TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

QUEZON CITY

MODA LOKAL: A Fashion Hub for the Revitalization of the Philippine Fashion Industry: An
Experiential Approach Through Neo-Vernacular Architecture

Metro Manila, Parañaque City

THEME:
“DIVE-IN: DIVErsity + INclusivity”

An Architectural Capstone Design Project

Presented to the Faculty of
Architecture Department
College of Engineering and Architecture

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Proponent:
LORETO, JOANNA MAE G.

Adviser:
AR. JONIE AGAS

AUGUST 2022
 Table of Contents

List of Figures
List of Tables

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1. The Project ......................................................................................................................................... 2-3
1.2. Problem Statement ................................................................................................................................. 3
1.3. Project Goals .......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.4. Project Objectives ................................................................................................................................... 3
1.5. The Client ............................................................................................................................................ 4-5
1.6. Project Scope and Limitations ............................................................................................................. 5-6
1.7. Design Process ................................................................................................................................... 6-7

CHAPTER II: SITE PROFILE AND ANALYSIS

2.1. Site Selection Process ...................................................................................................................... 9-17
2.1.1. Macro-Meso Site Analysis: Region/Province/City/Town .............................................................. 18-36
2.2.2. Micro Site Analysis: The Site and its Immediate Environs ........................................................... 36-37
2.2.3. Site Inventory and Analysis .......................................................................................................... 37-40
2.3. Initial Schematic Design ................................................................................................................. 40-41

CHAPTER III: DESIGN INPUTS

3.1. Design Standards ........................................................................................................................... 43-55
3.2. Building Systems ............................................................................................................................ 55-59
3.3. Specialized Allied Services ............................................................................................................. 59-60
3.4. Case Studies .................................................................................................................................. 60-70

CHAPTER IV: ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

4.1. Architectural Design Development ....................................................................................................... 72
4.1.1. Site Planning and Site Programming ................................................................................................ 72
4.1.1.1. Development Controls (As per the National Building Code of the Philippines) .......................... 72-73
4.1.1.2. Parking Ratio ................................................................................................................................. 73
4.1.1.3. Building Height Limit (BHL) by Type of Use or Occupancy ............................................................ 74
4.1.2. Building Space Program ................................................................................................................... 74
4.1.2.1. User Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 74-75
4.1.2.2. Demand Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 75-82
4.1.2.3. Space Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 82-83
4.1.2.4. Organizational Chart ...................................................................................................................... 83
4.1.2.5. Bubble Diagram ........................................................................................................................ 84-85
4.1.2.6. Matrix Diagram ......................................................................................................................... 86-88
4.1.2.7. Space Programming ............................................................................................................... 89-102
4.1.3. Design Constraints ......................................................................................................................... 103
4.1.4. Initial Design Translation ......................................................................................................... 103-106
4.2. Design Features ......................................................................................................................... 107-109
4.3. Project Cost Analysis .................................................................................................................. 109-114
 List of Figures

Figure 1 Logo of CITEM ................................................................................................................................. 4

