KENSRI SCHOOL & COLLEGE

1
 PROJECT REPORT ON
COMPREHENSIVE- BMD MOTO LTD.
SPECIFIC- BAJAJ AUTO LTD.

DONE BY,
Bishan Chinnappa, XII

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF,

Shruthi R.

Accountancy(055)
___________________________________________________________________
In partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the award of the class of
CBSE FOR AISSCE 2024-25

KENSRI SCHOOL &

COLLEGE

2
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that BISHAN CHINNAPPA, Reg No: a

student of class XII Commerce of KENSRI School & College, has successfully
completed the Investigatory Project entitled:

“Bajaj Auto Limited”

He has submitted the above mentioned project under the guidance of MRS.
SHRUTHI R. during the year 2024-25 in the partial fulfilment of the
Informatics Practices Practical Examination conducted under AISSCE (All
India Senior School Certificate Examination) by CBSE.

Date:

Signature of Signature of Signature of

Principal Subject Teacher External Examiner

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled “Bajaj Auto Limited”, submitted
to KENSRI School and College, Bengaluru, for the subject of

3
 ACCOUNTANCY, under the guidance of MRS. SHRUTHI R, PGT, is a
record of original work done by me.

I further declare that this project record or any part of this has not been
submitted elsewhere for any other class.

Sign:
Student Name: Bishan Chinnappa
Registration Number:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I praise and adore GOD almighty with gratitude, from
the depth of my heart who has been as unfailing source of strength, comfort and
4
 inspiration in the completion of this project work also who was the input of this
project.

I wish to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to Mrs.Jayanthi V,

Principal, KENSRI School and College, Bengaluru, who has provided me
with adequate facilities for the successful outcome of this project work.

I wish to express my deep & profound sense of gratitude to our Computer

Teacher Mrs. Shruthi R, PGT for his expert & valuable guidance, support,
comments and suggestions towards producing a successful project.

I would also like to acknowledge our friends for their valuable suggestions
and helping us in hand will error handling and performance of the program.

Introduction
PYTHON
 Introduction:
o Python was created by Guido Van Rossum.
o The language was released in February I991.

5
 o Python got its name from a BBC comedy series from seventies- “Monty Python’s Flying
Circus”
o Python can be used to follow both Procedural approach and Object Oriented approach of
programming.
o It is free to use.
o Python is based on or influenced with two programming languages:
 ABC language [replacement of BASIC]
 Modula-3

 Features of Python:
o Easy to use Object oriented language
o Expressive language
o Interpreted Language
o Its completeness
o Cross-platform Language
o Fee and Open source

 Shortcomings of Python
o Lesser libraries – as compared to other programming languages like C++,java,. Net
o Slow language – as it is interpreted languages, it executes the program slowly.
o Iak on Type-binding – It not pin point on use of a single variable for different data type

 Variety of Usage / Applications

o Python is being used in many diverse fields/applications, some of which are:
 Scripting
 Ib Applications
 Game Development
 System Administrations
 Rapid Prototyping
 GUI Programs
 Database Applications.

 Python (a Computer Language) Limitations

o Not the fastest language
o Lesser libraries than c, java, perl.
o Not strong on type-binding
o Not easily convertible.

 Working in Python
o Before I start working on Python I need to install Python in our computer. There are multiple
distributions available today:
 A Installation available from www.python.org is called Python installation and comes
with python interpreter, Python IDLE(Python GUI) and Pip(package installer)

6
  ANACONDA Python distribution is one such highly recommended distribution that
comes with preloaded many packages and libraries(NumPy, SciPy, Panda etc)
 Other Popular IDEs like Sypder, PytCharm, etc. Spyder IDE is available as a part of
ANACONDA.

 Working modes in Python:

o After Python installation I can start working with python.
o In Python I can work in 2 ways:
 Interactive Mode (Immediate Mode)
 Script Mode.
o Both have their own style of working.
o Interactive mode works like a Command Interpreter as Shell Prompt works in DOS Prompt or
Linux..
o ( >>>) I can execute any instruction of Python with this.
o I can run a complete program by writing in Script mode.

