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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE

2011

Q. No. 1 – 25 Carry One Mark Each

Q. 1 Roots of the algebraic equation x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0 are
(A) (+ 1, + j, - (B) (+ 1, - 1, + 1)
j) (D) (- 1, + j, - j)
(C) (0, 0, 0)

Q. 2 With K as a constant, the possible solution for the first order differential equation
dy -3x
dx = e is
1 1
(A) - e-3x + (B) - e3x + K
K 3 3
(D) -3e-x + K
1
(C) - e-3x +
K 3

Q. 3 The r.m.s value of the current i (t) in the circuit shown below is
1 1
(A) (B) A
A 2
2
(C) 1 A (D) 2 A

Q. 4 The fourier series expansion f (t) = a0 + /a3n cos nwt + bn sin nwt of
the periodic signal shown below will connt=a1in the following nonzero terms

(A) a0 and bn, n = 1, 3, 5,...3 (B) a0 and an, n = 1, 2, 3,...3

(C) a0 an and bn, n = 1, 2, (D) a0 and an n = 1, 3, 5,...3
3,...3

Q. 5 A 4 point starter is used to start and control the speed of a

(A) dc shunt motor with armature resistance control
(B) dc shunt motor with field weakening control
(C) dc series motor
(D) dc compound motor

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Q. 6 A three phase, salient pole synchronous motor is connected to an infinite bus. It

is operated at no load a normal excitation. The field excitation of the motor is
first reduced to zero and then increased in reverse direction gradually. Then the
armature current.
(A) Increases continuously
(B) First increases and then decreases steeply
(C) First decreases and then increases steeply
(D) Remains constant

Q. 7 A nuclear power station of 500 MW capacity is located at 300 km away from a

load center. Select the most suitable power evacuation transmission configuration
among the following options

Q. 8 The frequency response of a linear system G (jw) is provided in the tubular form
below
G (jw) 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.3

+G -130c -140c -150c -160c -180c -200c

(jw)
Gain Margin and phase margin are
(A) 6 dB and 30c (B) 6 dB and -30c

(C) -6 dB and 30c (D) -6 dB and -30c

Q. 9 The steady state error of a unity feedback linear system for a unit step input is
0.1. The steady state error of the same system, for a pulse input r (t) having
a magnitude of 10 and a duration of one second, as shown in the figure is

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(A) 0 (B) 0.1

(C) 1 (D) 10

Q. 10 Consider the following statement

(1) The compensating coil of a low power factor wattmeter compensates the
effect of the impedance of the current coil.
(2) The compensating coil of a low power factor wattmeter compensates the
effect of the impedance of the voltage coil circuit.
(A) (1) is true but (2) is false (B) (1) is false but (2) is true
(C) both (1) and (2) are true (D) both (1) and (2) are false

Q. 11 A low-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 30 Hz is cascaded with a high pass

filter with a cut-off frequency of 20 Hz. The resultant system of filters will
function as
(A) an all – pass filter (B) an all – stop filter
(C) an band stop (band-reject) filter
(D) a band – pass filter
Q. 12

The CORRECT transfer characteristic is

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Q. 13 A three phase current source inverter used for the speed control of an induction
motor is to be realized using MOSFET switches as shown below. Switches S1 to
S6 are identical switches.

The proper configuration for realizing switches S1 to S6 is

Q. 14 A point Z has been plotted in the complex plane, as shown in figure below.

1
The plot of the complex number Y = is
Z

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Q. 15 The voltage applied to a circuit is 100 2 cos (100pt) volts and the circuit draws
a current of 10 2 sin (100pt + p/4) amperes. Taking the voltage as the reference
phasor, the phasor representation of the current in amperes is
(A) 10 2 -p/4 (B) 10 -p/4

(C) 10 +p/4 (D) 10 2 +p/4

Q. 16 In the circuit given below, the value of R required for the transfer of maximum
power to the load having a resistance of 3 W is

(A) zero (B) 3 W

(C) 6 W (D) infinity

Q. 17 Given two continuous time signals x (t) = e-t and y (t) = e-2t which exist for t > 0
, the convolution z (t) = x (t)*y (t) is
(A) e-t - e-2t (B) e-3t
(C) e+t (D) e-t + e-2t

Q. 18 A single phase air core transformer, fed from a rated sinusoidal supply, is
operating at no load. The steady state magnetizing current drawn by the
transformer from the supply will have the waveform

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Q. 19 A negative sequence relay is commonly used to protect

(A) an alternator (B) an transformer
(C) a transmission line (D) a bus bar

Q. 20 For enhancing the power transmission in along EHV transmission line, the most
preferred method is to connect a
(A) Series inductive compensator in the line
(B) Shunt inductive compensator at the receiving end
(C) Series capacitive compensator in the line
(D) Shunt capacitive compensator at the sending end

Q. 21 An open loop system represented by the transfer function

(s - 1)
G (s) = is
(s + 2)(s + 3)

(A) Stable and of the minimum phase type

(B) Stable and of the non–minimum phase type
(C) Unstable and of the minimum phase type
(D) Unstable and of non–minimum phase type

Q. 22 The bridge circuit shown in the figure below is used for the measurement of an
unknown element Z X . The bridge circuit is best suited when Z X is a

(A) low resistance (B) high resistance

(C) low Q inductor (D) lossy capacitor

Q. 23 A dual trace oscilloscope is set to operate in the ALTernate mode. The control
input of the multiplexer used in the y -circuit is fed with a signal having a
frequency equal to
(A) the highest frequency that the multiplexer can operate properly
(B) twice the frequency of the time base (sweep) oscillator
(C) the frequency of the time base (sweep) oscillator
(D) haif the frequency of the time base (sweep) oscillator