Figure 2 Logo of CITEM & DTI ....................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 3 Organizational Chart of CITEM........................................................................................................ 5
Figure 4 Design Process ................................................................................................................................ 6
Figure 5 Site in Tambo, Paranaque ............................................................................................................. 10
Figure 6 Site in Roxas Blvd., Pasay .............................................................................................................. 11
Figure 7 Site in Baclaran, Paranaque .......................................................................................................... 11
Figure 8 NCR Map ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 9 Parañaque City Boundary Map ..................................................................................................... 19
Figure 10 Parañaque City Barangay Boundary Map ................................................................................... 19
Figure 11 Parañaque City Land Area per Barangay .................................................................................... 20
Figure 12 Parañaque City Land Use Category (2014) ................................................................................. 21
Figure 13 Parañaque City Land Use Distribution ........................................................................................ 21
Figure 14 : Parañaque City Existing Land Use (2015) .................................................................................. 22
Figure 15 Parañaque City Topography Map ............................................................................................... 23
Figure 16 Parañaque City Geology Map ..................................................................................................... 23
Figure 17 Parañaque City Flood Hazard Map ............................................................................................. 25
Figure 18 Parañaque City Flood Hazard Map with Critical Facilities .......................................................... 25
Figure 19 Severe Wind Hazard Map Brgy. Baclaran, Don Galo, & Tambo .................................................. 26
Figure 20 Parañaque City Storm Surge Hazard Map................................................................................... 26
Figure 21 Parañaque City 6.5 Magnitude Earthquake ................................................................................ 27
Figure 22 Parañaque City 7.2 Magnitude Earthquake ................................................................................ 27
Figure 23 Parañaque City Liquefaction Hazard Map .................................................................................. 28
Figure 24 Parañaque City Tsunami Hazard Map ......................................................................................... 28
Figure 25 Parañaque City Population Per Barangay ................................................................................... 29
Figure 26 Parañaque City Population Growth Rate .................................................................................... 29
Figure 27 Parañaque City Historical ............................................................................................................ 30
Figure 28 Parañaque City Historical Population Growth ............................................................................ 30
Figure 29 Parañaque City Historical ............................................................................................................ 30
Figure 30 Parañaque City Economy Growth Rate ....................................................................................... 30
Figure 31 Parañaque City Road Network .................................................................................................... 32
Figure 32 Parañaque City Major & Secondary Roads ................................................................................. 32
Figure 33 Parañaque City Entry & Exit Points ............................................................................................. 32
Figure 34 Parañaque City Road Network .................................................................................................... 32
Figure 35 Parañaque City Number of Manufacturers................................................................................. 34
Figure 36 Parañaque City Cultural Activities/Festivals ............................................................................... 35
Figure 37 Parañaque City Financial & Real Estate Institution ..................................................................... 36
Figure 38 Parañaque City Business Registration......................................................................................... 36
Figure 39 Project Site Location ................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 40 Project Site Bioclimatic Analysis ................................................................................................. 37
Figure 41 New Seaside Drive Rd. ................................................................................................................ 38
Figure 42 Project Site .................................................................................................................................. 38
Figure 43 Project Site .................................................................................................................................. 38
Figure 44 Sidewalk ...................................................................................................................................... 38
Figure 45 Existing Nearby Dev. ................................................................................................................... 38
Figure 46 Road and Sidewalk ...................................................................................................................... 38
Figure 47 Existing Nearby Facility ............................................................................................................... 38
Figure 48 Project Site Surrounding & Adjacent Developments .................................................................. 38
Figure 49 City of Dreams Manila ................................................................................................................. 39
Figure 50 Solaire Resort .............................................................................................................................. 39
Figure 51 Department of Foreign Affairs .................................................................................................... 39
Figure 52 Tambo Elementary School .......................................................................................................... 39
Figure 53 Okada Manila .............................................................................................................................. 39
Figure 54 Ayala Malls Manila Bay ............................................................................................................... 39
Figure 55 Site Development Perspective .................................................................................................... 40
Figure 56 Site Development Plan ................................................................................................................ 41
Figure 57 Rain Collection & Grey Water System ........................................................................................ 55
Figure 58 PV Glass Panels ........................................................................................................................... 55
Figure 59 Pile Foundation ........................................................................................................................... 56
Figure 60 Cable Tension Facades ................................................................................................................ 56
Figure 61 Adobe Stone Wall ....................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 62 Cross-Laminated Timber ............................................................................................................. 57
Figure 63 Emergency Generator ................................................................................................................. 58
Figure 64 Translucent Daylighting Panels ................................................................................................... 58
Figure 65 Solar Windows ............................................................................................................................ 59
Figure 66 Dubai Design District ................................................................................................................... 60
Figure 67 Dubai Design District ................................................................................................................... 61
Figure 68 Dubai Design District ................................................................................................................... 61
Figure 69 Dubai Design District ................................................................................................................... 61
Figure 70 Xinhee Design Center .................................................................................................................. 62
Figure 71 Xinhee Design Center Section ..................................................................................................... 62
Figure 72 Xinhee Design Center Aerial View............................................................................................... 62
Figure 73 Xinhee Design Center Interior .................................................................................................... 63
Figure 74 Xinhee Design Center Interior..................................................................................................... 63
Figure 75 Xinhee Design Center Footbridge ............................................................................................... 63
Figure 76 Xinhee Design Center Interior .................................................................................................... 63
Figure 77 Xinhee Design Center Interior .................................................................................................... 63
Figure 78 San Martino Fashion House ........................................................................................................ 64
Figure 79 San Martino Fashion House Interior ........................................................................................... 64
Figure 80 San Martino Fashion House Interior ........................................................................................... 64
Figure 81 San Martino Fashion House Facade ............................................................................................ 65
Figure 82 San Martino Fashion House Interior ........................................................................................... 65
Figure 83 SM Mall of Asia ........................................................................................................................... 65
Figure 84 SM Moa Facade........................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 85 SM MOA Interior ......................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 86 SM Moa Construction ................................................................................................................. 67
Figure 87 SM Moa Construction ................................................................................................................. 67
Figure 88 Moda Lokal Fashion Hub Organizational Chart .......................................................................... 83
Figure 89 Site Layout Bubble Diagram ........................................................................................................ 84
Figure 90 Moda Lokal Centre: Fashion Centre Bubble Diagram ................................................................. 84
Figure 91 Retail and Business Centre Bubble Diagram ............................................................................... 85
Figure 92 Promote and Exhibition Centre Bubble Diagram ........................................................................ 85
Figure 93 Fashion Centre Matrix Diagram .................................................................................................. 86
Figure 94 Fashion Centre Matrix Diagram .................................................................................................. 86
Figure 95 Fashion Centre Matrix Diagram .................................................................................................. 86
Figure 96 Fashion Centre Matrix Diagram .................................................................................................. 86
Figure 97 Fashion Centre Matrix Diagram .................................................................................................. 86
Figure 98 Retail & Business Matrix Diagram ............................................................................................... 87
Figure 99 Promote & Exhibition Centre Matrix Diagram ............................................................................ 87
Figure 100 Retail & Business Centre Matrix Diagram ................................................................................. 87
Figure 101 Promote & Exhibition Centre Matrix Diagram .......................................................................... 87
Figure 102 Retail & Business Centre Matrix Diagram ................................................................................. 87
Figure 103 Promote & Exhibition Centre Matrix Diagram .......................................................................... 87
Figure 104 Retail & Business Centre Matrix Diagram ................................................................................. 87
Figure 105 Retail & Business Centre Matrix Diagram ................................................................................. 87
Figure 106 Outdoor Exhibition Area Matrix Diagram ................................................................................. 88
Figure 107 Promote & Exhibition Centre Matrix Diagram .......................................................................... 88
Figure 108 Promote & Exhibition Centre Matrix Diagram .......................................................................... 88
Figure 109 Promote & Exhibition Centre Matrix Diagram .......................................................................... 88
Figure 110 Neo-vernacular Architecture .................................................................................................. 103
Figure 111 Form Concept.......................................................................................................................... 104
Figure 112 Pile Foundation ....................................................................................................................... 105
Figure 113 Cable Tension Facade.............................................................................................................. 105
Figure 114 Adobe Stone Wall ................................................................................................................... 106
Figure 115 Cross-Laminated Timber ......................................................................................................... 106
Figure 116 Translucent Daylighting Panel................................................................................................. 107
Figure 117 Solar Windows ........................................................................................................................ 107
Figure 118 Cross Laminated Timber ......................................................................................................... 108
Figure 119 Adobe Stone Wall ................................................................................................................... 108
Figure 120 Bamboo Solid Panel ................................................................................................................ 109
Figure 121 17 Line Cost Analysis ............................................................................................................... 110
 List of Tables

Table 1 Site Selection Process ..................................................................................................................... 10