Python Pandas
 Introduction:
o Pandas is an open-source Python library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures
and data analysis tools for the Python programming language. Python with Pandas is used in a
wide range of fields including academic and commercial domains including finance,
economics, Statistics, analytics, etc
o The name Pandas is derived from the word Panel Data. The main author of Pandas is Is
McKinney.
o It is a most famous Python package for data science, which offers poIrful and flexible data
structures that make data analysis and manipulation easy. Pandas makes data importing and data
analyzing much easier. Pandas builds on packages like NumPy and matplotlib to give us a single
& convenient place for data analysis and visualization work.
o Prior to Pandas, Python was majorly used for data munging and preparation. It had very little
contribution towards data analysis. Pandas solved this problem. Using Pandas, I can accomplish
five typical steps in the processing and analysis of data, regardless of the origin of data — load,
prepare, manipulate, model, and analyze.
o *Data munging is a set of concepts and a methodology for taking data from unusable and
erroneous forms to the new levels of structure and quality required by modern analytics processes
and consumers.

 Key Features of Pandas

o Fast and efficient DataFrame object with default and customized indexing.
o Tools for loading data into in-memory data objects from different file formats.
o Data alignment and integrated handling of missing data.
o Reshaping and pivoting of data sets.
o Label-based slicing, indexing and creation of subset from large data sets.
o Columns from a data structure can be deleted or inserted.
o Group by data for aggregation and transformations.
o High performance merging and joining of data.

7
 o Time Series functionality.

 Why Pandas :
o Read and write data in all data type formats ( integer , float , string etc ).
o Calculation done in both - across rows , down columns.
o Can easily select subsets of data from bulky data sets and even combine multiple datasets
together.
o Functionality to find missing data.
o Possible to apply operations on independent groups within the data.
o Supports reshaping of data into different forms.
o Supports advanced time series functionality (predicts future values based on previously
observed values).
o Supports visualization by integrating matplotlib library.

 Advantages of Pandas:
o Easily handles missing data.
o It uses Series for one-dimensional data structure and DataFrame for multi-dimensional data
structure.
o It provides an efficient way to slice the data.
o It provides a flexible way to merge, concatenate or reshape the data.

 Environment Setup
o Standard Python distribution doesn't come bundled with Pandas module. A lightIight alternative
is to install Pandas using popular Python package installer, pip in the command prompt.

o What is PIP?
 PIP - Performance Improvement Plan.
 pip is the standard package manager for Python.
 It allows you to install and manage additional packages that are not part of the Python
standard library.
 A package contains all the files you need for a module/package.
 Modules are Python code libraries you can include in your project.

o Installation of PIP
 Before Installation of PIP I need to set Python Path.
 Procedure for Setting the PATH
 Select Path before installation (as shown below)..

8
  Copy the Python Script PATH
 Then Go to My Computer/PC
 Click on Properties
 Click on Environment Variables
 In User variables for User
 Click on PATH then Edit…
 Paste the Python PATH in Variable value
 Then Click on OK.

o Installation of PANDAS
 I can install “pandas” by using following methods:
 At command prompt (Administrator login)
 Type “pip install pandas” and
 press enter (internet connection in required)
Or
 Open https://pypi.org/project/pandas/ / and download connector as per OS version and
Python version.

o PIP Updating
 I can update PIP by using following methods:
 At command prompt (Administrator login)
 Type “python –m pip install -–U pip” OR “python –m pip install –-upgrade pip” and
press enter (internet connection in required)
 This connector will work only for MySQL or later

o Download a Packages
 Open the command line interface and tell PIP to download the package you want.
 To download a package named "camelcase": “ pip install camelcase ”
 To download a package named "matplotlib": “ python -m pip install -U matplotlib ”
o To know List of Packages installed
 Use the list command to list all the packages installed on your system
 Open the command line interface and tell PIP to download the package you want.
9
  Type “pip list” and press enter.

o To Remove a Package
 Use the uninstall command to remove a package.
 Open the command line interface and tell PIP to download the package you want.
 Type “pip uninstall camelcase” and press enter.

