01_grmf_assess_guide_u1
01_grmf_assess_guide_u1
Assessment Guide
Module F
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INTRODUCTION
Overview
ScienceFusion provides parallel instructional paths for teaching important science content. You
may choose to use the print path, the digital path, or a combination of the two. The quizzes,
tests, and other resources in this Assessment Guide may be used with either path.
The ScienceFusion assessment options are intended to give you maximum flexibility in
assessing what your students know and what they can do. The program’s formative and
summative assessment categories reflect the understanding that assessment is a learning
opportunity for students, and that students must periodically demonstrate mastery of content in
cumulative tests.
All of these changes, except the last, can be made without invalidating the content correlation of
the item.
You will also find additional assessment prompts and ideas throughout the program, as indicated
on the chart that follows.
Assessment Guide
at thinkcental.com
Online Resources
Student Editions
Teacher Edition
Digital Lessons
ExamView Test
Generator
Formative Assessment
Assessing Prior Knowledge
Engage Your Brain X
Unit Pretest X X X
Embedded Assessment
Active Reading Questions X
Interactivities X
Probing Questions X
Formative Assessment X
Classroom Discussions X
Common Misconceptions X
Learning Alerts X
Embedded Questions and Tasks X
Student Self-Assessments X
Digital Lesson Quiz X
When used primarily for teaching
Lesson Review X X
Lesson Quiz X X X
Alternative Assessment X X
Performance-Based Assessment X
Portfolio Assessment, guidelines X
Summative Assessment
End of Lessons
Visual Summary X X
Lesson Quiz X X X
Alternative Assessment X X X
Rubrics X X
End of Units
Unit Review X X X X
Answers X X X
Test Doctor Answer Explanations X X X
Unit Test A (on level) X X X
Unit Test B (below level) X X X
End of Module
End-of-Module Test X X X
Student Edition
Active Reading Questions and Interactivities Frequent
questions and interactive prompts are embedded in the
text, where they give students instant feedback on their
comprehension. They ask students to respond in different
ways, such as writing, drawing, and annotating the text.
The variety of skills and response types helps all students
succeed, and keeps them interested.
• Call upon students you sense have something to add but who haven’t spoken.
• At the same time, allow reluctant students not to speak unless they choose to.
• Encourage students to respond to each other as well as to you.
Classroom Observation
Classroom observation is one way to gather and record information that can lead to improved
instruction. You’ll find a Classroom Observation Checklist in Assessment Tools, following the
Introduction.
Tips for Classroom Observation
• Don’t try to see and record everything at once. Instead, identify specific skills you will
observe in a session.
• Don’t try to observe everyone at once. Focus on a few students at a time.
• Repeat observations at different times in order to identify patterns. This practice helps
you validate or correct your impressions from a single time.
• Use the checklist as is or modify it to suit your students and your instruction. Fill in
student names across the top and write the date next to the skills you are observing on a
particular day.
• Keep the checklist, add to it, and consult it periodically for hints about strengths,
weaknesses, and developments of particular students and of the class.
• Use your own system of ratings or the simple number code on the checklist. When you
have not seen enough to give a rating, leave the space blank.
Unit Reviews
Each unit in the Student Edition is followed by a Unit Review, also available in this Assessment
Guide. These tests include the item types commonly found on the statewide assessments. You
may want to use these tests to review unit content right away or at any time later in the year to
help students prepare for the statewide assessment. If you wish to give students practice in
filling in a machine-scorable answer sheet, use the bubble-type answer sheet at the start of the
Answer Key.
• The items may relate to the entire lesson content or to just one or two key topics.
Encourage students to select items so that they will hit most key topics in a lesson.
• Share the rubrics and Presentation Guidelines with students so they understand the
expectations for these assignments. You could have them fill in a rubric with their name
and activity choices at the same time they choose their assignments, and then submit the
rubric with their presentation or assignment.
The Presentation Guidelines and the rubrics follow the Introduction. The Answer Key appears at
the end of the book.
End-of-Module Test
The final test in this Assessment Guide is the End-of-Module Review. This is a long-form,
multiple-choice test in the style of the statewide assessments. An Answer Sheet appears with the
review.
