Chapter 7

Life-its Dignity
and Value

Gianna Beretta Molla is a Catholic, Pro-life saint. She was a simple but significant
messenger of divine love. Following the example of Christ, who “having loved his own who were in
the world, he loved them to the end” (Jn 13:1), this mother of a family remained heroically faithful
to the commitment she made on the day of her marriage. The extreme sacrifice she sealed with
her life testifies that those who have courage to give of themselves totally to God and to others are
able to lead a life of fulfillment.
Gianna was born in Milan (Italy), in 1922 (October 04). She received Christian education
and she willingly accepted the gift of faith. She experienced life as a marvelous gift of God. After
earning degree in medicine and surgery, she opened a medical clinic. She specialized in
Pediatrics and gave attention to mothers, babies, the elderly and the poor. Gianna Beretta
considered the field of medicine a 'mission' and rendered generous service. With simplicity and
equilibrium, she harmonized the demands of a mother, wife, doctor and her passion for life.
In 1961 during her pregnancy, she developed a fibroma in uterus. She was conscious of
the risk to her continued pregnancy. But she pleaded with the surgeon, to save life of the child she
was carrying. A few days before the child was due, although trusting in God's providence, she was
ready to give her life to save the child. “If you must decide between mother and the child, do not
hesitate; choose the child …' she told. Despite all efforts and treatments to save both of them, in
the morning of April 28, 1962, in untold pain and after repeated exclamation of 'Jesus, I love you',
the mother died'.
Conscious immolation, was the phrase used by Pope Paul VI, to define the act of Gianna.
A young mother from the diocese of Milan, who, to give life to her daughter, sacrificed her own.
Gianna was beatified on 24April 1994, during the International year of Family and
canonized by Pope John Paul II as a saint, on 16th May 2004. St. Gianna is the patron saint for

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mothers, physicians and unborn children.
By her example, we should rediscover the pure, chaste beauty of conjugal love, lived as a
response to divine call. We learn how to place ourselves at the service of each person we meet
within family and professional lives and thus grow in love and holiness, acknowledging the worth
and dignity of human life.
Life- Gift of God
Life is a mystery and gift of God. The very purpose of life makes this world most vibrant.
Human life is sacred as it involves the creative action of God. It remains forever in a special
relationship with the Creator. God alone is the Lord of life. No one, can under any circumstance,
claim the right to destroy an innocent human being. If only we understand the greatness and true
worth of life, we will be able to value and protect life and become promoter of the same. Life is a
unique gift of God. There are many theories of life. Science tells living matter originated from water
and man is the result of evolution. The theory of evolution claims that the earth had changed since
its creation. Our universe has proved to be in a constant change and progressive development.
This theory further tells that life originated on earth after millions of years long, constant evolution-
process. In the background of the Bible, we, the Christians believe that God has created life. He is
the only source and end of life. Both science and Bible tell that the theory of the origin of life shall
not be taken as contradictory. The Bible gives the answer to the question as to who has created
life. The subject of study on the origin of life under science is how life developed. Therefore, the
studies presented by both the Bible and science will help us to understand more and more about
the value and sanctity of life.
Life is a blessing (Wis. 4:8-9). Though science and religion study the reality at different
levels they are concerned with the same thing. Einstein said, “Science without religion is
dangerous. Religion without Science is blind.” Religion prevents science from falling into
materialism and moral nihilism. Both science and Bible will have to help to be more aware on the
greatness of life and the need of promoting the same. This study will also make us conscious of
our responsibility to protect the nature and every form of life – the flora and fauna, environment,
etc. Both science and religion are complementary and not contradictory.
A culture which doesn't encourage to respect and protect life will pose a vital threat to the
very existence of life. All the creatures, created by God have a right to exist, survive and grow to its
fullness.
Dignity of Man
There is something special and holy about human life. Man is the crown of creation.
Human life is different, because we share something of the nature of God. “God breathed into his
nostrils the breath of life” (Gen. 2:7). Genesis also says that man is made in the image and
likeness of God.” So “God created humankind in His image; in the image of God he created them

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…” (Gen 1:27). This means that people in some way, are the reflection of God. In humans
something of God himself can be seen. Man is different from other forms of life. Man is created
with indestructible soul which lives after the body had died (Ps. 139:13-16). So man is given the
honour and sanctity to partake directly in the divine life. That's the cause of his dignity and value.
Hence life is sacred. Animals do not have souls, no reasoning or thinking power although they
deserve to be treated with kindness and respect.
As God loves each person, whether new born, elderly, healthy, sickly, all are members in
the same society and are in need of our care. The greatness and dignity of man is revealed to the
world with the incarnation of Jesus, the beloved Son of God. Man became more aware that he is
called to be the child of God.
When the image and likeness of God in man was tarnished due to sin, Jesus came to
redeem man from this lost sanctity through his saving acts by sacrificing his life on the cross. He
has brought greater glory to human body by his resurrection from the dead. He gave us a share in
his glorious resurrection. By sharing the divine life with man, God has implanted in him a great
responsibility – to give life and the duty to protect life and do all that is possible to flourish this
divine gift of life.
th
God has revealed his mind in the 5 commandment, “You shall not kill.” This
commandment forbids causing harm to life, directly or indirectly. The great responsibility to protect
life is entrusted to humans by God Himself. God has very strongly conveyed His message to
protect life when he questioned Cain, “Where is your brother Abel?” (Gen. 4:9). We shall keep in
mind that any threat to life, whether serious or not is a grave violation of divine commitment. In any
given circumstance and at any place, we are bound to protect and respect life.
Respect for Life
Respect shown to human life is indeed the respect given to God, our Creator and end of
life. It is the will of God that we respect human life, irrespective of caste, creed or nation. All are
human beings worthy of our respect whether they are sick, disabled or marginalized. Anyone who
suffers disability is also created by God - a human being of dignity and sanctity! Disability doesn't
lessen his humanity. They deserve our special care and protection. It will be a grave sin to neglect
those who are disabled, invalid or aged.
There are many opportunities for us to become 'keepers' and protectors of our brethren,
neighbours and needy fellowmen. We shall try to become protectors of life with due respect and
concern towards others. Saints like, Maximilian Kolbe, Fr. Damien, Gianna Beretta, Blessed
Mariyam Thresia and others became saints and people respected them as they were people who
cared and safeguarded lives of others. They were inspired by the teachings of Jesus, “No one has
greater love than this, to lay down one’s life for one’s friends” (Jn 15:13).