 DATA STRUCTURE IN PANDAS

o A data structure is a way to arrange the data in such a way that so it can be accessed quickly and I
can perform various operations on this data like- retrieval, deletion, modification etc.
o “A data structure is a particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be
accessed and worked with in appropriate ways.

o Example:
 If you want to store similar type of data items together and process them in identical way ,
array is the solution.
 If you want to store data in such a way so that you get access of the very last data item you
inserted, stack is the solution.
 If you want to store data in such a way so that data item inserted first get accessed first,
Queue is the solution.

 PANDAS DEALS WITH 3 DATA STRUCTURE-

 SERIES
o Series is a one-dimensional array like structure with homogeneous data, which can be used to
handle and manipulate data. What makes it special is its index attribute, which has incredible
functionality and is heavily mutable.
o Series is a one-dimensional labeled array like object capable of holding data of any
type (integer, string, float, python objects, etc.). The axis labels are collectively called
index.

o It has two parts:

 Data part (An array of actual data)
 Associated index with data (associated array of indexes or data labels)
 I can say that Series is a labeled one-dimensional array which can hold any type of data.
 Data of Series is always mutable, means it can be changed.
 But the size of Data of Series is always immutable, means it cannot be changed.
 Series may be considered as a Data Structure with two arrays out which one array works
as Index (Labels) and the second array works as original Data.
 Row Labels in Series are called Index

 DATAFRAME
o It is a two-dimensional object that is useful in representing data in the form of rows and columns.
It is similar to a spreadsheet or an SQL table. This is the most commonly used pandas object.
Once I store the data into the Dataframe, I can perform various operations that are useful in
analyzing and understanding the data.
o It has two parts:

10
  A Dataframe has axes (indices)-
Row index (axis=0)
Column index (axes=1)
 It is similar to a spreadsheet , whose row index is called index and column index is called
column name.
 A Dataframe contains Heterogeneous data.
 A Dataframe Size is Mutable.
 A Dataframe Data is Mutable.

 PANEL
o Panel is a three-dimensional data structure with heterogeneous data. It is hard to represent
the panel in graphical representation. But a panel can be illustrated as a container of DataFrame.
o Key Points
 Heterogeneous data
 Size Mutable
 Data Mutable.

SQL
 Introduction:
o Structured Query Language and it helps to make practice on SQL commands which provides
immediate results.
o SQL is Structured Query Language, which is a computer language for storing, manipulating
and retrieving data stored in relational database.
o SQL is the standard language for Relation Database System.
o All relational database management systems like MySQL, MS Access, and Oracle, Sybase,
Informix, and SQL Server use SQL as standard database language.
o SQL is the set of commands that is recognized by all RDBMS.
o The Structured Query Language (SQL) is a language that enables you to create and operate
on relational database, which are sets of related information stored in tables.
o The SQL (Structured Query Language) has proved to be a standard language as it allows
users to learn one set of command and use it to create, retrieve, alter, and transfer information
regardless of whether they are working on a PC, a workstation, a mini, or a mainframe.
o MySQL Database System is a combination of a MySQL server instance and a MySQL
database.
o MySQL database system operates using client/server architecture, in which the server runs on
the machine containing the databases and clients connect to the server over a network.

 Why SQL?
o Allows users to create and drop databases and tables.
o Allows users to describe the data.

11
 o Allows users to define the data in database and manipulate that data.
o Allows users to access data in relational database management systems.

o Allows embedding within other languages using SQL modules, libraries & pre-compilers.
o Allows users to set permissions on tables, procedures, and views.

