 − 2 2 2 1
𝒃) 𝒊) ln | |+𝐶 𝒊𝒊) 2 + 2 ln 𝑜𝑟 1.19 𝒊𝒊𝒊) − cos 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝑥 + 𝐶 𝒊𝒗) − ln|1 − sin 𝑥| + 𝐶
√𝑥 + 2 3 3 5

𝑥 1
𝟓. 𝒊) 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − ln|sec 𝑥| + 𝐶 𝒊𝒊) 𝑥 ln ( )–𝑥 + 𝐶 𝒊𝒊𝒊) − 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 − 2𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶 𝒊𝒗) ( 1 − ln 2 )
2 2

𝟔. 𝒂) 1 . 41

16
𝒃) 𝐈) √2 𝐈𝐈) 𝒊) 1.34 𝒊𝒊) 1.42 𝐈𝐈𝐈) 𝒊) 11.4% 𝒊𝒊) 6.1% ( 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑦)
5

1 1 1 (3 + 𝑥)2
𝟕. 𝒊) sin 10𝑥 + sin 4𝑥 + 𝐶 𝒊𝒊) 𝑥 + sin 8𝑥 + 𝐶 𝒊𝒊𝒊) − 𝑥 + ln | |+𝐶 𝒊𝒗) 𝑥 + ln|𝑥 2 + 1| + 𝐶
5 2 8 1−𝑥

1 1 1 𝑥2 1
𝒗) 𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 − 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶 𝒗𝒊) 𝑒 +𝐶 𝒗𝒊𝒊) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑥 + 𝐶 𝒗𝒊𝒊𝒊) 𝑥 − ln|𝑥 + 1| + 𝐶
2 4 2 2

1
𝒊𝒙) − 2 cot 2𝑥 + 𝐶 𝒙) 2𝑥 − tan 𝑥 + 𝐶 𝒙𝒊) 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥 + 𝐶
3

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