Choice 1: _______________________________________________________________________________
Points
Reason for
missing points
Choice 2: _______________________________________________________________________________
Points
Reason for
missing points
Choice 3: _______________________________________________________________________________
Points
Reason for
missing points
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Reason for
missing points
Choice 1: _______________________________________________________________________________
Points
Reason for
missing points
Choice 2: _______________________________________________________________________________
Points
Reason for
missing points
Appetizer: _______________________________________________________________________________
Points
Reason for
missing points
Dessert: _________________________________________________________________________________
Points
Reason for
missing points
Point of View:
Points
Reason for
missing points
Reason for
missing points
Reason for
missing points
Reason for
missing points
Reason for
missing points
Reason for
missing points
Reason for
missing points
Rating Scale
3 Outstanding 1 Needs Improvement
Names of Students
Inquiry Skills
Observe
Compare
Classify/Order
Use Numbers
Communicate
Measure
Predict
Infer
Draw Conclusions
Hypothesize
Experiment
Comments
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My Science Portfolio
What Is in My Portfolio Why I Chose It
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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Pretest
Earth’s Water
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. The table below shows the amounts of different 4. Which of the following is a measure of the
types of surface water on Earth. amount of open spaces between the particles of
Water source Water volume (cubic miles) rock and soil?
Groundwater 5,614,000
Lakes 42,320 A. porosity
Rivers 509 B. saturation
Swamp water 2,752
Based on the table, about how much water is C. permeability
available to provide habitat for wildlife? D. precipitation
A. just over 3,000 cubic miles
5. Some hurricanes originate in the tropical regions
B. nearly 43,000 cubic miles of the Atlantic Ocean or Caribbean Sea, and they
C. about 46,000 cubic miles often travel along the coast of Florida. The
figure below shows a hurricane cloud that
D. close to 6,000,000 cubic miles
formed over the Atlantic Ocean.
2. On an island near the equator, the sun’s energy
causes ocean water to evaporate during the day.
In the afternoon, heavy rains fall. This process is
repeated during the summer months. What does
this example best show?
A. how most water on Earth is in the form of
water vapor
B. how land is the main source of water during the
water cycle
C. how the sun is the main source of energy for
the water cycle
D. how the ocean is large enough that it never Which two processes would have occurred for
runs out of water the hurricane to form over the ocean?
A. freezing and condensation
3. Which term is used to refer to the path that a
river or stream takes? B. evaporation and precipitation
A. divide C. evaporation and condensation
B. channel D. condensation and precipitation
C. gradient
D. tributary
6. If a warm wind passes over snow, the snow can 10. Hydrogen and oxygen are the two elements that
be heated rapidly. When this happens, the snow make up water. Which of the following
can change directly into water vapor without diagrams correctly shows how these elements
first becoming liquid water. What is the correct form a water molecule?
term for this process?
A.
A. melting
B. deposition
C. sublimation
D. evaporation
Lesson Quiz
Water and Its Properties
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. The circle graph below shows the distribution of 4. Which of the following best describes the
water and land on Earth. relationship between developing nations, clean
water, and human health?
A. Many developing nations lack access to clean
water; this can harm human health.
B. Clean water is never available in developing
nations, so human health is always a major
issue there.
C. Human health does not depend on clean
water; health issues in developing nations are
not related to water.
D. Contaminated water and human health is not
a problem in developing nations, but it is a
Which statement best explains the graph? problem in developed nations.
A. A is land, B is fresh water, and C is salt water 5. Why does solid water (ice) float when placed in
B. A is salt water, B is fresh water, and C is land liquid water?
C. A is fresh water, B is land, and C is salt water A. Ice does not float in liquid water.
D. A is salt water, B is land, and C is fresh water B. Ice is less dense than liquid water.
C. Ice is more dense than liquid water.
2. Which of the following is an example of
cohesion? D. The densities of liquid water and ice are the
A. water transforming into vapor same.
Lesson Quiz
The Water Cycle
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Which process changes water into a gaseous 4. Within which type of water body does water
state? move the slowest?
A. deposition A. river
B. sublimation B. cloud
C. precipitation C. ocean
D. condensation D. groundwater
2. A weather report stated that rain was likely with 5. A river flowing downhill transports matter
some snow and hail also possible. Which toward its base. Matter can be dissolved in the
statement is not true about rain, snow, and hail? water or can be in the form of sediment. Which
A. They all form in clouds. form of matter would be dissolved in the water?
Lesson Quiz
Surface Water and Groundwater
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following is used to calculate a 4. Which type of soil can retain the greatest
stream’s discharge? amount of water?
