PLUS ONE

PHYSICS

MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

 MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE It is scalar quantity
Unit is m/s

REST
VELOCITY

Displacement of an object in unit time

Displacement
Velocity =
TimeTaken
Unit is m/s
Position of an object does not change with
time It is vector quantity

MOTION NOTE

If the initial position of a body is x1 and it’s final

position is x2 then displacement (s = x2 - x1 )
is equal to change in position (∆x) and time
interval is ∆t

Position of the object changes with respect to

∴ Velocity
time. Δx
V=
Δt
It is clear that velocity is Rate of change of
DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT position.
SPEED VELOCITY

• Distance covered by an object in • Rate of change of displacement

DISTANCE unit time • vector quantity.

The length of the path travelled by an object • scalar quantity. • Can be positive,

during its motion • Can only have positive values. negative, and zero.

• S I unit is meter/Second • S I unit is meter/Second

DISPLACEMENT
It is the shortest or straight line distance
between initial and final position

SPEED Give any two difference between speed and

velocity.

Speed is the distance covered by an object in

unit time.
Distance travelled
Speed =
TimeTaken

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UNIFORM VELOCITY
A body has uniform velocity if it covers equal
displacements in equal intervals of time. What does speedometer of a car measures ?

ACCELERATION
The motion of an object is said to be
accelerated if it’s velocity changes with time
Define uniform motion? (When either the magnitude or direction of
motion changes)

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

NON UNIFORM VELOCITY wrt time.
v
a= t
A body has non uniform velocity if it covers
un equal displacements in equal intervals of
time. NOTE
If the speed of the body decreases, then the
acceleration is opposite to that of the velocity
and this is said to be in decelerated or
INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY retarded motion.

It is the velocity of a body at any instant of time. UNIFORM ACCELERATION

It is the average velocity during an
infinitesimally small time interval.
If equal change in velocity in equal intervals of
time, then acceleration is uniform.

Define uniform acceleration

NON UNIFORM ACCELERATION

If unequal change in velocity in equal intervals
of time, then acceleration is uniform.

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INSTANTANEOUS ACCELERATION
It is the acceleration at any instant, the
average accelerationduring infinitesimally
small time interval.

VELOCITY - POSITION RELATION

EQUATION OF MOTION
✓ Mathematical representation of a motion
✓ It is the relation connecting position
(displacement), and velocity

EQUATIONS OF MOTION

VELOCITY-TIME VELOCITY-POSITION POSITION-TIME

POSITION - TIME RELATION
RELATION RELATION RELATION

VELOCITY-TIME RELATION
✓ Consider a body moving with initial velocity
u and acceleration a
✓ After time t it's displacement is S and final
velocity is v

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ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY (g)
A ball is dropped from the top of a tower, it
• Acceleration gained by an object due to reach the ground in 4sec. Find the height of
gravitational force. the tower
Direction - Always directed
towards the center of the
earth.

• It is independent of mass of
the body.
• g = 9.8 m/s2

A car travelling at a speed 54 km/hr is

brought to rest in 90s. Find the distance
travelled by the car before coming to rest.
Can an object has zero velocity but still
accelerating? Argue with an example.

A player throws a ball vertically upwards.

What is the velocity and acceleration of the A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a
ball at the highest point of its motion ? velocity of 20 m s–1 from the top of a
multistorey building. The height of the point
from where the ball is thrown is 25.0 m from
the ground.
(a) How high will the ball rise ?
(b) how long will it be before the ball hits
the ground?
Take g = 10 m s–2.
Free fall is an example of ………….. accelerated
motion

(a) What is stopping distance ? What is its GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

signif icance?
(b) Find expression for stopping distance in
terms of initial velocity and acceleration. GRAPH

POSITION-TIME VELOCITY-TIME ACCELERATION-

GRAPH GRAPH TIME GRAPH

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POSITION - TIME GRAPH
Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4
Body at rest
Displacement (m) 0 2.5 10 22.5 40

Uniform retardation

Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4

Displacement (m) 5 5 5 5 5

We get a stright line parallel to time axis

Uniform motion (Velocity)

SLOPE OF POSITION - TIME GRAPH

Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4

Displacement (m) 0 5 10 15 20

We get a straight line inclined to time axis.

Uniform Acceleration

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 Draw the position - time graph of an object The position - time graph of an object in
moving with constant positive velocity. uniform motion is...........
i) a straight line parallel to the time axis.
ii) a straight line parallel to the position axis.
iii) a straight line inclined to the time axis.
iv) a parabola.

The position - time graph of two objects A

and B are shown below.
VELOCITY - TIME GRAPH
Displacement

B
Body at rest
A
0
60
300
Time
(a) Which body has greater velocity ?
(b) Find the ratio of velocities of A and B.

Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4

Velocity (m/s) 0 0 0 0 0

The slope of the position-time graph of

uniform motion gives
(a) acceleration
(b) velocity
(c) displacement
(d) force

Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4

Velocity (m/s) 10 10 10 10 10

We get a straight line parallel to time axis.

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 Uniform Acceleration

Write the significance of v-t graph.

Draw the velocity - time graph of an

Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4 uniformly accelerated motion.

Displacement (m) 0 5 10 15 20

We get a straight line inclined to time axis

SLOPE OF VELOCITY - TIME GRAPH

Area under velocity-time graph gives…………

The position - time graph of an object is

shown below. Draw the velocity - time graph
and find total displacement.
AREA UNDER VELOCITY - TIME GRAPH

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 Velocity-time graph of a ball thrown
A car starts accelerating from rest for some vertically upwards with an initial velocity is
time, moves with a uniform velocity for some shown in figure.
time and comes to rest with a uniform
retardation. Draw the velocity time graph +100
A
of the car.
V +50 B C
0
5 10 15 20
-50
t
-100
D
(a) What is the magnitude of initial
velocity of the ball ?
(b) Calculate the distance travelled by the
ball during 20 s, from the graph.
A body falling under the effect of gravity is
(c) Calculate the acceleration of the ball
said to be in free fall. Draw the velocity-time
from the graph.
graph for a freely falling object.

Velocity - time graph of a body is given

below. Find the displacement of the body
From the given f igures, identify the figure during the time interval 5s to 15s.
which represent uniformly
accelerated motion

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

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ACCELERATION TIME GRAPH KINEMATIC EQUATIONS FROM GRAPH
Uniform acceleration
Velocity - Time relation

AREA UNDER ACCELERATION TIME

GRAPH

Position - Time relation

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 Velocity- position relation

Derive the following equations of uniformly

accelerated motion
1
s = ut + at 2
2
v 2 = u2 + 2as

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