{Questions for Lab 4}

1. Write a C program to check whether a given number is positive, negative, or zero.

Solution:

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

int num;

printf("enter a number:");

scanf("%d",&num);

if(num>0){

printf("\n %d is positive number",num);

else if(num<0){

printf("\n %d is negative number",num);

else{

printf("\n number is zero");

return 0;

Output:
 2. Write a C program that checks whether a given integer is odd or even using an if-else
condition.

Solution:

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

int num;

printf("enter a numbers:");

scanf("%d",&num);

if(num%2==0){

printf("\n%d is even",num);

else{

printf("\n%d is odd",num);

return 0;

Output:
 3. Write a C program to find the largest of three numbers entered by the user using nested if-
else.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int num1,num2,num3;

printf("enter three numbers:");

scanf("%d%d%d",&num1,&num2,&num3);

if((num1>num2)&&(num1>num3)){

printf("%d is largest",num1);

else if(num2>num3){

printf("%d is largest",num2);

else{

printf("%d is largest",num3);

return 0;

Output:
 4. Write a C program to create a simple calculator that performs addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division using the switch-case construct.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int num1,num2,c;

printf("enter two numbers:");

scanf("%d%d",&num1,&num2);

printf("\nfirst number:%d",num1);

printf("\nsecond number:%d",num2);

printf("\nenter the case:");

scanf("%d",&c);

switch(c){

case 1:

printf("\nSum of %d and %d is:%d",num1,num2,num1+num2);

break;

case 2:

if(num1>num2){

printf("\ndiff of %d and %d is:%d",num1,num2,num1-num2);

else{

printf("\ndiff of %d and %d is:%d",num1,num2,num2-num1);

break;

case 3:

printf("\nproduct of %d and %d is:%d",num1,num2,num1*num2);

break;

case 4:

if(num1>num2){
 printf("\ndivision of %d and %d is:%d",num1,num2,num1/num2);

else{

printf("\ndiff of %d and %d is:%d",num2,num1,num2/num1);

break;

default:

printf("\nplease enter a valid case");

break;

return 0;

Output:
 5. Write a C program to check whether a given character is a vowel or consonant using the
switch case.

Solution: #include <stdio.h>

int main() {

char ch;

printf("Enter a character: ");

scanf("%c", &ch);

if((ch >= 'A' )&&(ch <= 'Z')) {

ch+=32;

switch (ch) {

case 'a':

case 'e':

case 'i':

case 'o':

case 'u':

printf("%c is a vowel.\n", ch);

break;

case 'b':

case 'c':

case 'd':

case 'f':

case 'g':

case 'h':

case 'j':

case 'k':

case 'l':

case 'm':

case 'n':
 case 'p':

case 'q':

case 'r':

case 's':

case 't':

case 'v':

case 'w':

case 'x':

case 'y':

case 'z':

printf("%c is a consonant.\n", ch);

break;

default:

printf("Invalid input. Please enter an alphabetic character.\n");

return 0;

Output:
 6. Write a C program to check if a given year is a leap year or not using if-else.

Solution:

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

int year;

printf("enter the year:");

scanf("%d",&year);

if(((year%4==0)&&(year%100!=0))||(year%400==0)){

printf("\n %d is Leap year",year);

else{

printf("\n %d is not a Leap year",year);

return 0;

Output:
 7. Write a C program that takes a student's marks as input and prints the corresponding grade
based on a given grading system using if-else.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

float marks;

printf("Enter the student's marks (0-100): ");

scanf("%f", &marks);

if (marks < 0 || marks > 100) {

printf("Invalid marks. Please enter a value between 0 and 100.\n");

} else {

if (marks >= 90) {

printf("Grade: A\n");

} else if (marks >= 80) {

printf("Grade: B\n");

} else if (marks >= 70) {

printf("Grade: C\n");

} else if (marks >= 60) {

printf("Grade: D\n");

} else {

printf("Grade: F\n");

return 0;