 Features of MySQL:
o Speed: If the server hardware is optimal, MySQL runs very fast.
o Ease to use: MySQL is a high-performance, relatively simple database system.
o Cost: Available free of cost.
o Query Language Support: Understands standard based SQL.
o Portability: Provides portability as it has been tested with a broad range of different compiler
and can work on many different platforms.
o Data Types: Provide many data types to support different types of data.
o Security: Offers a privilege and password system that is very flexible and secure.
o Localization: The server can provide error messages to clients in many languages.
o Connectivity: Clients can connect to MySQL Server using several protocols.
o Client and Tools: Provides command-line programs such as mysqldump and mysqladmin,
and graphical programs such as MySQL Administrator and MySQL Query Browser.

 Advantages of MySQL:
o Reliability and performance
o Availability of source
o Cross-Platform support.
o PoIrful uncomplicated software
o Integrity
o Authorization

12
 SYNOPSIS
Title of the Project: Passing Rate Analysis of Classes 10 & 12

Problem Definition:
Board exams are standardized tests conducted at the end of grades 10 and 12 to evaluate students’
knowledge and skills. They are important because they set academic performance benchmarks, help
students prepare for higher education, and develop essential skills like time management and
discipline. Good performance in these exams opens doors to college admissions, scholarships, and
career opportunities. Additionally, preparing for board exams builds resilience and helps students
discover their strengths and interests, shaping their future goals.

Contribution / Team members:

Bishan Chinnappa & Pruthvi Menon

Team Detail:
The Project "Passing Rate Analysis of Classes 10 & 12" was developed by Bishan and Pruthvi. It
took approximately one month to complete. All modules used in this project are used only
according to our knowledge.

Reason for choosing the Topic:

The reason for choosing this topic is to showcase the passing and failing rates in CBSE using
Python tools for analyzing the educational structure. This analysis aims to help identify areas for
improvement and contribute to increasing literacy success through data-driven insights.

Objective:
The objective of pass rate analysis for Classes 10 and 12 is to evaluate student performance trends,
identify factors influencing results, guide policy-making, highlight disparities, and improve the
quality of education.

Hardware Requirements:
4GB RAM

Software Requirements:
Windows 10

Limitations:
Data in the code has to be updated manually.

References / Bibliography:
Sumita Arora IP textbook, indiatoday.in, cbse.gov.in

13
 Code
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#cover page
print('___________________________________________________________________________
______________')
print(' |')
print(' PASSING AND FAILING RATE OF 10TH AND 12TH FOR THE PAST DECADE
|')
print('___________________________________________________________________________
______________|')
print(' | Name: Bishan & Pruthvi |')
print(' | Topic: Passing and Failing Rate Analysis |')
print(' | Subject: Informatics Practices |')
print('______________________________________________|
__________________________________________|')
#content
ch='y'
while ch=='y' or ch=='Y':
print("1.Introduction Class 10 and 12")
print("2.Tabular Data Class 10 and 12")
print("3.Graphical representation of the data Class 10th in a Bar graph")
print("4.Graphical representation of the data Class 10th in a Line graph")
print("5.Graphical representation of the data Class 12th in a Bar graph")
print("6.Graphical representation of the data Class 12th in a Line graph")
print("7.Improvements that could be implemented for class 10th")
print("8.Improvements that could be implemented for class 12th")
print("9.Conclusion")
a=int(input("enter the serial number of the concerned title to access the intended title's
information:"))

print('___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________')

14
 #functioning part of the program

if a==1:
print('''
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______
|
|
| INTRODUCTION TO CLASS 10 AND 12
|
|
|
|The passing and failing rates in CBSE Class 10 and 12 exams reveal valuable insights into
student performance and the impact of assessment policies. |
|Generally, Class 10 sees higher pass rates, often exceeding 85%, reflecting policies like the
continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE) system, which eases |
|academic pressure. Class 12, hoIver, traditionally shows slightly loIr pass rates, usually betIen
80-90%, as exams play a critical role in college admissions. |
|The pandemic years (2020 and 2021) saw unprecedentedly high pass rates due to alternative
assessment methods when traditional exams Ire canceled. For instance, |
|Class 10 and 12 pass rates neared 100% in 2021, highlighting the effects of internal
assessments on overall success. Following the return to standard exam formats |
|in 2022, pass rates have returned to more typical levels, offering a clearer view of student
performance trends under normal conditions. |
|
|
|
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______|''')

elif a==2:
df=pd.read_csv(r"DATA.csv")
print(" TABULAR DATA ")
print(' ')
print(df)

print('___________________________________________________________________________

