Biology Questions & Answers - Chapter 1: Human Health & Diseases Form 4

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Biology Questions & Answers - Chapter 1: Human Health & Diseases Form 4
Ombiology4u – Home of Biology Notes and Exams for High School Students, anytime anywhere
REPUBLIC OF SOMALILAND

Student name: _________________________ School: _____________________ Class: _________

Chapter -One Form 4

Micro-organisms and Humans

Questions and Answers with Exam Practices Form 4
Revision and Exam Prepration Book

Part One: Questions and Answers

1. Define the term health

o Health is the person’s physical, mental and social wellbeing.
o Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
2. What are the traits of good health?
 Traits of good traits are including;
a) Physical fit
b) Respects norms, values and traditions of the society (well-adjusted in
society)
c) Being optimistic
d) Undertaking mental and physical tasks without too much difficult
3. What are the traits of poor health?
 Traits of poor health are including;
a) Physically unfit
b) Being pessimistic
c) Violates norms, values and traditions of the society
d) Can not undertake mental and physical tasks necessary for daily life.
4. What are the characteristics of a healthy person?
 Characteristics of a healthy person are including;
a) Feels good physically
b) Able to carry out physical and mental tasks
c) Has positive outlook on life (being an optimistic)

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5. Define the term diseases

o Disease is a disorder or bad functioning (malfunction) of mind or body
which leads to departure of good health.
o Disease is a disorder or malfunction of the mind or body, which destroys
good health.
6. Distinguish between the following terms:
a) Intrinsic and extrinsic factors
b) Uni-factorial and multi-factorial
c) Acute and chronic diseases
d) Sign and symptoms

ANSWERS:
a) Intrinsic factors are disease causing factors which exist in the human
body. Examples, genetic disorder (such as hemophilia, color blindness)
and hormonal disturbance (such as diabetes mellitus, Dwarfism)
Extrinsic factors are disease causing factors which exist outside the
human body. Examples, disease-causing microbes (such as TB, cholera,
AIDS) and nutritional factors or unbalanced diet (such as scurvy, rickets)
b) Uni-factorial (single factorial) is a type of disease caused by single factor
(has single cause), e.g. malaria.
Multi-factorial is a type of disease caused by many factors (has many
causes), e.g. heart diseases.
c) Acute diseases are sudden onset diseases with rapid changes and last
for a short time, such as common cold.
Chronic diseases are diseases that develop gradually and continue for
months or years and last long, such as tuberculosis (TB).
d) Symptoms are indications of diseases felt only by a patient.
Signs are indications of diseases that can be detected or observed by
another person or a doctor.
7. Name the nine different categories of diseases and give one example for
each
 Categories of diseases,
a) Physical diseases, e.g. leprosy, bone fracture or broken leg.
b) Infectious diseases, e.g. cholera, tuberculosis, AIDS
c) Non-infectious diseases, e.g. sickle cell anemia, diabetes, hypertension
d) Deficiency diseases (nutritional diseases), e.g. scurvy, anemia
e) Inherited diseases (genetic diseases), e.g. hemophilia, sickle cell anemia
f) Mental diseases, e.g. dementia, Alzheimer’s, depression, Claustrophobia
g) Degenerative diseases, e.g. osteoarthritis, stroke, hearing and sight
defects (Also diseases of the heart, joints and nervous system).
h) Social diseases, e.g. unhealthy life-style, hypothermia, drug addiction,
social isolation
i) Self-inflicted diseases e.g. suicide, choice to smoke, misusing of drugs
(alcoholism), and eating high fat diet.

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8. Distinguish between congenital and acquired diseases

o Congenital diseases are diseases present at birth (diseases born with).
Congenital diseases are diseases or medical conditions that are present at
the time of birth (inborn diseases). Examples, hemophilia, down syndrome,
heart defects (congenital heart defects)
o Acquired diseases are diseases present or develop after birth.
Acquired diseases are diseases acquired during the lifetime of an individual
and also are not present from birth. Examples, AIDS, malaria and influenza
(flu)

9. Explain what is meant by the following terms

a) Endemic
b) Epidemic
c) Pandemic
d) Pathology

Answers:
a) Endemic is a disease that is always present in a population, such as
tuberculosis and malaria.
b) Epidemic is a disease that spreads rapidly to affect many people, such as
influenza (flu)
c) Pandemic is a disease that spreads over large area, such as continent or
worldwide, e.g. AIDS, Corona virus disease (COVID-19)
d) Pathology is the scientific study of diseases, structure and functions,
symptoms and effects of diseases.

