This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24

lectures some of the details explained in

class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

4.3 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS & ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Cambridge IGCSE Physics 0625 syllabus for 2023, 2024 and 2025. Subject content
Cambridge IGCSE Physics 0625 syllabus for 2023, 2024 and 2025. Subject content
Cambridge IGCSE Physics 0625 syllabus for 2023, 2024 and 2025. Subject content

4.3 Electric circuits

4.3 Electric circuits Cambridge IGCSE Physics 0625 syllabus for 2023, 2024 and 2025. Subject content
Cambridge IGCSE 4.3 Electric
Physics circuits
0625 syllabus for 2023, 2024 and 2025. Subject content
1 IGCSE
Cambridge
4.3.1 Circuit diagrams and circuit components
4.3.1 Circuit
Physics
4.3.1 diagrams
0625 and2023,
syllabus for
Circuit diagrams circuit
and 2024components
and 2025. Subject content
circuit components
Core Supplement Cambridge IGCSE Physics 0625 syllabus for 2023, 2024 and 2025. Subject content
1CoreDraw
Core and interpret circuit diagrams containing 2Supplement
Supplement
Draw and interpret circuit diagrams containing
1 cells,
1Draw andand
Draw interpret
batteries, power
interpretcircuit diagrams
supplies,
circuit containing
generators,
diagrams containing 2 diodes
2Draw and
Draw interpret
andand circuit
light-emitting
interpret diagrams
diodes
circuit containing
(LEDs),
diagrams and
containing
cells,
potentialbatteries,
cells, dividers,
batteries,power supplies,
switches,
power generators,
resistors
supplies, (fixed
generators, diodes
know andthese
how
diodes light-emitting
and components diodes
light-emitting (LEDs),
behave
diodes and4.3
in the
(LEDs), and Electric circuits continued
4.3 Electric circuits
potential
and potentialdividers,
variable), heaters,switches,
dividers, resistors
thermistors
switches, (NTC (fixed
resistors only),
(fixed know
circuit howhow
know these components
these components behave in the
behave in the
4.3 light-dependent
Electric circuits
4.3.1 and variable),
Circuit
and diagrams heaters,
variable), resistors thermistors
and circuit
heaters, (LDRs), (NTC
lamps,
components
thermistors only),
motors,
(NTC only), circuit
circuit 4.3.3 Action and use of circuit components
4.3 Electric circuits continued
light-dependent
ammeters, resistors
voltmeters, (LDRs),
magnetising lamps,
coils, motors,
4.3.1 Circuit diagrams and circuit components motors,
light-dependent
Coretransformers,
resistors (LDRs), lamps,
Supplement Core Supplement
ammeters,
ammeters, voltmeters,
fuses and magnetising
voltmeters, relays, and know
magnetising coils, how
coils, 4.3.3 Action and use of circuit components
1 Draw
Core transformers,
these and fuses
interpret
components
transformers, andand
circuit
behave
fuses relays, theand
diagrams
inrelays, know
containing
circuit
and howhow
know 2 Draw and interpret circuit diagrams containing
Supplement 1 Know that the p.d. across an electrical conductor 2 Describe the action of a variable potential divider
these
cells, components
batteries,
these power
components behave
supplies,
behave in the circuit
generators,
in the circuit diodes and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and increases as its resistance increases for a constant
Core Supplement
1 Draw and interpret circuit diagrams containing 2 Draw and interpret circuit diagrams containing
potential
cells, dividers,
batteries, powerswitches,
supplies, resistors (fixed
generators, know how
diodes and these components
light-emitting diodes behave
(LEDs), in the
and 1current
Know that the p.d. across an electrical conductor 2 Describe the action of a variable potential divider
and variable),
potential heaters, thermistors (NTC only), circuit increases as its resistance increases for a constant 3 Recall and use the equation for two resistors used
4.3.2 Series dividers,
and parallel switches,
circuits resistors (fixed know how these components behave in the
light-dependent
4.3.2
and Series and
variable), resistors
parallel
heaters, (LDRs), lamps,
circuits
thermistors (NTC motors,
only), circuit current as a potential divider
4.3.2 Series and parallel circuits
Coreammeters, voltmeters,
light-dependent resistorsmagnetising
(LDRs), lamps, coils,motors, Supplement 3R1 Recall
V and use the equation for two resistors used
transformers, = 1
1Core
ammeters,
Know thefuses
Core that voltmeters, andmagnetising
current relays,
at everyand know
point in ahow
coils, series Supplement
Supplement
8 Recall and use in calculations, the fact that: R2 as aV2potential divider
these
circuit components
1 transformers,
Know that
is the the
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fuses behave
current
and at in the
every
relays, andcircuit
point
know in ahow
series 8 8Recall andand use in calculations, the thefactfact
that:that: R1 V1
1 Know that the current at every point in a series Recall
(a) the sum of use the in calculations,
currents entering a junction
circuit
these is the
components same behave in the circuit =
circuit is the same (a) inthe sumsum
a the
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4.4 Electrical safety
in ain
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a parallel leave is equal
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4.3.2 Series and parallel circuits currents thatthat leave the junction
(b) the currents
total p.d. across leave thethe junction in Core
components Supplement
4.3.2 4.4 Electrical safety
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Supplement the total
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the p.d.p.d.
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sum of the in 1 in State the hazards of:
a series circuit is equal to the sumsum of the
1 Know that the current at every point in a series
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circuitthat
is thethe same (c) theindividual
individual
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across anacross eacheach
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component
of parallel 1(b) State the hazards of:
1 Know current at every point in a series 8 Recall
(a) and use inthecalculations, the facta that: overheating cables
(c) the
thesum
(c) p.d.of
resistances
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currents
isacross
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entering
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as the p.d.
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parallel
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a sum
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(a) thebranch ofthe
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resistancesthe currents
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the same
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entering
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of
thep.d.
as the
the asum of the
junction
across
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p.d. one
across
(c) damp conditions
one
currents that leave (b) overheating cables
in a parallel
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resistances
branch in circuit
the
in the isthe
arrangement junction
equal
arrangement toofthe ofsum
the of
parallel
the the (d) excess current from overloading of plugs,
parallel
2 Know how to construct and use series and (b) currents
the total
resistances p.d. leave
that
resistances acrossthe thejunction
components in (c) damp conditions
extension leads, single and multiple sockets
2 parallel a series circuit is equal to the sum of the (d)using
excess current from overloading of plugs,
2Know how
Know to construct
circuits
how to construct andand
use useseries andand
series (b) the total p.d. across the components in when a mains supply
individual p.d.s across each component
parallel
3 Calculate circuits
parallel thecircuits
combined e.m.f. of several sources a series circuit is equal to the sum of the 2 Know that a mainsleads, extension circuitsingle and of
consists multiple sockets
a live wire
3 in Calculate
series the combined e.m.f. of several sources (c) individual
the p.d. across p.d.s an arrangement
across each of parallel (linewhen
component wire),using
a a mains
neutral wiresupply
and an earth wire and
3 Calculate the combined e.m.f. of several sources
in series resistances is the same as the p.d. across one
in series
4 Calculate the combined resistance of two or (c) the p.d. across an arrangement of parallel 2explain Know whythata switch
a mainsmust be consists
circuit connected of atolive
thewire
branch in the arrangement of the parallel
4 more
4Calculate the the
resistors
Calculate combined
in series
combined resistance
resistanceof two or or
of two resistances is the same as the p.d. across one live (line wire wire),
for thea circuit
neutraltowire
be switched off safely
and an earth wire and
resistances
more
25 Know
State resistors
more
that,
how
resistorsainparallel
forconstruct
to
series
in series
circuit,
and the current
use series and from 9 Explain that the sum of the currents into a 3 Explain the use and operation of trip switchesto the
branch in the arrangement of the parallel explain why a switch must be connected
5 parallel
5State
the that,
source
State isfor
that,
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9Explain
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that samesumsum
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the of theinto
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fuses andforchoose
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appropriate off safely
fuse ratings
2 Knowthe the
branch how
source toisconstruct
source larger than
is larger and
theuse
than series
current
the inand
current each
in each junction
out of theisjunction
junction the same
is the sameas the sumsum
as the of the currents
of the 3andExplain
currents trip switch settings
the use and operation of trip switches
3 parallel
Calculate the combined e.m.f. of several sources
circuits and why
fusestheandouter
choose appropriate fuse ratings
branch
6 inState branch
that the combined resistance of two out out
of the
10 Calculate ofthejunction
the junction resistance of two 4 Explain
combined casing of an electrical
series and trip switch settings
36 Calculate
6State
resistorsthat
State the
in the combined
combined
parallel
that the e.m.f.
is less
combined ofthat
several
resistance
thanresistance sources
ofeither
of two
of two 10 resistors
Calculate
10 inthe
Calculate combined
parallel
the combined resistance
resistance of twoof two appliance must be either non-conducting
4 inCalculate
series the combined resistance of two or 4(double-insulated)
Explain why theor earthed
outer casing of an electrical
resistors
resistor by in parallel
itself is less than that
resistors in parallel is less than that of eitherof either resistors in parallel
resistors in parallel
more resistors in series appliance must be either non-conducting
47 Calculate
resistor
State thebythe
resistor combined
itself
by
advantagesitself ofresistance
connecting oflamps
two orin 5 State that a fuse without an earth wire protects
5 more
State resistors
that, for ainparallel
series circuit, the current from 9 Explain that the sum of the currents into a (double-insulated) or earthed
the circuit and the cabling for a double-insulated
7 parallel
7StateStatein the
the a lighting
advantages
advantages circuit
of connecting
of connecting lamps lampsin in
the source is larger than the current in each junction is the same as the sum of the currents 5appliance State that a fuse without an earth wire protects
5 State that,
parallel in for
parallel ain aaparallel
lighting circuit,
circuit the current from
circuit
lighting 9 Explain that the sum of the currents into a
branch out of the junction the circuit and the cabling for a double-insulated
the source is larger than the current in each junction is the same as the sum of the currents
6 branch
State that the combined resistance of two 10 out
Calculate the
of the junction combined resistance of two appliance
resistors in parallel is less than that of either resistors in parallel
6 State that the combined resistance of two 10 Calculate the combined resistance of two
resistor by itself
resistors in parallel is less than that of either resistors in parallel
7 resistor
State thebyadvantages
itself of connecting lamps in
parallel in a lighting circuit
2 7 State the advantages of connecting lamps in
parallel in a lighting circuit