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 Challenges against Life
There are many circumstances which raise challenges, threatening the quality and very
existence of human life. On the one hand, we find people running after comforts and luxuries,
offered and facilitated by the scientific and technological developments. On the other hand, we
can see man submitting himself easily to inordinate desires, growing tensions of families,
terrorism, and exploitation of religious sentiments. Due to all these evil tendencies and lust for
luxuries and greed we witness many precious lives being lost, day by day, in the midst of the race
of power.
In this century, destructive circumstances are growing, supported and encouraged by
various and different challenging elements of life. A proper knowledge about those threats, their
adverse effects in the society etc will help a true Christian to be a promoter of life by leading an
exemplary life.
1. Abortion
It is the deliberate and direct interruption of the generative process of human life.
According to the 1980 statistics, each day and average of 30, 000 women have a baby and 12000
have an abortion. This means that for every five live-births in the world, there are two abortions.
The Church teaches: human life must be respected absolutely from the moment of conception;
from the first moment of its existence, a human being must be recognized as having the rights of a
person. The Bible says, “Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, and before you were born I
consecrated you” (Jer. 1:5).
We read in the Psalms, “My frame was not hidden from you, when I was being made in
secret intricately woven in the depths of the earth” (Ps. 139:15; Cf. 139:13-14). Since the first
century the Church has affirmed the moral evil of every procured abortion. Direct abortion, willed
as an end or means is gravely contrary to the moral law: “You shall not kill.” In the encyclical,
'Gaudium et Spes' we learn, “God, the Lord of life, has entrusted the men the noble mission of
safeguarding life, and men must carry it out in a manner worthy of themselves. Life must be
protected with the utmost care from the moment of conception: abortion and infanticide are
abominable crimes” (GS. 51:3). Therefore, since it must be treated from conception as a person,
the embryo must be defended in its integrity, cared for and healed as far as possible, like any other
human beings. We have seen that abortion is the deliberate termination of life in the mother's
womb by human intervention. Some people justify abortion as a method of Family Planning and
population control but it is, in fact, a killing and a grave sin. Termination of life of an infant who is
defenseless and helpless is equal to killing and is a very grave sin. Mother Theresa warns, “No
nation that permits abortion can ever progress in the world. The best nation is the one which takes
measures to safeguard life of the helpless and defenseless.”

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 As already mentioned - foetus - infant growing in the womb of its mother is also a human
being and its life is also precious. It has the right to grow to its fullness. The Vat. II document on
“Church in the Modern World” speaks, “Life must be protected with the utmost care from the
moment of conception” (Church in the Modern World 51). People resort to abortion when an
unexpected pregnancy occurs. There is serious discussion: pregnancy can be inopportune when
it is a result of a force, rape or that the continuation of pregnancy would involve a risk to the life of
the pregnant woman or when there is substantial risk of the child born, what could be legally and
morally justified?
Whatever the reasons advanced abortion results in the death of a weak and helpless
human being. Abortion leaves deep psychological and emotional scares on the mother who as a
result, could experience serious bouts of depression and hysteria. Abortion would also lead to a
general devaluation of life and a regeneration of social and individual morality. To conclude this
short discussion we bring a passage from Abortion, the silent Holocaust, by John Powell, “Once
you permit the killing of an unborn child, there will be no stopping. There will be no age-limit. You
are setting off a chain reaction that will, even though, make you the victim. Your children may kill
you for they will not want to support you in old age. Your children may need your home and states.
If a doctor will take money for killing the innocent in the womb, he will kill you with a needle when
paid for your children; this is the terrible nightmare you are creating for the future.” Abortion is also
called the double death syndrome as it may lead to death of the child and mother. Women die of
unsafe abortion every year.
Youth are both the future of the country and the most likely victims of deviations. The
traditional values, imparted at home, must be reinforced at school. The dangers of considering
sex as the source of irresponsible pleasure must be etched in their minds so that they may realize
that reckless behaviour is a one-way-ticket to unhappiness and death. Dangers that threaten the
young loom large each day in contemporary India, due to the liberalization of the economic policy
and subsequent invasion of Western cultural mores. The economic revolution seems to have set
off a 'sexual revolution' on the Indian adolescence circle. This has to be watched and guided in
order to bridle those forces that prove catastrophic.
2. Crime of Killing (Homicide)
The crime of killing is the most serious of crimes for which society reserves the strongest
punishment. Murder is an extreme crime that engenders special horror. The act of killing is the
killing of a human being, unjust way of taking away of human life. The direct killing of an innocent
person is the most grievous of sins. It is the violation of the supreme ownership of God over the
lives of His creatures. It is also an outrage upon the most cherished and fundamental rights
enjoyed by man – right to life.
The fifth commandment forbids direct and intentional killing as gravely sinful. The

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murderer and those who co-operate voluntarily in murder commit a sin that cries for justice (Gen
4: 10). Infanticide, fratricide, patricide and murder of a spouse etc are especially grave by reason
of the natural bond which they break. The fifth commandment forbids doing anything that
indirectly brings about a person's death. The moral law prohibits exposing someone to mortal
danger without grave reason, as well as refusing help to a person in danger.
In our times planned violence and killing are alarmingly on the rise. Killing out of revenge
or with sinful designs are daily occurrences. Homicide takes place due to greed for power, lust and
luxuries. It is the duty of every Christian to rise against the rising crime and violence and to prevent
crime of killing innocent persons.
3. Suicide (Terminator Syndroms)
God is our source of life and the sovereign authority over life. We must be thankful for the
gift of life and it is our sacred duty to safeguard it. We are only stewards to this divine gift of life
entrusted to us. We have no right to inflict any harm or destroy life. So everyone is responsible for
his life before God. No doubt, it is God alone who remains the sovereign master of life. We must
protect life for His honour and the salvation of our souls. As was mentioned, we are not the owners
of the life and it is not ours to dispose the same. Suicide contradicts the natural inclination of
humankind to preserve and perpetuate life. It is of course adverse to the just love of self. It also
offends love of neighbours because it unjustly breaks the ties of solidarity with family, friends near
and dear ones and other human societies to which we continue to have obligations. Suicide is a
grave scandal to the society. Voluntary co-operation and leading a person to suicide is a grave
violation of the moral law.
Timely care and treatment of persons with suicide tendency can reduce a number of such
incidents. It is also necessary to identify and prevent circumstances and reasons leading one to
suicide. We shall take care that no one should disturb the eternal plan of our salvation. The church
is alert and vigilant to see that no one is perished by resorting to this extreme act of suicide. Our
Christian conscience prompts us to pray for God's grace to keep our mind and soul healthy and
happy for a peaceful and contended life.
4. Euthanasia (Mercy Killing)
The word 'Euthanasia' comes from the Greek, meaning “good death” (Eu = well,
Thanatos = death), signifying mercy. It refers to the practice of ending life in a manner which
relieves pain and suffering. It is a deliberate intervention undertaken with the intention of ending a
life, to relieve intractable suffering. It can be categorized as voluntary and non voluntary, active
and passive, assisted Euthanasia, etc.
1. Voluntary Euthanasia: It is when the person who is killed has requested to be killed.
2. Non Voluntary: When the person who is killed made no request to be killed.