Table 2 Site Selection and Description........................................................................................................ 12
Table 3 Site Selection and Description........................................................................................................ 12
Table 4 Site Selection and Description........................................................................................................ 13
Table 5 Site Evaluation ................................................................................................................................ 15
Table 6 Site Evaluation ................................................................................................................................ 16
Table 7 Site Evaluation ................................................................................................................................ 17
Table 8 SWOT Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 40
Table 9 Development Controls ................................................................................................................... 73
Table 10 BP 344 Parking Slot....................................................................................................................... 73
Table 11 NBCP Parking Requirement .......................................................................................................... 73
Table 12 BHL NBCP...................................................................................................................................... 74
Table 13 Local & Int. Tourist Arrival NCR .................................................................................................... 75
Table 14 Local & Int. Tourist Arrival NCR .................................................................................................... 75
Table 15 Local & Int. Tourist Arrival NCR .................................................................................................... 76
Table 16 Wearing Apparel Establishments PH............................................................................................ 76
Table 17 Wearing Apparel Establishments PH............................................................................................ 76
Table 18 Wearing Apparel Establishments PH............................................................................................ 76
Table 19 Textile and Garments Exporters PH ............................................................................................. 77
Table 20 Textile and Garments Exporters PH ............................................................................................. 77
Table 21 Textile and Garments Exporters PH ............................................................................................. 77
Table 22 Population Growth Rate of Paranaque City ................................................................................. 78
Table 23 Population Growth Rate of Paranaque City ................................................................................. 78
Table 24 Population Growth Rate of Paranaque City ................................................................................. 78
Table 25 Tourist Destinations Distribution Around Metro Manila ............................................................. 80
Table 26 Major Shopping Malls in the Philippines ...................................................................................... 81
Table 27 Exhibition & Convention Centres in the Philippines .................................................................... 82
Table 28 Moda Lokal Centre: Fashion Centre Space Programming............................................................ 93
Table 29 Retail and Business Centre Space Programming .......................................................................... 97
Table 30 Promote and Exhibition Centre Space Programming ................................................................ 101
Table 31 Outdoor Exhibition Area ............................................................................................................ 102
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1. Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1. The Project

According to the Department of Trade and Industry, the Philippines' fashion industry is striving to
regain its competitive edge in both domestic and international markets (DTI, 2018). The fashion
industry has four levels that contribute to revitalizing the fashion industry in the Philippines: the
manufacturing of fibers, textiles, leather, and fur; the creation of fashion products by designers,
manufacturers, and contractors; retail sales; and advertising and marketing. These levels comprise
numerous independent yet interrelated sectors dedicated to supplying customer demand for clothes
under profitable circumstances.

Garments and textiles are vital to the fashion industry and economic progress. In the 1990s, exporting
clothes and textiles was a "sunrise industry." Since the Multi-Fiber Agreement (MFA), which favored
garment and textile exports, expired, the performance of the sector has plummeted. This caused the
Philippine quota-dependent companies to shutter factories and downsize (Rodolfo, C., 2018). The
Board of Investment (BOI), which promotes investment and leads industry development, is
continuing to strengthen its efforts to help the fashion industry recover from recent setbacks.
Currently, the industry is seen as one with significant potential that might produce the necessary
number of workers. As of the 2017 annual report of manufacturing establishments, which was
released by the Philippine Statistics Authority, the percentage distribution of establishments that
produce wearing apparel is 4.2%, totaling 5,919 businesses that are contributing to the economic
development of the Philippines (PSA, 2020).

After going up by 9% in 2019, exports fell by 25% in 2020 to $1.4 billion before going back up by
22% to $1.8 billion, which is still less than the $1.9 billion they were before the pandemic. In the first
four months of 2022, clothing exports increased 16% to $266 million from $229 million in 2021
(Agoncillo, M., 2022). These figures imply the fashion industry's recovery will continue to grow in the
coming years. In conjunction with the government's Manufacturing Resurgence Program, the BOI
evaluates the existing situation and economic performance, identifies obstacles, and develops a
Roadmap for the Fashion Industry.

The BOI is developing a Roadmap for the Fashion Industry as part of the Manufacturing Resurgence
Program's (MRRP) Industry Development Program (IDP) to determine the best course of action for
the industry going forward based on its current status, economic performance, and identified
impediments. The BOI's 2020 released Roadmap for the Fashion Industry encourages the clustering
of fashion industry enterprises, and associates and supports industries to decrease costs and
achieve economies of scale (BOI, 2020).

In this regard, a proposed development of a Fashion Hub will serve as a platform with amenities that
will bring together the Philippine fashion industry and promote Filipino culture domestically and
internationally. Furthermore, to promote the Philippines' fashion industry, which may aid in marketing
distinctive Filipino-made products to encourage tourism and economic growth, an architectural

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 design known as Neo-Vernacular will be applied in the creation of a fashion hub in order to inspire
and draw attention from both domestic and foreign visitors. Also considering the experiential design
approach for the Fashion Hub that targets the visitors’ experience of immersive aesthetic architecture
that will contribute to envisioning the project as a marker and representation of the growing distinctive
local wearing apparel businesses in the fashion industry. It will also serve as a place for presenting
and displaying local wearing apparel products to attract foreign and local investors and visitors.

1.2. Problem Statement

The Philippine Fashion Industry is known as one of the competitive players in the local and
international markets during the year of 1990s. There is evidence of fluctuation in exportation values
in the past years. After going up by 9% in 2019, exports fell by 25% in 2020 to $1.4 billion before
going back up by 22% to $1.8 billion, which is still less than the $1.9 billion they were before the
pandemic.

As the Philippines is striving to revitalize the fashion industry, the government solely implied
clustering the sectors is able to reduce costs and sustain inclusive economic growth according to
their roadmap public report in 2020. Hence, the provided plans by the government are generalized
but have specific goals: to restore the Philippines’ position among the global leaders in fashion
industry exports and increase the business profitability of the fashion industry including the
manufacturers, exporters & retailers.

The primary problem that the proposal seeks to address is the unavailability of a centralized
organizational structure that can bring together all aspects of the fashion industry, including
manufacturers, exporters, and especially retailers. The necessity for a centralized structure for the
fashion industry also provides the required amenities to implement functional spaces/areas for each
sector, including retail outlets and exhibition/event facilities.

1.3. Project Goals

The project proposes a Fashion Hub that will offer a platform enabling modern local apparel fashion
designers, professionals, and enthusiasts to contribute to introducing Filipino fashion domestically
and internationally. Offering a broad range of amenities in the fields of fashion, commerce,
entertainment, culture, and leisure, and presenting a strong and unique personality, it acts as a hub
for individuals interested in apparel and accessories. In addition, building a connection between
architecture and fashion by identifying important Philippine fashion characteristics through
architecture.