A. the distance its water travels over time A. one that has low porosity
B. the volume of water that flows over time B. one that has high porosity
C. the amount of sediment it carries over time C. one that has low permeability
D. the amount of dissolved minerals it carries D. one that has high permeability
over time
5. Which of the following characteristics of a
2. The groundwater in a certain area is being pumped watershed would act to reduce erosion?
out to provide drinking water. What must happen A. large floodplain areas
for the water table to remain unchanged?
B. soil with a high porosity
A. The rate of discharge must equal the rate of
C. a large number of lakes
recharge.
D. channels with a steep gradient
B. The rate of discharge must be less than the
rate of recharge.
C. The rate of discharge must be greater than the
rate of recharge.
D. The rate of discharge must fluctuate less than
the rate of recharge.
Alternative Assessment
Water and Its Properties
Mix and Match: Water Profile
Mix and match ideas to show what you've learned about water and its properties.
1. Work on your own, with a partner, or with a small group.
2. Choose one information source from Column A, two topics from Column B, and one option from
Column C. Check your choices.
Alternative Assessment
The Water Cycle
Points of View: The Water Cycle
Your class will work together to show what you’ve learned
about the water cycle from several different viewpoints.
1. Work in groups as assigned by your teacher. Each group will be assigned to one or two viewpoints.
Examples List examples of three things transported by the water cycle. Describe how they
are transported.
Illustrations Draw a diagram that shows the water cycle. In your drawing, include at least
two examples of ways water changes state during the cycle. Share your drawing with the class.
Analysis Describe the three processes by which water moves into the atmosphere. Which
process accounts for most of the water moving into the atmosphere?
Alternative Assessment
Surface Water and Groundwater
Points of View: Surface Water
Your class will work together to show what you’ve learned about surface water from several
different viewpoints.
1. Work in groups as assigned by your teacher. Each group will be assigned to one or two viewpoints.
Vocabulary Make a word wall on the bulletin board that includes vocabulary terms related
to surface water. Write the definition of each term on different-colored cards. Use arrows to
show interrelationships among the words.
Examples Use a video camera to record examples of surface water in your area. Include a
narration that identifies the bodies of water and describes how they are replenished by the
water cycle.
Illustrations Draw an illustration of a watershed. Label the watershed, divide, main river
channel, and tributaries. Include captions that describe the parts of your watershed.
Analysis You are a hydrologist, a scientist who studies water systems. You have been asked
to analyze the factors that affect the flow of a local stream. Write a brief report describing how
plants, soil type, and topography affect stream flow.
Calculations You've been asked to help develop a water conservation plan at school.
Research or estimate how much water is used for common activities, such as drinking, cooking,
cleaning, flushing toilets, and landscaping. Create a plan that reduces current water usage by at
least 20 percent.
Models Use a stream table to model the processes of erosion and deposition in river systems.
Put sand or other sediments into the stream table. Record your observations of how the
sediments are eroded and deposited at the mouth of your model river.
Performance-Based
Observing Transpiration Assessment Teacher Notes
Purpose In this activity, students will observe how plants release water into the atmosphere.
Time Period 15 minutes on Day 1, 5 minutes each day on Days 2–4, 15 minutes on Day 5
Preparation Set up each activity station with the necessary materials. Use green, leafy plants
for this experiment.
Safety Tips Have students review all safety icons before beginning this activity. Spilled water
is a slipping hazard. Have paper towels ready to clean up any spills. Plants should be handled
with care.
Teaching Strategies This activity works best with individual students, however if materials are
scarce, it can be completed in pairs or small groups of three.
Scoring Rubric
Performance-Based
Observing Transpiration Assessment
Objective
In this activity, you will observe how plants add water to the atmosphere through transpiration.
Safety Information
• Wipe up spills immediately. Spilled water is a slipping hazard.
• Be careful when handling glass. Inform your teacher immediately if any glass breaks.
• Plants are living organisms. Use caution and care when handling plants.
Procedure
1. Place the plastic bag over the plant. Secure the bag in place with the twist tie. Place the plant in a sunny
spot. Draw what you observe on a separate sheet of paper.