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3. Assisted: Someone provides help or guidance for. When it is a doctor who helps – it is
physician-assisted.
4. By Action: When intentionally causing death, not with the consent of the person
suffering. Eg. - Death by giving a lethal injection (an Action).
5. By Omission: when intentionally causing death by not providing necessary care, food,
water or medicine.
Euthanasia is usually considered to be criminal homicide, when it is active – with the intention
of killing by action or omission of a dependent human being for his of her alleged benefit. So,
Euthanasia is the process of killing a person who is mentally or physically sick, suffering from an
incurable decease without his/her consent. Ending life of a person suffering from a terminal illness
can't be considered an act of mercy. It is against dignity of a human being and against moral
values. For a Christian, pain and suffering are not always evil. Our Lord Jesus Christ through his
suffering, agony and crucifixion has brought about eternal salivation for each and every one of us.
So, he regained our lost dignity and added value and sanctity to human suffering. We consider, for
example the lives of saints who voluntarily suffered pain, martyrdom and violent death for the sake
of others. Therefore, pain and suffering may not be totally evil in all the circumstances. It is
consoling to see that there are palliative care centers to give considerable care and relief and
bring hope in patients who suffer due to terminal diseases. No doubt our care and loving presence
with due kindness can serve a lot in this sphere. This is what Christianity demands form each of
us.
5. Use of Drugs
Since the beginning of the recorded history, people have used drugs to provide pleasure,
to escape from pain and to get relief from illness. Our time is witnessing a rapid increase in the
availability and use of drug. This is due to the rise of technically oriented societies devoted to
advances in Chemistry and to the greater production of synthetic substances. The increased use
of drugs poses serious threats to the humans. Drugs are substances that influence the function of
living tissues. Drugs are powerful agents for either good or harm. Most people tend to abuse drugs
due to their soothing, anaesthetizing (Sedative), and stimulating properties. The problems have
gained a new dimension with the increased use of narcotics and other drugs. The increased use
of drugs has been posing great danger to the physical and psychological health of the users.
Addiction to certain habit–forming drugs involves such a compelling desire that the addict
becomes a virtual slave to the habit and may begin to use a drug to get relief from pain or fatigue.
Before they realize the negative impact, seductive effect, they develop overwhelming desire for
drugs. They become so desperate for regular dose that they often resort to crime to get money for
the same. The total helplessness of the addict is miserable – no sleep, cant work, can't stop taking

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drug and are driven to s stage of madness. The best advice to anybody is: “Don't start.” Pleasure,
prosperity and comforts are not values which can fill the human heart. Man needs higher ideals to
live and work for. If the young people learn to deal with their personal problems with the help of
responsible, caring people they will realize that a life can be fruitful without substance of abuse.
The pressure of social living attracts people to drug use. The use of alcohol and drugs adversely
affect the life and health of the user. It is definitely an obstacle to progress and peaceful family life
and the person becomes an enemy to the society. It mars a person's capacity to dispense his
ordinary duties. Alcoholic and drug users are generally anti-social and serious violators of the
commandment of God. As true Christians, we have the responsibility to create awareness about
the adverse use of all kinds of drugs and alchahol. We can also extend sympathetic assistance by
co-operating with the organizations working towards de-addiction care and by supporting anti-
alcoholic drive by the enlightened pressure groups.
Promotion of pro-Life Culture
While making a reference to the modern world and its culture, it is Pope John Paul II who
used the word, 'the culture of death'. Culture of death is the result of the commercialization of life
itself. The sins and crime against life, exploitation and misuse of the nature and reforms are all
heading towards lust and luxury of man and ultimately violence and violation of ecological
balance.
It is our sacred duty to protect and promote human life, controlling the destructive
activities. Mankind is being pulled by the culture of death through drug abuse, homicide, suicide,
abortion, sponsored crime etc. If society holds human life so cheaply, it is no surprise that young
people will also hold life cheaply by engaging in violences. Much in our modern culture, there is
something toxic to the life of the human beings. We have become masters by allowing the
exploitation of the unborn for our economic and medical gain. Both legal and illegal activities
which promote a culture of death reinforce and sustain each other spreading darkness of social
conscience. It is our duty as Christians at every opportunity to promote and protect life which is the
most fundamental right through works of justice and peace.
We have to renew our conviction that it is time to abandon the illusion that we can protect
life by taking life by violent means.
Respect and development of human life require peace. Everything peaceful is the fruit of
the prince of peace – Christ (Eph. 2: 14; Mt. 5: 9). We are to renounce violence and bloodshed and
to safeguard human rights by our exemplary life and activities and bearing witness to evangelical
value. We shall learn to reverse 'evil' by learning to live well. (Reverse to word 'evil' to make the
word 'live'). As devoted Christians it is our duty to foster life. The following factors may help us to
nurture a culture of life with due reverence.

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1. Be aware of the dignity and sanctity of Human Life
As a first step towards the protection and promotion of human life, one should be
sufficiently aware and convinced of its value and dignity. If you are ignorant, it may lead you to take
life and obligation towards others as mere legality. This mentality may lead one to engage in
violence and a culture of death and disrespect to the gift of life. Study classes, media education
etc can be arranged in groups to create awareness and to proclaim the dignity of human life.
2. Proclamation of the sanctity of human life
It is not enough that we are simply aware of the importance of human life. We shall be
prepared to make others convinced of the importance of human life and the sacred duty to
promote the same. People can be enlightened about the same through seminars, study classes,
audio-visual and media education.
3. Co-operation in respecting and protecting Life
In order to promote a culture of life it is necessary that we give due respect to others.
Whenever programmes are being organized for the promotion of human life, arrange prayer
groups. We shall extent full co-operation and ensure our participation.
4. Children, the wealth of Family
Family is the cradle of the culture of life. Children are the extended life of parents and they
are to be taken proper care with the strong conviction that life is precious and wonderful gift of
God. Children are to be welcomed and accepted happily and helped to grow gracefully inculcating
in them moral values and respect for self and others.
5. Engage in Pro- Life Activities
Pro-life activists are promoters of the culture of human life. By way of encouragement and
extending support to them we too can contribute much to the good cause of life. Let us try to be the
collaborators in the campaign to protect and promote a culture of life as against the culture of
death. Thus, we can save the society from the culture of violence and destruction of life, by
faithfully following the example and teaching of our Lord, who is life, and life in the abundance.
There is a need for moral regeneration or spiritual renewal of mankind. Spirit of love,
mutual respect and peaceful co-existence can help to check up violence and the destructive brute
in man. Humankind must awaken from the slumber and discard violence and other base instincts
for its own survival. God has created us in His image but he has created us in freedom. Abundance
of life depends on the choices and decisions we make and we are free to choose the best or worst.
Let s choose life and sow seeds of life. Let us promote life so that all may have abundance of life.
That is the glory of God! (Jn 10:10).
Life is priceless; it has to be carefully nurtured. When we are thoughtless and careless we

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hurt others by the use of harsh words, rude criticisms and pointless remarks. Such behavior
paralyses life. Love and life beget life. Develop virtues of compassion, kindness, and care for
others, forgiveness, tolerance and sense reconciliation for a peaceful co-existence.
I. Let us Discuss
1. Scientific and Biblical views presented on the origin of life are not contradictory but
they are complementary.
2. Christians are duty bound to promote a culture of life.
II. Let us find out the Answers
1. Life is a precious gift from God. Explain?
2. Why human beings are different from the rest of the creation?
3. How can we develop reverence towards human life?
4. What are the different challenges against human life?
5. What all things are to be done to foster a culture of life?
III. Activity
Prepare a colash on the 'promotion of a culture of life.’
IV. Let us Read and Reflect
Psalms 139: 13-24.

