The School of Higher Commercial Studies (EHEC Algiers)
Linear Algebra 02
2nd Year Preparatory Classes
2024-2025
EXERCISES ON THE MATRIX CALCULATION (01)
Exercise 1
Consider the following matrices 𝐴, 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶
1 −1 −3 0 −1 0 4
A= ( ) B= ( ) C= ( )
0 2 1 2 2 3 −5
Calculate (if possible)
𝐴 + 𝐵, 𝐴−𝐶
𝐴. 𝐵 , 𝐵. 𝐴, ( 𝐵 𝑇 𝐴)𝑇 + 𝐵
Exercice 2
Consider the following matrices A, B, C and D
2 1 0 1 1 0 2 0
A= ( ) B= ( ) C= ( ) D= ( )
1 0 1 2 2 1 1 2
1. Calculate 𝐴 + 𝐵 , 𝐴2 , 𝐵 2, 𝐴. 𝐵, 𝐵. 𝐴
Is the following equality correct? (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 2 𝐴. 𝐵 + 𝐵 2
2. Calculate also : 𝐶 + 𝐷, 𝐶 2 , 𝐷2 , 𝐶. 𝐷, 𝐷. 𝐶
Verify if this equality is correct: (𝐶 + 𝐷)2 = 𝐶 2 + 2𝐶. 𝐷 + 𝐷2
3. What is deduced?
Exercise 3
Consider the square matrices A, B ∈ ℳ𝑛 (ℝ), n ∈ ℕ
Show that:
𝐴 and 𝐵 are upper-triangular matrices ⟹ The product 𝐴. 𝐵 is also an upper-triangular
matrix
Exercise 4
Consider the square matrices A, B ∈ ℳ𝑛 (ℝ), n ∈ ℕ . Show that:
1. 𝐴𝑇 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝑇 𝐵 + 𝐵𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐
3. 𝐼𝑓 𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤 − 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝑇 𝐵 + 𝐵𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤 − 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 (Home
Work)
1l2
Exercise 5
Calculate An , n ∈ ℕ:
0 −1 1 0 1 1 1 0
i. A= ( )
1 0 ii. A= (0 0 0) iii. A= (0 1 1) put A=B+I3
1 0 1 0 0 1
Exercise 6
Write the following matrices in the form 𝐴 = 𝛼 𝐵 + 𝛽 𝐼3 and calculate An , n ∈ ℕ
using Newton's binomial formula
3 1 1 1 −2 −2
i. A= (1 3 1) ii. A= (−2 1 −2)(home work)
1 1 3 −2 −2 1
Such that
1 1 1
𝐵 = (1 1 1) , 𝐼3 is the identity matrix of order 3 and 𝛼, 𝛽 ∈ ℝ
1 1 1
Exercise 7
1. Calculate the following determinants (For the 3rd one use two methods)
1 2 3
|
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
| 𝜃∈ℝ |𝑥 + 1 𝑥2 | 𝑥∈ℝ |0 −1 2|
sin 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 𝑥 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1
4 0 1
2. Find the following determinants without calculation
2 3 −2 3 1 2 3 4
1 3 0 2 −2 0
0 2 0 4 5 6 7 8
|2 0 0|, |1 0 1| , | |, | |
−4 −6 4 −6 9 10 11 12
−2 5 0 3 4 7
1 −2 3 3 13 14 15 16
2l2