2. Water the plant every day for 5 days. Record your observations.
Day Observation
1
2
3
4
5
3. Draw what the plant looks like on Day 5 on a separate sheet of paper.
4. Remove the plastic bag, being careful not to spill any of the contents in the bag. Carefully pour the
contents of the bag into a graduated cylinder.
Analysis
5. What did the bag contain on Day 5?
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9. What would have happened if you did not water the plant regularly? Where do plants in nature get their
water from?
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Unit Review
Unit 1: Earth's Water
Vocabulary
Fill in each blank with the term that best completes the following sentences.
1. Water is a ________________________ molecule because its hydrogen atoms have a small positive
charge and its oxygen atom has a small negative charge.
3. The continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, the land, the oceans, and living things is
4. Any form of water that falls to Earth’s surface from the clouds is called ________________________.
Key Concepts
Read each question below, and circle the best answer.
6. A glass of ice water is shown below before and after it reaches room temperature.
Which of the following correctly explains something that occurred in the time between these two images?
A. The ice cubes expanded in volume as they melted into liquid water.
B. As water vapor condensed on the glass, it absorbed energy.
C. The water droplets outside the glass absorbed energy as they evaporated.
D. Some liquid water inside the glass sublimated into water vapor in the air.
7. Which of these circle graphs most correctly shows the approximate proportions of fresh water and salt
water on the surface of the earth?
8. Which of the following is not a way that water reaches Earth’s atmosphere?
A. condensation C. sublimation
B. evaporation D. transpiration
9. Which of the following correctly explains why icebergs float in the ocean?
A. Ice is less dense than liquid water because water contracts when it freezes, filling in open space
between molecules.
B. Ice is less dense than liquid water because there is more open space between molecules in ice than in
liquid water.
C. Ice is more dense than liquid water because there is less open space between molecules in ice than in
water.
D. Water is a polar molecule, so the net positive electrical charges in the water repel the net positive
electrical charges inside the iceberg.
10. A certain percentage of water that falls to Earth’s surface as precipitation each year does not immediately
return to the water cycle. Which of the following is the best explanation as to what happens to most of
this water?
A. The water falls into the ocean, where it evaporates back into the atmosphere.
B. The water is stored as snow and ice on the Earth’s surface.
C. The water molecules are broken down into hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
D. The water is absorbed and used by plants.
11. Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the flow of water through watersheds?
A. A watershed can be fed by groundwater.
B. The boundary separating two watersheds is called a divide.
C. Plant life often alters the flow of water in a watershed by causing erosion.
D. The gradient of the land can affect the flow of water through a watershed.
12. Which of the following is the name for all the materials carried by a stream other than the water itself?
A. discharge C. gradient
B. flow D. stream load
Critical Thinking
Answer the following questions in the space provided.
13. Give two examples of the importance of water to human activities, explaining how the water is used.
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14. The diagram below shows the changes among the three states of water.
Fill in each of the three blank lines with the correct term for the change of state shown by the arrows. In
the key, circle the correct word to show whether water absorbs or releases energy in the changes of state
shown by that type of arrow.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Lessons 1, 2, and 3
Answer the following question in the space provided.
15. Describe what happens to a molecule of water as it moves through the water cycle along any path you
choose. Be sure to mention the movement of the water molecule, any changes of state, and the absorption
or release of energy.
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Unit Review 15 Module F • Assessment Guide
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1
Name ______________________________________ Date _________ Edit File
Unit Test A
Earth’s Water
Key Concepts
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. As water changes state, the water either absorbs or releases energy. Which of these changes of state
would involve water absorbing energy?
A. condensation
B. deposition
C. evaporation
D. freezing
2. Bryan is doing a science experiment on the stomata of plants. He wants to study how tomato plants are
involved in the water cycle. What is the main role of plants in the water cycle?
A. They take in water from the air.
B. They release water vapor into the air.
C. They provide a surface for condensation.
D. They store water in their stems and leaves.
3. On a cold morning, Pierre observed that the grass looked wet. The picture below shows what Pierre
observed.
4. Which statement correctly identifies how solid water is different from liquid water?
A. In solid water the molecules are farther apart.
B. Only in solid water are the molecules not polar.
C. In solid water the molecules are closer together.
D. Only in solid water do the molecules lack spaces between them.
5. Which of the following is the best example of how the water cycle carries on energy transfer?
A. a flooding river depositing silt on a floodplain
B. a warm ocean current warming the air above it
C. ocean water depositing sand particles on a shore
D. water seeping through the soil and dissolving salts
6. River processes have a great impact on the land surface. Which of the following is ordered from smallest
to largest?
A. tributaries, rivers, river systems
B. tributaries, river systems, rivers
C. rivers, tributaries, river systems
D. river systems, tributaries, rivers
7. Which example of water’s importance on Earth most directly relates to the economic health of developing
countries?
8. The diagram below shows a side view of several layers of rock below Earth’s surface.
Which rock layer would be recharged more quickly than the others?
A. Layer I
B. Layer II
C. Layer III
D. Layer IV
9. Water moves under Earth’s surface to fill in open spaces in rocks or soil. What is this type of water
called?
A. watershed
B. water table
C. groundwater
D. surface water
10. How does the property of cohesion affect the way liquid water behaves?
A. Water forms droplets whenever possible.
B. When water freezes, it becomes less dense.
C. Water retains heat longer than other substances do.
D. When water vaporizes, it stores more energy than liquid water stores.
Critical Thinking
Answer the following questions in the space provided.
13. The diagram below shows a water molecule.
Explain how the diagram shows that water is made up of polar molecules.
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Extended Response
Answer the following questions in the space provided.
14. The diagram below shows an area of land near an ocean.
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Unit Test B
Earth’s Water
Key Concepts
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. As water changes state, the water either absorbs or releases energy. Which of these answers is a process
that releases energy?
A. ice subliming
B. snow melting
C. lake water freezing
D. ocean water evaporating
2. Bryan is doing a science experiment on the stomata of plants. Bryan has a tomato plant. He uses wax to
cover all the stomata on the leaves of the plant. After five days, Bryan observes that the plant is wilting.
What is the best explanation for Bryan’s observation?
A. The plant released too much water into the air.
B. The plant was unable to carry out transpiration.
C. Condensation could not occur on the leaves of the plant.
D. The plant was unable to take in water through its leaves.
3. On a cold morning, Pierre observed that the grass looked wet. The picture below shows what Pierre
observed.
Which process occurred when the water droplets formed on the grass?
A. deposition
B. sublimation
C. evaporation
D. condensation
4. Which statement correctly describes a difference between gaseous and liquid water?
A. Only liquid water takes the shape of its container.
B. Only water vapor takes the shape of its container.
C. Only liquid water expands to fill the available space.
D. Only water vapor expands to fill the available space.
5. During the day, water from the ocean is transferred to the atmosphere. Which of the following describes
the energy change that takes place during the transfer?
A. Energy is transported from the atmosphere to the ocean, which makes the ocean cooler.
B. Energy is transported from the atmosphere to the ocean, which makes the ocean warmer.
C. Energy is transported from the ocean to the atmosphere, which makes the atmosphere cooler.
D. Energy is transported from the ocean to the atmosphere, which makes the atmosphere warmer.
6. River processes have a great impact on the land surface. Which of the following carries the greatest
amount of water?
A. river
B. stream
C. tributary
D. river system
7. Which is an example of water’s importance that directly relates to the health of people living in
developing countries?
A. Most of Earth’s water is in the form of salt water.
B. Every living organism on Earth is made up partly of water.
C. Water that is contaminated causes diseases in people who drink it.
D. Water has a much higher heat capacity than other substances have.
8. The diagram below shows a side view of several layers of rock below Earth’s surface.
9. Water moves under Earth’s surface to fill open spaces. What is the top of this underground water called?
A. watershed
B. water table
C. groundwater
D. surface water
12. Which of the following would increase the effect of erosion in a watershed?
A. floodplains
B. steep slope
C. lack of soil
D. abundant plant life
Critical Thinking
Answer the following questions in the space provided.
13. The diagram below shows a water molecule.
Draw an identical water molecule next to the one in the diagram to show how two water molecules would
arrange themselves. Which property of water does this show?
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Extended Response
Answer the following questions in the space provided.
14. The diagram below shows an area of land near an ocean.
Describe two ways that rainwater that falls on the land could be transported to the ocean without first
entering the atmosphere.
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