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BESC1529 Formative Case Material 3B - Main - 2023

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15 views3 pages

BESC1529 Formative Case Material 3B - Main - 2023

Uploaded by

intern1.lighthouse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RMIT

Classifi
Case scenarios for question 1 Formative cation: Assessment 3B
Truste
d
Please find below five research case studies. Each case study can be classified under one of
following research concepts or theories
1. Attribution theory
2. Biopsychosocial model of health
3. Cognitive dissonance
4. Medical disease model of health
5. Prospect refuge theory
6. Self-fulfilling theory
7. Stereotypes/stereotype threat
8. Social comparison theory
9. Stigma
10. Theory of planned behaviour

Note: all concepts are not be represented in this task

In no more than 100 words, match the correct theory/concept with the case study and justify
using a single sentence explanation. A simple table has been provided if you wish to
complete it and upload this to the formative assessment

Case # Theory/concept Single sentence explanation


1 Attribution theory It focuses on how people interpret the causes of behavior
(mass shooting), demonstrating different attributions
between individualistic and collectivistic cultures.
2 Social comparison It emphasizes how individuals compare themselves to
others (societal ideals on social media) and the resulting
emotional and self-perceptual consequences.
3 Medical disease It emphasizes the assumption that psychopathology stems
model of health from biological factors.
4 Cognitive It focuses on the mental discomfort caused by
dissonance inconsistencies between thoughts and behaviors.
5 Theory of planned It explains alcohol consumption by focusing on behavioral
behavior motivation determined by three factors: attitude, subjective
norms, and perceived behavioral control.

Marking rubric
 0.5% for each correct name of research method
 0.5% for each correct explanation
 5% total marks for question 1.
RMIT
Classifi
cation:
Case Study # 1 Truste
d
The theory was formed as a comprehensive explanation of the way
people interpret the basis of behaviours in human interactions. One of the more interesting
aspects has been studies that indicate cultural differences between people of Eastern,
collectivistic societies and Western, individualistic societies. Research has shown that when
dealing with conflict created by other people, individualistic cultures tend to focus on the
individual (that is, how people behave [dispositional or personality influences]), whereas
collectivist cultures blame the overall situation on how people behave (situational factors).
A specific study focussed on the mass shooting perpetrated by a Chinese international student
at an American University. The American group focused on the killer's own internal
problems while the Chinese group focused more on the social [stressful] conditions
associated with living and studying in a foreign country.

Case Study # 2

Researchers examining the negative effects of social media have used this theory. Many
people [but primarily girls and women] are exposed daily to matching themselves to some
form of societal ideal. These researchers have found that females who make these matches
with unrealistically high standards [images of powerful, successful and thin females], make
themselves feel inferior and therefore evoke negative emotions and personal connotations.
Self-perceived similarities with these role models on social media typically have a negative
effect on self-esteem and mental health.

Case Study # 3

The rise of modern scientific medicine during the 19th century had a great impact on the
development of this model. Especially important was the development of the "germ theory"
of disease and the successful development of effective forms of treatment. In psychology this
was further strengthened by the discovery of a biological cause of one form of insanity
[General paresis of the insane]. This model holds the assumption that all forms of
psychopathology is the result of biology, that is to say, a physical/organic problem in brain
structures, neurotransmitters, genetics, the endocrine system etc. This model is useful in these
situations as a guide for diagnosis, prognosis, and research. However, a limitation of this
model is that for most mental disorders, exclusive reliance on this approach leads to an
incomplete understanding, and frequently, to incomplete or ineffective treatment
interventions. Further, most interventions based on this model do not resolve the problem
[treat the cause] but supress behavioural symptoms and thus the requirement for on-going
treatment.
RMIT
Classifi
Case Study # 4 cation:
Truste
This theory explains behaviour and d behaviour change by understanding the
synergistic relationship between thought and actions. For example, in carnivores
[humans who consume meat] there often is a discrepancy between the behaviour of eating
meat and various humane ideals that the person holds. That is, in modern Western societies,
some meat eaters may encounter a conflict between their [meat] eating behaviour and their
affections toward animals. That is, their preferred diet includes meat products, but they also
acknowledge the cruelty of modern intensive farming [battery hens] and the inhumane
treatment of animals in abattoirs. This contradiction leads people to employ various mental
strategies including avoidance, wilful ignorance, dissociation, perceived behavioural change
[adopting a more vegetarian or vegan diet].

Case Study # 5

Alcohol consumption is the third biggest risk to health in developed countries. It leads to
harm from both chronic intake (i.e., long-term, regular, consumption) and acute intake (i.e.,
consuming many alcoholic units in a single session; that is, binge drinking). Thus, it is
important to understand the psychological determinants of alcohol consumption. A model of
human behaviour that has been extensively utilised to predict health-related behaviours such
as alcohol consumption proposes that the most important determinant of behaviour is a
person’s motivation or drive to perform the behaviour. In turn, three variables are identified
as determinants of this drive/motivation:
1. An individual’s positive or negative evaluation of the behaviour.
2. An individual’s perceptions of social approval or disapproval from significant others
for performing the behaviour.
3. An individual’s perceptions of control over their drinking behaviour - in the face of
internal and external barriers.
Studies to evaluate this theory aimed to quantify correlations between these variables and
alcohol consumption. Systematic literature searches identified 40 eligible studies that were
meta-analysed. All the above variables were correlated to alcohol consumption.
Recommendations for future research include targeting these variables in interventions to
reduce alcohol consumption

Three other variables were also assessed in this study:


1. Patterns of consumption – chronic drinking related to no personal control; chronic
drinking related to personal control
2. females reported stronger correlations between variables and drinking alcohol than
males
3. adults reported stronger motivation to consume alcohol than adolescents.

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