28 www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse Back to contents page

28 28 www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse
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to contents pagepage

Robila Imran 1
28 www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse Back toBack to contents
contents page page www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse 29
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This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may
Cambridge not0625
IGCSE Physics besyllabus
present in2021.
for 2020 and these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding
5 Appendix Cambridge IGCSE Physics 062

Electrical
Electrical symbols Symbols
cell switch potential divider oscilloscope
Cambridge IGCSE Physics 0625 syllabus for 2020 and 2021.

battery of cells
relay coil AND gate

5 Appendix
or earth or ground transformer OR gate

diode NAND gate

Electrical symbols

power supply electric bell light-emitting

cell switch NOR gate
diode

a.c. power supply battery of cells buzzer

fuse NOT gate

junction of
microphone
conductors
or earth or ground

lamp loudspeaker
3

fixed resistor motor M

power supply electric bell

variable resistor generator G

a.c. power supply buzzer

junction of
thermistor ammeter
microphone
A
conductors

light dependent lamp loudspeaker

voltmeter V
resistor

fixed resistor motor M

heater galvanometer

variable resistor generator G

32 www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse Back to contents page

thermistor ammeter A
Back to contents page www.camb

light dependent
voltmeter V
resistor

heater galvanometer

4
32 www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse Back to contents page

Robila Imran 2
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in 12
class may not be 26present in these
The diagram slides
shows a circuit used to control the potential difference (p.d.) across a lamp.
please refer to classThe
notes for full
variable resistor is adjusted until the p.d. across the lamp is 6.0 V.
understanding
The current in the lamp is 0.5 A.

Current-potential Difference Relationships

Resistor

What is the resistance of the lamp?

A 0.083 Ω B 3.0 Ω C 6.5 Ω D 12.0 Ω

27 A charge Q flows for time t through a resistor of resistance R.

Which equation gives the current I in the resistor?

A I = Qt B I = Rt C I=Q D I= R
t t

•The current through a filament lamp is not directly proportional to the

28 A plastic rod is rubbed with a dry woollen cloth. The rod becomes positively charged.
potential difference. As the current increases, the temperature of the
Which statement is correct? filament in the lamp increases. Since the filament is a metal, the higher
temperature causes an increase in resistance.
A Electrons move from the cloth to the rod.

5 B Electrons move from the rod to the cloth.

C Protons move from the cloth to the rod.
D Protons move from the rod to the cloth.

10
29 Which diagram shows a graph of current against voltage for a filament lamp?
26 Which unit is used to measure electromotive force (e.m.f.)?
A B C D
Q29/W22/P22 A ampere
current current current current
B joule
D
C volt

0D watt 0 0 0
0 voltage 0 voltage 0 voltage 0 voltage

27 The graph shows the current–voltage characteristic for a filament lamp.

Q27/W23/P22
© UCLES 2022 0625/22/O/N/22
current

0
0 voltage

Which statement describes how the resistance of the lamp changes as the voltage increases?