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 Chapter 8

To Love and To
Give Life

“Love is the greatest blessing in life”, the words of William Temple is full of meaning as he
said so. Love is eternal and infinite. It is the symbol and key to eternity. Man is created by the God
with the only message and privilege to love. We are born for love and it is our goal in life. Man is
created and endowed with the power and desire to love and to be loved. 'Love is the very essence
of everything in the world'. These words of the poet Kumaran Asan in Nalini highlight the force and
power of human love. Love is the source of power and beauty in every sphere of life. Man is called
to share His love among the creations.
God is love itself and the source of all goodness. God created man out of His great love.
We are made to participate in the divine love and it is our vocation to share the spark of the eternal
love with one another. We are not only created by God to love and to be loved but we are blessed
with the potentiality to give life also. So the humans are endowed with the ability to beget their
offspring. Having blessed the first parents, God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply” (Gen 1, 28).
They are given the ability to give life to the new human beings, which is of great importance and as
such it is divine act.
Human Sexuality, Gift of God
Procreation, to give new life, is special capacity, given to all living beings. To a man, it is
not merely a biological need but it is a very special gift and ability to participate in the power of
creation of God. It is the sharing of love with one's life partner. As sexuality is an invaluable and
wonderful gift of God, it is good and holy, indeed. Love has great deal to do with sex and with one's
whole life. Sexuality is the expression of this love and out of intimate love a new life is reproduced
in the society, for the glory of God. Sexuality is the sexual thoughts, desires and longings. This is
the awareness of man or woman as male and female, the awareness of their capacity for
procreation of new life.

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 Sexuality is a valuable gift of God. Therefore it is holy and good, indeed. Sexuality is an
effective way to love, to give life and to contribute to the reconstruction towards welfare of society.
Human sexuality is developed and matured by different stages of life, Such as, infancy, childhood,
puberty, adolescence, youth, etc. When a person grows up and enters to the stage of puberty he
notices and experiences changes in body and mind. It is at this stage, sexual emotions arise in a
person. These changes are nothing but quite natural signals of sexual growth. We must be
grateful to God for this great gift. Humans must try to become sexually responsible and mature
also. Sexuality has far more profound roots in the heart and soul of every man and woman. In fact,
sexuality is something that extends to the psychic life of a person, because God, the creator has
willed it that way. Adult, male-female relationships imply certain maturity. The mark of maturity is
an ability to govern oneself and the capacity to postpone immediate satisfaction of desires for the
sake of long term purpose. By being grateful to God one must try to become a mature person for a
graceful life.
Sexuality – A Creative Power
Sex is the means and binding force of procreation. It is the expression of love. Sexuality
helps us to gather power for our mental as well as emotional activities. It enables us to love each
other with devotion. Only, one who respect and value his own sex can do the same to other`s. This
aptitude can make his life more creative. Sexuality is acknowledged as one of the factors which
give to each individual's life the principal traits making him distinguish from others. It is from sex
that a human person receives the characteristics which, on the biological, psychological and
spiritual levels, make that person a man or a woman.
As Christians we realize that man has been created out of love and are made for love. We
live because God loves us and we are also enabled to love. In our sexuality we find the biological,
emotional and psychological grounding of our capacity to love. Sexuality is God's invitation for us
into communion with others through our needs to reach out and touch emotionally, intellectually
and physically. As such, sexuality is essential both to our human existence and to be fully human.
God's creative and faithful love is the model for human love. Scripture endorses permanent and
procreative marital relationship (1 Cor. 11. 3-8).
A marital act of love is noble and valuable. At the same time, conjugal love is related to the
procreation and nurturing of children, who are the ultimate symbol of love. Children are supreme
gift of conjugal love (GS 48). The document, Guaudiam et Spes urges that parents should regard
their proper mission as that of the transmission of human life (GS 50).
So, no doubt, sexuality is a creative power invested in the humans by God. Human
sexuality helps man to store energy for the mental and emotional activities. This power of
sexuality enables a person to love with due dedication and commitment. Growth is the sign of any
living organism and sexuality empowers the same growth.

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 Sexual growth and maturity is an essential part of growth. At an early stage of growth,
adolescent stage when a person begins to feel sexual emotions, he must be guided in to be
balanced, disciplined and mature enough. An unbridled sexual energy shall mislead a person to
the misuse of the same and destruction. If one is properly guided, and motivated to accept, and
respect the gift of sexuality, he/she will grow gracefully, as healthy, and disciplined, to work
towards the welfare of others with right conviction and mature vision of life.
A respectful and value oriented approach to sexuality will enable a person to make his life
meaningful and creative. Sexuality has been a serious cause of perversion and crime. Lack of
knowledge of sexuality and wrong notions on the same may lead persons astray and end up in
ruins. Occasions are many to mislead and do wrong, such as bad company, porno literature,
evocative films, misuse of media etc. They have contributed much sexual abuse, sinful activities
and disorder, such as masturbation, homosexuality, prostitution etc.
One must be ever watchful not to be a victim to the sexual perversion, sexual abuse and
other possible disorders. Sexuality is a very special gift of God. If this capability is misused it
would be a grave violation of God's low. It is equally a grave sin, if a person allows him/her to be
abused or surrenders into temptation leads others to be a victim.
One must realize that reckless behavior is one way ticket to unhappiness and failure in
life. In the light devastating repercussions, the Christian teachings will help one to lead a life of
dignity. One must be even careful to avoid unwelcome circumstances and possibilities to
temptations. Proper education and respect to sexuality will enable us to handle any situation
prudently. Learn to appreciate the gift of sexuality is the need of the hour.
One must understand that Sexuality affects all aspects of a person and his passions. It
affects his/her capacity to love and his attitude for forming communion with others. Sexual
deviations and exploitation are very serious issues. The dangers of considering sex as a source of
irresponsible pleasure must be etched in the minds of the young.
Human Being: Male and Female
We read in the book of Genesis: “God created humankind in his image, in the image of
God he created them; male and female he created them” (Gen.1. 27). He gave them grace to
share his power of creation. Man and woman are created with difference in character, stature,
passion and talents. The complete human being is a duality comprising the masculine and
feminine together. At the sometime, they are equal in dignity as human persons. Both, male and
female have freedom and dignity to take decisions on their own and they will be responsible in life
confronting with day to day activities.
They are physically different and these differences can be identified in mental make up, in
expression, view points etc. But these differences are not to be taken as contradictory, they are
complimentary and they are together for life. Everyone, man and woman, should acknowledge
and accept his/her sexuality, identity, physical, moral or spiritual differences. They must be
oriented towards marriage and prosperity in family life.

