Spreadsheet For Engineers(BME358C)
INTRODUCTION
Excel is the well-known standard spreadsheet application that allows you to easily perform
calculation and recalculations of data by using numerous built-in functions and formulas. When we
talk about working in excel, we basically work in a workbook, that is, the file that is created by
Excel with default extension ‘.xlsx’. For each workbook contains one or more worksheets and by
default, they are named as Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3, and so on, in the sequence in which they
created. The users can rename the worksheet by right clicking on the sheet name and selecting
‘Rename’ from the option, with the condition that each sheet name in a workbook is unique.
Sheets are structured as two-dimensional matrix with the columns named alphabetically (A-Z, AA-
AZ, BA…..ZZ, AAA, AAB and so on) and the rows numerically (1 to 1048576). Each sheet contains
individual cells which can contain number, text or formula .The intersection of a row and a column is a
single cell in the worksheet is referenced as A1, i.e., column A row 1. A worksheet also has an
invisible drawing layer which holds charts, images and diagrams. Objects on the drawing layers it over
the top of the cells, however they are not inside the cells like a number, text or a formula.
An open excel workbook screen look like the following screenshot. It also shows the important and
useful elements that are often used:
Quickacces TabList Formul
s toolbar a Bar
Colum
n
Selecte letters
d Cell
Row
numbe
rs
SheetTab StatusBar Horizontal Vertica
NewShee Zoom
Scroll l Scroll
t button Contro
l
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2. Cleaning Data with Text Functions: use of UPPER and LOWER,
TRIM function, Concatenate:
UPPER and LOWER Functions:
1. UPPER Function:
Converts text to uppercase.
Syntax: =UPPER(text)
Example: =UPPER(A1) converts the text in cell A1 to uppercase.
2. LOWER Function:
Converts text to lowercase.
Syntax: =LOWER(text)
Example: =LOWER(B1) converts the text in cell B1 to lowercase.
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3.TRIM Function:
Removes extra spaces from text, except for single spaces between words.
Syntax: =TRIM(text)
Example: =TRIM(C1) removes extra spaces from the text in cell C1.
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4.CONCATENATE Function:
o Combines multiple text strings into one.
o Syntax: =CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], ...)
o Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1) combines the text in cells A1 and B1 with a space in
between.
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3.Data Analysis Process: Conditional Formatting, What-If
Analysis, Data Tables, Charts & Graphs.
Charts & Graphs: Charts/Graphs are visual representations of data used
to make it more understandable. Commonly used charts are:
Chart Type When to Use
Column Chart Compare Values across safew categories ,shown vertically
Line Chart Visualize the trends over a period of time i.e., months, days, years and so on
Pie chart Quantify items and display them as percentages
Bar Chart Comparing values across a few categories, shown horizontally
Area chart Illustrating the magnitude of changes between 2 or more data points, using the
sum of plotted values to show the relationship of parts as a whole
Scatter chart Show correlation between the two sets of values.
Combo chart A visualization that combines 2 or more chart types into single chart.
Commonlyusedtoshowthedifferencebetweentargetsversusactualresults
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1. Column Chart:
PROCEDURE:
1. Select the columns that have the data(excluding columnA )
2. Click the Insert option
3. In the Chart group, click on the Insert Column Chart icon on that select 2-D column
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4. Click on the ‘Column chart’ option in the charts that's show
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2.Line chart :
PROCEDURE:
1. Select the columns that have the data(excluding column A )
2. Click the Insert option
3. In the Chart group , click on the Insert Line Chart icon
4. Click on the ‘Line chart ’option in the charts that's show.
3.Pie Chart :
PROCEDURE:
1. Select the columns that have the data(excluding column A )
2. Click the Insert option
3. In the Chart group , click on the Insert Pie Chart icon
4. Click on the ‘Pie chart ’option in the charts that's show.
4.Trending chart:
PROCEDURE:
1. Select the columns that have the data(excluding column A )
2. Click the Insert option
3. In the Chart group , click on the Insert column Chart icon
4. Click on the ‘column chart ’option in the charts that's show.
5. Right click on chart and select add trend.
6. In trendline format select linear and close.
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5.combo chart:
PROCEDURE:
1. Select the columns that have the data(excluding column A and column B )
2. Click the Insert option
3. In the Chart group , click on the Insert column Chart icon
4. Click on the ‘column chart ’option in the charts that's show.
5. Right click on chart and click on select data.
6. In select data source click on add
7. Select column B and click okay.
8. In edit series click on series name and select revenue
9.click on series values and select revenue value
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10.right click on chart select change series type
11.in change chart type select line chart and click on ok
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4. Conditional Formatting: formatting, parsing, and highlighting
data in spreadsheets during data analysis.
Highlighting data in spreadsheets during data analysis:
1. Greater then
Step1:
Select any column from the table. Here we are going to select a C++ column. After that go to the
home tab on the top of the ribbon and then in the styles group select conditional formatting and then in
the highlight cells rule select Greater than an option.
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Step 2:
Then a greater than dialog box appears. Here first write the C++ marks i.e 40 and then select the color
Step3:
As you can see in the excel table C++ column change the color of the values that are greater than 40.
2.lesser then
Step1:
Select any column from the table. Here we are going to select a Java column. After that go to the
home tab on the top of the ribbon and then in the styles group select conditional formatting and then in
the highlight cells rule select lesser than an option.
Step 2:
Then a lesser than dialog box appears. Here first write the JAVA marks i.e 20 and then select the color
Step3:
As you can see in the excel table JAVA column change the color of the values that are lesser than 20.
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5.Working with Data: Data Validation, Pivot Tables & Pivot Charts.
Data Validation:
Data validation is the process of ensuring that the data entered into a cell meets specific criteria.
Data Validation in Excel is a feature that allows you to control and restrict the type of data that
can be entered into a cell. This ensures data accuracy, consistency, and reliability, which is
crucial in data analytics.
Data Validation allows you to define rules or conditions for the data that can be entered in a
cell. These rules can include specifying acceptable values, number formats, text lengths, dates,
or custom formulas. Data Validation helps prevent errors and inconsistencies in your data set.
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1. Setting Data Validation:
Select the cell or range of cells where you want to apply data validation.
Go to the “Data” tab and click on “Data Validation.”
Choose the criteria (e.g., whole number, date, list) and set the validation rules.
2.Custom Validation:
1.Create custom validation rules using formulas to restrict data entry based on specific
conditions
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2.input Message
Create input message and enter title and input message
3.Error alerts:
Provide helpful error alerts to guide users when entering data and enter OK
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Pivot Tables:
Pivot tables are powerful tools for summarizing and analyzing large amounts of data.
1. Creating a Pivot Table:
Select the range of cells that contain your data.
Go to the “Insert” tab and click on “PivotTable.”
Choose where to place the pivot table (new worksheet or existing worksheet).
2. Building Pivot Table:
Drag and drop fields into the Rows and Columns areas to arrange data.
Drag numeric fields into the Values area to perform calculations (e.g., sum, average).
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3. Filtering and Grouping:
Use the filter and grouping options within the pivot table to focus on specific data.
1. segregate by location and name calculate the total of nokia ,sony, htc?
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2. segregate by name and calculate the total of Lg ,Samsung, Intex?
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3. segregate by name and location calculate the total of Apple,Iphone ?
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Pivot Charts:
Pivot charts are visual representations of data created from a pivot table.
1. Creating a Pivot Chart:
After creating a pivot table, select any cell in the pivot table.
Go to the “Insert” tab and click on “PivotChart.”
Choose the chart type you want.
2. Building Pivot Table:
Drag and drop fields into the Rows and Columns areas to arrange data.
Drag numeric fields into the Values area to perform calculations (e.g., sum, average).
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3. Filtering and Grouping:
Use the filter and grouping options within the pivot table to focus on specific data.
1. draw bar chart of name using pivot of Lg ,Samsung, Intex ?
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2. draw bar chartof location using pivot of nokia sony htc ?
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3. draw bar chart of location and name using pivot of Apple Ipnone?
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