The 1973 MARPOL Convention as modified by the 1978 Protocol

IOPP Certificate International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate

SBT Segregated ballast tanks

CBT Dedicated clean ballast tanks

COW Crude oil washing system

IGS Inert gas systems

PL Protective location of segregated ballast tanks

CAS Condition Assessment Scheme

WHAT ARE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR DISCHARGES IN ANTARCTIC WATERS?

Under Marpol Annex I Part A, the discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from any ship shall be prohibited in the
Antarctic area.

Define Instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content.

Instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content means the rate of discharge of oil in litres per hour at any instant divided by
the speed of the ship in knots at the same instant.
Describe the surveys and inspections required under the provisions of MARPOL.

Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above, and every other ship of 400 gross tonnage and above shall be subject to
the surveys specified below:

.1 an initial survey before the ship is put in service or before the IOPP is issued for the first time, which shall include a
complete survey of its structure, equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements and material. This survey shall be such as to
ensure that the structure, equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements and material fully comply with the applicable
requirements of Annex I;

.2 a renewal survey at intervals not exceeding 5 years. The renewal survey shall be such as to ensure that the structure,
equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements and material fully comply with applicable requirements of Annex I;

.3 an intermediate survey within 3 months before or after the second anniversary date or within 3 months before or after
the third anniversary date of the Certificate which shall take the place of one of the annual surveys. The intermediate survey
shall be such as to ensure that the equipment and associated pump and piping systems, including ODMCS, COW systems,
OWS equipment and oil filtering systems, fully comply with Annex I and are in good working order.

.4 an annual survey within 3 months before or after each anniversary date of the Certificate, including a general
inspection of the structure, equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements and material to ensure that they have been
maintained and that they remain satisfactory for the service for which the ship is intended. Such annual surveys shall be
endorsed on the IOPP Certificate

.5 an additional survey either general or partial, shall be made after a repair resulting from investigations, or whenever
any important repairs or renewals are made. The survey shall be such as to ensure that the necessary repairs or renewals
have been effectively made, that the material and workmanship of such repairs or renewals are in all respects satisfactory
and that the ship complies in all respects with the requirements of Annex I.

State that the condition of the ship and its equipment should be maintained to conform to the provisions of the Convention.

The condition of the ship and its equipment shall be maintained to conform with the provisions of the present Convention to
ensure that the ship in all respects will remain fit to proceed to sea without presenting an unreasonable threat of harm to the
marine environment.

After any survey of the ship has been completed, no change shall be made in the structure, equipment, systems, fittings,
arrangements or material covered by the survey, without the sanction of the Administration, except the direct replacement of
such equipment and fittings.

State that the certificate issued after survey is the International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) Certificate.

An International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate shall be issued, after an initial or renewal survey in accordance with the
provisions of Annex 1, to any oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above and any other ships of 400 gross tonnage and
above.

List the conditions under which oily mixtures may be discharged into the sea from an oil tanker.

Regulation 4 :Exceptions
Oily Mixtures may be discharged into the sea from an oil tanker under the following exceptions.

1 the discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture necessary for the purpose of securing the safety of a ship or saving life
at sea; or

.2 the discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture resulting from damage to a ship or its equipment:

.2.1 provided that all reasonable precautions have been taken after the occurrence of the damage or discovery of the
discharge for the purpose of preventing or minimizing the discharge; and

.2.2 except if the owner or the master acted either with intent to cause damage, or recklessly and with knowledge
that damage would probably result; or

.3 the discharge into the sea of substances containing oil, approved by the Administration, when being used for the
purpose of combating specific pollution incidents in order to minimize the damage from pollution. Any such discharge shall
be subject to the approval of any Government in whose jurisdiction it is contemplated the discharge will occur.

State that residues which cannot be discharged into the sea in compliance with the regulations must be retained on board or
discharged to reception facilities.

The oil residues which cannot be discharged into the sea in compliance with this regulation shall be retained on board for
subsequent discharge to reception facilities. Annex 1 Reg 15.9.