Q. 24 The output Y of the logic circuit given below is

(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) X (D) X

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Q. No. 26 – 51 Carry Two Mark Each

Q. 25 Circuit turn-off time of an SCR is defined as the time
(A) taken by the SCR turn to be off
(B) required for the SCR current to become zero
(C) for which the SCR is reverse biased by the commutation circuit
(D) for which the SCR is reverse biased to reduce its current below the holding
current

Q. 26 Solution of the variables x1 and x2 for the following equations is to be obtained

by employing the Newton-Raphson iterative method.
equation (1) 10x2 sin x1 - 0.8 = 0
equation (2)
10x 2 - 10x cos - 0.6 = 0
x
2 2 1
Assuming the initial values are x1 = 0.0 and x10
10 -0.8 2 = 01.0, the jacobian matrix is

(A) >
0 H (B) > H
-0.6 10
0
0 -0.8 10 0
(C) >
10 H (D) H
-0.6 -10
>
10
Q. 27 The function f (x) = 2x - x2 - x3 + 3 has
(A) a maxima at x = 1 and minimum at x = 5
(B) a maxima at x = 1 and minimum at x =- 5
(C) only maxima at x = 1 and
(D) only a minimum at x = 5

Q. 28 A lossy capacitor Cx , rated for operation at 5 kV, 50 Hz is represented by

an equivalent circuit with an ideal capacitor Cp in parallel with a resistor R p .
The value Cp is found to be 0.102 μF and value of R p = 1.25 MW. Then the power
loss and tan d of the lossy capacitor operating at the rated voltage, respectively,
are (A) 10 W and 0.0002 (B) 10 W and 0.0025
(C) 20 W and 0.025 (D) 20 W and 0.04

Q. 29 Let the Laplace transform of a function f (t) which exists for t >
be F1(s)
0
and the Laplace transform of its delayed version f (t - t) F2(s). Let F1 * (s)
be
be the complex conjugate of F1(s) with the Laplace variable set s = s + jw. If
F2 (s) F1 * (s)
G (s) = , then the inverse Laplace transform of G (s) is
F1(s) 2
(A) An ideal impulse (t) d
(B) An ideal delayed impulse d(t - t)
(C) An ideal step function u (t)
(D) An ideal delayed step function u (t - t)

Q. 30 A zero mean random signal is uniformly distributed between limits -a and +a

and its mean square value is equal to its variance. Then the r.m.s value of the
signal is
a a
(A) (B)
3 2

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(C) a 2 (D) a 3

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Q. 31 A 220 V, DC shunt motor is operating at a speed of 1440 rpm. The armature

resistance is 1.0 W and armature current is 10 A. of the excitation of the
machine is reduced by 10%, the extra resistance to be put in the armature circuit
to maintain the same speed and torque will be
(A) 1.79 W
(B) 2.1 W
(C) 18.9 W
(D) 3.1 W

Q. 32 A load center of 120 MW derives power from two power stations connected by
220 kV transmission lines of 25 km and 75 km as shown in the figure below. The
three generators G1, G2 and G3 are of 100 MW capacity each and have identical
fuel cost characteristics. The minimum loss generation schedule for supplying the
120 MW load is

P1 = 80 MW +
losses P1 = 60 MW
(A) P2 = 20 MW (B) P2 = 30 MW + losses
P3 = 20 MW P3 = 30 MW

P1 = 40 MW P1 = 30 MW + losses
(C) P2 = 40 MW (D) P2 = 45 MW
P3 = 40 MW + P3 = 45 MW
losses

Q. 33 The open loop transfer function G (s) of a unity feedback control system is
given as
2
K bs + l
G (s) = 2 3
s (s + 2)
From the root locus, at can be inferred that when K tends to positive infinity,
(A) Three roots with nearly equal real parts exist on the left half of the s -plane
(B) One real root is found on the right half of the s -plane
(C) The root loci cross the jw axis for a finite value of K; K C 0
(D) Three real roots are found on the right half of the s -plane

Q. 34 A portion of the main program to call a subroutine SUB in an 8085 environment

is given below.
h
LXI D, DISP
LP : CALL SUB
LP+3
h
It is desired that control be returned to LP+DISP+3 when the RET instruction
is executed in the subroutine. The set of instructions that precede the RET
instruction in the subroutine are

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POP H
DAD D
(A) POP D INX H
DAD H (B)
INX H
PUSH D
INX H
PUSH H
XTHL
(C) POP H INX D
DAD D (D) INX D
PUSH H INX D
XTHL
Q. 35 The transistor used in the circuit shown below has a b of 30 and ICBO is negligible

If the forward voltage drop of diode is 0.7 V, then the current through collector
will be
(A) 168 mA
(B) 108 mA
(C) 20.54 mA
(D) 5.36 mA

Q. 36 A voltage commutated chopper circuit, operated at 500 Hz, is shown below.

If the maximum value of load current is 10 A, then the maximum current through
the main (M) and auxiliary (A) thyristors will be
(A) iMmax = 12 A and iA max = 10 A
(B) iMmax = 12 A and iA max = 2A
(C) iMmax = 10 A and iA max = 12 A
(D) iMmax = 10 A and iA max = 8 A

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Q. 37 The matrix [A] = >2 1 H is decomposed into a product of a lower

4 -1
triangular matrix [L] and an upper triangular matrix [U]. The properly decomposed
[L] and
1 [U]
0 matrices
1 1respectively are 2 0 1 1
(A) > and > (B) > and >
4 -1H 0 -2H 4 -1H 0 1H
1 0 2 1
2 0
1 1.5
(C) >
4 and (D) and >
1H -1H -3H 0 1H
>0 >4

