INDIAN SCHOOL BOUSHER

CBSE Affiliation Number: 6630203 & School Code 90252

ACADEMIC YEAR 2024 - 2025

LESSON:
PART B : Unit 4: MAINTAIN HEALTHY, SAFE AND SECURE WORKING ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 13: Health, Safety and Security at Workplace
Chapter 14: Workplace Quality Measures
Chapter 15: Prevent Accidents and Emergencies

SUBJECT: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT-402) RESOURCE PERSONS: MS. AUREA FERNANDES

GRADE: X NOTES

1 | Page
2 | Page
Potential Sources of Hazards in an Organization:

Bright light sources behind the display screen can create contrast problems, making it difficult to clearly see
your work. Apply the following possible solutions to avoid this.

• Use blinds or drapes on windows to eliminate bright light. Blinds and furniture placement should be adjusted
to allow light into the room, but not directly into your field of view.

• Use indirect or shielded lighting where possible and avoid intense or uneven lighting in your field of vision.
Ensure that lamps have glare shields or shades to direct light away from your line of sight.

• Reorient the workstation so bright lights from open windows are at right angles with the computer screen.

• High contrast between light and dark areas of the computer screen, horizontal work surface, and
surrounding areas can cause eye fatigue and headaches. So, use well-distributed diffuse light.

Safety Guidelines Checklist

1. Store all cleaning chemicals in tightly closed containers in separate cupboards.
2. Throw garbage daily.
3. Make sure all areas have proper lighting.
4. Do not wear loose clothing or jewellery when working with machines.

3 | Page
5. Never distract the attention of people who are working near a fire or with some machinery, tools or
equipment.
6. Where required, wear protective items, such as goggles, safety glasses, masks, gloves, and hair nets.
7. Shut down all machines before leaving for the workplace.
8. Do not play with electrical controls or switches.
9. Do not operate machines or equipment until you have been properly trained and allowed to do so by
your supervisor.
10. Repair torn wires or broken plugs before using any electrical equipment.
11. Do not use equipment if it smokes, sparks or looks unsafe.
12. Cover all food with a lid, plastic wrap or aluminium foil.
13. Do not smoke in ‘No Smoking’ areas.
14. Report any unsafe condition or acts to your supervisor.

Office Ergonomics:
Ergonomics is the science concerned with designing and arranging things so that people can use them easily
and safely. Applying ergonomics can reduce the potential for accidents, injury to improve performance and
productivity. In an office setting, the repetition of a seemingly innocuous task over a period of time can cause
an injury. The resulting injuries can be physically painful and rehabilitation can be difficult and time
consuming. The following office ergonomics emphasize the identification of early warning signs.

4 | Page
Musculoskeletal Problems:

This problem include different areas of your body, such as neck, back, chests, arms shoulders and feet. It
occurs because of your wrong posture, uncomfortable chair for sitting that is not ergonomically correct while
working on the computer.

Occupational Overuse Syndrome:

Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury (RSI), is a collective term for a range
of conditions, characterised by discomfort or persistent pain in muscles, tendons and other soft tissues, with
or without physical manifestations. It is usually caused or aggravated by work, and is associated with
repetitive movement, sustained or constrained postures and/or forceful movements. Psycho-social factors,
including stress in the working environment, may be important in the development of occupational overuse
syndrome.

Strain in Legs and Feet:

Sitting to work for long time may cause strain in legs. Position your desk chair to sit comfortably with your
feet flat on the floor and your lower legs vertical. Use a footrest for more support. Make sure that there’s
enough space to change position and stretch your legs out every now and then, too.

Eye Strain:

Computer’s bright light, glare and flickering images can cause eye strain and visual fatigue. When you
constantly focus on screen, you forget about blinking your eyes that can cause of drying eyes. Computer
Vision Syndrome is caused by poor lighting and glare on the computer screen.