1.4. Project Objectives

The Proposed Fashion Hub aims;
• To provide a fashion hub that will gather Philippine local fashion apparel brands/companies wherein
they can promote and market/export the local modern apparel products in one place.
• To provide a platform that will help the preservation of the Philippine fashion industry and regain its
reputation as a competitive player in the domestic and international markets.
• To develop and plan facilities or spaces essential for local designers to assist the local fashion sector
in expanding, including retail and exhibition blocks.
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 • To create a relationship between architecture and Philippine fashion.

1.5. The Client

1.5.1. Background of the Client
CITEM is the Department of Trade and Industry's export promotion arm (DTI). CITEM is devoted to
creating, supporting, and promoting globally-competitive SMEs, exporters, designers, and
manufacturers via an Integrated Approach to Export Marketing. CITEM has made the country a top
export destination for 30 years. It sets high requirements for creativity, quality, and innovation to
boost export competitiveness. As the leader in export promotion, CITEM conducts export-driven
programs, organizes landmark events in the Philippines, and has high-profile promotional efforts in
important markets abroad. (Reference: CITEM, 2022)

Figure 1 Logo of CITEM Figure 2 Logo of CITEM & DTI

1.5.2. Mission, Vision, Goal

Mission
We enable Philippine companies to become global champions through sustainable export promotion
programs and activities.
Vision
By 2023, CITEM is a globally recognized export promotion agency that brings Philippine products
and services to priority markets.
Goal
To market and promote the Philippines as a reliable source of QUALITY export products and services
in the GLOBAL market through TRADE FAIRS and MISSIONS and other EXPORT PROMOTIONS
PROGRAMS. (Reference: CITEM, 2022)

1.5.3. Organizational Chart

The organizational chart below is the diagram that visually conveys the CITEM’s internal structure
with detailed departments and positions of the organization’s employees from the Office of the
Executive Director to the Corporate Services Department.

4
 Figure 3 Organizational Chart of CITEM

1.5.4. Issues and Aspirations

Promoting Philippine goods and services abroad is CITEM's primary goal. As part of this effort, the
Philippines is repositioning itself as an export leader. Through CITEM, the country's reputation as a
top market for high-quality exports has been solidified. In order to remain export competitive in the
global market, it maintains a commitment to the highest levels of creativity, quality, and innovation.
CITEM's mission is to create an environment where SMEs, exporters, designers, and manufacturers
may thrive and compete on a worldwide scale.

1.5.5. The Client and Proposed Project

The objectives of the project proposal are also to promote Philippine local products, particularly in
the fashion sector. This can help the revitalization of the Philippine Fashion Industry by providing a
fashion hub, which CITEM can use to provide facilities that will be needed by their specific target
market, which are the SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises), exporters, and designers.
CITEM's goals complement the objectives of the project proposal, which are also to promote
Philippine local products, specifically in the fashion sector.

1.6. Project Scope and Limitations

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 The study profoundly focuses only on Fashion Hub to the community that analyzes the feasibility of
the selected project and site. It will focus on the architectural design, which functions circulations,
and usage are planned such as considerations to laws, rules, and materials, yet limited to
engineering services, and its detailed specification, and some additional requirements that are
needed to present in the proposed project. Therefore, the following statements are the project scope
of the study:

• To provide a center/hub for modern local fashion brands/companies to collaborate and

promote their products to the local and foreign consumers/investors, promoting tourism and
economic growth of Parañaque City.
• To provide standard facilities to cater to the needs of the local fashion apparel
brands/companies, such as retail establishments and exhibition/event facilities.
• To provide a platform that will help the preservation of the Philippine fashion industry and
regain its reputation as a competitive player in the domestic and international markets.

The target market design capacity of the classified commercial project is planned based on the
number of wearing apparel establishments and textile and garments exporters in the Philippines.
Furthermore, the number of foreign and local tourists visiting the National Capital Region will also
be included in the study's design capacity.

1.7. Design Process

The five-stage architectural design approach allows for the development and evaluation of a project
in specified phases. It provides essential structure and organization to the project timeline, provides
review intervals, and establishes a planned release of design information and the study’s outcome.
The subsequent sequence of design stages shows defined learning objectives by setting attainable
project goals.

Figure 4 Design Process

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Defining Problem
Developing and analyzing the lack of a Fashion Hub that promotes the Fashion Industry in the
country specifically in the National Capital Region wherein tourism and economic development are
at the pick of the region.

Data Gathering
In this project, gathering data for the determined problem will support the need for the Fashion Hub
project to realize the further development of the Philippine Fashion Industry and the economy of the
region.

Concept Analyzation
This is the gradual form of designing concepts and presenting possible designs for the approval of
the project.

Solution Development
This is the phase of design providing developments of plans and design visualization based on the
schematic design documents.

Concept Presentation
After finalizing the concept and plan, it will be carried out to present the pre-final output to analyze
and identify the needed revisions of the project.

Final Output
This will be the phase of the study wherein final revisions of the design are developed and completed
the necessary information or concepts to finally present the finished project.

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CHAPTER II
SITE PROFILE AND ANALYSIS
2. Chapter 2: Site Justification
Site selection and analysis play a significant role in the chosen project proposal’s study and research. A
thorough investigation must help the proponent choose the right location for the project proposal.
Understanding the site conditions can help with the architect’s design approach, analyzing the issues
such as site location, size, topography, zoning, traffic conditions, climate, etc.