1 3
Q. 38 The two vectors [1,1,1] and [1, a, a2] where a = c- + j m, are
(A) Orthonormal (B) Orthogonal
2 2
(C) Parallel (D) Collinear

Q. 39 A three-phase 440 V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, squirrel cage induction motor is running at

a slip of 5%. The speed of stator magnetic field to rotor magnetic field and speed
of rotor with respect of stator magnetic field are
(A) zero, -5 rpm (B) zero, 955 rpm
(C) 1000 rpm, -5 rpm (D) 1000 rpm, 955 rpm
Q. 40 A capacitor is made with a polymeric dielectric having an er of 2.26 and a
dielectric breakdown strength of 50 kV/cm. The permittivity of free space is 8.85
pF/m. If the rectangular plates of the capacitor have a width of 20 cm and a
length of 40 cm, then the maximum electric charge in the capacitor is
(A) 2 μC (B) 4 μC
(C) 8 μC (D) 10 μC
Q. 41 The response h (t) of a linear time invariant system to an impulse d(t), under
initially relaxed condition is h (t) = e-t + e-2t . The response of this system
for a unit step input u (t) is
(A) u (t) + e-t + e-2t
(B) (e-t + e-2t ) u (t)
(C) (1.5 - e-t - 0.5e-2t ) u (t)
(D) e-t d (t) + e-2t u (t)

Q. 42 The direct axis and quadrature axis reactances of a salient pole alternator are
1.2 p.u and 1.0 p.u respectively. The armature resistance is negligible. If this
alternator is delivering rated kVA at upf and at rated voltage then its power
angle is
(A) 30c (B) 45c
(C) 60c (D) 90c

Q. 43 A 4 1 digit DMM has the error specification as: 0.2% of reading + 10 counts. If
2
a dc voltage of 100 V is read on its 200 V full scale, the maximum error that
can be expected in the reading is
(A) !0.1%
(B) !0.2%
(C) !0.3%
(D) !0.4%

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Q. 44 A three – bus network is shown in the figure below indicating the p.u. impedance
of each element.

The bus admittance matrix, Y -bus, of the network is

R R V
0.3 -0.2 -15 5
S 0 W S 0 W
V

(A) jS-0.2 0.08 (B) jS 5 7.5 -12.5W

0.12 W S 0 -12.5 2.5 W
S 0 0.08 0.02
W 0
R T 0XV TR V X
0 0.2 -10 5
(C) 0.12 - W (D) jSS5 7.5 12.5WW
.1
0.08W
S
jS0.2
S0 - 0.10 S0 12.5 -10W
0.08 W T X
T X
Q. 45 A two loop position control system is shown below

The gain K of the Tacho-generator influences mainly the

(A) Peak overshoot
(B) Natural frequency of oscillation
(C) Phase shift of the closed loop transfer function at very low frequencies
(w " 0)
(D) Phase shift of the closed loop transfer function at very high
frequencies (w " 3)
Q. 46 A two bit counter circuit is shown below

It the state QA QB of the counter at the clock time tn is ‘10’ then the state QA QB
of the counter at tn + 3 (after three clock cycles) will be
(A) 00
(B) 01

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(C) 10
(D) 11

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Q. 47 A clipper circuit is shown below.

Assuming forward voltage drops of the diodes to be 0.7 V, the input-output

transfer characteristics of the circuit is

Common Data questions: 48 & 49

The input voltage given to a converter is
vi = 100 2 sin (100pt) V
The current drawn by the converter is
ii = 10 2 sin (100pt - p/3) 2 sin (300pt + p/4)
+5
+2 2 sin (500pt - p/6) A
Q. 48 The input power factor of the converter is
(A) 0.31 (B) 0.44
(C) 0.5 (D) 0.71

Q. 49 The active power drawn by the converter is

(A) 181 W (B) 500 W
(C) 707 W (D) 887 W

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Common Data questions: 50 & 51

An RLC circuit with relevant data is given below.

Q. 50 The power dissipated in the resistor R is

(A) 0.5 W (B) 1 W
(C) 2 W (D) 2 W
Q. 51 The current IC in the figure above is
(A) - j2 A
(B) - j 1 A
1 2
(C) + j A
2 (D) + j2A

Linked Answer questions: Q.52 to Q.55 Carry Two Marks Each Statement for
Linked Answer Questions: 52 & 53
Q. 52 Two generator units G1 and G2 are connected by 15 kV line with a bus at the
mid-point as shown below

G 1 = 250 MVA, 15 kV, positive sequence reactance X G = 25% on its own base
1

G 2 = 100 MVA, 15 kV, positive sequence reactance X G = 10% on its own base L 1
2

and L2 = 10 km, positive sequence reactance X L = 0.225 W/km

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Q. 53 In the above system, the three-phase fault MVA at the bus 3 is

(A) 82.55 MVA (B) 85.11 MVA
(C) 170.91 MVA (D) 181.82 MVA

Statement for Linked Answer Questions: 54 & 55

A solar energy installation utilize a three – phase bridge converter to feed energy
into power system through a transformer of 400 V/400 V, as shown below.

