1.
Diagnosis OF VIRAL DISEASE
Viral infections
• Virus means venom or poison.
• Viruses are ultramicroscopic,
metabolically inert, infectious
organisms.
• Virally infected cells produce the
nucleic acid characteristics of the virus
and therefore susceptibility of cells to
viral infection may depend on the
availability of suitable nucleic acid
within the cell to sustain the virus.
STRUCTURE
Orthomyxovirus
RNA virus Paramyxovirus
Rhabdovirus
Arenavirus
Calcivirus
Coronavirus
Bunyavirus
Piconavirus
Togavirus
Reovirus
Retrovirus
DNA VIRUS
1.Herpes virus
2.Poxvirus
3.Adenovirus
4.Parvovirus
5.Iridovirus
6.Papovavirus
Syndrome Common Uncommon Specimens
Enteroviruses (Coxsackie, echo), NP-throat, CSF, urine, stool, serum
Aseptic meningitis Polio, LCMV, HSV-2, adenovirus
mumps for LCMV
Mumps, measles, influenza,
NP-throat, stool, CSF, brain biopsy
Encephalitis Arbovirusesa, HSV-1, -2 rubella, VZV, rabies, EBVa,
(if herpes suspected), serum
enteroviruses
Rhinovirus, parainfluenza,
Measles, coronavirus (NL,HK),
URI, bronchitis, “flu” influenza, adenovirus, enterovirus, NP-throat, nasal aspirate
bocavirus
RSV
Croup Parainfluenza RSV, adenovirus, influenza NP-throat, nasal aspirate
Parainfluenza, CMV, rhinovirus, NP-throat, stool, tracheal,
RSV, adenovirus, influenza,
Pneumonia measles, rubella, HSV, VZV, aspirate, nasal aspirate, urine,
metapneumovirus
enterovirus serum
Bronchiolitis RSV, influenza Influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus NP-throat, nasal aspirate
Vesicular fluid, NP-throat, stool
Rashes – vesicular VZV, HSV-1, -2 Vaccinia, enterovirus
(for enterovirus), serum
NP-throat, stool (for enterovirus),
Rashes – non-vesicular Measles, rubella, enterovirus EBVa, Hepatitis B virus
serum
NP-throat, stool, pleural fluid,
Congenital infection CMV, HSV-2, rubella Parvovirus B19
pericardial fluid, serum
Polio virus, mumps, influenza, NP-throat, stool, pleural fluid,
Pleurodynia, pericarditis Enterovirus (Coxsackie and echo)
adenovirus pericardial fluid, serum
Eye lesions (keratitis,
Eye swabs, NP-throat, nasal
keratoconjunctivitis, HSV-1, -2, adenovirus Measles
washing
conjunctivitis)
Gastroenteritis Rotavirus norovirusa, adenovirus Enterovirus (newborns), influenza Stool, NP-throat, urine
Hepatitis A, B, Ca, D, EBVa, CMV,
Hepatitis Enterovirus, adenovirus, HSV-1, -2 Serum, NP-throat, stool, urine
VZV
Adenovirus, LCMV, EBVa, NP-throat, urine, nasal aspirate,
Parotitis Mumps parainfluenza, influenza
enterovirus serum
Measles(Rubeola, red spots, morbilli)
Acute, highly contagious, dermotrophic and endemic viral infection
primarily effecting children. Caused by paramixovirus.
Clinical features;
• 3 stages: pre-eruptive/prodromal, Spread to neck, chest, back, and the
eruptive, post-eruptive stage. extremities.
• Highly contagious during prodromal
and eruptive period. Appear as tiny red macules or papules,
• Incubation period :8-10 days, which enlarge and coalesce to form
characterized by onset of fever, blotchy, discolored, irregular lesions,
malaise, cough, conjunctivitis, which blanch on pressure and
photopgobia, lacrimation, eruptive gradually fade away in 4-5 days with a
lesion of skin and oral mucosa. fine desquamation.
• Skin eruptions usually begin on the
face, in the hairline, behind the ears,
MUMPS
RUBELLA
Clinical features
APHTHOUS FEVER
CHIKUNGUNYA
HERPES
SIMPLEX
Chickenpox
Cytomegalovirus
inclusion
disease
Infectious mononucleosis
Smallpox
Molluscum contagiosum
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
Coronavirus