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 A man who lives only by his masculine creativity will never find total fulfillment. In order to
be fully human, he must recognize feminine qualities also. A woman must realize and live the God
given capacity in her, to be her true self. Love of self and of the other will complement as it unites.
Both man and woman can enrich the sentiments of the spirit and their physical expression with
unique sense of dignity.
Man is created to be a male and female to grow to the fullest possible by knowing each
other and respecting each other. A human being is born as a male or female according to the will of
God. God says, “Before I formed you in the womb I knew you” (Jer. 1:5). It is God who shaped our
body with mind and soul. One must be proud of being born as a male/female and be grateful to
God for being so. One must try to seek the will of God in everything and must find satisfaction
accordingly. One's thoughts, words and act should uphold the dignity and sanctity as a person, a
man and woman.
Marriage: Salvific Call of God
God invites man and woman by giving his grace to share his love and power of creation
through the bond of marriage. By accepting the call of God they will be blessed abundantly.
In the light of the Christian teaching, marriage is not merely between a man and a woman
to live together but it is a sacrament also. By this sacrament of marriage, they enter into an
inseparable union of hearts. As Christ gave himself to the church, both husband and wife are
obliged to offer themselves through marriage (Eph. 5. 22-25).
As it is God who joined them together, this married band is something special inseparable
and permanent. Jesus tells us: “What therefore God has joined together, let no man put asunder”
(Mt. 19. 6). As long as the couples are alive, their married life remains inseparable. St. Paul
himself compares the married relationship with the relationship between Christ and the Church.
Marriage is a contract by a man and woman in the presence of God. The very base of the
mutual marriage consent is that it is taken with full freedom and knowledge of the responsibilities.
It is a mutual consent of two mature persons. The Church teaches in the II Vatican Council
document, namely, 'Church in the Modern World'; “The intimate partnership of life and love which
constitutes the married state has been established by the creator and endowed by him with its
own proper laws; it is rooted in the contract of its partners, that is, in their irrevocable personal
consent” (Gs. 48).
As we have seen, marriage is an institution, confirmed by the divine law and receiving its
stability even in the eyes of the society, from the human act by which the partners mutually offer
themselves to each other. By safeguarding the unitive and procreative aspects, the conjugal act
preserves in its fullness towards a sense of true mutual love and orientation towards man's
exalted vocation to parenthood (Humane Vite 12).

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 Through the scared bond of marriage, the couples surrender themselves to each other.
Their conjugal relationship is the powerful expression of their deep commitment and it is the divine
plan of experiencing love and transmission of life. It strengthens their love relationship also.
Sexual relationship before lawful marriage and extra marital relationships are violations of the
divine law and grave sin because it defeats the very purpose of sexuality and responsible
parenthood. Illegal relationship is gravely contrary to the dignity of persons. Human sexuality is
naturally ordered to the good of the spouses. Therefore marriage is to be taken as a vocation and
it should be ended with proper preparations with due seriousness. A man and woman must see
that he/ she can contact each other with mind and body unstained and sty related so to strengthen
their bonds as a happy experience.
Celibate Life
Just as married life is a vocation to salvation, the unmarried or celibate life is also another
vocation for salvation. This is a special call of God to holiness. A person, who entered into a life of
chastity, has made a life-long commitment to God and for the cause of His kingdom, with an
undivided mind. He/she responds to the call of God with full freedom, surrendering lawful sexual
powers. It is the practice of non-marriage or choice of commitment to lead a consecrated life. God
empowers them with special grace to remain chaste and committed. Jesus tells us: “Not everyone
can accept this teaching, but only those to whom it is given” (Mt.19:11). St. Paul exhorts that one
who is a celibate must be a person of undivided heart and he/she is fully committed his/her life to
the service of the Lord (1 Cor. 7:34-35). A celibate person is the one who lives in the world but he is
not of the world.
Pope John Paul II underlines consecrated chastity as a means by which one dedicates
oneself exclusively to God. In this context, consecrated chastity is a radical way to live according
to the gospel. Priests, the religious and other consecrated persons have accepted challenges to
lead a chaste life. They become God's own people in a special way by leading a life with their
undivided mind and life-long commitments. God blesses, protects and strengthens the people of
God through these specially committed men and women.
The Church considers the virtue of chastity as an outstanding token of heavenly riches
and also a most suitable way for religious to spend themselves readily available in God's service,
in works of the apostolate. Celibacy does not, in any way undermine sexuality but it is a sublime
virtue. Psychological or physiological factors do not invalidate a commitment to celibacy but
rather confirm the level of mortification that enhances one's freedom for higher motive. It is
indeed, a way of life called to lead a life, after the heart of Jesus.
Sexuality is a divine gift. It is a creative power given to him/her to lead and to the
transmission of life. It is very important. To be aware of the sanctity of sexuality, a person may lead
his life fruitfully, fully committed to his responsibilities with due personal freedom and dignity. All
are obliged to be chaste, according to the state of their life.

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 Let us be thankful to God, the creator at the source of all goodness for this great gift of
sexuality, which enables us to participate in love and creative activity of God. We shall glorify God
by living a life, worthy of our divine call.

I. Let us Discuss
1. Sexuality is a creative power, affecting every action of a person.
2. What would be the right attitude of a Christian to certain ideologies,
circumstances, organizations, that promote liberalization and abuse of sexuality?
II. Let us find out the Answers
1. Sexuality is God-given gift? Substantiate?
2. What is your understanding of sexuality?
3. Sexuality is an all- embracing creative power of a human being. Clarify?
4. What do you mean by the sacrament of matrimony is a divine call to salvation?
5. Celibacy or virginity is sublime resplendent aspect of sexuality. Explain?
III. Activity
1. Collect news clippings, write-ups on the dignity and sanctity of Family life. Please
present them in the Class for further discussion and enlightenment.
IV. Let us Read and Reflect
Mathew 19: 3-12.

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 Chapter 9

Wealth and
Social Justice

There is a very famous short story named 'Six Feet Land', penned by the World renowned
writer, Leo Tolstoy. The gist of the story is: There once lived a landless peasant. He wished to
possess a freehold piece of land. He managed to get an appointment with the chief of the locality
and requested for a strip of land. The chief agreed to grant his request on a condition: On a
day–time, from sunrise onwards he can cover on the land of his choice – as much land he can go
round on feet in a day is his own. If he doesn't return to the spot where he started, nothing will be
given.
The delighted peasant started early on the next morning. He wanted to grab plenty of
land. He left food, water, his coat, his cap, and his shoes, to save time. He longed to rest but it was
impossible for him, if he meant to get back before sunset. He gathered all his strength and he
walked on and on. After a hard walking, he began running. He was far away from his starting point.
'I have to gather much' he thought.
He was done up with the heat. He was breathless and exhausted. The sun was almost
near the rim. His feet were cut and bruised. His legs began to fail. All his enthusiasm was gone! “All
my labour has been in vain,” he repented. “If only I have not blundered trying for too much! I can't
get back before sunset.” He gathered his last strength to get back.
Over-exhausted and breathless, he fell forward and dropped dead. “How much land does
a man need?” The servants of the chief picked up the spade and dug a grave long enough for him
to lie in, “Six feet” from head to heels.
This story is an excellent example of greed for more and more wealth and its destructive
impact on man.
It is very important for us to know about relevance and importance of wealth and its right
use in day to day lives. The right attitude towards wealth is not to reject the same or put one's total
trust on it, but the proper and just use.