}
Output:
 8. Write a C program to calculate the sum of digits of a given number using a while loop.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(){

int num,sum=0,rem,n;

printf("\nEnter a number:");

scanf("%d",&num);

n=num;

while(num!=0){

rem=num%10;

sum+=rem;

num=num/10;

printf("Sum of digits of %d is:%d",n,sum);

return 0;

Output:
 9. Write a C program to find the factorial of a given number using a for loop.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(){

int num;

long int fact=1;

printf("\nEnter a number:");

scanf("%d",&num);

for(int i=1;i<=num;i++){

fact*=i;

printf("factorial of %d is: %ld",num,fact);

return 0;

Output:
10. Write a C program to reverse the digits of a given number using a while loop.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(){

int n,rev=0,rem,num;

printf("\nEnter a number:");

scanf("%d",&n);

num=n;

while(n!=0){

rem=n%10;

rev=rev*10+rem;

n=n/10;

printf("reverse of %d is : %d",num,rev);

return 0;

Output:
 11. Write a C program to check whether a given number is prime or not using a for loop.

Solution:

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

int num,isprime=1;

printf("enter a number:");

scanf("%d",&num);

if(num<1)

isprime=0;

for(int i=2;i*i<=num;i++){

if(num%i==0){

isprime=0;

if(isprime==0){

printf("\nnumber is not prime");

else{

printf("number is prime");

return 0;

Output:
 12. Write a C program to generate the first n numbers in the Fibonacci series using a while loop.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(){

int num,pre=0,cur=1,next=0;

printf("enter the no of terms");

scanf("%d",&num);

for(int i=0;i<num;i++){

if(i==0){

printf("%d\n",cur);

next=cur+pre;

pre=cur;

cur=next;

printf("%d\n",next);

return 0;

Output:
 13. Write a C program to find the sum of the first n natural numbers using a for loop.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int num,sum=0;

printf("enter a number");

scanf("%d",&num);

for(int i=0;i<num;i++){

sum+=(i+1);

printf("sum of first %d natural numbers is:%d",num,sum);

return 0;

Output:
 14. Write a C program to generate and display the multiplication table of a given number using a
for loop.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(){

int i , n ;

printf("\nEnter a number:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("\nTable of %d is:",n);

for(i=1;i<=10;i++){

int table=n*i;

printf("\n%d",table);

return 0;

Output:
 15. Write a C program to check if a given number is a palindrome using a while loop.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int num, n, rev = 0, rem;

printf("Enter an integer: ");

scanf("%d", &num);

n = num;

while (num != 0) {

rem = num % 10;

rev = rev* 10 + rem;

num /= 10;

if (n== rev) {

printf("%d is a palindrome.\n", n);

} else {

printf("%d is not a palindrome.\n", n);

return 0;

Output:
 16. Write a C program to find the GCD of two numbers using a while loop and the Euclidean
algorithm.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int num1, num2, temp;

printf("Enter two numbers to find their GCD: ");

scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);

if (num1 < 0) num1 = -num1;

if (num2 < 0) num2 = -num2;

while (num2 != 0) {

temp = num2;

num2 = num1 % num2;

num1 = temp;

printf("GCD is: %d\n", num1);

return 0;

Output:
 17. Write a C program to print the following pattern using a nested for loop:

**

***

****

Solution: to get the above pattern enter n=4

#include <stdio.h>

int main(){

int i , n ;

printf("Enter the no of lines;");

scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=0;i<=n;i++){

for(int j=0;j<i;j++){

printf("*");

printf("\n");

return 0;

Output:
 18. Write a C program to find the sum of all odd and even numbers separately up to a given
number using a for loop.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int num,evensum=0,oddsum=0;

printf("enter a number");

scanf("%d",&num);

for(int i=1;i<=num;i++){

if(i%2){

oddsum+=i;

else{

evensum+=i;

}}

printf("\nsum of even numbers is:%d",evensum);

printf("\nsum of odd numbers is:%d",oddsum);

return 0;