To reduce the risks of visual problems:

• Adjust the brightness of computer screen to save your eyes from strain.
• Reposition the screen to avoid glare from lights or windows.
• Keep a proper vision distance from computer screen and blink your eyes in an interval.
• Wear anti-glare glasses while working in computer.
• Keep the screen clean and use a desk lamp to make it easier to see.
• Ensure the screen colours are easy to look at, and that the characters are sharp and legible.
• Give your eyes periodic breaks from the screen and perform frequent blinking. Look away from the screen
into the distance for a few moments to relax your eyes; focus on something 30 metres away for 30 seconds
every 30 minutes.
• Keep your monitor between 18 to 24 inches away from your face. Lastly, position monitors to avoid glare
from sunlight and keep them clean.

Health and Safety Requirements for Computer Workplace:

• Display Screen (Monitor) : Use the modern LED monitors of legible size and with adequate spacing
between the characters and lines. The image on the screen should be stable, with no flickering or
other forms of instability.
• Keyboard: The keyboard should tilt and separate from the screen to find a comfortable working
position and avoid fatigue in the arms or hands. The space in front of the keyboard must be
sufficient to provide support for the hands and arms of the user.
• Work Surface: The work desk should be sufficiently large, low reflectance surface and allow a
flexible arrangement of the screen, keyboard, documents and related equipment.

5 | Page
 • Work Chair: The work chair must be stable and allow the user to move easily and find a comfortable
position. It should be adjustable in height. The user’s feet must be placed flat on the floor or a
footrest should be used.
• Space Requirements: The workstation should be designed to provide sufficient space for the user to
change position and vary movements. The user should have enough desk space for the equipment
they use.
• Lighting: There must be satisfactory lighting conditions with appropriate contrast between the
screen and background environment. Possible disturbing glare and reflections on the screen or other
equipment should be prevented.
• Reflections and Glare: Workstations should be designed so that sources of light, such as windows
and other openings, transparent or translucid walls, and brightly coloured fixtures or walls cause no
direct glare and no distracting reflections on the screen.
• Noise and Heat: Noise emitted by equipment should not distract the attention. Noise cancelling
earphones may provide a solution if some noise is unavoidable. The equipment may not produce
excess heat which could cause discomfort to users.

Fire Hazards in the Workplace:

The first step to fire safety is assessing the existence of fire hazards in workplace. In most facilities, there are
three main types of hazards to evaluate – electrical hazards, combustible materials, and flammable materials.
Electrical issues, such as damaged extension cords, blocked electrical panels and heaters, and overloaded
circuits often lead to fires. Fires are also commonly caused by electrical events such as arc flash. Maintenance
of power cords and other electrical equipment should be conducted on a regular basis.

Fire Extinguisher :A fire extinguisher is a protection device used to extinguish fires. It is a cylindrical
pressure vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish a fire.

First Aid for Electrical Emergencies: Electrical accidents cause countless injuries. Injury could be
minimised and many lives can be saved if proper rescue techniques and treatment are used. Electrical
accidents may occur at any time or place. Timely response and treatment of victims is a major concern. When
an electrical accident occurs, due to the effect of muscle cramping, a victim is often incapable of moving or

6 | Page
releasing the electrical conductor. There should always be an emergency response plan for scheduled
electrical maintenance or work.

Electrical Rescue Techniques:

Approach the accident venue

✓ Never rush into an accident situation.

✓ Call 108 as soon as possible.
✓ Approach the accident place cautiously

Examine the scene

✓ Visually examine victims to determine if they are in contact with energised conductors.
✓ Metal surfaces, objects near the victim itself may be energised.
✓ Do not touch the victim or conductive surfaces while they are energised.
✓ Switch off the electrical circuits if possible.

Hazard and solution

✓ Be alert for hazards, such as heated surfaces and fire.

✓ In case you cannot switch off the power source, take extreme care.
✓ Ensure that your hands and feet are dry.
✓ Wear protective equipment, such as gloves and shoes.
✓ Stand on a clean dry surface.
✓ Use non-conductive material to remove a victim from the conductor.

High voltage rescue

✓ Special training is required for rescues if high voltage is present.

✓ Protective equipment, such as gloves and shoes must be worn.

First Aid

✓ A victim may require Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

✓ If the victim is breathing and has a heartbeat, give first aid for injuries and treat for shock.
✓ Ensure the victim gets medical care as soon as possible.
✓ Physician attending the victim must have detailed information to properly diagnose and care for the
victim.

***********************

7 | Page