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 Wealth God's Gift
It is the genuine desire of all to be wealthy for enjoying prosperity in life. The very desire of
a person to gather wealth is not wrong at all. It is the will of God that all human beings shall lead a
comfortable and happy life. Wealth is a divine gift for the same. The psalmist declares that the one
who depends on God shall lack nothing. “The Lord is my Shepherd, I shall not want” (Ps. 23:1).
There are many instances in the Bible exemplifying the fact that one's life will flourish if he
/ she puts trust in God. As long as we are sojourners here on earth, we need wealth. The Good
Lord is pleased to give us the same for further progress and happy life. But we shall not forget that
wealth is for our need and not for our greed. One who takes pride on wealth will perish.
We are Stewards of Wealth
With regard to the wealth, our Christian attitude is that we are not its masters; but we are
only trusties according to the will of God, who is the real master and source of all wealth. We
should use our wealth without submitting our hearts to the wealth of. One should learn to handle
and utilize one's wealth acknowledging life the best thing in life are not material things and
possessions and affluence.
Right to Possess Wealth and Property
Everyone has got his/her right to possess property and wealth. It is a basic human right to
possess property irrespective of caste or creed. However, it shall not to be at the cost of other's
rights for the same – no question of denying another's claim to possess property.
Ownership of private property is encouraged by the Church. It helps us to enjoy freedom
for further progress. The church also teaches that one should posses' wealth with one's own hard
works. But it should not be at the cost of social justice and equality.
Acquisition: Earning of Wealth
Wealth is a gift of God and it is very necessary for a fruitful and prosperous life. Therefore
everyone has a right to possess wealth by right means and to save the same. One has to try to
seek proper means to earn property and resources to make good use of the same. But one shall
not attach undue importance to one's possessions. If we are pre-occupied with our possessions
ignoring God, the very source of all wealth, it would be ingratitude towards him. We are able to
acquire wealth only because God has given us talents and health. The Lord repeats the same. He
once promised to the Israelites: “Beware lest you say in your heart, 'my power and the might of my
own hand have gotten me this wealth'. But remember the Lord your God, for it is he who gives you
power to get wealth; so that he may confirm his covenant that he swore to your ancestors, as he is
doing today” (Deut 8:17-18).
Acquisition of Wealth by Unjust Means
Though our possessions are God's bounty, we have no right to appropriate the fruits of
another person's labour. Only the wealth acquired through proper channels will be ours to

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enjoy. One has got right to earn for his / her immediate use and essential needs, like, food, shelter,
and clothing. They are put ones disposal. But the wealth earned by fraud methods, not paying
right wages, forcing up prices by taking advantage of ignorance and hardship of another are all
against, social justice and violation of divine law. God tells us through the mouth of Prophet
Jeremiah: “For scoundrels are found among my people; they take over the goods of others. Like
fowlers they set a trap; they catch human beings. Like a cage full of birds, their houses are full of
treachery; therefore they have become great and rich, they have grown fat and sleek. They know
no limits in deeds of wickedness; they do not judge with justice the cause of the orphan, to make it
prosper, and they do not defend the rights of the needy ” (Jer.5:26-28). These words warn us
reminding not to hold possessions unjustly as it forbids usurping another's property. Divine laws
recommend justice and charity in the case of earthly goods and fruits of one's labour. It demands
common good and respect for other's rights.
So, it is wrong to earn wealth without one's hard labour. There are many wayward
organizations to attract and tempt persons to possess easy money, without any labour through
illegal and unholy sources, such as, black marketing, hoarding, conspiring to create artificial
scarcity of necessary commodities, robbery, theft, looting, etc. Amassing wealth in an unjust
manner will pull a person away from the path of salvation. The story of Zacahaeus teaches the
same message. The wealth we earn through and only through our own efforts, by proper channels
only, will add happiness and prosperity to one's life.
The universe holds enough resources in its stock to meet the needs of all and the humans
have a right to make good use of them for his existence and due development. This principle must
be the very foundation of earning and utilization of one's possessions. In this context, the Psalmist
reminds us: “Put no confidence in extortion, and set no vein hopes on robbery; if riches increase,
do not set your heart on them” (Pslm. 62:10).
Utilization of Wealth
The 'ownership' of property makes its holder a steward of providence with the duty of
making its benefits available to others also. When a person comes to the awareness that he
possesses wealth with God's blessings or due to God's providence, he will never misuse it. It is not
proper to God-fearing persons to think that it's my wealth, it's my property and I can use it
according to my will and pleasure.
A true Christian has an obligation to earn and use his wealth for the welfare of his family
and society. Wealth is to be utilized in accordance with the social dimension of wealth itself. St.
Basil tells us: “The bread (loaves) you have reserved in your almarha is not yours. It belongs to the
hungry. The clothes (dress) you have kept safe in your almarha are not yours. It belongs to the
naked.” With this conviction we must be able to utilize our possessions, by sharing our resources
with the poor and the needy brethren.
Those who hold goods for life and consume the same should use them with moderation,
reserving the better portion for others – the poor, the sick and the needy. One' shard earned

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 money shall be spent prudently. Both, lavish and miserly use of the wealth is equally considered
sinful. So a Christian is advised to avoid wasteful expenditure. Our financial security also depends
on the right use of the wealth. On this context, to recall the teaching of the Pope Pius XI is relevant.
“Wealth should not be wasted away by its misuse or non-use at all.” St. Thomas Aquinas
highlights on the social perspective of wealth. He tells: “Men shall not consider his material wealth
solely as his own. It shall be held as common properties to be shared with others.” This attitude
towards the proper use of wealth will help in our Christian commitment by which we will be blessed
to lead a life of just and peace.
For God and for Ceasar
Jesus has taught us to give what is due to God and nation, without any hesitation. This
principle must be strictly observed by everyone, on the use of wealth. A true Christian must
become exemplary in this regard, standing for the cause of God and nation. There, certain portion
of one's wealth shall be set apart for the nation as tax and tithe for God's sake. We must be useful
citizens for the cause of God and nation.
It is the duty of a citizen to pay taxes to the nation. St. Paul writes: “Pay to all what is due
them -taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is
due, honor to whom honor is due” (Rom 13:7). Our share & contribution is meant for the welfare of
the society. It is taken for the protection and progress, social security of all, irrespective of caste or
creed. Tax – evasion, tampering with ones accounts, malpractices like misappropriation of
income and expenditure, etc are violation of the laws of nation and sin before God. It is unjust not
to pay the social security contributions (taxes) required by legitimate authority.
We are duty-bound to give our share for the sake of God. We can see the custom of giving
tithes in Old Testament. All kinds of juridical measures were taken to ensure individual obligations:
“Bring the full tithes into the storehouse, so that there may be food in my house” (Malachi 3:10).
There are three different ways to offer what is due to God as religious duty.
Firstly, it is contribution towards different activities of the Church. This is to assist the
church for the welfare of the altar servers and liturgical services. Secondly, contribution to support
the needy and the poor (Care of the Poor). St. John Christotom vigorously says: If anyone
hesitates to part his share of the wealth with the poor and needy, he will be a thief and murderer.
Thirdly, it is contribution towards the proclamation of the Word of God and evangelization
programmes and other activities such as retreats, audiovisual programs, mass media,
conventions etc.
We too can become participants and preachers of Good News by way of sharing our
resources willingly. An increased sense of Justice and social awareness will be the basic thing to
any fundamental development of human society. This development multiplies material goods and
puts them at the service of the persons. It reduces poverty and economic exploitation. Let us
generously impart our duty by offering our share, what is due to God and the nation.