The energy is collected in a bank of 400 V battery and is connected to converter

through a large filter choke of resistance 10 W.
Q. 54 The maximum current through the battery will be
(A) 14 A (B) 40 A
(C) 80 A (D) 94 A

Q. 55 The kVA rating of the input transformer is

(A) 53.2 kVA (B) 46.0 kVA
(C) 22.6 kVA (D) 7.5 kVA

Q. No. 56 – 60 Carry One Mark Each

Q. 56 There are two candidates P and Q in an election. During the campaign, 40% of
the voters promised to vote for P , and rest for Q . However, on the day of election
15% of the voters went back on their promise to vote for P and instead voted for
Q.25% of the voters went back on their promise to vote for Q and instead voted
for P . Suppose, P lost by 2 votes, then what was the total number of voters?
(A) 100 (B) 110
(C) 90 (D) 95

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Q. 57 Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the
following sentence:
It was her view that the country’s problems had been by foreign technocrats,
so that to invite them to come back would be counter-productive.
(A) Identified
(B) ascertained
(C) Texacerbated
(D) Analysed

Q. 58 Choose the work from the options given below that is most nearly opposite in
meaning to the given word:
Frequency
(A) periodicity
(B) rarity
(C) gradualness
(D) persistency

Q. 59 Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete
the following sentence: Under ethical guidelines recently adopted by the Indian
Medical Association, human genes are to be manipulated only to correct diseases
for which treatments are unsatisfactory.
(A) Similar (B) Most
(C) Uncommon (D) Available

Q. 60 The question below consists of a pair of related words followed by four paris of
words. Select the pair that best expresses the relation in the original pair:
Gladiator : Arena
(A) dancer : state
(B) commuter : train
(C) teacher : classroom
(D) lawyer : courtroom

Q. No. 61 – 65 Carry Two Mark Each

Q. 61 The fuel consumed by a motorcycle during a journey while traveling at various
speeds is indicated in the graph below.

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The distances covered during four laps of the journey are listed in the table
below

Lap Distance Average speed

(kilometers)
(kilometers per
hour)
P 15 15
Q 75 45
R 40 75
S 10 10
From the given data, we can conclude that the fuel consumed per kilometer
was least during the lap
(A) P (B) Q
(C) R (D) S

Q. 62 Three friends, R , S and T shared toffee from a bowl. R took 1/3rd of the
toffees, but returned four to the bowl. S took 1/4th of what was left but
returned three toffees to the bowl. T took half of the remainder but returned two
back into the bowl. If the bowl had 17 toffees left, how many toffees were
originally there in the bowl?
(A) 38 (B) 31
(C) 48 (D) 41

Q. 63 Given that f (y) =

and q is any non-zero real number, the value of
6y @/y
f (q) - f (- q)
is
(B) -1
(A) 0 (D) 2
(C) 1

Q. 64 The sum of n terms of the series 4+44+444+... is

(A) (4/81) [10n +1 - 9n - 1] (B) (4/81) [10n - 1 - 9n - 1]

(C) (4/81) [10n +1 - 9n - (D) (4/81) [10n - 9n - 10]

10]

Q. 65 The horse has played a little known but very important role in the filed of
medicine. Horses were injected with toxins of diseases until their blood build
up immunities. Then a serum was made from their blood. Serums to flight with
diphtheria and tetanus were developed this way.
It can be inferred from the passage that horses were
(A) given immunity to diseases
(B) generally quite immune to diseases
(C) given medicines to flight
(D) given diphtheria and tetanus serums

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SOLUTION

Sol. 1

x3+x2+x+1 =0

x 2(x + 1) + (x - 1) = 0

(x + 1)(x 2 + 1) = 0
or x + 1 = 0 & x =- 1
and x2 + 1 = 0 & x =- j, j

x =- 1, - j, j
Hence (D) is correct option.
Sol. 2

dy
= -3x
dx e
dy = e-3x dx
by integrating, we get

1 -3x
y =- e + K , where K is constant.
3
Hence (A) is correct option.
Sol. 3 The frequency domains equivalent circuit at w = 1 rad/ sec.

Since the capacitor and inductive reactances are equal in magnitude, the net
impedance of that branch will become zero.
Equivalent circuit

Current sin t
i (t) = = (1 sin t) A
1
rms value of current

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1
irms = 2 A

Hence (B) is correct option.

Sol. 4

f (t) = a0 + /3(an cos wt + bn sin nwt)

n=1
• The given function f (t) is an even function, therefore bn = 0
• f (t) is a non zero average value function, so it will have a non-zero value of a0
1 T/2
a = p f (average value of f (t))
0
(t)dt ^T/
2h 0
• an is zero for all even values of n and non zero for odd n
2 T
a = p f (t) cos (nwt) d (wt)
n
T 0
So, fourier expansion of f (t) will have a 0 and a n , n = 1, 3, 5f3
Hence (D) is correct option.
Sol. 5 The armature current of DC shunt motor

Ia = V - a Eb
R
at the time of starting, Eb = 0. If the full supply voltage is applied to the
motor, it will draw a large current due to low armature resistance.
A variable resistance should be connected in series with the armature resistance
to limit the starting current.
A 4-point starter is used to start and control speed of a dc shut motor.
Hence (A) is correct option
Sol. 6 The Back emf will go to zero when field is reduced, so Current input will be
increased. But when Field increases (though in reverse direction) the back emf
will cause the current to reduce.
Hence (B) is correct option.
Sol. 7

Sol. 8 Gain margin is simply equal to the gain at phase cross over frequency (wp ). Phase
cross over frequency is the frequency at which phase angle is equal to -180c.
From the table we can see that +G (jwp) =- 180c, at which gain is 0.5.
GM = 20 log10 e 1 o
G (jwp)
1
= 20 logb l = 6 dB
0

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Phase Margin is equal to 180c plus the phase angle fg at the gain cross
over
frequency (wg ). Gain cross over frequency is the frequency at which gain is unity.
From the table it is clear that
G (jwg) = 1, at which phase angle is -150c
fPM = 180c + +G (jwg)
= 180 - 150 = 30c

Hence (A) is correct option.

