Social issues

Introduction

“social issues” The term refers to a problem that affects many people within a society. It is a
group of common problems in present-day society and ones that many people strive to
solve. It is often the consequence of factors extending beyond an individual's control.Social
issues are a cause of conflicting opinions on what is perceived morally correct or incorrect.
We all face a number of social issues in our daily life . the objective of this project is to bring
light to the social issues faced by the ADOLESCENT POPULATION.

Mental illness can strike anyone at any time in their life. In fact, more than 350 million people
across the world – of all ages and from all communities – suffer from depression. But half of
all mental illness begins by the age of 14, according to the World Health Organization
(WHO).

It is also commonly believed the

There are a many types of social issues that an Adolescent can face. Some of them are:-

1)peer pressure refers to The pressure to conform (to do what others are doing) can be powerful
and hard to resist. A person might feel pressure to do something just because others are doing it (or
say they are). Peer pressure can influence a person to do something that is relatively harmless — or
something that has more serious consequences. Peer pressure or the desire to impress their peers
can override a teen or tween's fear of taking risks.

A very common classroom example of peer pressure which everyone including the teachers see is
when a student has done his/her homework but the majority of the class hasn’t the student is
pressurized into not submitting the home work done.
This is a completely harmless example but it shows how effective peer pressure is that a student
ignores its own hard work

Why do teenagers fall for peer pressure? Is one of the main questions posed by the adults of todays
generation. To concretely understand “why?” one has to understand that a teenager is going through
multiple changes both mentally and physically and at this time if someone purposefully excludes the
adolescent the adolescent may have thoughts of being socially unacceptable and everyone not just
adolescents at all times need someone to be there to support them and friends are specially
important at the time that parents are not able to provide that support.
Things people may be peer pressured into doing include:-

 Acting aggressively (common among men)

 Bullying others
 Doing drugs
 Dressing a certain way
 Drinking alcohol
 Engaging in vandalism or other criminal activities
 Physically fighting
 Only socializing with a certain group

The first step toward helping a adolescent free from peer pressure is not blaming the Adolescent as
it may cause them to get even more troubled. Then telling the Adolescent gently on how the actions
might affect their future and telling them that one thing cannot define them and their self worth.

2)bullying refers to when people repeatedly and intentionally use words or actions against someone
or a group of people to cause distress and risk to their wellbeing. These actions are usually done by
people who have more influence or power over someone else, or who want to make someone else
feel less powerful or helpless.

Teenagers because of the changes in their body may feel weird about themselves some people or
peers pick on these insecurities and try to humiliate and bully the teenager

But why would a peer bully a teenager? We live in a world where an emphasis is placed on power and
getting as much of it as possible. Unfortunately, there are many individuals who internalize this and believe
that using aggressive behaviour to knock other people down is the most effective way to build themselves
up. This is especially common when students are targeted in school bullying or in various social circles
involving peers . this means that bullying has more to do with the bully’s mental well being

Bullying can affect the way a teenager thinks about themselves and others drastically. when bullied to an
extent the victim can escape through harmful habits and it may lead to thoughts about suicide. According
to studies by Yale University, victims of bullying are between 2 to 9 times more likely to consider
suicide than non-victims. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for people aged 15-24in the
United States.

3) addiction Growing up can be difficult. Oftentimes, adolescents are curious,

stressed, emotional, and looking for ways to escape boredom. Adolescents are
also more likely to experiment with substances due to the way the brain
develops.

Sometimes, when given the opportunity, they’ll find an escape through drugs
and/or alcohol. While substance use might fit the bill in the moment, it can lead
to long-term struggles, including addiction.
There are a lot of things Adolescents can get addicted to mainly these things are
Alcohol , drugs and vaping. Vaping is especially common among adolescents
nowadays. But why do adolescents indulge in such behaviour

Adolescents can get addicted to many things usually they are Alcohol,
drugs ,smoking/vaping, caffine etc

When an adolescent is addicted to these substances getting rid of the addiction iis
hard but not impossible, most of these addictions start with an unhealthy
enviorment at home or at school so a change of enviorment is definenetly a start
to quitting addiction . Adolescents trying to quit must be encouraged and taught
that their addiction is valid and is not the only thing that makes them .The people
who love them will be here for them always

4) Lack of sleep- Sleep research suggests that a teenager needs between eight and
10 hours of sleep every night but most teenagers only get about 6.5-7.5 hours sleep
per night a teen's body clocks naturally shift to make them feel tired later in the
evening, but early school starts do not enable them to sleep in the mornings .Chronic
sleep deprivation can have dramatic effects on a teenager’s life, including affecting
their mental wellbeing and reducing their academic performance at school. Smart
phones and other devices used around bed time reduce sleep time also avoiding
stimulants such as coffee, tea, soft drinks and energy drinks in the evening can help
to promote better sleep.

Self harm is an action of harming oneself.Their ar many causes to this it mainly happens
with adolescents with depression and anxiety. The urge to harm themselves can come up
due to overly stressing situations. One of the signs is extreme fidgeting. We can help
adolescents with self harm by making them understand that they are not alone and they will
get through the difficult situation.

Refleting telescope

The reflecting telescope was invented in the 17th century by Isaac Newton as an alternative
to the refracting telescope which, at that time, was a design that suffered from
severe chromatic aberration. Although reflecting telescopes produce other types of optical
aberrations, it is a design that allows for very large diameter objectives. Almost all of the
major telescopes used in astronomy research are reflectors. Many variant forms are in use
and some employ extra optical elements to improve image quality or place the image in a
mechanically advantageous position. Since reflecting telescopes use mirrors, the design is
sometimes referred to as a catoptric telescope.

A curved primary mirror is the reflector telescope's basic optical element that creates
an image at the focal plane. The distance from the mirror to the focal plane is called
the focal length. Film or a digital sensor may be located here to record the image, or
a secondary mirror may be added to modify the optical characteristics and/or redirect
the light to film, digital sensors, or an eyepiece for visual observation.

The primary mirror in most modern telescopes is composed of a solid

glass cylinder whose front surface has been ground to
a spherical or parabolic shape. A thin layer of aluminum is vacuum deposited onto
the mirror, forming a highly reflective first surface mirror.

Nearly all large research-grade astronomical telescopes are reflectors. There are
several reasons for this:

Reflectors work in a wider spectrum of light since certain wavelengths are absorbed when
passing through glass elements like those found in a refractor or in a catadioptric telescope.

In a lens the entire volume of material has to be free of imperfection and inhomogeneities,
whereas in a mirror, only one surface has to be perfectly polished.

Light of different wavelengths travels through a medium other than vacuum at different
speeds. This causes chromatic aberration. Reducing this to acceptable levels usually
involves a combination of two or three aperture sized lenses
(see achromat and apochromat for more details). The cost of such systems therefore scales
significantly with aperture size. An image obtained from a mirror does not suffer from
chromatic aberration to begin with, and the cost of the mirror scales much more modestly
with its size.

There are structural problems involved in manufacturing and manipulating large-aperture

lenses. Since a lens can only be held in place by its edge, the center of a large lens will sag
due to gravity, distorting the image it produces. The largest practical lens size in a refracting
telescope is around 1 meter.[17] In contrast, a mirror can be supported by the whole side
opposite its reflecting face, allowing for reflecting telescope designs that can overcome
gravitational sag. The largest reflector designs currently exceed 10 meters in diameter.

Gregorian
The Gregorian telescope, described by Scottish astronomer and mathematician James
Gregory in his 1663 book Optica Promota, employs a concave secondary mirror that reflects
the image back through a hole in the primary mirror. This produces an upright image, useful
for terrestrial observations.

Newtonian
The Newtonian telescope was the first successful reflecting telescope, completed by Isaac
Newton in 1668. It usually has a paraboloid primary mirror but at focal ratios of about f/10 or
longer a spherical primary mirror can be sufficient for high visual resolution. A flat secondary
mirror reflects the light to a focal plane at the side of the top of the telescope tube. It is one
of the simplest and least expensive designs for a given size of primary, and is popular
with amateur telescope makers as a home-build project.\
James webb space telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the largest and most powerful
space telescope to date.

NASA's infrared space observatory, launched on Dec 25, 2021, from ESA's
launch site at Kourou in French Guiana, at 7:20 a.m. EST (1220 GMT; 9:20
a.m. local time in Kourou), aboard an Arianespace Ariane 5 rocket.
The $10 billion James Webb Telescope is probing the cosmos to uncover
the history of the universe from the Big Bang to exoplanet formation and
beyond. It is one of NASA's Great Observatories, huge space instruments
that include the likes of the Hubble Space Telescope that peer deep into
the universe.
It took 30 days for the JWST to travel nearly a million miles (1.5 million
kilometers) to its permanent home: Lagrange point 2 — a gravitationally
stable location in space. The telescope arrived at L2, the second sun-Earth
Lagrange point on Jan. 24, 2022.
L2 is a spot in space near Earth that lies opposite the sun; this orbit allows
the telescope to stay in line with Earth as it orbits the sun. It has been a
popular spot for several other space telescopes, including the Herschel
Space Telescope and the Planck Space Observatory.