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 Social Teachings of the Church
The church has ever been active in her responsibility in teaching the faithful on subjects
like acquisition of wealth, responsible use of the same, social justice, etc. As devoted members of
the church, it is our honour and duty to study and practice these official teachings of great
importance.
Some of the important documents, both encyclicals and pastoral letters are given below
for our information and further guidelines.
1. Rerum Novarum (The condition of Labour)
This is the encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII, in May 15, 1891. This is considered as
Magnacarta document on the rights of the labourers. This document stands for human, economic
and social order. The major areas of concern are: Care of the poor, rights of workers, role of
private property, duties of workers / employers, return to Christian morals and role of public
authority.
2. Quadragesimo Anno (The Reconstruction of the Social Order)
This is another important social document decreed by Pope Pius XI, in May 15, 1931, on the
40th Anniversary of the declaration of Rerum Novarum. This document deals with solutions
proposed for social challenges, with the Christian perspective. Major areas of concern are: Role
of the church, responsible ownership, labour and capital, public authority, just social order,
capitalism and socialism.
3. Materet Magistra (Mother and the Teacher)
The official teaching (encyclical) was issued by Pope John XXIII, in May 15, 1961.
Agricultural activities and the role of the developing nations are the major issues dealt in this
document. The Pope articulates an important role of laity in applying the social teachings of the
church. Major area of concern is just remuneration, agriculture, economic development, role of
the church, international co-operation and socialization.
4. Pacem in Terris (Peace on Earth)
This encyclical letter was issued by Pope John XXIII, in April 11th, 1963. the main tenets of
this encyclical are the rights and duties to be followed by individuals, public authorities, national
governments, and the world community. “ Peace must be founded on truth, built according to
justice, integrated by charity and put into practice in freedom”. Major concerns are Rights and
duties, role of authorities, common good, Christian world order, International relation and
disarmament.
5. Populorum Progressio (The development of peoples)
The document was decreed by Pope Paul VI, in March 26, 1967. He speaks of the
challenges of development by exploring the nature of poverty and the conflicts it produces. The
Pope articulates the role of the church in the process of development. He concludes the document
by terming ‘development’ as the new name for peace and exhorts all Christians to strive for justice.
‘Peace is not the absence of war’. Major concerns: Human aspirations, injustice, church and
development, new humanism, common good, economic planning, international trade and peace.

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6. Solicitudine Nostre (Our Social Concerns)
The document was issued by Pope John Paul II in December 30, 1987. It affirms the
concerns of the church in dealing with the social problems. It advocates a just distribution of
wealth as the Pope affirms that it will be possible only through a Christian way of life.
7. Centesimus Annus (One Hundred Years).
Pope John Paul II declared this official document in May 1st, 1991, on the occasion of the
centenary of the publication of the encyclical, ‘Rerum Novarm.’ It deals with the collapse of
communism worldwide and the reasons for the same. It also proposes solutions to various social
problems posed by the present social situations. Major areas of concern are human dignity,
human rights, justice, development, peace and economic systems.
These social teachings mentioned above are very important documents to be kept and
studied for any Christians, as they give right guidelines for creating a just society.
Wealth is a gift of God which enables man to sustain and make progress in his life. It is to
be utilized according to the will of God. We shall be aware of the fact that we are not the masters
and owners of the wealth, but we are only trustees of the same. God is the real source of all wealth.
When we live according to ethical norms in the acquisition and utilization of wealth in just and
responsible way, we can claim to be stewards of wealth rather than owners of the same. Then we
will be faithful trustees of wealth, taking care of the welfare of all, irrespective of cast colour, creed
etc.

I. Let us Discuss
1. What would be your response if someone tells you: 'I do as I like with my possessions
which I have earned with my labour'. Would you agree with him?
2. Can you justify a person who makes a business of profit through tax-evation and other
illegal activities?
II. Let us find out the Answers
1. What do you understand by the statement, Wealth is a gift from God?
2. We are not the masters of wealth but only trustees of the same. What does it mean to
you?
3. What all things are to be kept in mind in the acquisition of wealth?
4. What are the measures to be taken whenever you want to use your wealth?
5. Enumerate on any five important social teachings of the church.
III. Activity
Undertake measures to support a poor family financially, under your parish.
IV. Let us Read and Reflect
Luke 12:13-21.

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 Chapter 10

Dignity of
Labour

St. Pope John Paul II was a great soul who was raised to the throne of St. Peter from the
humble granite quarries, in Poland. He decreed an Encyclical, in September, 1981 on 'Human
Work' (Laborem exercens). This encyclical affirms the dignity of work and praises labour at the
centre of social perspective. It further confirms that human beings are proper subjects of work.
Work expresses and increases human dignity. The Pope stresses the priority of labour over
things. He supports the workers and unions while outlining a spirituality of work. Through human
labour man tries to transform environment and above all himself making tremendous advances in
the society. Through human labour men construct and reconstruct cultures and civilizations in his
society.
Necessity of Labour
Any human activity using intellectual, mental and bodily capabilities to make this world
more beautiful and useful can be called Labour. Through work man can express his creativity and
achieve progress of further development.
Labour is the most accepted and dignified means of one's livelihood. One who hesitates
to work, one who is indolent or lazy, is considered as thief and one who labours can lead a life of
dignity with a sense of satisfactory. The famous scientist Thomas Alwa Edison says, “Nothing
worthwhile has been achieved free of cost. All those discoveries and inventions are realized out of
my hard work… I call upon the attention of all those who resort to alcohol as painkillers may take
up work as the best medicine”
All Kinds of Works are Noble
Human society will not exist without doing labour and it makes steady progress only with
the diversity of works. Any kind of labour which is not undertaken to cheat others or cause any
damage will be worth doing irrespective of the menial work or the white collar job. Both are
necessary for the welfare of the society. One who hesitates to do any work is considered to be a
man with no nobility.

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 Certain jobs may be considered comparatively more important depending on the
availability of resources and climatic changes. At some places work availability may be very less.
Now for example agriculture is treated as depressed sector. In the recent times, we noticed
people ignore agricultural works. The reason seems to be that it demands more toil and brings
less dividends. But we know that agriculture has been the substantial, primary work and
engagement to man on Earth in all times and it has been the main source of sustenance and
development. Agricultural activities are considered to be wholesome exercises that help to
maintain health in mind and body, with a sense of contentment. The Encyclical, 'Mater et
Magistra', of Pope John XXIII (1961 May 15), deals in details on the importance of agriculture and
agricultural workers. The encyclical confirms that agricultural workers are principal agents of
development and they have dignity from God. They are persons very close to God, the creator.
Lives of great men teach to make our lives sublime. So put your shoulder to the wheel. Don't wait
for a big job to come along. Seize small ones. The excellence of a circle lies in its roundness, not in
its bigness. The greatest geniuses have been the greatest workers. It is the laborious and
painstaking men who are the rulers of the world.
Participation in the Work of Creation
By means of his labour man participates in the work of creation. Human work proceeds
directly from the persons created in the image of God and he is called to prolong the work of
creation by subduing the Earth.
God is love and in his infinite love he embraces the whole universe through creative
activities. God wants to continue His creative works and manifest his love through human labour.
It is through human labour society makes progress and grows to perfection. Human efforts shape
things to a new height and to necessary transformation. Human hands can shape a stone to
palace and a barren land to fertile and fruitful place. God is ever active both in creation of
preservation through His love. The world is raised to its maturity through human works. All things
are developed and transformed by human works. The stones are turned to be castles and
palaces, the waste land to fertile land are all examples of human efforts.
Anyone who is engaged in any kind of work is called to participate with God, irrespective of the
nature or places of work, whether in the field, factories, offices, streets, air or in water. They are
collaborators of God to continue the work and to the completion of the same. Through their works
Christians are called to unfold the creators own work. They are partners in perfecting God's
creation.
Works is Worship
Human work is an expression of creativity and spirituality. Christians are called to
become co-creators with God. Labour helps man to earn money to meet his primary needs such
as, food, shelter, clothing and other necessities of day to day life. So work is a means of livelihood.
Work gives us peace of mind and happiness. Labour has been considered as a kind of prayer if it
is alone sincerely and with total commitment. Persons who are engaged in labour are something
noble. They work for the glory of God. They will have the will to pray for the workers who work hard

