Grade 7
Lesson 1
HEAT
Pre-Assessment Questions:
1. Name the device used to measure temperature.
2. Which of the following is not a source of heat?
a. Friction.
b. Electricity.
c. Sun.
d. A wind chime.
3. What is the normal human body temperature?
4. Celsius is a scale used to measure temperature – State True or False.
Scientific Literacy:
Hot and cold bodies
Temperature
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Sea breeze
Land breeze
WALT:
Laboratory Thermometer:
It can measure the temperature of objects. It consists of a thick-walled fine
bore glass capillary tube. The capillary tube has a small ending bulb. This
bulb and some portion of tube are filled with pure mercury. The stem is
graduated in degrees usually from -10°C to 110°C, so the range of laboratory
thermometer lies between -10°C to 110°C.
Answer the following questions:
1. Differences between clinical thermometer and laboratory
thermometer.
Clinical Thermometer Laboratory Thermometer
Clinical thermometer is scaled It is generally scaled from -10°C
from 35° C to 42° C or from 94°F to 110°C
to 108° F
Mercury level does not fall on its Mercury level falls on its own as
own, as there is a kink near bulb no kink
to prevent the fall of mercury level
Temperature can be read after Temperature is read while
removing the thermometer from keeping the thermometer in the
armpit or mouth source.
To lower the mercury level, jerks No need of jerking to down the
are given. mercury level.
It is used to measure body It is used to measure temperature
temperature. in the laboratory.
Diagram based question:
1. A circular metal loop is heated at point O as shown in figure.
a) In which direction would heat flow?
Ans: Heat will flow in both directions from O to P and O to R.
b) In which order the pins at P, Q and R fixed with the help of wax fall
if points O, P, Q, and R are equidistant from each other?
Ans: First of all, pin at P and R will fall simultaneously after that
pin Q will fall.
2. The mercury doesn’t fall or rise in a clinical thermometer when taken
out of the mouth?
Ans: Because of the kink present in the thermometer, the mercury
doesn’t rise or fall.
3. It is preferred to use 2 thin blankets rather than one thick blanket,
why?
Ans: In case of 2 thin blankets, there is an air gap which doesn’t allow
heat pass out from the body and it is not as such as in case of one
thick blanket.
4. Why is it advised not to hold the thermometer by its bulb while
reading it?
Ans: It is advised not to hold the thermometer bulb while reading as
the level of mercury increases from the actual reading by our body
temperature.
5. Explain the reason for the general fitting of air conditioner at higher
level on the wall of the room.
Ans: Warm is much lighter than cold air. So being heavier, cold air
from air conditioner moves downward while hot air moves upwards
from the lower level and gets cooled and come down again.
6. Ramjas lived in an old house, his father thought of reconstructing the
house. He brought a new house plan design to home to show it to
every family member. Ramjas pointed out that the house lack
ventilators and he is unhappy for that.
a) Are ventilators important? Why?
Ans: Yes, ventilators help circulating fresh air from outside and
taking out stale and warm air from the room.
b) In summer, which colour will you choose to paint outer wall of your
house?
Ans: Lighter colour to reflect most of the heat and keeping house
cool.
c) What value of Ramjas is shown here?
Ans: He is thoughtful, intelligent, health conscious with scientific
aptitude.
HOTS:
1. In a mercury thermometer, the level of mercury rises when its bulb
comes in contact with a hot object. What is the reason for this rise
in the level of mercury?
Ans:
As the temperature increases, then expansion in mercury takes
place which leads to the rise in the level of mercury in
thermometer.
2. Shopkeepers selling ice blocks usually cover them with jute sacks.
Explain why.
Ans:
As we know that jute sacks is thermal insulators, it helps ice not to
be melt immediately. So, shopkeepers used to cover ice blocks with
jute sacks.
3. The radiators in cars are painted black. Explain why.
Ans:
Most car radiators are painted black, this due to it being the most
efficient colour for heat radiation.
4. To keep her soup warm, Paheli wrapped the container in which it
was kept with woollen clothes. Can she apply the same method to
keep a glass of cold drink cool? Give reason for your Answer.
Ans:
Yes, she can apply the same method to keep a glass of cold drink
cool because wool is a thermal insulator, and it cannot allow heat
to pass through it.
Interconversion between temperatures
Problems:
1. Convert 77 F into C
2. Convert 37 C into F
3. Convert 65 C into F
4. Convert 105 F into C