Sol. 9 We know that steady state error is given by
sR (s)
ess =s lim
" 0 G s
1+ (
where R (s) " input
G (s) " open loop transfer function
For unit step input
1
R (s) =
s 1
sb l
s
So ess = lim = 0.1
s " 0 1 + G (s)

1 + G (0) = 10
G (0) = 9
Given input r (t) = 10 [m(t) - m(t - 1)]

or 1 1
R (s) = 10 : - e-sD
s s
= 10 :1 - e-s
D
s
So steady state error

el (1 - e-s)
s# s
10
= lim
ss
s" 0 1 + G (s)
10 (1 - e0)
= 1+9
=0
Hence (A) is correct option.
Sol. 10 The compensating coil compensation the effect of impedance of current coil.
Hence (A) is correct option.
Sol. 11

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So, it will act as a Band pass filter.

Sol. 12 Hence (D) is correct option.

The first half of the circuit is a differential amplifier (negative feedback)

Va =- (Vi)
Second op-amp has a positive feedback, so it acts as an schmitt trigger.
Since
Va =- Vi this is a non-inverting schmitt trigger.
Threshold value
VTH 12
= = 6V

VTL =- 26 V

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Hence (D) is correct option.

Sol. 13 Only option C allow bi direction power flow from source to the drive

Hence (C) is correct option.

Sol. 14

Z is Z = 0 where q is around 45c or so.

` Z = Z 45c where Z < 1

Y = Z1 = Z 1 = 1Z -45c
45c
Y > 1 [a Z < 1]

So Y will be out of unity circle.

Hence D is correct option.
Sol. 15 Voltage in time domain

v (t) = 100 2 cos (100pt)

Current in time domain

i (t) = 10 2 sin (100pt + p/4)

by applying the following trigonometric identity

sin (f) = cos (f - 90c)

So, i (t) = 2 cos (100pt + p/4 - p/2)

10

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= 10

In phasor form
2 cos (100pt - p/4)

` I =
10 2 -p/4
2
Sol. 16
Hence (D) is correct option.

Power transferred to the load

P = I 2 RL
10 2
=R
b th + R L
For maximum power transfer Rth , should be minimum.
6R
Rth = =0
6 +
R =0
Note: Since load resistance is constant so we choose a minimum value of Rth
Hence (A) is correct option.
Sol. 17

x (t) = e-t
Laplace transformation
1
X (s) =
s +
y (t) = e-2t
1
Y (s) =
s +
Convolution in time domain is equivalent to multiplication in frequency domain.

z (t) = x (t) ) y (t)

1 1
Z (s) = X (s) Y (s) = b
s+ 1 lb s 2 l
by partial fraction and taking inverse laplace transformation, we get
1 1
Z (s) =
s + -s + 2

` z (t) = e-t - e-2t

Hence (A) is correct option.

Sol. 18 An air-core transformer has linear B -H characteristics, which implies that
magnetizing current characteristic will be perfectly sinusoidal.
Hence (C) is correct option.

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Sol. 19 Negative phase sequence relay is used for the protection of alternators against
unbalanced loading that may arise due to phase-to-phase faults.
Hence (A) is correct option.
Sol. 20 Steady state stability or power transfer capability
E V
Pmax = X

To improve steady state limit, reactance X should be reduced. The stability may
be increased by using two parallel lines. Series capacitor can also be used to get a
better regulation and to increase the stability limit by decreasing reactance.
Hence (C) is correct option.
Sol. 21 Transfer function having at least one zero or pole in RHS of s -plane is called non-
minimum phase transfer function.
s- 1
G (s) =
(s + 2)(s + 3)
• In the given transfer function one zero is located at s = 1 (RHS), so this is a
non- minimum phase system.
• Poles -2, - 3, are in left side of the complex plane, So the system is stable
Hence (B) is correct option.
Sol. 22 Let Z1 = R1 || jwC1
1
so admittance Y1 =
1 = R11 + jwC1
Z2 = RZ2
Z4 = R
4

Let ZX = R X + (Unknown impedance)

jwLX

For current balance condition of the Bridge

Z
Z2 Z4 = Z X Z1 = X
Y1
Let Z X = Z2 Z4 Y1

R X + jwLX = R2 R 4 b + jwC
1l
1 R

by equating imaginary and real parts

RX
= RR
2 R 4
1
and LX = R2 R 4
C1
Quality factor of inductance which is being measured
wLX
Q = = wR 1 C 1
RX
From above equation we can see that for measuring high values of Q we need
a large value of resistance R 4 which is not suitable. This bridge is used for
measuring low Q coils.r
Note: We can observe directly that this is a maxwell’s bridge which is suitable for
low values of Q (i.e. Q <
10) Hence (C) is correct
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Sol. 23 In the alternate mode it switches between channel A and channel B, letting each
through for one cycle of horizontal sweep as shown in the figure.

Hence (C) is correct option.

Sol. 24

Y =X5 X

= X X + XX

= XX + X X

=X+X=1

Hence (A) is correct option.