Output:
 19. Write a C program to check whether a given number is an Armstrong number or not using a
while loop.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

int main() {

int num, n, rem, count = 0, sum = 0;

printf("Enter an integer: ");

scanf("%d", &num);

n= num;

while (n!= 0) {

n /= 10;

count++;

n = num;

while (num!= 0) {

rem= num % 10;

sum += pow(rem, count);

num/= 10;

if (sum == n) {

printf("%d is an Armstrong number.\n", n);

} else {

printf("%d is not an Armstrong number.\n", n);

return 0;

Output:
 20. Write a C program to generate a Celsius-to-Fahrenheit conversion table for values from 0 to
100 using a for loop.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

float celsius, fahrenheit;

printf("Celsius\tFahrenheit\n");

printf("---------------------\n");

for (celsius = 0; celsius <= 100; celsius++) {

fahrenheit = (celsius * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32;

printf("%.1f\t%.1f\n", celsius, fahrenheit);

return 0;

Output:
 21. Write a C program to find the roots of a quadratic equation. Use an if-else ladder to handle
different cases (real and equal roots, real and unequal roots, complex roots).

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

int main() {

float a, b, c, discriminant, root1, root2, realPart, imaginaryPart;

printf("Enter coefficients a, b and c: ");

scanf("%f %f %f", &a, &b, &c);

if (a == 0) {

printf("Not a quadratic equation (a should not be 0).\n");

return 1;

discriminant = b * b - 4 * a * c;

if (discriminant > 0) {

root1 = (-b + sqrt(discriminant)) / (2 * a);

root2 = (-b - sqrt(discriminant)) / (2 * a);

printf("Roots are real and unequal.\n");

printf("Root 1 = %.2f\n", root1);

printf("Root 2 = %.2f\n", root2);

} else if (discriminant == 0) {

root1 = root2 = -b / (2 * a);

printf("Roots are rea and equal.\n");

printf("Root 1 = Root 2 = %.2f\n", root1); }

else { realPart = -b / (2 * a);

imaginaryPart = sqrt(-discriminant) / (2 * a);

printf("Roots are complex and different.\n");

printf("Root 1 = %.2f + %.2fi\n", realPart, imaginaryPart);

printf("Root 2 = %.2f - %.2fi\n", realPart, imaginaryPart);

return 0; }
output:
 22. Write a C program to find the sum of all even numbers between 1 and n using a for loop.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int num,even=0;

printf("enter a number");

scanf("%d",&num);

for(int i=1;i<=num;i++){

if(i%2==0){

even+=i;

}}

printf("\nsum of even numbers between 1 and %d is:%d",num,even);

return 0;

Output:
 23. Write a C program to calculate the sum of the series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/n using a for loop.

Solution:

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

int n,num,i,sum=0;

printf("enter the no of terms:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("\nseries:");

for(i=1;i<=n;i++){

printf(" 1/%d +",i);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++){

num=1/i;

sum+=num;

printf("\nsum of the given series is:%d",sum);

Output:
 24. Write a C program to calculate the sum of the factorials of all numbers from 1 to n using a for
loop.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int num;

long int fact=1;

printf("enter a number");

scanf("%d",&num);

for(int i=1;i<=num;i++){

fact*=i;

printf("\n\nfact of %d is:%ld",i,fact);

return 0;

Output:
 25. Write a C program to calculate the electricity bill based on the following criteria:

 For the first 100 units: ₹3 per unit

 For the next 100 units: ₹5 per unit

 Beyond 200 units: ₹8 per unit Use if-else conditions to compute the total bill.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

float calculateElectricityBill(int units) {

float bill;

if (units <= 100) {

bill = units * 3.0;

} else if (units <= 200) {

bill = (100 * 3.0) + ((units - 100) * 5.0);