Keck telescope

The twin Keck Observatory telescopes sit atop Maunakea on Hawai’i, and are the world’s most
scientifically productive optical and infrared telescopes. Each telescope weighs 300 tons and
operates with nanometer precision. The telescopes’ primary mirrors are 10-meters in diameter
and are each composed of 36 hexagonal segments that work in concert as a single piece of
reflective glass.

The W. M. Keck Foundation funded both the original Keck I telescope and six years later, its
twin, Keck II. The project was managed by the University of California and the California Institute
of Technology. The Keck I telescope began science observations in May 1993; Keck II saw first
light in October 1996. In 1996, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) joined
as a one-sixth partner in the Observatory.

Celestron star sense explorer LT 114AZ

Unleash the power of your smartphone to take you on a guided tour of the
night sky—no telescope experience required.

Award-winning and patented StarSense sky recognition technology uses your

smartphone to analyze star patterns overhead and calculate its position in
real time.
StarSense Explorer Powered by SkySafari™ app automatically generates a list
of objects currently visible. View planets, brighter nebulae and galaxies, star
clusters, and double stars from the city. Or take your telescope to darker
skies to view faint, deep sky objects.

Manual altazimuth mount with altitude slow motion adjustment with a sliding
rod makes it easy to follow the on-screen arrows to your desired target.
When the bullseye turns green, it’s ready to view in the telescope’s eyepiece.

114mm (4.5”) Newtonian reflector with highly reflective coatings and enough
light gathering ability to view all the best celestial objects.

Includes 25mm and 10mm eyepieces, 2x Barlow Lens, StarSense smartphone

dock, a red dot finderscope (in case you want to use the telescope without
your phone), and a full-height tripod.

Orion starblast 4.5 astro reflector telescope

Compact grab-and-go telescope designed for entry-level and intermediate astronomy
enthusiasts

Substantial 4.5" aperture and fast f/4 focal ratio provides bright, detailed views of
solar system targets like the Moon and planets, as well as wide-field celestial objects
like nebulas and star clusters

Low-profile swivel base ships pre-assembled, provides smooth altazimuth motion for
easy manual targeting and tracking of celestial objects

Includes 20mm (22.5x power) and 10mm (for 45x power) 4-element eyepieces,EZ
Finder II aiming device, eyepiece rack, glare-reducing Moon filter, and Orion's
MoonMap 260

Weighs just 10.9 lbs fully assembled, and stands 21" tall when aimed at the zenith

Hhale ntelescope

The Hale Telescope is a 200-inch (5.1 m), f/3.3 reflecting telescope at the Palomar
Observatory in San Diego County, California, US, named after astronomer George
Ellery Hale. With funding from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1928, he orchestrated
the planning, design, and construction of the observatory, but with the project ending
up taking 20 years he did not live to see its commissioning. The Hale was
groundbreaking for its time, with double the diameter of the second-
largest telescope, and pioneered many new technologies in telescope mount design
and in the design and fabrication of its large aluminum coated "honeycomb"
low thermal expansion Pyrex mirror.[1] It was completed in 1949 and is still in active
use.

The Hale Telescope represented the technological limit in building large optical
telescopes for over 30 years. It was the largest telescope in the world from its
construction in 1949 until the Soviet BTA-6 was built in 1976, and the second largest
until the construction of the Keck Observatory Keck 1 in Hawaii in 1993.
The project talks about how adolescents go through real life struggles and issues the first issue talked
about was Peer Pressure which is a common practice most teenagers fall for and the harmful effects
and causes of peer pressure. Next topic was bullying which is another common issue faced by
adolescents and how bullying can affect their self esteem and the way adolescents express
themselves. Addiction was another problem faced by many adolescents around the world this can be
a cause of peer pressure of the enviorment they are surrounded by. Next thing this project talked
about was Harmful habits that Adolescents might get into due to various reasons , the harmful habits
discussed were – social media addiction , Lack of sleep/irregular sleeping patterns,Self Harm and
Eating disorders .In conclusion Adolescents too go through many different challenges in life and need
to be helped as they are the future of the world.