List the special areas for the purposes of Annex I.

Special Areas
Mediterranean Sea
Baltic Sea
Black Sea
Red Sea
"Gulfs" area
 Gulf of Aden
Antarctic area
North West European Waters
Oman area of the Arabian Sea
Southern South African waters

State that any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from an oil tanker is prohibited while in a special area.

Any discharge into the sea of oil /oily mixture from the cargo area of an oil tanker shall be prohibited while in a special area.

Describe the conditions under which an oil tanker may discharge oily mixtures through ODMCS.

Any discharge into the sea of oil /oily mixtures from the cargo area of an oil tanker shall be prohibited except when all the
following conditions are satisfied:

.1 the tanker is not within a special area;

.2 the tanker is more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest land;

.3 the tanker is proceeding en route;

.4 the instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does not exceed 30 litres per nautical mile;

.5 the total quantity of oil discharged into the sea does not exceed 1/30,000 of the total quantity of the particular
cargo of which the residue formed a part; and
.6 the tanker has in operation an oil discharge monitoring and control system and a slop tank arrangement as
required by this Annex.

Describe the conditions under which a ship, other than an oil tanker, may discharge oily mixtures in a special area.
Discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships of 400 GT and above shall be prohibited except when all the
following conditions are satisfied:

.1 the ship is proceeding en route;

.2 the oily mixture is processed through an oil filtering equipment meeting the requirements of regulation 14 (Oil filtering
equipment) of Annex 1;

.3 the oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 parts per million;

.4 the oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers; and

.5 the oily mixture, in the case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo residues.

Describe conditions in which processed bilge water from machinery spaces may be discharged in a special area.

Discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships of 400 GT and above shall be prohibited except when all of the
following conditions are satisfied:

.1 the ship is proceeding en route;

.2 the oily mixture is processed through an oil filtering equipment meeting the requirements of regulation 14.7 (Oil filtering
equipment) of Annex 1; (oil content of the effluent does not exceed 15 ppm, alarm arrangement and automatic 15 ppm
stopping device are in place)
.3 the oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 parts per million;

.4 the oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers; and

.5 the oily mixture, in the case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo residues.
In respect of the Antarctic area, any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from any ship shall be prohibited.

State that ballast water should not normally be carried in cargo tanks of tankers provided with segregated ballast
tanks. Explain the exceptions in which ballast may be carried in cargo tanks.
Ballast water should not normally be carried in cargo tanks of tankers provided with segregated ballast tanks. Only in the
following cases can ballast water be carried in cargo tanks.
.1 on those rare voyages when weather conditions are so severe that, in the opinion of the master, it is necessary to
carry additional ballast water in cargo tanks for the safety of the ship; and
.2 in exceptional cases where the particular character of the operation of an oil tanker renders it necessary to carry
ballast water in excess of the quantity required, provided that such operation of the oil tanker falls under the category of
exceptional cases as established by the Organization.
Such additional ballast water shall be processed and discharged in compliance with regulation 34 of this Annex and an entry
shall be made in the ORB Part II.
4 In the case of crude oil tankers, the additional ballast shall be carried in cargo tanks only if such tanks have been crude oil
washed before departure from an oil unloading port or terminal.
In new ships of 400 tons gross tonnage and above and in new oil tankers of 150 tons gross tonnage and above, no ballast
water should normally be carried in any oil fuel tank.

List the contents of SOPEP. Describe that the Plan consists generally of 4 sections with the mandatory contents and its
appendices with additional information as contact addresses and data plus a set of certain drawings for easy reference for
the master.
The Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (“SOPEP”) is to be seen as an information from the owners to the master of a
ship. It is an advice to the master on how to react in case of an oil spill to prevent or at least mitigate negative effects on the
environment. The Plan contains operational aspects for various oil spill scenarios and lists communication information to be
used in case of such incidents

Regulation 37 - Shipboard oil pollution emergency plan

1 Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above and every ship other than an oil tanker of 400 gross tonnage and above
shall carry on board a shipboard oil pollution emergency plan approved by the Administration.