A The resistance decreases to zero. C

B The resistance decreases, but not to zero.
C The resistance increases.
D The resistance remains constant.

6
28 In the diagram, rod R is suspended from an insulating thread.

insulating
thread

Robila Imran Q
3
R
+ moves away
+
+
+ from rod Q
+
 A The resistance of the wire is directly proportional to its cross-sectional area and inversely
proportional to its diameter.
B The resistance of the wire is directly proportional to its cross-sectional area and inversely
proportional to its length.
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
C The resistance of the wire is directly proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its
lectures some of the details explained in
cross-sectional area.
class may not be present in these slides
D for
please refer to class notes Thefull
resistance of the wire is directly proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its
diameter.
understanding
Q26/S23/P21
26 The diagram shows the current–voltage graph for a metal wire.

current

0
0 voltage

What can be deduced from the graph?

A As voltage increases, the temperature of the wire increases. D

B As voltage increases, the temperature of the wire decreases.

C As voltage increases, the resistance of the wire increases.
D As voltage increases, the resistance of the wire remains constant.

27 A battery is connected to a circuit. It is switched on for 1.0 minute. During that time, there is a
7 current of 0.40 A in the circuit and the battery supplies a total of 48 J of energy.

Which row gives the charge that passes and the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery?

charge that passes e.m.f. of the

in 1.0 minute / C battery / V

A 0.40
Thermistor
2.0
B 0.40 120
C 24 2.0
D 24 120

© UCLES 2023 0625/21/M/J/23

•A thermistor is a temperature-dependent resistor

•As the temperature increases the resistance of a thermistor decreases and vice versa

Robila Imran 4
 power supply junction of conductors

d.c. power supply + – lamp

This is a teaching resource used to deliver a.c. power supply motor

10/23/24
M

lectures some of the details explained in fixed resistor generator G

class mayswitch
not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full variable resistor ammeter A

understanding
thermistor voltmeter V

Light Dependent Resistor(LDR)

earth or ground
light-dependent
resistor
diode

heater light-emitting diode

potential divider fuse

transformer relay coil

junction of conductors
magnetising coil

lamp
Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse

motor M

•The resistance of an LDR changes depending on the light intensity on it

•As the light intensity increases
generator G the resistance of an LDR decreases and vice versa

ammeter A

voltmeter V

diode Diode
A diode is a component that only allows a current in one direction

light-emitting diode

fuse

relay coil

10
www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse 47

Robila Imran 5
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

•Rectification is the process in which alternating current (AC) is forced to only

flow in one direction direct current (DC).
•If a diode is connected to an AC power supply, it will only allow a current to flow
in one direction (DC). (Diode is a rectifier)

11

Light Emitting Diode(LED)

LED is a types of diodes that emits light.

12

Robila Imran 6
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

Q32/M19/P32 12

32 In which circuit does the lamp light?

A B C D

13

31 The circuit shown is used to change the voltage Vout as the temperature of device X changes.

+6.0 V

device
X with a power supply.
Vout C
33 Each potential divider is placed in a circuit

0 Vacross component Y increase when the

Which potential divider makes the potential difference
light intensity increases?
Which row is correct?
A B C D
name of this name of
type of circuit device X

A potential divider fuse

13 B X
potential divider X
thermistor X X
C variable resistor fuse
D variable resistor thermistor

Y Y Y Y
32 The circuit diagram shows a d.c. power supply connected to two resistors R1 and R2 and four
Q32/W18/P22 diodes.

R1 R2

+ – 11

29 Which
A water heaterisiscorrect?
statement connected to a 230 V supply and there is a current of 26 A in the heater. It takes
20 minutes to heat the water to the required temperature.
A There is a current in R1 and a current in R2. A
How much energy is supplied by the heater?
B There is a current in R1 but no current in R2.
3 4
6.0 ×is10
CA There no J
current B but ×a 10
in R11.0 J in RC
current 2. 1.2 × 105 J D 7.2 × 106 J
D There is no current in R1 and no current in R2.
Q30/S18/P21 30 Which electrical symbol represents a diode?

A B C D

B
© UCLES 2018 0625/22/O/N/18 [Turn over
31 A student sets up this circuit.
14
© UCLES 2019 0625/22/F/M/19

Robila Imran 7

What is the purpose of the circuit?

A to allow a lamp to be made dimmer or brighter as required

This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding 15

30 The diagram shows a circuit symbol for a component that can be used as an input transducer.

Q30/W17/P13

Which graph shows how the resistance of the component varies with its intended input variable?

A B

resistance resistance

0 Cambridge IGCSE Physics 0625 syllabus for 2023, 2024 and02025. Details of the assessment
0 temperature 0 temperature

C D
Electrical symbols
resistance resistance
cell switch

battery of cells

C
or 0 earth or ground 0
0 light intensity 0 light intensity

31 Which statement is not correct for two identical lamps connected in parallel?
power supply junction of conductors
15 A The potential difference across each lamp is half the supply voltage.
d.c. power supply + – lamp
B The remaining lamp still operates when one lamp is removed.
C supply
a.c. power They can be switched on and off separately.
motor M

D They remain bright if another lamp is connected in parallel. G

fixed resistor generator

Variable Resistor variable resistor ammeter A

An electronic component that is used to vary the amount of current that flows
thermistor voltmeter V
through a circuit.
https://learning.cambridgeinternational.org/classroom/course/view.php?id=2987
light-dependent
resistor
diode

heater light-emitting diode

potential divider fuse

© UCLES 2017 0625/13/O/N/17 [Turn over

transformer relay coil

magnetising coil

Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse 47

Rheostat (Laboratory version of variable resistor) Potentiometer/variable resistor

16

Robila Imran 8
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

Resistors in series
• In series combination of resistors there is only one path for the flow of
electric current.
• Electric current passing through each resistor is same.
• Pd across each resistor is different and it depends upon the value of resistor.
(total p.d. across the components in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual p.d.s across each
V=V1+V2+V3 component )
• Total resistance of circuit in series is always greater than individual resistance
R=R1+R2+R3
• If one lamp fuse all lamps will go off.

17

Resistors in parallel
• In parallel combination of resistors there is more than one path for the flow
of electric current
• Current passing through each resistor is different and it depends upon the
(sum of the currents entering a junction in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of the
value of resistor. I=I1+I2+I3currents that leave the junction)
• The p.d. across an arrangement of parallel resistances is the same as the p.d.
across one branch in the arrangement of the parallel resistances.
• Total resistance of circuit in parallel is always smaller than individual
resistance.
• If one lamp fuse other lamps will keep working.
• For two resistors in parallel

18

Robila Imran 9
 30 A resistor transfers 240 J of energy when a charge of 60 C flows through it in 15 s.