15
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________')

elif a==3:
b=input("press enter to see data and graph")
data = {
"Year": [2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014],
"10th Pass": [93.12, 94.4, 99.04, 91.46, 91.1, 86.7, 90.95, 96.21, 97.32, 98.87],
"10th Fail %": [6.88, 5.6, 0.96, 8.54, 8.9, 13.3, 9.05, 3.79, 2.68, 1.13]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
# Set figure size
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
# Set bar width and positions
bar_width = 0.3
years = np.arange(len(df['Year']))
# Plot Pass Rate
plt.bar(years - bar_width/2, df['10th Pass'], color='green', width=bar_width, label='Pass Rate
(%)')
# Plot Fail Rate
plt.bar(years + bar_width/2, df['10th Fail %'], color='red', width=bar_width, label='Fail Rate (%)')
# Add labels and title
plt.xlabel("Year")
plt.ylabel("Percentage")
plt.title("10th Grade Pass and Fail Rates by Year")
plt.xticks(years, df['Year'], rotation=45)
plt.legend()
# Display the plot
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
print('''
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________
|bar chart shows the pass and fail rates for 10th-grade students over several years from
2014 to 2023. |
| The pass rate, represented by green bars, remains consistently high, close to or at
100% each year. |

16
 | In contrast, the fail rate, shown in red, is consistently low across all years, with only
minor variations. |
| This trend indicates a strong and stable performance in passing rates over the years.
|
|
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________|''')
elif a==4:
input("Press enter to see data and line chart")
data = {
"Year": [2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014],
"10th Pass": [93.12, 94.4, 99.04, 91.46, 91.1, 86.7, 90.95, 96.21, 97.32, 98.87],
"10th Fail %": [6.88, 5.6, 0.96, 8.54, 8.9, 13.3, 9.05, 3.79, 2.68, 1.13]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
# Set figure size
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
# Set bar width and positions
linewidth = 0.3
years = np.arange(len(df['Year']))
# Plot Pass Rate
plt.plot(df['10th Pass'], color='green', label='Pass Rate (%)')
# Plot Fail Rate
plt.plot(df['10th Fail %'], color='red', label='Fail Rate (%)')
# Add labels and title
plt.xlabel("Year")
plt.ylabel("Percentage")
plt.title("10th Grade Pass and Fail Rates by Year")
plt.xticks(years, df['Year'], rotation=45)
plt.legend()
# Display the plot
plt.tight_layout()
plt.grid()
plt.show()
print('''
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________

17
 | This line chart shows the pass and fail rates for 10th-grade students over several years
from 2014 to 2023. |
| The pass rate, represented by green bars, remains consistently high, close to or at
100% each year. |
| In contrast, the fail rate, shown in red, is consistently low across all years, with only
minor variations. |
| This trend indicates a strong and stable performance in passing rates over the years.
|
|
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________|''')

