UNIT-I: Introduction to Machine Learning, Supervised Learning, and Advanced Python
1. Define Machine Learning and explain its importance. 2. Why is Machine Learning needed in modern technology? 3. List and explain the types of Machine Learning problems. 4. Describe some applications of Machine Learning. 5. Differentiate between Regression and Classification in Machine Learning. 6. What is a Binary Classifier? Provide an example. 7. Explain Multiclass and Multilabel Classification with suitable examples. 8. Define Confusion Matrix. Explain with an example. 9. What is Accuracy? How is it calculated? 10. Define Precision and Recall. How are they related? 11. What is an ROC Curve? Draw and explain it. 12. Compare Precision, Recall, and Accuracy in classification problems. 13. How does NumPy assist in Machine Learning? Provide an example. 14. Explain the role of Pandas in data handling for Machine Learning. 15. What is Scikit-learn? Discuss its importance. 16. Derive the equation for Linear Regression with one variable. 17. How is Linear Regression with multiple variables different from single-variable regression? Discuss its real-world applications. 18. What is Logistic Regression? Explain with a use case. 19. Compare Linear Regression and Logistic Regression.
UNIT-II: Supervised Learning Algorithms
1. Explain Decision Trees in detail with an example. 2. What is the importance of Tree Pruning? 3. What is Rule-based Classification? Provide an example. 4. Differentiate between Naïve Bayes and Bayesian Networks. 5. What are Support Vector Machines (SVM)? Discuss their importance in classification. 6. Explain the concept of the 'k-Nearest Neighbors' algorithm with an example. 7. What is Ensemble Learning? What are its advantages? 8. Explain the Random Forest Algorithm in detail. 9. Differentiate between Bagging and Boosting. 10. How does Ensemble Learning improve prediction accuracy? 11. Compare Decision Trees, Random Forest, and SVM. 12. Discuss real-world applications of k-NN, Naïve Bayes, and SVM.
UNIT-III: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
1. What is an Artificial Neural Network? Draw and explain its basic structure. 2. Explain the working of HebbNet with an example. 3. Differentiate between Perceptron, Adaline, and Multilayer Neural Networks. 4. What are Activation Functions? List their types and significance. 5. Define Loss Function and Hyperparameters in Neural Networks. 6. Describe Gradient Descent. Why is it important in training Neural Networks? 7. What is Backpropagation? Explain its working with an example. 8. How does Regularization help in avoiding overfitting? 9. Explain L1 and L2 Regularization techniques. 10. List some applications of Neural Networks in modern-day technology.
UNIT-IV: Unsupervised Learning Algorithms
1. Define Unsupervised Learning and list its types. 2. Differentiate between Supervised and Unsupervised Learning. 3. What is Clustering? Explain K-means Clustering in detail. 4. Compare K-means Clustering and Hierarchical Clustering. 5. What are Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps? 6. Describe the implementation steps for K-means Clustering. 7. Define Feature Selection. Why is it important? 8. What is Dimensionality Reduction? Explain its significance in Machine Learning. 9. Describe Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with steps. 10. Compare PCA and t-SNE for Dimensionality Reduction. 11. What are the advantages and limitations of K-means Clustering? 12. Discuss the applications of Clustering techniques in real-world scenarios. 13. Explain how unsupervised learning can be applied to anomaly detection and image segmentation.