What is the potential difference (p.d.) across the resistor and what is the current in the resistor?

p.d. / V current / A
This is a teaching resource
A used0.25
to deliver 0.25 10/23/24
lectures some of the details
B explained
0.25 in 4.0
class may not be presentCin these4.0 slides 0.25
please refer to class notes
D
for full
4.0 4.0
14
understanding
3130Three
A resistor transfers
resistors 240 J ofinenergy
are connected when
series with a charge
a cell. of 60 of
The values C flows through itare
the resistances in 15
1.0s.
Ω, 2.0 Ω
and 3.0 Ω.
What is the potential difference (p.d.) across the resistor and what is the current in the resistor?
Q31/J21/P22
Which statement is correct?
p.d. / V current / A
A The current in each resistor is different and the potential difference across each resistor is
different.
A 0.25 0.25
B The current in each resistor is the same and the potential difference across each resistor is
B 0.25 4.0
different.
C C potential
The 4.0 difference across
0.25 each resistor is the same and the current in each resistor is
different.
D 4.0 4.0
D The potential difference across the cell is greater than the sum of the potential differences
across each resistor.
31 Three resistors are connected in series with a cell. The values of the resistances are 1.0 Ω, 2.0 Ω
and 3.0 Ω.
32 The diagram shows two resistors connected in a circuit. B
Which statement is correct?

A The current in each resistor is different and the potential difference across each resistor is
different.
B The current in each resistor is the6.0
same
!
and the potential difference across each resistor is
different.
C The potential difference across each resistor is the same and the current in each resistor is
19 12 !
different.
What
D isThe
the combined
potential resistance
differenceofacross
the resistors in this
the cell circuit? than the sum of the potential differences
is greater
across each resistor.
A 4.0 Ω B 6.0 Ω C 9.0 Ω D 18 Ω

32 The diagram shows two resistors connected in a circuit.

Q32/J21/P22

6.0 !
© UCLES 2021 1524/22/M/J/21

12 !

What is the combined resistance of the resistors in this circuit?

A 4.0 Ω B 6.0 Ω C 9.0 Ω D 18 Ω

20
© UCLES 2021 1524/22/M/J/21

Robila Imran 10
 Fig. 8.1

(a) Calculate the combined resistance between Y and Z.

Fig. 8.1

(a) Calculate the combined resistance between Y and Z.

This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full 11

understanding
8 Fig. 8.1 is a circuit diagram.
11
resistance = .......................................................... [4]
11 11
Q8/Y23/Sp4
g. 8.1 is a circuit diagram. 24 V resistance = .......................................................... [4]
8 Fig. 8.1 8 Fig. 8.1
is a circuit is a circuit diagram.
diagram. (b) alc late the potential ifference (p. . across the 8.0 Ω resistor.
24 V
8.0
(b) 24alc
V late 24!V
! the4.0
potential ifference (p. . across the 8.0 Ω resistor.
8.0 ! 4.0 !

8.0 !Y 4.0 !
8.0 ! 4.0
Z !
Y Z 6.0 !
p.d. = .......................................................... [2]
6.0 !
Y Y Z Z
6.0 ! Fig. 8.1 p.d. = .......................................................... [2] [Total: 6]
6.0 !
Fig. 8.1
[Total: 6]
(a) Calculate the combined resistance between Y and Z.
) Calculate the combined resistance between Y and Z. Fig. 8.1
Fig. 8.1
(a) Calculate the combined resistance between Y and Z.
(a) Calculate the combined resistance between Y and Z.

14
resistance = .......................................................... [4]
resistance = .......................................................... [4]
10 Fig. 10.1 shows a circuit containing a filament lamp of resistance 0.30 Ω and two resistors, each of
resistance 0.20 Ω.
) alc late the potential ifference (p. . across the 8.0 Ω resistor.
(b) resistance
alc late the potential ifference = ..........................................................
(p. . across the 8.0 Ω resistor. [4]
resistance = .......................................................... [4]
21
(b) alc late the potential ifference (p. . across the 8.0 Ω resistor.
0.20 Ω
(b) alc late the potential ifference (p. . across the 8.0 Ω resistor. 0.20 Ω
© UCLES 2020 0625/04/SP/23 [Turn over
p.d.©=UCLES
..........................................................
2020
[2] 0625/04/SP/23 [Turn over
14
p.d. = .......................................................... [2]
[Total:
0.30 Ω6]
Q10/S19/P42 10 Fig. 10.1 shows p.d.
a circuit containing a filament lamp of resistance 0.306]
[Total: Ω and two resistors, each of
resistance 0.20 Ω. = ..........................................................
Fig. 10.1
[2]

p.d. = [Total: 6]
.......................................................... [2]
(a) Calculate the combined resistance of the lamp and the two resistors.

[Total: 6]
0.20 Ω
0.20 Ω

0.30 Ω
1/Rp =1/R1 +1/R2 OR(Rp =)1/(1/R1 +1/R2)OR(Rp =)R1R2/(R1
+R2)OR(0.2×0.3)/(0.2+0.3)OR0.6×0.2 (Rp = ) 0.12 (Ω) Fig. 10.1
(Rt = 0.12 Ω + 0.20 Ω = ) 0.32 Ω resistance = ........................................................ [3]
(a) Calculate the combined resistance of the lamp and the two resistors.
2020 0625/04/SP/23
(b) The potential difference (p.d.)[Turn over
of the supply is increased so that the current in the lamp
increases.

© UCLES 2020 State and explain any change in the resistance of the lamp.
0625/04/SP/23 [Turn over

© UCLES 2020
Statement .................................................................................................................................
0625/04/SP/23 [Turn over
Statement : resistance of lamp increases
Explanation ...............................................................................................................................
Explanation : temperature of lamp increases
© UCLES 2020 ...................................................................................................................................................
0625/04/SP/23 [Turn over
[2]
resistance = ........................................................ [3]
22 [Total: 5]
(b) The potential difference (p.d.) of the supply is increased so that the current in the lamp
increases.

State and explain any change in the resistance of the lamp.

Robila Imran Statement .................................................................................................................................
11
Explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides 16
please refer to class notes for full
8 A circuit contains two fixed resistors and a light-dependent resistor (LDR). Fig. 8.1 shows that the
understanding power supply is a 9.0 V battery.
16

8 A circuit contains two fixed resistors and a light-dependent resistor (LDR). Fig. 8.1 shows that the
power supply is a 9.0 V battery. 9.0 V

Q8/W21/P41 16 9.0 V

8 A circuit contains two fixed resistors and a light‑dependent resistor (LDR). Fig. 8.1 shows that the
power supply is a 9.0 V battery.
450
9.0 V
450
800

800
Fig. 8.1
450
The current in the 450 resistor is 0.012 Fig.
A. 8.1
800
The current in the 450 resistor is 0.012 A.
(a) State what is meant by electric current.
(a) State what is meant by electric current.
...................................................................................................................................................
Fig. 8.1
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
The current in the 450 resistor is 0.012 A. [1]
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(a) State what (b)is The
meant current LDR is I1 and the current in the 800 resistor is I2.
in the current.
by electric
(b) The current in the LDR is I1 and the current in the 800 resistor is I2.
Complete the equation that relates the current in the 450 resistor to I1 and I2.
...................................................................................................................................................
Complete the equation that relates the current in the 450 resistor to I1 and I2.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
current in the 450 resistor = ............................................................................................. [1]
(b) The current incurrent the LDR is I450
in the resistor is I2.
resistor = .............................................................................................
1 and the current in the 800
[1]
(c) Calculate the power dissipated in the 800 resistor.
23
Complete (c)theCalculate
equationthe thatpower
relates dissipated
the current in the 800450resistor.
in the resistor to I1 and I2. 16

8 A circuit contains two fixed resistors and a light-dependent resistor (LDR). Fig. 8.1 show
current in the 450 resistor = .............................................................................................
power supply is a 9.0 V battery. [1]

(c) Calculate the power dissipated in the 800 resistor.

9.0 V

450 Ω
power = .......................................................... [4]
power = .......................................................... [4]

800 Ω

17
power = .......................................................... [4]
(d) The brightness of the light that is incident on the LDR increases. Fig. 8.1

The current
Explain what happens to the potential in the
difference 450
(p.d.) Ω resistor
across is 0.012
the 450 A.
resistor.

(a) State what is meant by electric current.

...................................................................................................................................................
UCLES 2021
© UCLES 2021 0625/41/O/N/21
0625/41/O/N/21
...................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2021
.............................................................................................................................................
0625/41/O/N/21
[3]
(b) The current in the LDR is I1 and the current in the 800 Ω resistor is I2.
[Total: 9]
Complete the equation that relates the current in the 450 Ω resistor to I1 and I2.

24
current in the 450 Ω resistor = ..................................................................................

(c) Calculate the power dissipated in the 800 Ω resistor.

Robila Imran 12
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
12
understanding
8 (a) Define electromotive force (e.m.f.).

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 8.1 shows a source E of e.m.f. 60 V in a circuit.

Q8/M21/P42
E

12

8 (a) Define electromotive force

10 Ω (e.m.f.).

H
...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
X
[1]

(b) Fig. 8.1 shows a source E of e.m.f. Fig.

60 V8.1in a circuit.

The heater H has a resistance of 22.5

EΩ and the potential difference (p.d.) across it is 45 V.
Calculate:

(i) the power of the heater

10 Ω
12 power = .....................................................
H [3]

25 8 (ii) electromotive
(a) Define the p.d. acrossforce
resistor X
(e.m.f.).

...................................................................................................................................................
X
.............................................................................................................................................
p.d. = ..................................................... [2] [1]
Fig. 8.1
(b) Fig.(iii) the current
8.1 shows in the 10
a source E Ωofresistor.
e.m.f. 60 V in a circuit.
The heater H has a resistance of 22.5 Ω and the potential difference (p.d.) across it is 45 V.
E
Calculate:
current = ..................................................... [2]

(i) the power of the heater [Total: 8]

10 Ω

power = ..................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21
X
(ii) the p.d. across resistor X
Fig. 8.1

The heater H has a resistance of 22.5 Ω and the potential difference (p.d.) across it is 45 V.

Calculate: p.d. = ..................................................... [2]

(iii)(i) the
thecurrent
power ofinthe
theheater
10 Ω resistor.

power = ..................................................... [3]

current = ..................................................... [2]
(ii) the p.d. across resistor X
26 [Total: 8]

p.d. = ..................................................... [2]

Robila Imran (iii) the current in the 10 Ω resistor. 13

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

current = ..................................................... [2]

This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
14
understanding
9 Fig. 9.1 shows current–potential difference (p.d.) graphs for a resistor, a thermistor and a filament
lamp.

1.0
Q9/W21/P43

filament lamp
current / A 0.8

resistor
0.6

0.4
thermistor

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
p.d. / V

Fig. 9.1

The resistor, the thermistor and the filament lamp are connected in series with a power supply.

(a) (i) Draw a circuit diagram for this circuit.

27

15

(ii) Add a voltmeter to your circuit diagram in (a)(i) in a correct position to measure the p.d.
across the resistor. [1]

(iii) Using the graph in Fig. 9.1, determine the p.d. across the terminals of the power supply
when the p.d. across the resistor is 6.0 V. [2]

© UCLES 2021 0625/43/O/N/21

p.d. across terminals of power supply = ......................................................... [4]

(b) Describe a practical use for a thermistor.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]

28

Robila Imran 14
 a.c. power supply motor M

fixed resistor generator G

variable resistor ammeter A

This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24

lectures some of the details explained
thermistor
in voltmeter V

class may not be present in these slides

light-dependent
diode
resistor
please refer to class notes for full
understanding heater light-emitting diode

Potential Divider potential divider fuse

When two resistors are connected in series, the potential

transformer relay coil
difference across the power source is
shared between them. The potential difference across each resistor depends upon its resistance:
• The resistor with thecoil largest resistance will have a greater potential difference than the
magnetising

other one
• If the resistance of one of the resistors is increased, it will get a greater share of the
potential difference, whilst the other resistor will get a smaller share
Back to contents page 47 www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse

R1/R2=V1/V2

•If the slider in the above diagram is moved

upwards, the resistance of the lower part will
increase and so the potential difference across it
will also increase
29

14

30 The diagram shows a light-dependent resistor (LDR) connected in a potential divider circuit.

Q30/W23/P23
V

The brightness of the light falling on the LDR is increased.

Which row shows what happens to the resistance of the LDR and what happens to the reading
on the voltmeter?

resistance of LDR reading on voltmeter

A decreases decreases
B decreases increases A
C increases decreases
D increases increases

31 A simple a.c. generator has a coil rotating in a magnetic field.

30 What happens to the peak electromotive force (e.m.f.) and to the frequency of the a.c. output
when the coil is rotated faster?

peak e.m.f. frequency

A greater greater
Robila Imran B greater no change 15
C no change greater
D no change no change
 She holds a rod and rubs it with a cotton cloth. A copper rod, a glass rod, a plastic rod and a steel
rod are available.

Which two rods would both be suitable to use?

A a copper rod and a glass rod

This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details glass
B a rod and in
explained a plastic rod

class may not be presentC ina these slides

plastic rod and a copper rod
please refer to class notes
D for full rod and a steel rod
a plastic
understanding
29 Two resistors, with resistances R1 and R2, are used as a potential divider.

Q29/W23/P23

R1 V1

R2 V2

What is the relationship between R1, R2 and potential differences V1 and V2?