2.1. Site Selection Process

Site Evaluation
1 – Poor 3 – Good 5 – Excellent
2 – Fair 4 – Very Good

Natural, Environmental, and Physical Factors

SITE C
SITE A
SITE B
(Diosdado (Alphaland, Bay City,
(J.W. Diokno Blvd,
Macapagal Blvd, Baclaran,
CRITERIA % Pasay)
Tambo, Parañaque) Parañaque)

Equivale Equivale Equivale

Ranking Ranking Ranking
nt % nt % nt %

Land Area/ Lot Size 20% 5 20 4 16 5 20

Accessibility 10% 5 10 5 10 1 2
Soil Characteristics & 10
10% 5 10 5 10 5
Condition
Accessibility of Utility & 10
10% 5 10 5 10 5
Service Needs
Vulnerabilities to Natural 8
10% 4 8 4 8 4
Hazards
Site Drainage 5% 4 4 4 4 4 4

Topography 10% 5 10 5 10 5 10

Climate 10% 4 8 4 8 4 8

Orientation 5% 5 5 5 5 5 5

Existing Vegetation 5% 3 3 4 4 2 2

Future Expansion Plan 5% 4 4 4 4 4 4

TOTAL 100% 92% 89% 83%

Legal, Institutional, Administrative, and Aesthetic Factor
Proper Land Use & 20
20% 5 20 5 20 5
Zoning

9
 Ease of Ownership 25% 4 25 4 25 4 25

Land Cost 35% 3 26.25 2 17.5 3 26.25

Compatibility with 20
20% 5 20 4 16 5
Adjacent Land Use
TOTAL 100% 91.25% 78.5% 91.25%
Socio-Economic and Cultural Factor

Site Potential 20% 3 20 3 20 3 20

Accessibility to Major 24
30% 5 30 5 30 4
Roads
Must be Within Urban 20
20% 5 20 5 20 5
Area
Accessibility to Important 15
15% 5 15 5 15 5
Existing Facilities
Pedestrian Access and 15
15% 5 15 5 15 5
Circulation
TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 94%

OVERALL PERCENTAGE 94.42% 89.17% 89.42%

Table 1 Site Selection Process

The above table summarizes the effects of the essential elements and criteria needed for the project site.
The PROPOSED SITE A on New Seaside Drive in Tambo, Parañaque, is the ideal option for the proposed
project's site location.

2.1.1. Site Selection Criteria

SITE A: Tambo, Parañaque

SITE PROFILE:
Location: Diosdado Macapagal Blvd, Tambo,
Parañaque, Metro Manila
Land Area: Approximately 5.49 ha
Mode of Transportation: Near an airport terminal and
accessible through public buses, PUVs, and private
vehicles.
Proximity to Existing Facilities: Near residential
areas (including private residential, condominiums, and
townhouses), less than 1km away from Ayala Malls
Manila Bay, Solaire Resort & Casino Manila, Okada
Manila, Tambo Elementary School, City of Dreams
Manila.
Figure 5 Site in Tambo, Paranaque

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 SITE B: Roxas Blvd., Pasay
SITE PROFILE:
Location: Roxas Boulevard, Pasay, Metro Manila
Land Area: Approximately 3.29ha
Mode of Transportation: Near an airport terminal and
accessible through public buses, jeepneys, PUVs, and
private vehicles.
Proximity to Existing Facilities: Near residential
areas (including private residentials, condominiums,
and townhouses), less than 1km away from PICC,
CCP, Sofitel Philippines Plaza, Lime resort, Star City,
Rizal Memorial Stadium, Medical Center, DFA, World
Trade Center, and Dampa Seaside Market.

Figure 6 Site in Roxas Blvd., Pasay

SITE C: Baclaran, Parañaque

SITE PROFILE:
Location: Alphaland Bay City, Baclaran, Parañaque,
Metro Manila
Land Area: Approximately 4.65 ha
Mode of Transportation: Accessed by taxis and
private vehicles.
Proximity to Existing Facilities: Less than 1km away
from Solaire Resort & Casino Manila, Golden Phoenix
Hotel, SM Mall of Asia, and Monarch Park Suites.

Figure 7 Site in Baclaran, Paranaque

2.1.2. Site Selection and Description

Natural, Environmental, Physical Factors
CRITERIA DESCRIPTION
Land Area/Lot Size the lot size is large enough for the office and the amenities
Accessibility (Modes of Near to the airport terminal, and accessible by PUVs, taxis,
Transportation) motorcycles, and private vehicles.

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 The soil in the province is basically alluvial soil ranging from drift
Soil Characteristics and Condition
sand and rich, loamy.

Accessibility of Utility and Service Existing utilities and services are available
Needs within the site
Vulnerabilities to Natural Hazards
(Flooding, Site Erosion, The site is free of any potential damage/injury from natural hazards
Seismologic Activity)
Site Drainage The site has definite drainage
Topography The site is relatively flat
Climate The site has good climate
Orientation Excellent sun and wind orientation
Existing Vegetation The site has enough existing vegetation
Future Expansion Plan Has larger area for additional amenities
Table 2 Site Selection and Description

Legal, Institutional, Administrative, and Aesthetic Factor

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION
Proper Land Use and Zoning The land is within a C-3 (Commercial) zoning classification
Ease of Ownership The site is divided with few property owners or sole owner
Land Cost The site has a reasonable value
Compatibility with adjacent Land
Perfectly relates with the adjacent land use
Use
Table 3 Site Selection and Description

Socio-Economic and Cultural Factor

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION
Site Potential The site is potential for local and international business sectors
Accessibility to Major Roads The site is within reasonable walking distance or 1km and less.
Must be within Urban area The site is within a highly developed urbanized area
Accessibility to important existing Necessary existing establishments are within less than a kilometer
facilities of the site

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 Pedestrian access and
Pedestrian access can be constructed without major road work
circulation
Table 4 Site Selection and Description

2.1.3. Site Evaluation

NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND PHYSICAL FACTORS
Land Area/Lot Size

Rank No. Description

The lot size is inadequate to meet the suggested minimum lot size requirement set in
1
the national building code.
The lot size is adequate to meet the suggested minimum lot size requirement set in the
2
national building code.
Lot size exceeds 50% of the suggested minimum lot size requirement
3 set in the national building code and provides an area for another expansion or provision
of other adjacent amenities and activities.
Lot size exceeds 75% of the suggested minimum lot size requirement set in the national
4 building code and provides an area for another expansion or provision of other adjacent
amenities and activities.
Lot size exceeds more than 100% of the suggested minimum lot size requirement set in
5 the national building code and provides an area for another expansion or provision of
other adjacent amenities and activities.
Accessibility Network Criteria
1 Accessed by taxis and private vehicles.
2 Accessed by PUVs, taxis, and private vehicles.
3 Accessed by jeepneys, PUVs, taxis, and private vehicles.
4 Accessed by public buses, jeepneys, PUVs, taxis, and private vehicles.
Near an airport terminal and accessible through public, buses, jeepneys, PUVs, and
5
private vehicles.
Soil Characteristics and Condition
1 Soil is unstable all over and soil mostly consists of made ground or fill.
2 Soil is unstable for most parts of the site and mostly consists of peat and organic soil.