Sol. 25 Once the SCR start conducting by an forward current, the gate has no control
on it and the device can be brought back to the blocking state only by reducing
the forward current to a level below that of holding current. This process of
turn-off is called commutation. This time is known as the circuit turn-off time of
an SCR. Hence (C) is correct option.
Sol. 26

f 1 = 10x2 sin x1 - 0.8

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f 2 = 10x 2 - 10x cos x - 0.6

2 2 1

Jacobian matrix is given by

R V
2f 1 2f 1
S x10x
1 2 cos 10 sin x1

2 x1W2x2W
J =S => H

for x1 = 0, x2 = S2f 2f 10x2 sin x1 20x2 - 10 cos x1

1 2 2W
S2 2x 2
x1 T W
X
10 0
J=
0 10
> H
Hence (B) is correct option.
Sol. 27

f (x) = 2x - x 2 + 3

f l (x) = 2 - 2x = 0

x=1

f m (x) =- 2
f m (x) is negative for x = 1, so the function has a maxima at x = 1.
Hence (C) is correct option.
Sol. 28

2 (5 # 103)2
Power loss Vrated 20W
Rp
= 1.25 # 106 =
For an parallel combination of resistance and capacitor

tan d =
w 1 =
Cp R p 2p # 50 # # 0.102
1
1.

1
= = 0.025
4
Hence (C) is correct option.
Sol. 29
L
f (t)
F1(s)
f (t - t) L
e-st F1 (s) = F2 (s)
1
G (s) =
F1(s) 2

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F 2 (s) F )(s)

e-st F1 (s) F )(s)1

=F1(s) 2

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= e-sE F1(s) 2 )
"a F1 (s) F (s)
= F (s) 2
F1(s) 2 1 1

= e-st
Taking inverse laplace transform
g (t) = L - 1 [e-st] = d (t -
t) Hence (D) is correct option.
Sol. 30 Let a signal p (x) is uniformly distributed between limits - to +a .
a

Variance
a
s = 2
p p x p (x)1 dx
-a a
= p x : dx 2

-a 2a
3 a
= 1 :x D
2 3 -
3 2
= 2a =a
6 3
It means square value is equal to its variance
2 a 2
prms = sp =
a 3
prms =
3
Hence (A) is correct option.
Sol. 31 Initially
Eb = V - Ia Ra
1

= 220 - 1 # 10 = 210 V
Now the flux is reduced by 10% keeping the torque to be constant, so the current
will be

I a f1 = I a f2
1

f1
Ia = Ia
2 ` f2 = 0.9f1
2
11

= 10 # = 11.11
A 0.

Eb \ Nf

Eb
* Eb = N2 f 2 =
1
2 N1 = N2
0.9
N1 f1
Eb = 0.9Eb = 0.9 # 210
2 1

= 189 V

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Now adding a series resistor R in the armature resistor, we have

Eb = V - Ia (Ra + R)
2

189 = 220 - 11.11 (1 +

R)
R = 1.79 W

Hence (A) is correct option.

Sol. 32 We know that
loss \ P 2
G
loss \ length
Distance of load from G1 is 25 km Distance of load from G2 & G3 is 75 km generally
we supply load from nearest generator. So maximum of load should be supplied
from G1. But G2 & G3 should be operated at same minimum generation.
Hence (A) is correct option.
Sol. 33
2
K bs + l
G (s) = 3
s2(s + 2)
Steps for plotting the root-locus
(1) Root loci starts at s = 0, s = 0 and s =- 2
(2) n > m , therefore, number of branches of root locus b = 3
(3) Angle of asymptotes is given by
(2q + 1) 180c
n- , q = 0, 1

(2 # 0 + 1) 180c
(I) (3 - 1) = 90c

(2 # 1 + 1) 180c
(II) (3 - 1) = 270c

(4) The two asymptotes intersect on real axis at centroid

/ Poles - /Zeroes
x = n- m
2
-2 - b- l
3 2
= =-
3- 1 3
(5) Between two open-loop poles s = 0 and s =- 2 there exist a break away point.
s2(s + 2)

K =-
2
bs + 3l
dK = 0
ds

s =0
Root locus is shown in the figure

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Sol. 34
Three roots with nearly equal parts exist on the left half of s -plane.
Hence (A) is correct option.

LXI D, DISP
POP H
LP : CALL
DAD D SUB LP + 3
When CALL SUB is executed LP+3 value is pushed(inserted) in the stack.
* HL = LP + 3
* HL = HL + DE
= LP + 3 + DE
PUSH H & The last two value of the stack will be HL value i.e, LP + DISP +
3 Hence (C) is correct option.
Sol. 35 Zener Diode is used as stabilizer.
The circuit is assumed to be as

We can see that both BE and BC Junction are forwarded biased. So the BJT is
operating in saturation.
Collector current IC = 12 - 0.2 = 5.36 mA
2.2k
Note:- In saturation mode IC -
bIB
Y
Hence (D) is correct option.
Sol. 36 Maximum current through main thyristor
IM (max) = I0 + Vs C L

0.1 # 10-6
= 10 + 200
1 # 103

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= 12 A
Maximum current through auxiliary thyristor
I A (max) = I0 = 10 A
Hence (A) is correct option.
Sol. 37 We know that matrix A is equal to product of lower triangular matrix L and
upper triangular matrix U .
A = LU
6
only option (D) satisfies @6
the above relation.
Hence (D) is correct option.
Sol. 38 Let the given two vectors are
X 1 = [1, 1, 1]

X 2 = [1, a, a 2]

Dot product of the vectors

R V
1
X $X S W
=X X T
= 81 1 1BS aW = 1 + a + a2
1 1
Sa 2W
Where T X
1 3
a =- +j =1
-2p/3
2 2

so,
1 + a + a2 = X 1, X 2 are orthogonal
0
Note: We can see that X 1, X 2 are not orthonormal as their magnitude is C 1
Hence (B) is correct option.
Sol. 39 The steady state speed of magnetic field
120 # 50
ns = = 1000 rpm
6
Speed of rotor
nr = (1 - S) ns S = 0.05

nr = 0.95 # 1000 = 950

rpm
In the steady state both the rotor and stator magnetic fields rotate in synchronism
, so the speed of rotor field with respect to stator field would be zero.
Speed of rotor which respect to stator field
= nr - ns
= 950 - 1000 =- 50 rpm
None of the option matches the correct answer.

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Sol. 40 Charge

Q = CV ` C= e0eAr d

= e0edr A V
V
= (e0er A)
d
Q = Qmax

Maximum electrical charge on the capacitor

when
V V
= b l = 50 kV/cm
d d max

Thus,

Q = 8.85 # 10-14 # 2.26 # 20 # 40 # 50 # 103

= 8 mC
Hence (C) is correct option.
Sol. 41

h (t) = e-t + e-2t

Laplace transform of h (t) i.e. the transfer function

1 1
H (s) =
s + +s + 2

For unit step inputinput

r (t) = m(t)
1
or R (s) =
s
Output
1 1 1
Y (s) = R (s) H (s) = : + D
s s+1 s+2
By partial fraction
3
Y (s) =
-1 1 - b 1
2s l s + s+2 2
1 Taking inverse laplace
3 -t
e-2t u (t)
y (t) = u (t) - e u (t) -
2 2
= u (t) 61.5 - e-t - 0.5e-
2t
@ Hence (C) is correct option.
Sol. 42 Power angle for salient pole alternator is given by
Vt sin f + Ia Xq
tan d
Vt cos f + Ia Ra
Since the alternator is delivering at rated kVA rated voltage
Ia = 1 pu

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Vt = 1 pu
f = 0c
sin f = 0, cos f = 1
Xq = 1 pu, Xd = 1.2 pu
1 # 0 + 1 (1)
tan d =
1
=1
d = 45c
Hence B is correct option.
1
Sol. 43 4 digit display will read from 000.00 to 199.99 So error of 10 counts is equal to
=!2 0.10 V
For 100 V, the maximum error is
e =! (100 # 0.002 + 0.1)

=! 0.3 V

Percentage error
! 0.3 100
=
# 100

=! 0.3 % of reading
Hence (C) is correct option.
Sol. 44 The admittance diagram is shown below

here
y10 =- 10j, y12 =- y23 = y30 =- 10j
5j, 12.5j,

Note: y23 is taken positive because it is capacitive.

Y11 = y10 + y12

=- 10j - 5j
=- 15j

Y12 = Y21 =- y21 = 5j

Y13 = Y31 =- y13 = 0

Y22 = y20 + y21 + y23

= 0 + (- 5j) + (12.5j)
= 7.5j
Y23 = Y32 =- y23 =-
12.5j Y33 = y30 + y13 + y23

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=- 10j + 0 + 12.5j
= 2.5j
So the admittance matrix is
R V
Y11 Y12
S 21 Y22 YY13W
Y = SY 33
SY Y W
31 32
T Y33
R-15j W
S
X
5j 0 W V
= S 5j 7.5j -12.5jW
S 0 -12.5j 2.5j W
T
Hence (B) is corr ect option. X

Sol. 45 The system may be reduced as shown below

1
Y (s) s (s + 1 + K ) 1
= =2
R (s)
1 + s (s +11 + s + s (1 + K ) + 1
K)
This is a second order system transfer function, characteristic equation is
s2 + s (1 + K) + 1 = 0
Comparing with standard form
s2 + 2xwn s + w2 = 0
n
We get
x= 1+ K
2
Peak overshoot
M p = e-px/ 1-
2
x

So the Peak overshoot is effected by K .

Hence (A) is correct option.
Sol. 46 The characteristics equation of the JK flip-flop is
Qn +1 is the next state
Q n+1 = JQ n + KQ n
From figure it is clear that
J = QB ; K = QB
The output of JK flip flop
QA (n + 1) = QB QA + QB QA
= QB (QA + QA)

= QB
Output of T flip-flop

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QB (n+ 1) = Q A

Clock QA QB QA (n + 1) QB (n + 1)
pulse
Initially(tn ) 1 0 1 0

tn + 1 1 0 1 0

tn + 2 1 0 1 0

tn + 3 1 0 1 0

Hence (C) is correct option.

Sol. 47 We can obtain three operating regions depending on whether the Zener and PN
diodes are forward biased or reversed biased.
1. vi #- 0.7 V, zener diode becomes forward biased and diode D will be off
so the equivalent circuit looks like

The output vo =- 0.7 V

2. When -0.7 1 v i # 5.7, both zener and diode D will be off. The circuit is

Output follows input i.e vo = vi

Note that zener goes in reverse breakdown(i.e acts as a constant battery) only
when difference between its p-n junction voltages exceeds 10 V.
3. When vi > 5.7 V, the diode D will be forward biased and zener remains
off, the equivalent circuit is

vo = 5 + 0.7 = 5.7 V
Hence (C) is correct option.

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Sol. 48

vi = 2 sin (100pt) V
100
Fundamental component of current
ii = 10 2 sin (100pt - p/3) A
Input power factor
1

I 1 (r m s )
pf = cos f1
rms
I
I1(rms) is rms values of fundamental component of current and Irms is the rms
value of converter current.
10
pf = cos p/3
102 + 52 + 22 = 0.44

Hence (C) is correct option.

Sol. 49 Only the fundamental component of current contributes to the mean ac input
power. The power due to the harmonic components of current is zero.
So, Pin = Vrms I1rms cos f1

= 100 # 10 cos p/3

= 500 W
Hence (B) is correct option.
Sol. 50 Power delivered by the source will be equal to power dissipated by the resistor.
P = Vs Is cos p/4

= 1 # 2 cos p/4 = 1 W
Hence (B) is correct option.
Sol. 51

IC = I s - I R L = 2 p/4 - 2 -p/4

= 2 $^cos p/4 + j sin p/4h - ^cos p/4 - j sin p/4h.

= 2 2 j sin p/4

IC = 2j
Hence (D) is correct option.
Sol. 52 For generator G1
X 100
mG = 0.25 # = 0.1 pu
1
2
For generator G2
100
X = 0.10 # = 0.1 pu
1
mG 1

X L = X L = 0.225 # 10 = 2.25 W
For transmission lines L1 and L2
2

2
Zbase = k base 15 # = 2.25 W
MVA base 15
= 100

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:
` X mL (pu) = = 1 pu
2
2.25

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2.25
X mL (pu) = = 1 pu
1
2.25
So the equivalent pu reactance diagram

Hence (A) is correct option.

Sol. 53 We can see that at the bus 3, equivalent thevenin’s impedance is given by
Xth = j0.1 + j1.0 || j0.1 + j1.0
^ h ^ h
= j1.1 || j1.1
= j0.55 pu
Base MVA
Fault MVA =
Xth
100
=0.55 = 181.82 MVA
Hence (D) is correct option.
Sol. 54 Output voltage of 3-phase bridge converter

3 3
V0 = Vph cos a
p
Maximum output

3 3
(V0)max = cos a = 1
p
Vph

= 3 3 # 400 #
3
2
p V
= 540.6
Resistance of filter choke is 10 W, So

(V0)max = E + IR chock
540.6 = 400 + I (10)
I - 14 A
Hence A is correct option.
Sol. 55

kVA rating = 3 6
3 VL IL = # 400 # p # 14

= 7.5 kVA
Hence (D) is correct option.
Sol. 56 Let us assume total voters are 100. Thus 40 voter (i.e. 40 %) promised to vote for
P and 60 (rest 60 % ) promised to vote fore Q.
Now, 15% changed from P to Q (15 % out of 40)

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Changed voter from P to Q

15
# 40 = 6

Now Voter for P 1 - 6=

40
34 Also, 25% changed form Q to P (out of 60%)
Changed voter from Q to P 25 60 = 15
100 #
Now Voter for P 34 + 15 = 49
Thus P P got 49 votes and Q got 51 votes, and P lost by 2 votes, which is
given. Therefore 100 voter is true value.
Hence (A) is correct option.
Sol. 57 The sentence implies that technocrats are counterproductive (negative). Only (C)
can bring the same meaning.
Hence (C) is correct option.
Sol. 58 Periodicity is almost similar to frequency. Gradualness means something
happening with time. Persistency is endurance. Rarity is opposite to frequency.
Hence (B) is correct option.
Sol. 59 Available is appropriate because manipulation of genes will be done when other
treatments are not useful.
Hence (D) is correct option.
Sol. 60 A gladiator performs in an arena. Commutators use trains. Lawyers performs,
but do not entertain like a gladiator. Similarly, teachers educate. Only dancers
performs on a stage.
Hence (A) is correct option.
Sol. 61 Since fuel consumption/litre is asked and not total fuel consumed, only average
speed is relevant. Maximum efficiency comes at 45 km/hr, So least fuel consumer
per litre in lap Q
Hence (B) is correct option.
Sol. 62 Let total no of toffees be x . The following table shows the all calculations.
Friend Bowl Status
x 2x
R = - 4 = +4
3 3

S 1 2x 2x x
= + 4D - = +4- +
3 4: 3 23 6
x x x
= +1- 3= = +6
- 26 6 2

T 1 x x x
= + 6k - = +6- -
2 2a 2 12 4
x x
= +1 = +
4 54

x
Now, + 5 = 17
4
x
or
= 17 - 5 = 12
x4
= 12 # 4 = 48
Hence (C) is correct option.

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Sol. 63

y
f (y) =
y
Now - y
f (- y) = =- f (y)
y
or f (q) - f (- q) = 2f (q) = 2
Hence (D) is correct option.
Sol. 64

4 + 44 + 444 + .............. 4 (1 + 11 + 111 + .......)

4
= (9 + 99 + 999 + ............)
9
= [9( - 1) + (100 - 1) + ........]

4
= [10 (1 + 10 + 102 + 103) - n]
9
= 4 :10 # 10 - 1 - nD
n

9 10
4
= 610 n +1
- 10 - 9n@
8
Hence (C) is correct option.
Sol. 65 Option B fits the sentence, as they built up immunities which helped humans
create serums from their blood.
Hence (B) is correct option.

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Answer Sheet
1. (D) 13. (C) 25. (C) 37. (D) 49. (B) 61. (A)
2. (A) 14. (D) 26. (B) 38. (B) 50. (B) 62. (C)
3. (b) 15. (D) 27. (C) 39. (*) 51. (D) 63. (D)
4. (d) 16. (A) 28. (C) 40. (C) 52. (A) 64. (C)
5. (A) 17. (A) 29. (D) 41. (C) 53. (D) 65. (B)
6. (B) 18. (C) 30. (A) 42. (B) 54. (A)
7. (A) 19. (B) 31. (A) 43. (C) 55. (D)
8. (A) 20. (A) 32. (A) 44. (B) 56. (A)
9. (A) 21. (C) 33. (A) 45. (A) 57. (C)
10. (A) 22. (C) 34. (C) 46. (C) 58. (B)
11. (D) 23. (C) 35. (D) 47. (C) 59. (D)
12. (D) 24. (A) 36. (A) 48. (C) 60. (D)

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