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10. Give one example for each type of the below diseases
(a) Epidemic
(b) Pandemic
(c) Endemic

ANSWERS
(a) Examples of epidemic diseases are influenza (flu) and cholera
(b) Examples of pandemic diseases are AIDS and COVID-19
(c) Examples of endemic diseases are Tuberculosis (TB) and Malaria.
11. Distinguish between infectious diseases and non infectious diseases
o Infectious diseases (communicable diseases) are diseases caused by
pathogens and spread from an infected person to a healthy person.
o Non-infectious diseases (Non-communicable diseases) are diseases that
are not caused by pathogens and do not spread from one person to
another person.
12. Define the following terms
a) Physical diseases
b) Deficiency diseases
c) Inherited diseases
d) Mental diseases
e) Degenerative diseases
f) Social diseases
g) Self-inflicted diseases

ANSWERS:
a) Physical diseases are diseases that cause temporary or permanent
damage to the body or part of the body.
b) Deficiency diseases (nutritional diseases) are diseases caused by either
inadequate diet or unbalanced diet.
c) Inherited diseases (genetic diseases or genetic disorder) are diseases
caused by faulty genes (defective genes) which are passed from parents
to their children.
d) Mental diseases are diseases that affect a person’s mind.
(Mental diseases are diseases caused by brain damage or psychological
illness)
e) Degenerative diseases are diseases caused by gradual decline or loss of
function in one or several organs of the body, often associated with ageing
f) Social diseases are diseases influenced by person’s social environment
or people’s living conditions and their personal behavior.
g) Self-inflicted diseases are diseases caused by damage to a person’s
health by their own decisions and behavior.

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13. State the pathogens that cause infectious diseases (communicable

diseases)
o Pathogens (micro-organisms ) that cause infectious diseases are,
a) Bacteria
b) Viruses
c) Protozoa
d) Fungi
e) Parasites

14. Describe physical diseases

o Physical diseases are diseases that cause temporary or permanent
damage to the body of parts of the body.
15. Explain the main difference between acute and chronic diseases
o Acute diseases are sudden onset diseases with rapid changes and last
for a short time.
o Chronic diseases are diseases that develop gradually and continue for
months or years, and last long.
16. Give one example for acute diseases?
o Examples for acute diseases are common cold, influenza and cholera.
17. Give one example for chronic diseases?
o Examples for chronic diseases are tuberculosis (TB), heart diseases,
cancer, diabetes and stroke.
18. State the main ways which infectious diseases (disease causing micro-
organisms) are spread from one host to another
 The main ways of disease transmission are including;
a) Through air
b) Through water
c) Through food
d) Through physical contact
e) Through sexual contact
f) Through insect vector
g) Through animal bite
h) Through contact with contaminated soil

19. What is the other name for communicable disease?

o The other name for communicable disease is infectious diseases or
transmissible diseases.
20. Give two examples for communicable diseases
o Examples for communicable diseases are tuberculosis, AIDS, COVID-
19, gonorrhea, common cold.
21. What is the other name for non-communicable diseases?
o The other name for non-communicable diseases is non-infectious
diseases.

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22. Give two examples for non-communicable disease?

o Examples for non-communicable diseases are diabetes, cancer, heart
diseases, stroke, Alzheimer’s Diseases, asthma

23. Fill the following table with the missing terms

Categories Causes of diseases Example

Poor diet Rickets

Physical damage
Claustrophobia
Gradual loss of
function
Hypothermia
Faulty genes
Pathogens

ANSWERS:

Categories Causes of diseases Example

Deficiency diseases Poor diet Rickets

Physical diseases Damage of the body Broken leg

Mental diseases Psychological illness Claustrophobia
or brain damage
Degenerative Gradual loss of Stroke
diseases function
Social diseases Social environment Hypothermia
or behavior
Inherited diseases Faulty genes Hemophilia
Infectious diseases Pathogens Tuberculosis

24. What are the three basic shapes of bacteria?

ANSWER:
i. Bacillus (rod-shaped)
ii. Coccus (spherical-shaped)
iii. Spirillum (spiral-shaped)

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25. State at least two infectious diseases which are caused by

a) Viruses
b) Bacteria
c) Fungi
d) Protozoa

ANSWERS:
a) Common cold, measles, AIDS, influenza,
b) Cholera, tuberculosis, syphilis, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus,
gonorrhea, pneumonia, typhoid, botulism, salmonella food poisoning
c) Ringworms, athlete’s foot
d) Malaria, amoebic dysentery
26. The following table shows some types of bacterial shapes. By using these
bacterial terms, spirilla, cocci, vibrio and bacilli, complete the missing
information of the table.

ANSWER:

Description Name of bacteria Example Disease caused

Spherical shaped Cocci Mycoplasma Pneumonia

pneumonia
Rod shaped Bacilli Salmonella typhi Typhoid fever

Spiral shaped Spirilla Treponema pallidum Syphilis

Coma-shaped Vibrio Vibrio cholerae cholera

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Table : Different Pathogens and Diseases caused by them

No: Type of
Common diseases caused by them
Pathogens
1 Cholera, Diphtheria, Whooping cough, Tuberculosis (TB), ,
Bacteria Pneumonia, Typhoid, Tetanus, Botulism, Syphilis, Gonorrhea,
Salmonella food poisoning, Leprosy etc.
2 Common cold, Influenza, Measles, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B,
Viruses Chicken pox, Small pox, Mumps, AIDS, Poliomyelitis, Rabies,
Yellow fever etc.
3 Protozoa Malaria, Amoebic dysentery, Sleeping sickness etc.
4 Ringworm, Athlete's foot, Jock itch, Ringworm of the scalp,
Fungi
Candidiasis etc.

27. What are infectious and non-infectious diseases?

ANSWERS:
 Infectious diseases are diseases caused by pathogens /germs and can
be transmitted from an infected to a healthy person.
 Non-infectious diseases are diseases that are not caused by pathogen
and can’t be passed from person to person.

28. Give any three examples of infectious and non-infectious diseases.

ANSWERS
 Infectious diseases are including, tuberculosis, AIDS, cholera, etc.
 Non-infectious diseases are including, sickle cell anemia, diabetes,
heart diseases, etc.
29. State the pathogen that cause
a) Tuberculosis
b) Typhoid
c) Cholera

ANSWERS
a) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
b) Salmonella typhi
c) Vibrio cholera
30. Name three ways through which pathogens spread from an infected to a
healthy person.
ANSWER:
 Through air (airborne)
 Through food (food-borne)
 Through water (water-borne)

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31. Give four examples of human diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.

ANSWER:
 Pneumonia, tuberculosis, typhoid, tetanus, food poising, diphtheria.

32. The following table shows bacterial diseases that cause infections to
human,
Cholera, tuberculosis, syphilis, diphtheria, whooping cough

a) Name the causative bacterium (pathogen) of each bacterial diseases

b) Describe the mode or type of transmissions
c) State two symptoms of each type of bacterial diseases
d) Describe at least one control measure (or ways of prevention) of each type of
bacterial diseases

Disease Pathogen Mode of Symptoms Control

transmission measure
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Water and  Diarrhea Boiling
food borne  Dehydration drinking water
or chlorinated
Tuberculosis Mycobacterium Airborne  Dry cough Avoid close
 Chest pain contact with
 Coughing infected
blood people
 Sweating at
night
 Loss of
weight
 Mild fever
Syphilis Treponema Sexual  Rash on Avoid illegal
pallium intercourse body sex and
 Sore throat having
(STD)  Pain in examination
bones and before
joints marriage
 Hair loss
Diphtheria Corynebacterium Inhalation of  Sore throat Vaccination
diphtheriae cough  Nose and
droplets from throat get
infected blocked
person

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Whooping Bordetella Inhalation of  Mild Vaccination
cough pertussis cough sneezing
(Pertussis) droplets  Running
nose and
fever

33. The following table shows bacterial diseases that cause infections to
human,
Tetanus, gonorrhea, pneumonia

(a) Name the causative bacterium (pathogen) of each bacterial diseases

(b) Describe the mode or type of transmissions
(c) State two symptoms of each type of bacterial diseases
(d) Describe at least one control measure (or ways of prevention) of each type of
bacterial diseases

Disease Pathogen Mode of Symptoms Control

transmission measure
Tetanus Clostridium Contaminated  Muscle  Injection of
tetani soil or objects spasm and tetanus
though cut or stiffness toxoid
wounds  Difficulty in  Vaccination
breathing of children
and
swallowing
Gonorrhea Neisseria Sexual  Painful  Avoiding
gonorrhoeae intercourse urination illegal sex
(STD)  Lower  Can be
abdominal treated with
pain suitable
 Bleeding antibiotics
between
periods in
females
 Testicular
pain or
swelling in
males
Pneumonia Mycoplasma Inhalation of  Coughing Avoid close
pneumoniae infected air  Sore throat contact with
 Shortness in infected
breathing person
 Fever

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34. The following table shows bacterial diseases that cause infections to
human,
Typhoid, botulism, Salmonella food poisoning

a) Name the causative bacterium (pathogen) of each bacterial diseases

b) Describe the mode or type of transmissions
c) State two symptoms of each type of bacterial diseases
d) Describe at least one control measure (or ways of prevention) of each type of
bacterial diseases
Disease Pathogen Mode of Symptoms Control
transmission measure
Typhoid Salmonella typhi Contaminated  Headache,  Keeping
food and fever, sore good
water throat hygiene
 Diarrhea,  Avoid
loss of taking
appetite exposed
food and
drinks
 Proper
disposal of
faeces
and urine
Botulism Clostridium botulinum Food borne  Nausea  Cook food
 Vomiting thoroughly
 Muscle  Avoid
weakness expired
 Blurred and
vision damaged
canned
food.

Salmonella Salmonella bacteria Food borne  Diarrhea  Cook food

food (Salmonella and water  Vomiting thoroughly
poisoning typhimurium and borne  Abdominal  Wash
salmonella enteritidis) pain fruits and
 Nausea vegetable
s well
before
eating
 Wash your
hands
before
cooking

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35. The following table shows viral diseases that cause infections to human,
Common cold, influenza, measles

a. Name the pathogens that cause the above mentioned diseases

b. Describe the mode or type of transmissions
c. State two symptoms of each type of viral diseases
d. Describe at least one control measure (or ways of prevention) of each type of
viral diseases

Disease Pathogen Mode of Symptoms Control

transmission measure
Common cold Rhinovirus Droplet  Sore throat  Avoid close
(Cold) infection  Coughing contact
 Nasal with
congestion infected
(blocked ones
nose)  Drink
 plenty of
fluid (stay
hydrated)
Influenza Influenza virus Airborne  Fever  Avoid close
(Flu)  Fatigue contact
 Headache with
(Influenza  Muscle or infected
viruses A and body ache ones
B)  Drink
plenty of
fluids
Measles Rubeola virus Airborne  Fever  Isolation of
 Sore throat infected
(Droplet  Runny noise person
infection)  Inflammation  Vaccination
of the eyes

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36. AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is life-threatening infectious

disease that weakness and damages human immune system.

(a) Name the pathogens that cause the above mentioned diseases
(b) Describe how AIDS is transmitted
(c) State at least two symptoms of AIDS
(d) Describe at least one control measure (or prevention) of AIDS

Disease Pathogen Mode of Symptoms Control

transmission measure
AIDS HIV ( human  Sexual contact  Weight loss  Avoid
immunodeficiency with an  Fatigue illegal sex
virus) infected person  Diarrhea  Blood test
 Sharing  Night sweats before
contaminated  Fever transfusion
needles and  Swelling of  Only
syringes lymph nodes disposable
 Contaminated  Pneumonia needles
blood and
transfusion syringes
 Infected should be
mother to baby used
during child
birth
 Breast milk
 Mother to fetus
across
placenta

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37. The following table shows protozoa diseases that cause infections to
human,
Malaria, Amoebic dysentery

(a) Name the pathogens that cause the above mentioned diseases
(b) Describe the mode or type of transmissions
(c) State two symptoms of each type one
(d) Describe at least one control measure (ways of prevention) of each type one

Disease Pathogen Mode of Symptoms Control

transmission measure
Malaria Plasmodium Bites of  Anemia  Use of
mosquitoes  Headache mosquito
(Plasmodium  Muscle and net and
falciparum) joint pain mosquito
(Bite of  Headache repellents
female  Nausea  No water
Anopheles  Shivering should be
mosquitoes)  Enlarged allowed to
spleen collect in
ditches or
other open
places
 Use of
insecticides
Amoebic Entamoeba Contaminated  Diarrhea  To boil or
dysentery histolytica water and  Vomiting chlorinate
food  Dehydration the water
 Faeces with  Proper
(Water and blood sanitation
food borne)  Wash fruits
and
vegetables
well before
eating

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Part Two: Exam Practices

Multiple Choice Questions: Circle the Correct Answer

1. The term ‘health’ is defined in many ways. The most accurate definition of the health
would be,
A. Health is the state of body and mind in a balanced condition
B. Health is the reflection of a smiling face
C. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
D. Health is the symbol of economic prosperity
2. When can we say that we are not healthy?
A. When we are able to cope well with the social pressure
B. When we have a positive outlook towards life
C. When we feel good physically
D. When we constantly suffer from headaches due to a stressful life
3. ______________________ is a disorder or bad functioning (malfunction) of mind or
body which leads to departure of good health
A. Disease
B. Physical disease
C. Health
D. Infectious disease
4. Which one of the following diseases is a communicable?
A. Rickets
B. Cholera
C. Diabetes
D. Scurvy
5. Congenital diseases are
A. Diseases present after birth
B. Diseases that spread from one individual to another
C. Diseases that occur during life time
D. Disease present at birth
6. Disease of the heart, joints and nervous system are called
A. Communicable diseases
B. Degenerative diseases
C. Deficiency diseases
D. Mental diseases