13
 Some remote area of the site has unstable soils and mostly consists of cohesive soils
3
(hard, firm, and soft clays).
Most areas of the site have stable soils and mostly consist of non-cohesive soils (hard
4
clays, gravel, and sand).
Soils are stable and mostly consist of rocks (igneous, gneissic, limestone,
5
sandstone, schist, slate, mudstone).
Accessibility to Utility and Services
1 No existing utilities and services and have known difficulties of access on site.
2 No existing utilities and services but are far from the site.
3 No existing utilities and services but are accessible near the site.
4 Existing utilities and services are available adjacent to or near the site.
5 Existing utilities and services are available within the site.
Site Drainage
1 Site is mostly low, and the neighboring areas drain into it.
2 Drainage accumulates in some portions of the site.
3 Drainage accumulates in some portions of the site.
Site has definite drainage with water coming from adjacent properties but can merely be
4
contained.
5 Site has definite drainage with no unnecessary water coming from adjacent properties.
Topography
1 Site contains major topographic irregularity and cannot hold possible uses.
2 Site contains major topographic irregularity and cannot hold possible uses.
3 Site is not even, but can still hold all possible uses.
4 Site is chiefly even and can hold all possible uses.
5 Site is relatively flat and can hold all possible use.
Climate
1 The site has an irregular dry and wet season.
2 Site experiences a greater wet season than the dry season.

14
 3 Site experiences a greater dry season than the wet season.
4 Site has a fair climate and weather conditions.
5 Site has a good climate and weather conditions.
Orientation
1 The site does not have good sun and wind orientation.
2 The site does not have good sun and wind orientation.
3 The site does not have good sun and wind orientation.
4 The site does not have good sun and wind orientation.
5 The site has both excellent sun and wind orientation.
Existing Vegetation
1 The site has no existing vegetation.
2 The site has 10% existing vegetation.
3 The site has 20% existing vegetation.
4 The site has 20% existing vegetation.
5 The site has 20% existing vegetation.
Future Expansion Plan
1 The site has no potential for future expansion.
2 Relevant variances are approved to future expansion.
3 Relevant variances are approved to future expansion.
4 Relevant variances are approved to future expansion.
5 Has a larger area for additional amenities for the property development.
Table 5 Site Evaluation

LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL, AND AESTHETIC FACTORS

Proper Land Use and Zoning

Rank No. Description

1 Land’s present/future zoning does not allow use for a commercial project.
Land’s current zoning does not allow commercial projects but the exemption can be
2
appealed.

15
 3 Land’s current zoning permits commercial projects with a provision on the usage.
4 Land is currently within a C-3 zone but will probably change.
Land is within a C-3 zoning classification set in the National Building Code or within a
5 Central Business District and present/future zoning permits commercial projects or no
zoning restrictions exist.
Ease of Ownership
1 The site is divided by many property owners.
2 The site is divided by a moderate number of property owners.
3 The site is divided among a few property owners.
4 The site is relatively undivided.
Land Cost
1 Site is high-priced.
2 Site is above the reasonable value but is still affordable.
3 Site is at a reasonable value.
4 Site is below the reasonable value.
Compatibility with Adjacent Land Use
1 Incompatible with the adjacent land use and the surrounding context.
2 Considerable differences with the adjacent land use and surrounding context.
3 Certain differences with the adjacent land use and surrounding context.
4 Relatively fit with the adjacent land use and surrounding context.
5 Perfectly relates to the adjacent land use and surrounding context.
Table 6 Site Evaluation

SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL FACTORS

Site Potential

Rank No. Description

1 Site is the potential for job opportunities and a rationalized residential plan.
Site is potential for local business sectors and agencies, job opportunities, and a
2
rationalized residential plan.

16
 Site is potential for local and international business sectors and agencies, tourism
3
development, job opportunities, and rationalized residential planning.
Accessibility to Main Road
1 Site is more than 5km away or a 1-hour vehicle ride.
2 Site is within 4 km away or a 1-hour vehicle ride.
3 Site is within 3km away or 30 minutes of vehicle ride.
4 Site is within 2km away or 10 minutes vehicle ride.
5 Site is within reasonable walking distance or 1km and less.
Accessibility to Important Existing Facilities
1 Necessary existing establishments are within 5km and above.
2 Necessary existing establishments are within 3-5km from the site.
3 Necessary existing establishments are within 3km of the site.
4 Necessary existing establishments are within 1-2km from the site.
5 Necessary existing establishments are within less than a kilometer of the site.
Pedestrian Access and Circulation
1 No existing pedestrian access is available that can reasonably be constructed.
2 No existing pedestrian access is available that can reasonably be constructed.
3 Pedestrian access can be constructed without major road work.
Site has existing pedestrian access that is suitable for 1/2-kilometer travel and has an
4
existing traffic control system.
Site has existing pedestrian access that is suitable for 1/4-kilometer travel and has an
5
existing traffic control system.
Table 7 Site Evaluation

2.1.4. Site Justification

The final site project is selected by analyzing and utilizing the site criteria process. Accordingly,
selecting three proposed and suitable sites were run through a site criteria process.
• The selected site is located along Diosdado Macapagal Blvd, Tambo, Parañaque, Metro Manila.
• Fortune Genius Development Corporation owns the site with approximately 5.31 hectares of
total land area.

17
 • The site is classified under Special Investment District (SID) based on the City Zoning Ordinance
07-027 (Comprehensive Land Use & Zoning of the City of Paranaque); SID is also classified as
Business and Mercantile C-3 (Commercial) in the National Building Code of the Philippines.
• The site location is known because of the Boulevard 2000 project of the government in the
reclaimed coastal area and now soon to rise Entertainment City.
• The site is primarily located in the residential and commercial community.
• Most of the nearby commercial establishments and manufacturing companies are located along
Quirino Avenue, MIA Rd, Roxas Blvd., Macapagal Avenue, and Aseana City, where
Entertainment City will soon rise. These include Uniwide Coastal Mall, Pearl Plaza, Sony
Warehouse, and Asia Brewery warehouse. Various restaurants, brokerages, commercial banks,
gasoline stations, and clinics exist.
• Near residential areas (including private residential, condominiums, and townhouses), less than
1km from Ayala Malls Manila Bay, Solaire Resort & Casino Manila, Okada Manila, Tambo
Elementary School, City of Dreams Manila.
• Almost all business establishments invest in Tambo as one prime location where businesses
can be visible.
• Accessible using public buses, taxis, PUVs, and private automotive and motor vehicles. The
Ninoy Aquino International Airport is located less than 2.3 kilometers with 10 minutes travel
away from Tambo, Parañaque City. Traveling to the site Tambo from NAIA Terminal, the site
can be reached by private vehicle, bus, and taxi via Parañaque – Sucat Road/Route 63.

2.2. Site Profile

2.2.1. Macro-Meso Site Analysis: Region / Province / City / Town

Macro Site Analysis

Region: National Capital Region
Geography
The National Capital Region (NCR) is the only region
without any provinces. There are 17 local government
units (LGUs), consisting of 16 cities and one municipality.
A Mayor governs each of Metro Manila's 16 cities and
one municipality. The provinces of Bulacan to the north,
Rizal to the east, Cavite to the southwest, and Laguna to
the south border the National Capital Region. Laguna de
Bay lies to the southeast, while Manila Bay is to the west.

Demography
The National Capital Region (NCR) population as of 01
May 2020 is 13,484,462 based on the 2020 Census of
Population and Housing (2020 CPH). This accounts for
Figure 8 NCR Map about 12.37 percent of the Philippine population in 2020.

18
Meso Site Analysis
Province/City/Town: Parañaque City

Geography
The center of Parañaque is located at a longitude
of 121°01′ and latitude of 14°30′. (center). They
are located 9.5 kilometers south of the Rizal
Monument in the southern portion of Metro
Manila.

Political Boundaries
The geographical limits of Parañaque Pasay City
to the north, Muntinlupa to the southeast, Las
Pinas to the southwest, Taguig to the northeast,
and Manila Bay to the west surround Parañaque
City.

Coastal Boundaries Figure 9 Parañaque City Boundary Map

Parañaque’s coastal lands are a portion of Manila Bay and are bounded to the northeast by Pasay
City and to the west by Bacoor and Cavite on Manila Bay. Approximately seven (7) significant rivers
pour into Manila Bay. The following are the major rivers that flow into Manila Bay.
1. Pasig River (National Capital Region)
2. Pampanga River (Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and
Bulacan)
3. Talisay River (Bataan) THE SITE
4. Meycauayan (Bulacan)
5. Navotas/Malabon Tullahan and Tenejeros
River (National Capital Region)
6. Imus River (Cavite)
7. Maragondon River (Cavite)

Land Area
With a total land area of 46.57 square kilometers,
Parañaque City ranks as the fourth biggest
municipality in the National Capital Area (NCR).
There are two (2) different districts and sixteen
(16) individual barangays. Two districts, I and II,
have eight (8) barangays apiece. Barangays
Baclaran, Tambo, Don Galo, Sto. Nino, La
Huerta, San Dionisio, Vitalez, and San Isidro
make up the first district, while Barangays BF,

Figure 10 Parañaque City Barangay Boundary Map

19
San Antonio, Marcelo Green, Sun Valley, Don Bosco, Moonwalk, Merville, and San Martin de Porres
make up the second district.

Figure 11 Parañaque City Land Area per Barangay

Demography
Parañaque is expected to have a population of 681,735 in 2016, with 148,535 dwellings. This
amounts to around 0.68 percent of the total population of the Philippines and 5.29 percent of the
NCR. According to the 2010 census conducted by the NSO, Parañaque has the sixth greatest
population in the Philippines.

Land Use
History of Land Use and Classification
In the 18th century, fishing and salt production was the town's principal industries (Irasan). Baclaran,
Tambo, Don Galo, Sto. Nino, La Huerta, and San Dionisio have fishponds and salt beds. La Huerta
and San Dionisio are agricultural. What they can't produce from fishing and farming, they make from
chickens, pigs, needlework, and shells. La Huerta, San Dionisio, and Baclaran were trade hubs. La
Huerta's municipal hall is now Parañaque Hospital. San Dionisio has public elementary and high
schools, commercial establishments, and the Church of Tata Dune, where the traditional comedy is
performed annually. Baclaran's Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church visits nearby towns and "tiyange"
marketplaces.

Land Use Development

The favorable topography of Parañaque is a great asset. Landscape features include low hills and
meandering drainage. The east slope rises 4-40m. The growing population allows for urbanization.
Subdivisions, commercial, and industrial businesses grew to service burgeoning cities. The airport
became residential and commercial in the 1970s. Republic Act No. 8507 incorporated Parañaque on
13 February 1998. Vitalez, Moonwalk, Merville, San Isidro, San Antonio, BF Homes, Marcelo Green,
Don Bosco, Sun Valley, and San Martin de Porres are La Huerta and San Dionisio's agricultural
extensions. Baclaran is the primary commercial district; Ninoy Aquino and Dr. A. Santos Avenues
are expanding. Financial conflicts. Barangay BF Homes, Better Living Subdivision's Dona Soledad
Avenue, and Moonwalk's Multinational Village feature new businesses.

Along the South Superhighway, Merville, Sun Valley, Marcelo Green, and San Martin De Porres are
industrial hubs. The residential area of Parañaque is equally distributed between Barangay Tambo
and the other barangays. Commerce and industry contributed to the city's success. Farmland, salt
beds, fishponds, and marshes in Old Parañaque have been replaced by offices and industry.
Currently, the city issues licenses and awards contracts for food goods, motorbikes, automobiles,

20
trucks, household appliances, pharmaceuticals, electronic components, and semiconductors. Once
a seaside village, Parañaque is now a world-class city.

Current Land Use

As of 2014, the land uses in Parañaque City shown in the table are the area in square meters, area
in hectares and the percentages of the land use per category over the total land use.