elif a==5:
data = {
"Year": [2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014],
"12th Pass": [87.33,92.71,99.37,88.78,83.40,83.01,82.02,83.05,82.00,82.70],
"12th Fail %": [12.67,7.29,0.63,11.22,16.60,16.99,17.98,16.95,18.00,17.30]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
# Set figure size
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
# Set bar width and positions
bar_width = 0.3
years = np.arange(len(df['Year']))
# Plot Pass Rate
plt.bar(years - bar_width/2, df['12th Pass'], color='green', width=bar_width, label='Pass Rate
(%)')
# Plot Fail Rate
plt.bar(years + bar_width/2, df['12th Fail %'], color='red', width=bar_width, label='Fail Rate (%)')
# Add labels and title
plt.xlabel("Year")
plt.ylabel("Percentage")
plt.title("12th Grade Pass and Fail Rates by Year")
plt.xticks(years, df['Year'], rotation=45)
plt.legend()
# Display the plot
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
18
 elif a==6:
data = {
"Year": [2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014],
"12th Pass": [87.33,92.71,99.37,88.78,83.40,83.01,82.02,83.05,82.00,82.70],
"12th Fail %": [12.67,7.29,0.63,11.22,16.60,16.99,17.98,16.95,18.00,17.30]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
# Set figure size
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
# Set bar width and positions
linewidth = 0.3
years = np.arange(len(df['Year']))
# Plot Pass Rate
plt.plot(df['12th Pass'], color='green', label='Pass Rate (%)')
# Plot Fail Rate
plt.plot(df['12th Fail %'], color='red', label='Fail Rate (%)')
# Add labels and title
plt.xlabel("Year")
plt.ylabel("Percentage")
plt.title("12th Grade Pass and Fail Rates by Year")
plt.xticks(years, df['Year'], rotation=45)
plt.legend()
# Display the plot
plt.tight_layout()
plt.grid()
plt.show()

elif a==7:
print('''

_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
| Improvements that could be implemented for class 10th |
| |

19
 |To improve CBSE Class 10 results, a multifaceted approach could be taken. Strengthening
|
|support for core subjects like math and science through targeted remedial programs can address
common |
|areas of struggle. Moving towards skill-based assessments, focusing on critical thinking over
memorization, |
|would align with the NEP 2020 and better prepare students. Implementing regular formative
assessments would |
|offer continuous feedback, reducing pressure from final exams alone. Additionally, expanding
mental health |
|support and stress management resources can help students handle exam anxiety effectively.
Finally, ongoing |
|teacher training in modern teaching methods can enhance student engagement and
comprehension. |
|
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________|''')

elif a==8:
print('''

_______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
| Improvements that could be implemented for class 12th
|
| |
|To enhance Class 12 CBSE performance, several strategies could be employed. Strengthening
foundational |
|support in challenging subjects like math and science, with focused tutoring, would address core
academic |
|difficulties. Introducing a balanced mix of theoretical and skill-based assessments, in line with the
NEP 2020, can |
|help students apply knowledge more effectively. Expanding continuous assessments throughout
the year would reduce |
|reliance on final exams, loIring stress levels. Providing access to mental health support for exam-
related stress |
|is also crucial. Lastly, regular teacher training in contemporary methods would ensure effective,
engaging instruction |
|that meets students' diverse learning needs. |

20
 |
_______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________|''')

elif a==9:
print('''

_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
| |
| CONCLUSION(DATA PART)
|
| |
|In conclusion, our analysis of CBSE Class 10 and 12 pass and fail rates over the past decade
highlights the need |
|for targeted support in core subjects, skill-based assessments, and mental health resources to
improve student outcomes. |
|While Class 10 students benefit from high pass rates, addressing foundational Iaknesses can
further reduce failure rates. |
|For Class 12, balancing theoretical and practical assessments, alongside better support
systems, would help students manage |
|the pressures of final exams more effectively.
|
| |
| |
| CONCLUSION(PROGRAM PART)
|
| |
|Python played a key role in analyzing and presenting this data. Using libraries like Pandas for
managing data, NumPy for |
|calculations, and Matplotlib for visualizations, I efficiently processed large datasets and created
graphs. Looping |
|statements helped automate data processing across years, enabling us to track trends and make
data-driven recommendations |
|easily. |
|
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________|''')
ch=input("Do you wish to continue(y/n): ")

21
CSV File

22
Output

23
24
25
 Bibliography
 indiatoday.in
 cbse.gov.in
 Sumita Arora Textbook

26