} else {

bill = (100 * 3.0) + (100 * 5.0) + ((units - 200) * 8.0);

return bill;

int main() {

int units;

float totalBill;

printf("Enter the number of units consumed: ");

scanf("%d", &units);

if (units < 0) {

printf("Invalid input! Number of units cannot be negative.\n");

return 1;

totalBill = calculateElectricityBill(units);

printf("Total electricity bill: ₹%.2f\n", totalBill);

return 0;

}
Output:
 26. Write a C program to compute income tax based on the following slabs:

 Income up to ₹2.5 lakhs: No tax

 ₹2.5 - ₹5 lakhs: 5%

 ₹5 - ₹10 lakhs: 20%

 Above ₹10 lakhs: 30% Use if-else conditions to determine the tax.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

float calculateIncomeTax(float income) {

float tax ;

if (income <= 250000) {

tax = 0.0;

} else if (income <= 500000) {

tax = (income - 250000) * 0.05;

} else if (income <= 1000000) {

tax = (250000 * 0.05) + (income - 500000) * 0.20;

} else {

tax = (250000 * 0.05) + (500000 * 0.20) + (income - 1000000) * 0.30;

}return tax;}

int main() {

float income, totalTax;

printf("Enter your annual income (in ₹): ");

scanf("%f", &income);

if (income < 0) {

printf("Invalid input! Income cannot be negative.\n");

return 1;}

totalTax = calculateIncomeTax(income);

printf("Total income tax: ₹%.2f\n", totalTax);

return 0;

}
Output:
 27. Write a C program to input a student's marks in five subjects and calculate the percentage.
Based on the percentage, display the grade using an if-else ladder:

 90% and above: A+

 80%-89%: A

 70%-79%: B

 60%-69%: C

 Below 60%: Fail

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

void grade(int a,int b,int c,int d,int e){

float per=(a+b+c+d+e)/5;

if(per>90)

printf("Grade=A+");

else if(per>89)

printf("Grade=A");

else if(per>79)

printf("Grade=B");

else if(per>69)

printf("Grade=C");

else

printf("Fail");

int main(){

int mark1,mark2,mark3,mark4,mark5;

printf("enter the marks of 1st subject:");

scanf("%d",&mark1);

printf("enter the marks of 2nd subject:");

scanf("%d",&mark2);

printf("enter the marks of 3rd subject:");

printf("enter the marks of 4th subject:");

scanf("%d",&mark4);

printf("enter the marks of 5th subject:");

scanf("%d",&mark5);

grade(mark1,mark2,mark3,mark4,mark5);

return 0;

Output:
 28. Write a C program to simulate a simple ATM system with the following options:

 1: Balance Inquiry

 2: Cash Withdrawal

 3: Cash Deposit Use a switch-case to handle the different options, ensuring that sufficient
balance is checked for withdrawal.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int option;

float balance = 10000.0;

float amount;

printf("\nATM Menu:\n");

printf("1: Balance Inquiry\n");

printf("2: Cash Withdrawal\n");

printf("3: Cash Deposit\n");

printf("4: Exit\n");

printf("Select an option: ");

scanf("%d", &option);

switch (option) {

case 1:

printf("Your current balance is: ₹%.2f\n", balance);

break;

case 2:

printf("Enter amount to withdraw: ₹");

scanf("%f", &amount);

if (amount > balance) {

printf("Insufficient balance for withdrawal.\n");

} else {

balance -= amount;
 printf("Withdrawal successful! New balance: ₹%.2f\n", balance);

break;

case 3:

printf("Enter amount to deposit: ₹");

scanf("%f", &amount);

balance += amount;

printf("Deposit successful! New balance: ₹%.2f\n", balance);

break;

case 4:

printf("Thank you for using the ATM! Goodbye.\n");

return 0;

default:

printf("Invalid option. Please try again.\n");

return 0;

Output:
 29. Write a C program to calculate the parking fee in a mall:

 First 2 hours: ₹30

 Each additional hour: ₹10 Input the total time in hours and calculate the parking fee using a
for loop.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int calculateParkingFee(int hours) {

int fee;

if (hours <= 2) {

fee = 30;