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7. The site of action of chicken pox disease is

A. Nervous system C. Skin
B. Reproductive organs D. Intestines
8. The site of action of whooping cough disease is
A. Nervous system C. Intestines
B. Reproductive organs D. Upper respiratory system
9. Diseases are broadly grouped into infectious and non-infectious diseases. In the list
given below, identify the infectious diseases
i. Cholera
ii. Sickle cell anemia
iii. Tuberculosis
iv. Cancer
A. i and ii
B. i and iii
C. ii and iv
D. iv and iii
10. Tuberculosis is an example of
A. Social diseases
B. Infectious diseases
C. Inherited diseases
D. Physical diseases
11. Hemophilia disease can be transferred through _________
A. Vector C. Heredity
B. Pollutant D. Vehicle
12. A sexually transmitted bacterial disease is
A. AIDS C. Syphilis
B. Hepatitis D. Cholera
13. A bacterial disease is
A. Polio C. Tuberculosis
B. Influenza D. Malaria
14. Which of the following is not a congenital disease?
A. Sickle cell anemia C. Syphilis
B. Albinism D. Hemophilia
15. Which one of the following is a degenerative disease?
A. Kwashiorkor C. Stroke
B. Scurvy D. Hemophilia
16. A disease in human being caused by virus is ___________________
A. Cholera C. Influenza
B. Whooping cough D. Amoebic dysentery
17. Scurvy disease is caused by the deficiency of vitamin
A. Vitamin A C. Vitamin K
B. Vitamin D D. Vitamin C

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18. _________________ diseases are also called inborn disease

A. Infected C. Acquired
B. Contagious D. Congenital

19. Which of the following is an extrinsic disease factor that can cause a disease?
A. Genetic abnormalities
B. Hormonal disturbance
C. Nutritional factor
D. Gene defect
20. Which of the following is an intrinsic disease factor that can cause a disease?
A. Drug addiction
B. Insufficient sleep
C. Nutritional factor
D. Genetic abnormalities
21. Which one of the following is a water borne disease?
A. Tuberculosis D. Cholera
B. Malaria
C. AIDS
22. Which of the following is not dimension of health?
A. Physical C. Social
B. Nutritional D. Mental

23. A droplet infection is

A. Tetanus C. Cholera
B. Syphilis D. Common cold
24. Which diseases can be transmitted from infected to uninfected people?
A. Lung cancer and tuberculosis
B. Whooping cough and sickle cell anemia
C. Sickle cell anemia and cholera
D. Cholera and tuberculosis
25. Which measure would help control the spread of TB?
A. Provision of clean water
B. Sewage treatment
C. Use of insecticides
D. Spitting in public places must be banned
26. Which of the following is a communicable disease?
A. Diabetes C. Kwashiorkor
B. Hypertension D. Tuberculosis
27. Non-infectious diseases are best defined as
A. Disease caused by malnutrition
B. All diseases of old age
C. All diseases that can be transmitted from mother to child
D. ll diseases that are not caused by a pathogen
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28. Athlete’s foot is also called

A. Tinea pedis C. Tinea corporis
B. Tinea cruris D. Tinea
29. Infections of the skin including athlete’s foot, jock itch and ringworm are counted as
A. Fungal diseases C. Bacterial diseases
B. Viral diseases D. Protozoan diseases
30. Below are symptoms of a certain diseases
 Mild fever show by raise in  Sweating at night
temperature  Loss of weight
 Coughing
A. TB C. Typhoid
B. Malaria D. Cholera
31. The following precautions need not be taken before blood is transfused from donor to a
recipient
A. Test for diseases e.g. AIDS
B. Know the donor by name
C. Know the blood group
D. Sterilize the equipment used
32. HIV/AIDS can NOT be transmitted
A. Through a blood transfusion using contaminated blood
B. From an infected mother to baby during child birth
C. Through sexual intercourse with an infected partner
D. Sharing plates with an infected person
33. All of the following diseases are caused by bacteria, except
A. AIDS C. Syphilis
B. Tuberculosis (TB) D. Gonorrhea
34. Which one of the following shapes belonged by bacteria called salmonella typhi?
A. Spirilli
B. Rod shaped
C. Spherical
D. Flattened shaped
35. Which of the following diseases is transmitted by an insect vector?
A. HIV/AIDS C. Syphilis
B. TB D. Malaria

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