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for themselves and for others. Labour is a service to the humanity. So we consider work as
worship. Work has got transforming power when it is united with Christ. A Christian can find in
human work a small part of the cross of Christ and accepts it in the same spirit of redemption. We
can find in many great and holy people who have considered their work as a form of worship.
Humans share in the activity of God as the work imitates God's activity that gives its dignity. Jesus
himself was a person of work, as a model for us.
To do one's work sincerely is an expression of life based on Christian faith. As we said
Jesus is the model for our works. One who works with due commitment and bears with the
hardship of pains attached to it will be following Jesus, the real model for our life. Work allows
people to fulfill their vocation. Work is sharing in the cross and resurrection of Jesus. Work is made
holy through Christ Jesus. Through work, one can bear witness to Jesus Christ and by work itself
we can share with the suffering and redemptive activity of Christ. A worker can make sure the
presence of Jesus at the place of work. A worker can be a missionary of Christ. Worker is
participating with the creative activity of God and he can proclaim Jesus' Mission by being
disciplined, responsible, and punctual in his task undertaken. In this way a Christian can perform
his work with the sense of worship. Thus work is necessary for earthly progress and the
development of the Kingdom of God.
Work is Duty
Work honours the creator's gift and the talents received from Him. It can also be
redemptive. By enduring the hardship of work in union with Jesus of Nazarath, the Carpenter man
collaborates in a certain fashion with the son of God in redemptive work. He shows himself to be a
disciple of Christ by carrying his cross in his daily works. Everyone should be able to draw from
work the means of providing for his life and that of his family and of serving the community. There
is no doubt, work is our duty. In the Bible we can see instances on the need and importance of
work. “Six days, you shall labour and do all your Work” (Deut. 5/13). Life is sweet for the self-reliant
and the worker (Sirah. 40/18). Once while addressing the followers Jesus said, “Come to me, all
you that are weary and are carrying heavy burdens, and I will give you rest” (Mt.11:28).
St. Paul, Pioneer missionary the world has ever seen, stressed on the need of work
repeatedly: “and we grow weary from the work of our own hands” (1 Cor. 4/12). In his letter to the
Thessalonians the apostle reaffirms, “ We did not eat any one's bread without paying for it; but with
toil and labour we worked night and day, so that we might not burden any of you” (II Thes. 3/8) and
again St. Paul instructs: “Anyone unwilling to work should not eat”, (II Thes. 3/10). Now, he writes
to the church of Ephesus : “Thieves must give up stealing; rather let them labor and work honestly
with their own hands, so as to have something to share with the needy” (Eph. 4/28).
Work is part of life. Work is the key to making life more human. Work is an obligation as it is
necessary for earthly progress. Philosopher, Joseph Comard says “Man by nature, is a labourer, if
he does not toil he becomes a zero”. Nature has ordained man to earn his livelihood with sweat of
his brow. The church teaches in the document of II Vatican Council, on 'The Church is the Modern
World': 'Human activity proceeds from man, it is also ordered to him. When he works, not only

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does he transform matter and society but he fulfills himself. He learns, he develops his faculties
and he emerges from and transcends himself. Rightly understood, this kind of growth is more
precious than any kind of wealth that can be amassed. It is what a man is rather than what he has,
that counts. (GS 35).
We are ordained to earn 'our daily bread' with our hard labour. With our continued labour,
we learn more and more, develop our talents and thereby. We contribute to the prosperity of the
society. It is also the duty of the labour to seek “Suitable work according to his tastes and talents,
find out prospects to progress of his work, pray for favorable labour environment. Pray for
employers and customers etc. Always remember it`s divine providence that grants mans strength
of work and prosperity. Work is a blessing for a man to fulfill his duties.
Wages for Workers
Wages are practical means where by people can have access to goods intended for the
common use. It is the remuneration of labour done. Majority of the workers depend on wages for
livelihood. Just remuneration of workers is the key for social justice. Everyone who works has a
right to get sufficient wages to support a family. There are instances where people trying to exploit,
earn remuneration without doing anything. They are the cause of economic injustice. They do not
take up the pain of working hard. Wages must be fixed based on social and individual
considerations.
Wages must be sufficient enough to sustain life, dignity and foster rights of families.
Social benefits for workers are also needed including health care, right to leisure, pension, and
accident – insurance and decent work environment.
Labour, Social Perspective
Work has got its social dimensions. Work is intimately related to human life. God has fixed
in an individual for a specific task needed for the community. Labour presupposes common good
of the society. It has value in as much as it ensures or it serves individual's basic needs. The social
nature of work is well recognized. Work helps to develop social existence beyond the provisions of
basic goods. The noblest social goal of work is to provide the basis for a culture in which all can
realize their fullest human potential. Worker can enter into a process of giving and taking,
providing and consuming the community's goods. Labour is the index of the growth rate of a
nation. No man lives and works for himself. Work must serve an individual's humanity and dignity.
Knowingly or unknowingly he/she works in association with others. In this respect, work is a social
power and it promotes human fraternity. Labour is the most effective service to humanity. As we
know we enjoy the fruits of the labour of others. So a worker shall be a good collaborator and a
service minded person who can extend best of his service and co-operation to the welfare of
others. A nation can make steady progress through the dedicated workers of its citizens.
There is no doubt that unemployment makes the lives of people miserable. It is
necessary to create more job opportunities and make use of the same with co-operation, co-
ordination and good-will of the employers as well as employees. This attitude paves the way of

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further development and prosperity, both for the worker and for the society. A peaceful work-
culture will promote virtues of independence, responsibility and inter personal sensitivities. Our
consideration on the work is the primacy of the workers, and the second priority must be what it
does for the individual and the humanity. Love labour and it is wholesome for your body and your
mind.

I. Let us Discuss
1. All works are noble and important. How can we promote the above stated point of view in the
society?
2. It is equally wrong not paying just wages to the employees and demand remuneration by a
person who does not work at all.
II. Let us find out the Answers
1. What is your understanding of the word Labour?
2. What do you mean by saying; work is a participation in the creative activity of God?
3. Work is worship, Explain.
4. To live by toiling is an obligation of human being. Clarify the statement.
5. Work is necessary for the development and prosperity of human society. Justify.
III. Activity
Collect some of the sayings of the great men, pieces of stories, events and poems which
exemplify the dignity and sanctity of labour.
IV. Let us Read and Reflect
II Thessalonians 3: 6-13.

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