A R1 × R2 = V1 × V2

B R1 × V1 = R2 × V2
R1 D
C = V1 × V2
R2

R1 V 1
D =
R2 V 2

31

12

30 The circuit shown can be completed by inserting components at X and at Y. The completed
circuit is a potential divider in which the potential difference across component Y increases when
Q30/W23/P22 the temperature increases.

Y V
© UCLES 2023 0625/23/O/N/23 [Turn over

Which row shows the components X and Y?

X Y

A light-dependent resistor resistor

B resistor light-dependent resistor
C resistor thermistor D

D thermistor resistor

31 A piece of soft iron XY has a coil of wire wound round it.

magnet soft iron

32
S N X Y

Robila Imran 16
The N pole of a bar magnet is pulled away from end X which causes an induced current in the
coil.

The magnet is now turned round so that the N pole is on the left. It is taken to the other end of the
soft iron and the N pole is pushed towards end Y. A new current is induced in the coil.
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details What
explained in of the circuit?
is the purpose
class may not be present in these slides
A to allow a lamp to be made dimmer or brighter as required
please refer to class notes for full
B to amplify the sound of a voice
understanding C to light a lamp in the dark
D to sound a bell when the temperature rises

Q32/S18/P22
32 The diagram shows two voltmeters P and Q connected to a potential divider.

V voltmeter P
X

V voltmeter Q

The sliding connection at point X is moved towards the top of the diagram.

What happens to the reading on P and to the reading on Q?

B
reading on P reading on Q

A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases

© UCLES 2018 0625/22/M/J/18

33

13

32 The circuit diagram shows a light-dependent resistor (LDR) in a potential divider.

A voltmeter is connected across the LDR.

Q32/S21/P21

Which row shows the resistance of the LDR and the potential difference (p.d.) shown on the
voltmeter at a specific light level?

resistance p.d. shown on

light level
of LDR the voltmeter C
A bright low high
B bright high low
C dim high high
D dim low low

33 Three NAND gates are connected in a single chip as shown.

34

input 1

output
Robila Imran 17
input 2

The whole chip behaves as a single logic gate.

This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

Physics Test # 5
Topic 1: Motion, Forces and Energy
Date:20-11-2023(Monday)
Physics Test # 6
Topic 2 & 3: Thermal Physics and Waves
Date:27-11-2023(Monday)
Cambridge IGCSE Physics 0625 syllabus for 2023, 2024 and 2025. Subject content
Physics Test # 7
Topic 1,2,3,4-4.4 (P2-MCQs)
Date:4-12-2023(Monday)
4.3 Electric circuits continued

4.3.3 Action and use of circuit components

Core Supplement
1 Know that the p.d. across an electrical conductor 2 Describe the action of a variable potential divider
increases as its resistance increases for a constant
current
35 3 Recall and use the equation for two resistors used
as a potential divider
R1 V1
=
R2 V2

4.4 Electrical safety

Core Supplement
1 State the hazards of:
(a) damaged insulation
(b) overheating cables
(c) damp conditions
(d) excess current from overloading of plugs,
extension leads, single and multiple sockets
when using a mains supply
2 Know that a mains circuit consists of a live wire
(line wire), a neutral wire and an earth wire and
explain why a switch must be connected to the
live wire for the circuit to be switched off safely
3 Explain the use and operation of trip switches
and fuses and choose appropriate fuse ratings
and trip switch settings
4 Explain why the outer casing of an electrical
appliance must be either non-conducting
(double-insulated) or earthed
5 State that a fuse without an earth wire protects
the circuit and the cabling for a double-insulated
appliance

36

Robila Imran 18
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

Electrical hazards
Electricity is a useful form of energy but it can also be very
dangerous.
Damaged insulation:
In a circuit, If you have damaged insulation, it means that metal wires
inside the cable are exposed. If a person touches the exposed wires,
they could be electrically shocked, which may lead to death.
Overheating of cables:
When a very high current is run through a cable, there is a risk of
overheating the wire due to too much energy. This overheating could
lead to electrical fires.

37

Damp conditions :
Since water is a conductor, during damp situations such
as inside a bathroom, electricity from the electrical
appliance may electrocute nearby people through the
conductive water. Even skin, if wet, will electrocute the
person if they touch a socket.
Excessive current:
Using multiple-plug adapters with mains supply increases the
risk of overloading plugs and sockets.

38

Robila Imran 19
 This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

Electrical Safety
Mains electricity(a.c. supply ≈ 230V) is a term used to refer to the
electricity supply from power stations to households.
The mains circuit consists of a live wire (line wire), a neutral wire
and an earth wire.
A switch must be connected to the live wire for the circuit to be
switched off safely.
•In order to protect the user or the device, there are several safety features
built into domestic appliances, including:
• Double insulation
• Earthing
• Fuses and trip switches

39

Safety measures include :

Cambridge IGCSE Physics 0625 syllabus for 2023, 2024 and 2025. Details of the assessment

l symbols
Double Insulation
Some appliances are double-insulated this means they have a plastic insulating case and
therefore do not require an earth wire connect to them. Double-insulated appliance such as
switch

ells
hair dryers are marked with the symbol
or Earthing
earth or ground

Electrical appliances with metal cases usually contain an earth wire. If there is a fault in the
y appliance and the live wire makes contact with the metal casing, a large current flows from the
junction of conductors

upply + – live wire to the earth wire. This larger current melts the fuse in the live wire breaking the
lamp

upply circuit and isolating the appliance from the live wire.
motor M

r generator G

stor ammeter A

voltmeter V

dent
diode

light-emitting diode

ider 40 fuse

relay coil

coil

Robila Imran 20
www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse 47
 xidneppA .1202 dna 0202 rof suballys 5260 scisyhP ESCGI egdirbmaC
potential divider oscilloscope
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
relay coil AND gate

please refer to class notesepofor

csollicfull
so redivid laitnetop

understanding
transformer OR gate

Circuit Breaker/Trip
etag DNA Switch lioc yaler
diode NAND gate
A circuit breaker or a trip switch is a safety device
that forces a circuit
light-emitting
etag RO
to open (switch-off) when
NOR gate
an
remrofsnart

diode
extremely highetaglevel
DNAN of current flows throughedothe id circuit.
fuse Fuse NOT gate
gnittime-thgil
It is a metal wire with a low melting point, When
etag RON
edoid current
exceeds its design rating value. The wire will overheat and melt, thus
etag TON esuf
opening the electrical circuit. It will prevent further damage to the
appliance or user. It cannot be reused .Fuse without an earth wire also
protects the circuit and the cabling for a double-insulated appliance.
Always choose appropriate fuse ratings and trip switch
settings.

41

In order to prevent excessive currents flowing into the home circuit, electrical
appliances and its cables, fuses and circuit breakers are wired into the live wire
and used as safety devices.
ack to contents page Earthed www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse 33
When the case of an electrical appliance is connected to the earth wire of a
three-pin plug; the earth wire is electrically connected to the ground to prevent
egap stnetnoc ot kcaB
33
current passing through anyone touching a faulty appliance.
escgi/gro.lanoitanretniegdirbmac.www

42

Robila Imran 21
This is a teaching resource used to deliver 10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

Circuit-breakers/Trip switch offer the following advantages

compared to fuses.
•respond quicker than fuses.
•are more reliable.
•are more sensitive.
•Unlike fuses which only operate once and need to be replaced a trip-switch
13
can be reset.
31 The diagram shows part of an electric circuit. The reading on the voltmeter is 16 V. The current in
the resistor is 8.0 A.

8.0 A P Q

One coulomb of charge flows from P to Q through the resistor.

How much energy is transferred in the resistor?

A 2.0 J B 8.0 J C 16 J D 128 J

43 32 Which symbol represents an AND gate?

A B C D

Q34/W18/P22
33 Either a fuse or a circuit-breaker can be used to protect electrical cables from large currents that
could cause overheating.

X cable
live

electrical Y appliance
supply

neutral
cable

When a fuse is used, where should it be connected, and when a circuit-breaker is used, where
should it be connected?

position position of
of fuse circuit-breaker

A X X
B X Y
C Y X
A
D Y Y

44

© UCLES 2018 0625/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

Robila Imran 22
 R2

What is the resistance of the parallel combination?

This is a teachingAresource used to deliver
less than either R1 or R2
10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not beBpresent
equal in
to these
R1 slides
please refer to class notestofor
C equal R2full
understanding
D the average of R1 and R2
Q33/W18/P23

33 The metal cases of electrical appliances are connected to an earth wire.

Which statement is not correct?

A The live wire may become loose and touch the metal case.
B If the metal case becomes live, the earth wire conducts current to the ground.
C The earth wire needs to have a high resistance.
D Earthing metal cases helps prevent a person from receiving an electric shock.

C
34 What is the function of the split-ring commutator in an electric motor with a single rotating coil?

A to enable the motor to function with an a.c. source

B to reverse the current in the coil once every revolution
C to reverse the current in the coil whenever its plane becomes perpendicular to the magnetic
field

45 D to reverse the current in the coil whenever its plane is parallel with the magnetic field

15

35 A simple wiring diagram for an electric cooker is shown.

Q35/S19/P23

electric cooker

metal casing
live
neutral
earth
© UCLES 2021 0625/21/O/N/21 [Turn over
connection to casing

Why is there a wire connecting the metal case of the cooker to earth?

A It improves the efficiency of the cooker. C

B It prevents the metal case from becoming too hot when the cooker is left on.
C It reduces the risk of an electric shock if the live wire touches the metal case.
D The electric cooker will not switch on without it.

46 36 α-particles are directed at a metal foil.

Most of the particles pass through the foil with little change in direction.

A small proportion of the particles are scattered back through large angles.
Robila Imran What does this evidence suggest about the structure of an atom?
23
A It consists of a charged centre much smaller than the size of the atom and with little of the
mass of the atom.
B It consists of a negative charge the size of the atom containing small positive charges
 R2

This is a teachingWhat
resource used to deliver
is the resistance of the parallel combination?
10/23/24
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not beApresent
less than either R
in these 1 or R2
slides
please refer to class notestofor
B equal R1 full
understanding C equal to R2
D the average of R1 and R2
Q33/W21/P23
14
33 Circuit breakers and fuses are devices used to protect a circuit from overloading.
10 (a) Name the logic gate shown in Fig. 10.1. ..............................................................
Which statement correctly describes the difference between a circuit breaker and a fuse?

A Circuit breakers can be reset if they operate but fuses need to be replaced.
B Circuit breakers need to be replaced if they operate but fuses can be reset.
Fig. 10.1
C Circuit breakers can be used in an a.c. circuit but fuses cannot. [1]

(b) Fig. D
10.2 Circuit
shows a breakers
combinationcannot
of logic gates.
be used in an a.c. circuit but fuses can.

input I output O
A
34 Electrical energy is transferred by transmission lines at high voltage.

Fig. 10.2
Which statement explains why a high voltage is used?
Complete the right-hand column of Table 10.1, the truth table for the combination of logic
A The voltage is alternating.
gates. You may use the blank column for your working.
B The transmission linesTable
have a larger resistance.
10.1

C The transmission lines carry greater power.

input I output O
47
D There is a0 smaller current in the transmission lines for the same power.

1
[2]

(c) An electrical device has a metal case.

Q10/W21/P42
Explain the benefit of earthing the metal case.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(d) (i) Explain how a fuse protects a circuit.

...........................................................................................................................................
15
© UCLES 2021 0625/23/O/N/21
...........................................................................................................................................
(ii) The current in an electric kettle connected to the mains through a fuse is 10 A.
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
Fuses with the following ratings are available.

3A 9A 10 A 13 A 30 A

Circle the correct fuse rating for this appliance and explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 ...........................................................................................................................................

0625/42/O/N/21

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

48 [Total: 9]

Robila Imran 24
 14
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
8 (a) Explain what is meant by electromotive force (e.m.f.).
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
An electric heater contains two heating elements R1 and R2. An electric motor operates a [2]
(b) ............................................................................................................................................. fan.
This is a teaching
The fanresource
blows cool air usedover the to heating
deliver elements.
................................................................................................................................................... 10/23/24
(b) An electric heater contains two heating elements R1 and R2. An electric motor operates a fan.
lectures some The
Fig. of8.1the
fan blows
shows details
cool
theair explained
over
circuit. the heatingin
14
elements.
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
class may
8 notExplain
(a) be present
what is meant inbythese
electromotiveslides force (e.m.f.).
(b) Fig.
An 8.1 shows
electric heaterthe contains
circuit. two heating elements R1 and R2. An electric motor operates a fan.
please refer to Theclassfan blows notescool airfor overfull S
the heating elements. S2 S3
...................................................................................................................................................
1
14

understanding Fig. 8.1 shows the circuit. S1

14 14
S2
8 (a) Explain what is meant by electromotive force (e.m.f.).
S3
...................................................................................................................................................
240 V mains ...................................................................................................................................................
8 (a) Explain what is meant by electromotive M force (e.m.f.).
8 (a) Explain what is meant by electromotive
supply force (e.m.f.).
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
240 V mains S1 S2 R S3 ...................................................................................................................................................
M R2
...................................................................................................................................................
supply 1
...................................................................................................................................................
(b) An electric heater contains two heating elements R1 and R2. An electric motor operates a fan.
Q8/W20/P41
The fan blows cool air over the heating elements. R1 ............................................................................................................................................. [2]
R2
...................................................................................................................................................
240 V mains
supply M
...................................................................................................................................................
(b) An electric heater contains two heating elements R1 and R2. An electric motor operates a fan.
Fig. 8.1 shows the circuit. The fan blows cool air over the
.............................................................................................................................................
R1 R2 [2] heating elements.
Fig. 8.1
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
Fig. 8.1 shows the circuit.
(b) An electric heater contains
S1 two heating elements
Fig. 8.1 S2R1 and R2. S
An electric motor operates a fan.
3
The The
(b) heater
An fanisblows
electricpowered
heater by
cool air a mains
over
contains the supply
heating
two of e.m.f.
elements.
heating 240 V.
elements R1 and R2. An electric motor operates a fan.
S1 S2 S3
The fan
The heater blows
is powered
240
cool air over the heating
V mains by a mains supply
elements.
of e.m.f. 240 V.
Fig. 8.1
Switches S1shows
and S2the
arecircuit. MFig. 8.1
closed. Heating
supply
element R1 gets hot. The resistance of R1 is 30 Ω.
Fig. S
8.1andshows theclosed.
circuit.Heating element R Rgets hot. TheR resistance of R is 30 Ω. 240 V mains
Switches
The heater S are
1 is powered by a mains supply of e.m.f. 240 M
(i) Calculate the2current in heating element R1. 1 V. 1 2 1 supply
S1 S2 S3 R1 R2
(i)Switches
Calculate the current in heating element R .
S1 and S2 are closed. Heating element1R1 gets hot. The resistance of R1 is 30 Ω.
S1 S2 S3
(i) 240current
Calculate the V mainsin heating elementMR1.
supply Fig. 8.1 current = ......................................................... [1]
240 V mains Fig. 8.1
R1 R2
current = ......................................................... [1]
The heater is powered by a mains supply of e.m.f.M240 V.
supply
(ii) Calculate the power produced in heating element R1. The heater is powered by a mains supply of e.m.f. 240 V.
current R1 R
= .........................................................
(ii) Calculate
Switches S andthe
S power produced
are closed.
1
in element
Heating
2
heating element
R gets hot. .
R1The resistance 1 of R is 302Ω. [1] 1 S and S are closed. Heating element R gets hot. The resistance of R is 30 Ω.
Switches 1 2 1 1
(ii) Calculate
(i) Calculatethe
thecurrent
powerinproduced
heating element R1.element R1.
in heating
Fig. 8.1 (i) Calculate the current in heating element R1.
14
power = ......................................................... [2]
The heater is powered by a mains supplyFig.
of e.m.f.
8.1 240 V. 8 (a) Explain what is meant by electromotive force (e.m.f.).
power = ......................................................... [2]
current = ......................................................... [1] current = ......................................................... [1]
Switches
The heater and
S1 is S2 are closed.
powered Heating
by a mains element
power
supply R1 gets
e.m.f. 240 hot.
V. The resistance of R1 is[2]30 Ω.
=of.........................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
(iii) The resistance of heating element R2 is 60 Ω. (ii) Calculate the power produced in heating element R1.
(ii) The
(iii) Calculate the power
resistance produced
of heating in heating
element is 60 Ω. R1.
R2 element
(i) Calculate the current in heating element R 1. ..................................................................................................................................................
49 Switches S
(iii) Switches
The resistance
S1, and
1 Sof 2 and
S2 are
S3 are
heating
closed.
closed.
element
Heating element R1 gets hot. The resistance of R1 is 30 Ω.
R is 60 Ω.
Switches S1, S2 and S3 are closed. 2 ............................................................................................................................................. [2
(i)
1. Calculate
State
Switches Sand the current
explain how in theheating
currentelementin R2 comparesR 1. with the current in R1.
1, S2 and S3 are closed. power R = and.........................................................
R2. An electric motor operates a [2]
1. State and explain how the current power =2 compares
in Rcurrent with(b) theAn electricinheater
current R1. contains
......................................................... [2]
= .........................................................
two heating elements
[1]heating elements. 1
fan
The fan blows cool air over the
1. State and explain how the current in R2 compares with the current in R1.
.....................................................................................................................................
(ii) .....................................................................................................................................
Calculate the power produced in heating element R1. (iii) The resistance of heating element R2 is 60 Ω.
Fig. 8.1 shows the circuit.
(iii) The resistance of heating element R2 is 60 Ω.
.....................................................................................................................................
current = ......................................................... [1]
.....................................................................................................................................
Switches S1, S2 and S3 are closed.
.....................................................................................................................................
Switches S1, S2 and S3 are closed. S S2 S3
(ii) .....................................................................................................................................
Calculate the power produced in heating element R1.
...............................................................................................................................
1. State and explain how [2]1 the current in R2 compares with the current in R1.
............................................................................................................................... [2]
1. State and explain how the current in R 2 compares with the current in R .
...............................................................................................................................
1 240 [2]
.....................................................................................................................................
power = .........................................................
V mains [2]
supply M
© UCLES 2020 .....................................................................................................................................
0625/41/O/N/20 .....................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2020 0625/41/O/N/20 R1 R2
© UCLES 2020 0625/41/O/N/20
(iii) .....................................................................................................................................
The resistance of heating element R2 is 60 Ω.
power = ......................................................... [2]
............................................................................................................................... [2]

Switches S1, S2 and S3 are15closed.

............................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2020 0625/41/O/N/20
Fig. 8.1
2.(iii) The
The1. resistance
current
Stateinand of heating
the motor is how
explain 0.10 A.element
theThe cableR
current is 60
infrom
2R theΩ.
electric heater to the plug for
2 compares with the current in R1.
© UCLES 2020 the mains socket is safe when0625/41/O/N/20
the current in it is less than 20 A. The heater is powered by a mains supply of e.m.f. 240 V.
Switches S1, S2 and S3 are closed.
.....................................................................................................................................
Suggest and explain a suitable fuse rating for this circuit. Switches S1 and S2 are closed. Heating element R1 gets hot. The resistance of R1 is 30 Ω.
State and explain how the current in R2 compares with the current in R1.
1. .....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(i) Calculate the current in heating element R1.
............................................................................................................................... [2]
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... current = ......................................................... [1
© UCLES 2020 0625/41/O/N/20
(ii) Calculate the
............................................................................................................................... heating element R1.
[2] power produced in [2]
...............................................................................................................................
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2020 0625/41/O/N/20
power = ......................................................... [2

(iii) The resistance of heating element R2 is 60 Ω.

50 Switches S1, S2 and S3 are closed.

1. State and explain how the current in R2 compares with the current in R1.

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Robila Imran 25
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© UCLES 2020 0625/41/O/N/20