BACCALAUREAT MALIEN - JUIN 2024
SERIE: TLL DUREE: 3H COEF.: 3
ANGLAIS (LV1)
Where state legitimacy, authority and capability are weak, there is likely to be difficulty
in the implementation of peacebuilding programs - Libya, Mali and Burkina Faso are current
examples. Not only are such countries dealing with ungoverned spaces, but, in some cases,
the state's authority has been so eroded that there are parallel machineries of control - and the
state, lacking the monopoly of the use of force, is unable to address this.
These realities make peacebuilding complex, and test the political commitment and endurance
of those engaged in its various processes.
Another challenge of peacebuilding is that in the most fragile post-conflict countries,
the prospect of a decline into violence often emerges. Very often, the precipitating factors are
ignored until it is too late. Sometimes, the conflict that erupts involves organized armed groups,
which are able to use their armed status to bargain for concessions from weak state structures.
Another trigger for the reigniting of conflict may be the failure of those who attain power to
attend to the issues of socio-economic justice. Peace agreements followed by elections are
typically marked by the extension of political rights that is unmatched by the provision of
meaningful access to social and economic rights. Burning questions, such as control over land
and the redistribution of wealth, stand as massive obstacles in societies in Which these
questions remain unresolved. Likewise, where there have beengross violations of human rights
and perpetrators have not been brought to book, the failure to effect transitional justice hangs
like a cloud over the affected societies or countries
A further challenge to peacebuilding is the varied and asymmetrical threats that peace
operations must continue to respond to, even as peacebuilding work must proceed. Apart
from the threat of loss of life of the contingents deployed to address threats posed by armed
insurgents, rebels or extremists, the disruptive impact on civilian life - displacement, deaths
and/or disruption of normal communal life - creates a tremendous humanitarian burden.
QUESTIONS: (20pts).
I. Reading Comprehension: (5pts)
A. Copy down the complete sentence containing the correct answer: (1pts)
1. The application of peace building programs is expected to be difficult when...
a) state legitimacy, authority and currency are weak
b) there is a decline into violence from armed groups
c) there is threat of loss of life of the contingents deployed
d) state legality, power and capacity are fragile
2. Organized armed groups use their armed status to... from weak state structures.
a) obtain concessions
b) implement peace
c) test political commitment
d) attend to the issues
B. Copy down the true sentences and correct the false ones (2pts)
1. Parallel machineries of control are consequent to weak state's authority.
2. Peacebuilding is a very simple process.
3. Control over land and the redistribution of wealth are burning questions in post- conflict
countries.
4. Gross violations of human rights must be ignored to assure success to transitional justice.
Baccalauréat Malien - Anglais (LV1) - juin 2024 (bkalan.ml) Page 1/ 2
C. Answers these questions based on the text: (2pts)
1. Copy from the text four (4) challenges of peacebuilding.
2. Cite the threats posed by armed insurgents that impact on civilian life according to the
reading passage.
II. Language: (8pts)
A. Vocabulary: Copy down each word from the list A with one from the list B so as to
make pairs of opposites. (2pts)
A B
1. weak a) peace
2. complex b) threat
3. conflict c) simple
4. failure d) strong
e) success
B. Find another way to say the same thing: asking for and giving opinion, agreeing,
disagreeing (2pts)
a) What's your opinion about peace building ?
b) As far as I'm concerned, peace building is a complex process.
c) I agree.
d) I don't agree.
C. Complete with the appropriate missing verb from the list: moved out, get in, breaks
out, bring out (2pts)
When conflict....between two parties, a third person is needed to... a cease fire. This process
allows the refugees who had... to... their homes again.
D. Translate into French: (1pt)
Another challenge of peace building is that in the most fragile post-conflict countries, the
prospect of a decline into violence often emerges. Very often, the precipitating factors are
ignored until it is too late.
E. Translate into English: (1pt)
Il n'y a pas de développement sans paix. C'est pourquoi il est nécessaire et utile de faire la
paix entre nous.
III. Composition: choose only one topic (5pts)
A. Suppose you are a leader in Africa. Write a ten (10) line essay to give your solutions in order
to stop wars in Africa. Remember:
- Introduction (1pt)
- Development (3pts)
- Conclusion (1pt)
B. Koudédia Diaby, Rue 24, Porte 309, Sokura - Dioila, sends a letter to the Ministry of
Reconciliation, Bamako - Mali. She agrees on the idea of a nationwide dialog to build peace in
Mali. She gives her opinion in four (4) points on the way to proceed for that dialog.
Write Koudédia's letter with the appropriate layout.
Performance indicators:
Clean exam sheet: (0.5pt)
Originality of ideas :
o Questions based on text (0.5pt)
o Function (0.5pt)
o Composition (0.5pt)
Baccalauréat Malien - Anglais (LV1) - juin 2024 (bkalan.ml) Page 2/ 2