} else {

fee = 30 + (hours - 2) * 10;

return fee;

int main() {

int hours;

printf("Enter total parking time in hours: ");

scanf("%d", &hours);

if (hours < 0) {

printf("Invalid input! Parking time cannot be negative.\n");

return 1;

int totalFee = calculateParkingFee(hours);

printf("Total parking fee: ₹%d\n", totalFee);

return 0;

Output:
 30. Write a C program to calculate the monthly instalment (EMI) for a loan based on principal,
interest rate, and tenure. Use if-else conditions to check valid input.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

int main() {

double principal, rate, tenure, emi, monthly_rate;

printf("Enter the principal amount (P): ");

scanf("%lf", &principal);

printf("Enter the annual interest rate (in percentage): ");

scanf("%lf", &rate);

printf("Enter the tenure (in years): ");

scanf("%lf", &tenure);

if (principal <= 0) {

printf("Invalid input: Principal must be greater than 0.\n");

} else if (rate <= 0 || rate > 100) {

printf("Invalid input: Interest rate must be between 0 and 100.\n");

} else if (tenure <= 0) {

printf("Invalid input: Tenure must be greater than 0.\n");

} else {

monthly_rate = rate / (12 * 100);

tenure = tenure * 12;

emi = (principal * monthly_rate * pow(1 + monthly_rate, tenure)) /

(pow(1 + monthly_rate, tenure) - 1);

return 0;

Output:
 31. Write a C program to calculate BMI based on weight and height. Use if-else conditions to
classify the BMI into categories:

 Underweight: BMI < 18.5

 Normal weight: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.9

 Overweight: 25 ≤ BMI < 29.9

 Obesity: BMI ≥ 30

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

float BMI(float w,float h){

return w/(h*h);

int main(){

float weight,height,bmi;

printf("enter Height in m:");

scanf("%f",&height);

printf("enter weight in kg:");

scanf("%f",&weight);

bmi=BMI(weight,height);

if(bmi<18.5){

printf("Underweight");

else if(bmi<24.9){

printf("normal weight");

else if(bmi<29.9){

printf("overweight");

else{

printf("Obesity"); }

return 0;}
Output:
 32. Write a C program to calculate the monthly water bill based on usage:

 Up to 1000 liters: ₹5 per 100 liters

 1001 to 5000 liters: ₹7 per 100 liters

 Above 5000 liters: ₹10 per 100 liters Use if-else conditions to calculate the bill.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

float Bill(float w){

if(w<1000){

return (w/100)*5;

else if(w<5000){

return 10*5+((w-1000)/100)*7;

else{

return 10*5+40*7+((w-5000)/100)*10;

int main(){

float water,bill;

printf("enter your monthly water usage:");

scanf("%f",&water);

bill=Bill(water);

printf("your monthly water bill is %0.2f",bill);

return 0;

Output:
 33. Write a C program to manage a simple shopping cart. Allow the user to add items with
prices, calculate the total cost, and apply a discount if the total exceeds ₹5000. Use loops for
multiple entries and if-else for the discount.

Solution:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int item = 1;

float price, totalCost ;

char addMore;

printf("Welcome to the Shopping Cart!\n");

do {

printf("Enter the price of item %d: ₹", item);

scanf("%f", &price);

totalCost += price;

item++;

printf("Do you want to add another item? (y/n): ");

scanf(" %c", &addMore);

} while (addMore == 'y' || addMore == 'Y');

printf("\nTotal cost of items: ₹%.2f\n", totalCost);

if (totalCost > 5000) {

float discount = totalCost * 0.10; // 10% discount

totalCost -= discount;

printf("A discount of ₹%.2f has been applied!\n", discount);

} else {

printf("No discount applied.\n");

printf("Final total cost: ₹%.2f\n", totalCost);

printf("Thank you for shopping!\n");

return 0;

}
Output: