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PROPOSED MEDIUM SECURITY PRISON FOR LAFIAGI, KWARA

STATE

TABLE CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Declaration iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Table of content vi

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Definition 5
1.2 Historical background in Nigeria 6
1.3 Geographical location of Lafiagi town 11
1.4 Motivation 12
1.5 Justification 12
1.6 Aims and objectives of study 13
1.7 Scope of the project 13
1.8 Research methodology 15
1.9 Conclusion 15

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Review of literature 17
2.1 Case studies 21
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Brief history of Lafiagi town 26
3.1 Physical features in Lafiagi 28
3.2 Site selection 29
3.3 Site location and description 30
3.4 Site analysis/inventory 31
3.5 Geographical location 32
3.6 Climatic condition 33

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Design criteria 39
4.1 Brief analysis 39
4.2 Space allocation 44
4.3 Functional relationship 45
4.4 Conceptual development 46
4.5 The site 46

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Aesthetic appraisal of the design 48
5.1 Construction 49
5.2 Site clearance 49
5.3 Materials 50
5.4 Services 56
5.5 General maintenance 61
5.6 Summary and conclusion 62
References

CHAPTER ONE
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Prison is a place used for confinement of convicted criminals. Aside from
the death penalty a sentence to prison is the harvest punishment imposed on
criminals.
Prisons are designed to house people who have broken the law and to move
them from free society. In mates are locked away for a set period of time and
have very limited freedom during their incarceration.
Confinement in prison, also known as a correctional facility, is the
punishment that courts most commonly impose for serious crimes, such as
felonies for lesser crimes, courts usually Impose short-term incarceration in a
jail, detention center, or similar facility.
Confining criminals for long period of time as the primary form of
punishment is a relatively new concept. Throughout history, various countries
have imprisoned criminal offenders, but imprisonment was usually reserved for
pre detention or punishment of petty criminals with a short term of confinement.
Using long-term imprisonment as the primary punishment for convicted
criminals began in the United States. In the late eighteenth century, the
nonviolent quarters in Pennsylvania proposed long term confinement as an
alternative to capital punishment. The Quakers stressed solitude, silence,
rehabilitation, hard work, and religious faith. was originally intended not only as
a punishment but an opportunity for renewal through religion.
Modern prisons often hold hundreds or thousands of inmates, and must
have facilities onsite to meet most of their needs, including dietary.
TYPES OF PRISONS
1. Juvenile prison
2. Minimum, medium and high security prison
3. psychiatric prison
4. military prison
THE CASE TYPES AND OFFENCES IN RESPECT TO PRISON TYPES.
1. JUVENILE PRISON: an individual under the age of 18 is considered a
juvenile. Any one who is not of a legal age is never locked up in a general
prison with adults. They are instead placed in a facility that is designed
exclusively for juveniles.
2. MINIMUM SECURITY PRISON: minimum security prisons are
usually reserved for white collar criminals who have committed acts such as
embezzlement or fraud. Although these are serious crimes, they are non-violent
in nature and therefore the perpetrators are not considered to be a risk for
violence. These perpetrators are sent to facilitate that offer a dormitory type
living environment, fewer guards and personal freedom.
3. MEDIUM SECURITY PRISON: medium security prisons are the
standard facilities used to house most criminals guards and a much more
regimented daily routine than minimum security.
4. HIGH SECURITY PRISON: high security prisons are reserved for the
most violent and dangerous offenders. These prisons include far more guards
both minimum and medium securities have very little freedom. Each person
confined to such a prison is considered to be a high-risk individual.
5. PSYCHIATRIC PRISON: law-breakers who are deemed to be mentally
unfit are sent to psychiatric prisons that are designed with resemblances to
hospitals. Once there, the inmates, or patients receive psychiatric help for their
mental disorders. As with any prison that pursues methods of rehabilitation,
psychiatric prisons are intended to try and help people as opposed to just
confining them as a means of punishment.
6. MILITARY PRISON: every branch of military has their own prison
facilities that are used specifically for military personnel who have broken laws
that affect national security, or to house prisoners of war. The treatment of
these prisoners has been a subject of much debate in recent times, and the
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definition of torture for enemy combatants has becomes a controversial and

often discussed topic.
CAPACITY OF SOME NIGERIAN PRISONS
1. Maiduguri 1600
2. Yola 500
3. Gombe 379
4. kaduna convict prison 889
5. Kano central prison 690
6. Katsina central prison 237
7. Benin 240
8. Sokoto central prison 576
9. Zamfara medium security 406
10. Makurdi 1149
11. Keffi 160
12. Ilorin 121
13. Kuje 560
14. Minna 149
15. Okene 160
16. Borstal prison Kaduna 208
17. Jalingo 250
1.1 PROJECT DEFINITION
 A prison is a facility in which inmates are forcibly confined and denied a
variety of freedoms as a form of punishment.
 Medium security prison: is refers to that class of inmates who are eligible
for placement at a work camp with a secure perimeter but who are not eligible
for placement in an outside work assignment without armed supervision.
Medium security prisons are for offenders with lower security concerns.
These institutions limit inmate activities but also encourage inmates to
participate in various programs to address their needs. Significant controls over
inmate activities and privileges are in place. The most common use of prisons is
as part of a criminal justice system, in which individuals officially charged with
or convicted of crimes are confined to a jail or prison until they either brought
to trial to determine their guilt or complete the period of incarceration they trial,
outside of their use for punishing civil crimes, authoritarian regimes also
frequently use prisons and jails as tools of political repression to punish political
crimes, often without trial or other legal due process; this use is illegal under
most forms of international law governing fair administration of justice. In
times of war or conflict, prisoners of war may also be detained in military
prisons or prisoner of war camps, and large groups of civilians might be
imprisoned in internment camps.
The medium security prisons are the standard facilities used to house
most criminals. They feature cage-style housing, armed guards, and a much
more regimented daily routine than minimum security.
1. 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NIGERIA PRISON
The origin of modern prisons service in Nigeria is 1861. That was the
year when conceptually, western- type prison was established in Nigeria. The
declaration of Lagos as a colony in 1861 marked the beginning of the institution
of formal machinery of governance. At this stage the preoccupation of the
colonial government was to preoccupation of the colonial government was to
protect legitimate trade, guarantee the profit of British merchants as well as
guarantee the activities of the missionaries. To this end by 1861 the acting
governor of the Lagos colony and who was then a prominent British merchant
in Lagos, formed a police force of about 25 constables. This was followed in
1863 by the establishment in Lagos of four courts, a police court to resolve
petty disputes, a criminal court to try the more serious cases, a slave court to try
cases arising from the efforts to abolish the trade in slaves and a commercial
court to resolve disputes among merchants and traders. The functioning of these
courts and the police in that colonial setting necessarily means that prisons was
needed to complete the system. And it was not long in coming for in 1872. The
Broad street prison was established with an initial inmate capacity of 300. In the
Niger Delta the relationship between the local people and the British merchants
had before than bee moderated by special courts of merchants backed by the
British Navy especially with the appointment of John Beecroft as a consul in
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1849. The need for a merchant court was underscored by the fact that most
conflicts between the merchants and the local people were in the main
commercial. Although there was evidence of prison in Bonny at this time, not
much is known about its size and content. But these who were later to oppose
British rule were usually reported as happened in the case of Jaja of Opobo and
King Dappa of Bonny.
However, the progressive incursion of the British into the hinterland and
the establishment of British protectorate towards the end of the 19 th century
necessitated the establishment of prison as the last link in the criminal justice
system. Thus by 1910, there already were prisons in Degema, Calabar, Onisha,
Benin, Ibadan, sapele, Jebba and Lokoja. The declaration of protectorates over
the East, west and North by 1906 effectively brought the entire Nigeria area
under British rule. However, that did not mark the beginning of a unified
Nigeria. Prisons. Had that been so, it would have negated official colonial
policy for that would have required funds which the colonial power was not
prepared to expand.
Even so, the colonial prison at this stage was not designed to reform anyone.
There was no systematic penal policy from which direction could be sought for
penal administration. Instead prisoners were in the main used for public works
and other jobs for the colonial administration. For that reason there was no need
for recruitment of trained officers of the prisons. Hence, colonial prisons had no
trained and developed staff of their own and instead the police also performed
prisons duties. As time went on ex-servicemen were recruited to do the job.
They were also very poorly run and the local prison conditions varied
from one place to another in their disorganization, callousness and exploitation.
But so long as they served the colonial interest of ensuring law and order
collecting taxes, and providing labour for public works, they were generally left
alone. The result was that the prisons served the purpose of punishing those who
had the guts to oppose colonial administration in one form or the other while at
the same time cowing those who might want to stir up trouble for the colonial
set up.
The person regulation was published in 1917 to prescribe admission,
custody, treatment and classification procedures as well as staffing, dieting and
clothing regimes for the prisons. These processes were limited in one very
sense. They were not geared towards any particular type of treatment of
inmates. Instead they represent just policies of containment of those who were
already in prison. Besides, they were limited in application to those who were
convicted or remanded in custody by criminal courts of the British-inspired
supreme or provincial types. Those remanded or convicted by the native courts
were sent to Native authority prisons. The prison regulation also distinguished
between Awaiting Trail and Convicted Inmates application of this general rule
to the national prison while the native authority prison went their own way
effectively stultified the appearance of a national prison goal- orientation in
terms of inmate treatment.
It was not until 1934 that any meaningful attempt was made to introduce
relative modernization into the prison service. It was at this time that Colonel
V.L. Mabb was appointed Director of prisons by the then Governor Sir Donald
Cameron. Although a military officers, Mabb had an understanding of what
prisons should be. And he went on to do his best. What he seemed to have
focused his attention on was the formation of a unified prison structure for the
whole country but he failed. Yet he succeeded in extending the substantive
Director of prisons Supervisory and inspectoral power over the Native
Authority Prisons by this time dominant in the North. It was also during his
tenure that the prisons warders’ welfare Board was formed.
His efforts were to be continued by his successor R.H. Dolan (1946-
1955). Mr. Dolan was a trained prisons officer and when he assumes duties in
Nigeria he already had a wealth of experience ion prison administration in both
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Britain and the colonies. Although a scheme for the introduction of vocational
training in the National prisons had been introduced in 1917 and it failed except
in Kaduna and Lokoja prisons where it was functioning in 1926, Mr. Dolan
reintroduced it in 1949 as a cardinal part of a penal treatment in Nigeria. He also
made classification of prisoners mandatory in all prisons and went on to
introduce visits by relations to inmates. He also introduced progressive earning
schemes for long term first offenders. He also transferred the prisons Head
quarters formerly in Enugu to Lagos to facilitate close cooperation with other
department of state. He also introduced moral and adult education classes to be
handled by competent ministers and teachers for both Christian and Islamic
education programmes for recreation and relaxation of prisons were introduces
during his tenure as well as the formation of an association for the care and
rehabilitation of discharged prisoners. But above all. He initiated a programme
for the construction and expansion of even bigger convict prisons to enhance the
proper classification and accommodation of prisoners.
On manpower developments he was instrumental to the prison training
school, Enugu in 1947. He also saw to the appointment of educated wardresses
to take charge of the female wings of the service conditions of the prison staff.
In addition, he took classification a step further when in 1948 he opened four
reformatories in Lagos and converted part of the Port-Harcourt prisons for the
housing and treatment of juveniles, five years later he was to build an open
prison in Kakuri-Kaduna to take care of first offenders who had committed such
crimes as murder and manslaughters, and who are serving term of 15years or
more. The idea was to train them with minimum supervision in agriculture so
that on discharge they could employ themselves gainfully. In fact, Dolan’s
tenure represented a very high point in the evolution of Nigeria prisons service.
1.3 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF LAFIAGI TOWN
 Lafiagi town is bi=bounded in the north by Niger state in the south, is
bounded by Shonga and Gbugbu while Patagi Local government on the east –
side of the town.
The Lafiagi town covers a land mass of about 1849 sq kilometers, the
largest populace of this town concentrated on agriculture as a result of abundant
fertile farm land. The town has some satellites town like Isaragi, Shonga,
Patigi and a number of villages surrounding it, also historical lafiagi main
market is at the center of the town, lafiagi is now the headquarters of the Edu
local government council most of the traditional emirates inhabitants are
Muslim Nupe people.
A market centre for rice, yams, sorghum, millet, corn (maize), sugarcane,
kolanuts, peanuts (groundnuts), palm produce, fish, cattle, and cotton, the town
is also a collecting point for the rice grown on the fasamas (flood plains0 of the
Niger and for dried fish. Cotton weaving is traditionally important. Lafiagi has a
government maternity clinic dispensing general hospital. Population (2008)
30,976.
MOTIVATION/JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT TOPIC
1.4 MOTIVATION
Today Nigeria is facing the problem of insecurity and also the problem of
unemployment in the country which increases the rate of crimes committed in
this country such as rapping, robbery, and smoking e.t.c
So it is my desire to embark on this project and design a well functional
medium security prison at Lafiagi.

1.5 JUSTIFICATION
Nowadays, due to unemployment in the country, there are many criminal
activities such as robbery, raping, smoking, murder e.t.c. the alarming rate of
these crimes requires the provision of medium security prisons at strategic areas
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across the country. The capacity of Lafiagi is 34 and presently occupied over
100 prisoners.
For the above stated reasons, it is my desire to design a well functional
and modern prison to house convict, C.C, ATM, ATF criminals.

1.6 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

AIM
To design a well functional and aesthetically balance building that will
suit the taste of time and easy to maintain.
OBJECTIVES
1) To promote enough security.
2) To create prison vocational centre, where prisoners will be reformed and
rehabilitated
3) To design a functioning and aesthetically balanced building.
4) To design more cells for the comfort of the prisoners.
5) To design modern medium security prison.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

1) Male and female cell
2) Security room
3) Armed forces post
4) Kitchen
5) Canteen
6) Holding cell (temporary cell)
7) Storage
8) Exhibition space.
9) Library
10) Shower
11) Infirmary
12) Morgue
13) Yard
14) Execution room
15) Visitation room
16) Prisoner’s reception
17) Administrative block
18) Laundry
19) Chaplain/mosque
20) Vocational center
21) Conveniences
22) Garage.

1.8 RESEARCH MTHODOLOGY

This project is undertaken by way of careful selection of some methods.
The methods involved are:
1) Cases studies
2) Oral interview
3) Literature review
4) Photograph
 CASE STUDIES: it’s a review of some existing formal prisons, which
reveals notable merits and demerits.
 ORAL INTERVIEW: was carried out with the officers to enhance the
technical details and utility.
 LITERATURE REVIEW: references were made to some Architecture
books in the library and on-line research.
 PHOTOGRAPH: some photos were taking during the case studies.
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1.9 CONCLUSSION

This assessment does appear to have implications both for prison

authorities and prison inmates as well for the Nigeria prison Authorities, the
international standards states that each prisoner must have enough space,
although definitions of adequacy vary from country to country and depend
among other factors on how much time prisoner spend in their cells. It is one
thing to sleep in a confided space and another to spend 23 hours a day. The
prison standard minimum rules do say that all cells and perimeter walls and
dormitories must have adequate heating, lighting and ventilation and that every
detained or inmate should have his/her own bed or mattress with clean bedding
to enhance the psychological well being of the inmates fall short of these basic
needs.
Moreover, the prisons studied for this research work will hold more
prisoners than the official capacity. By implication, the minimum required
standard in respect of dimensions e.g. minimum space per prisoner should not
less than 3.4 sq