2 Such a plan shall be prepared based on guidelines* developed by the Organization and written in the working language of
the master and officers. The plan shall consist at least of:

.1 the procedure to be followed by the master or other persons having charge of the ship to report an oil pollution
incident, as required in article 8 and Protocol I of the present Convention, based on the guidelines developed by the
Organization;†
.2 the list of authorities or persons to be contacted in the event of an oil pollution incident;
.3 a detailed description of the action to be taken immediately by persons on board to reduce or control the
discharge of oil following the incident; and
.4 the procedures and point of contact on the ship for coordinating shipboard action with national and local
authorities in combating the pollution.

SOPEP contains the following things:

1. The action plan contains the duty of each crew member at the time of the spill, including emergency muster and actions.
2. SOPEP contains the general information about the ship and the owner of the ship etc.
3. Steps and procedure to contain the discharge of oil into the sea using SOPEP equipment
4. It contains the inventory of the SOPEP material provided for pollution prevention such as oil absorbent pads, sawdust
bags, booms etc.
5. Onboard reporting procedure and requirement in case of an oil spill is described
6. Authorities to contact and reporting requirements in case of an oil spill are listed in SOPEP. Authorities like port state
control, oil clean up team etc are to be notified
7. Authorities to contact and reporting requirements in case of an oil spill are listed in SOPEP. Authorities like port state
control, oil clean up team etc. are to be notified.
8. SOPEP includes drawing of various fuel lines, along with other oil lines on board vessel with the positioning of vents,
save all trays etc.
9. The general arrangement of the ship is also listed in SOPEP, which includes the location of all the oil tanks with capacity,
content etc.
10. The location of the SOPEP locker and contents of the locker with a list of inventory
11. Guidance to keep the records of the pollution incident (for liability, compensation and insurance purpose)
12. Material for Reference from essential organisations (guidelines issued by ICS, OCIMF, SIGTTO, INTERTANKO, etc.)
13. Procedures for testing various plan described in the SOPEP
14. Procedure to maintain the record as required by the authorities
15. Details of when and how to review the plan
What is the Pumping, piping and discharge arrangement in oil tankers. What is the MARPOL line.

1.In every oil tanker, a discharge manifold for connection to reception facilities for the discharge of dirty ballast water or oil-
contaminated water shall be located on the open deck on both sides of the ship. This is called the MARPOL line

2 In every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above, pipelines for the discharge to the sea of ballast water or oil-
contaminated water from cargo tank areas shall be led to the open deck or to the ship's side above the waterline in the
deepest ballast condition.

3 Every oil tanker required to be provided with segregated ballast tanks or fitted with a crude oil washing system, shall
comply with the following requirements:

.1 it shall be equipped with oil piping so designed and installed that oil retention in the lines is minimized; and
.2 means shall be provided to drain all cargo pumps and all oil lines at the completion of cargo discharge, where
necessary by connection to a stripping device.
4 The line and pump draining shall be capable of being discharged both ashore and to a cargo tank or a slop tank. For
discharge ashore a special small diameter line shall be provided and shall be connected outboard of the ship's manifold
valves.
5 On every oil tanker the discharge of ballast water or oil-contaminated water from cargo tank areas shall take place above
the waterline, except as follows:
.1 Segregated ballast and clean ballast may be discharged below the waterline:
.1.1 in ports or at offshore terminals, or at sea by gravity, or
 .1.2 at sea by pumps if the ballast water exchange is performed provided that the surface of the ballast water has
been examined either visually or by other means immediately before the discharge to ensure that no contamination with oil
has taken place.

Describe ORB (Part I – Machinery space operations and Part II – Cargo/ ballast operations)

Regulation 17 - Oil Record Book, Part I (Machinery space operations)

1 Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above and every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above other than an oil tanker
shall be provided with an Oil Record Book Part I (Machinery space operations).

2 The Oil Record Book Part I shall be completed on each occasion, on a tank-to-tank basis if appropriate, whenever any of
the following machinery space operations takes place in the ship:

.1 ballasting or cleaning of oil fuel tanks;

.2 discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from oil fuel tanks;
.3 collection and disposal of oil residues (sludge and other oil residues);
.4 discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in machinery spaces; and
.5 bunkering of fuel or bulk lubricating oil.
3 In the event of accidental or other exceptional discharge of oil not excepted by that regulation, a statement shall be made
in the Oil Record Book Part I of the circumstances of, and the reasons for, the discharge.
4 Each operation shall be fully recorded without delay in the Oil Record Book Part I, so that all entries in the book
appropriate to that operation are completed.
Each completed operation shall be signed by the officer or officers in charge of the operations concerned and each
completed page shall be signed by the master of ship. The entries in the Oil Record Book Part I, for ships holding an
International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate, shall be at least in English, French or Spanish.

5 Any failure of the oil filtering equipment shall be recorded in the Oil Record Book Part I.

6 The Oil Record Book Part I shall be kept in such a place as to be readily available for inspection at all reasonable times . It
shall be preserved for a period of three years after the last entry has been made.

7 The PSC officer may inspect the Oil Record Book Part I on board any ship to which this Annex applies while the ship is in
its port or offshore terminals and may make a copy of any entry in that book and may require the master of the ship to certify
that the copy is a true copy of such entry.

Any copy so made which has been certified by the master of the ship as a true copy of an entry in the ship’s Oil Record
Book Part I shall be made admissible in any judicial proceedings as evidence of the facts stated in the entry.

The inspection of an Oil Record Book Part I and the taking of a certified copy by the competent authority under this
paragraph shall be performed as expeditiously as possible without causing the ship to be unduly delayed.
 Regulation 36 - ORB Part II (Cargo/Ballast Operations)

1 Every oil tanker of 150 GT and above shall be provided with an ORB Part II (Cargo/Ballast Operations).
2 The ORB Part II shall be completed on each occasion, on a tank-to-tank basis if appropriate, whenever any of the
following cargo/ ballast operations take place in the ship:

.1 loading of oil cargo;

.2 internal transfer of oil cargo during voyage;
.3 unloading of oil cargo;
.4 ballasting of cargo tanks and dedicated clean ballast tanks;
.5 cleaning of cargo tanks including crude oil washing;
.6 discharge of ballast except from segregated ballast tanks;
.7 discharge of water from slop tanks;
.8 closing of all applicable valves or similar devices after slop tank discharge operations;
.9 closing of valves necessary for isolation of dedicated clean ballast tanks from cargo and stripping lines after slop
tank discharge operations; and
.10 disposal of residues.
3 The total quantity of oil and water used for washing and returned to a storage tank shall be recorded in the ORB Part II.

4 In the event of accidental or other exceptional discharge of oil, a statement shall be made in the ORB Part II of the
circumstances of, and the reasons for, the discharge.
5 Each operation shall be fully recorded without delay in the ORB Part II so that all entries in the book appropriate to that
operation are completed. Each completed operation shall be signed by the of the operations
concerned ,each completed page shall be signed by the master of ship. The entries in the ORB Part II shall be at least in
English, French or Spanish.

6 Any failure of the oil discharge monitoring and control system shall be noted in the ORB Part II.

7 The ORB shall be kept in such a place as to be readily available for inspection at all reasonable times shall be kept on
board the ship. It shall be preserved for a period of after the last entry has been made.

8 PSC may inspect the ORB Part II while the ship is in its port or offshore terminals and may make a copy of any entry in
that book and may require the master of the ship to certify that the copy is a true copy of such entry. Any copy so made
which has been certified by the master of the ship as a true copy of an entry in the ship's ORB Part II shall be made
admissible in any judicial proceedings as evidence of the facts stated in the entry. The inspection of an ORB Part II and the
taking of a certified copy by the competent authority under this paragraph shall be performed as expeditiously as possible
without causing the ship to be unduly delayed.