Figure 12 Parañaque City Land Use Category (2014)

The current land use distribution is shown in the accompanying pie chart. residential uses account
for 48% of the 4,657,00 acres of land. Each and every barangay has residential land use. The
neighborhoods with the most inhabitants include San Dionisio, Moonwalk, Don Bosco, San Isidro,
Sun Valley, Marcelo Green, and BF Homes. Public Utility Development, mixed-use land development
in Barangay Vitalez, where NAIA Terminal 1 is situated and surrounded by freight, warehouse, and
logistic hubs in Sto. Nino, Moonwalk, and San Dionisio receive 18% of the pie. 13% is used for
commercial purposes, with Baclaran serving as the current center. Central Business District.
Commercial businesses can be found along Quirino Avenue from Barangay Baclaran to Barangay
San Dionisio; Macapagal Boulevard from Barangays Baclaran to Don Galo as Special Investment
District; Dr. A. Santos Avenue from Barangay San Dionisio to Barangay BF; Doa Soledad Ave. from
Barangay Moonwalk to Barangay Don Bosco; and Presidents Avenue, Aguirre Eleven percent (11%)
for industrial use in San Martin de Porres and along the West Service Road in Merville, Sun Valley,
Marcelo Green, and San Antonio. Institutional, parks, utilities, and cemeteries get the remainder.

Figure 13 Parañaque City Land Use Distribution

Land Use Category
1. Residential Zone –principally for dwelling/housing purposes.
2. Commercial Zone – conducting trading/services/ business purposes.

21
3. Industrial Zone – industries for manufacturing products for local consumption or distribution within
the community or for regional consumption. Classified into non-pollutive/non-hazardous and
pollutive/hazardous.
4. Institutional Zones – shall be characterized by government and protective uses as well as
institutional and social services for the entire community and shall be characterized further by
specialized governmental agencies providing institutional, protective, security, and social services
for the region or the country as a whole, and which are governed by specialized regulations including
mental hospitals, rehabilitation and training centers, military and security services.
5. Parks and Recreation Zone – diversion/amusements and for the maintenance of the ecological
balance of the community.
6. Cemetery - consists of public and private graveyards and above-grounds burial areas.
7. Utilities - Areas devoted to transport support facilities, such as bus/jeep terminals or stations, car
barns, taxi stands, freight loading storage, handling, loading and unloading areas, depot repair and
maintenance facilities, piers, airports, train yards and other related facilities including
communications, infrastructure, and other utilities.
8. Creeks and Rivers – natural waterways system.
9. Planned Use Development - land development that allows planned land use mixes so designed
to enhance the immediate environment rather than a resort in its deteriorating use. Characterized by
a mixed dwelling, commercial, institutional, and other compatible uses

THE SITE

NOTE:
The proposed site is
located in Barangay
Tambo and is
characterized as
commercial land use
according to 2015
Existing Land Uses of
Parañaque City.

Figure 14 : Parañaque City Existing Land Use (2015)

22
Topography
Parañaque is a relatively low-lying region comprised of alluvial and coastal plains. Along the coastline
of six (6) barangays, including Baclaran, Tambo, Don Galo, and Sto. Nino, La Huerta, and San
Dionisio, the terrain is flat. The alluvial plains are found in the barangays of Moonwalk, Vitalez, San
Isidro, BF, Don Bosco, Marcelo Green, Merville, Sun Valley, San Antonio, and San Martin de Porres
at heights between 4 and 40 meters above sea level.

THE SITE

NOTE:
The proposed site is
located in Barangay
Tambo and is
characterized as
relatively flat terrain.

Figure 15 Parañaque City Topography Map

Geology (Soil and Rock Formation)

The land in Parañaque is under the Guadalupe land category. The region features three distinct soil
types. This includes Obando fine sandy loam, Guadalupe clay, and Guadalupe clay adobe. These
soils result from volcanic eruptions that generate a texture ranging from dirt to clay loam, which can
retain more water and is thus highly ideal for agricultural production. There is more clay than silt in
the soil. It has a limited permeability and a large capacity for swelling.

THE SITE

NOTE:
The proposed site is
located in Barangay
Tambo and has
Alluvial Soil which is
one of the best soils,
requiring the least
water due to its high
porosity. The
consistency of alluvial
soil ranges from drift
sand and rich, loamy
soil to silt clays.

Figure 16 Parañaque City Geology Map

23
Climate
Atmospheric Temperature
The climate of Parañaque City is the same as that of other cities in Metro Manila. Based on
PAGASA's Modified Coronas Classification Climate Map of the Philippines, the city's climate is
categorized as Type I. The climatic categorization indicates two distinct seasons: dry (November–
April) and rainy (May–October). Between June and September, the rainiest months, the most rainfall
occurs. Additionally, Paranaque receives relative humidity throughout the year averaging seventy-
six percent (76%), with the hot weather growing hotter in May with an average temperature of 34.4
Celsius and the cold weather becoming colder from November to February. It is located in an area
with an average temperature of 23 degrees Celsius and a "Hanging Amihan" wind speed of 3 miles
per second out of the northeast.

Cloudiness and Rainfall

According to PAGASA's 2012 Climate and Agromet Data, the wettest month in Parañaque is August,
with 418.4 millimeters, while the driest month is March, with just 4.0 millimeters of precipitation. For
the years 2020–2050, PAGASA released forecasts of the climate. The following tables provide the
expected seasonal rise in temperature (in C), change in seasonal precipitation (in %), and frequency
of severe occurrences happening in the National Capital Region (NCR) under the medium-range
emission scenario from 2020 to 2050.

The tropical wet and dry climate and the tropical monsoon climate are two separate phases. The dry
season in Metro Manila lasts from January to May, whereas the wet season lasts from June to
December. The city experiences yearly precipitation of 1.822 millimeters, a temperature of 34.4
degrees Celsius, relative humidity of 76%, and a wind speed of three miles per second from the
southeast.

Natural Hazards
Hydro-Meteorological Hazards
More than twenty (20) typhoons and typhoons hit the Philippines every year because of their position.
It is anticipated that they will strike during the wet season, from July to September. Recent years
have seen the highest probability of flooding occurrences in the city, resulting in property damage,
traffic congestion, job interruptions, class suspensions, infections, epidemics, and so on, all caused
by monsoon events exacerbated by cyclones. Persistent heavy rains often cause Parañaque’s
flooding at high tide. However, the water typically recedes within a few hours after the storm.

24
Flood
Parañaque’s frequent floods are well-
known in the region. All six coasts are
flood-prone. Every Barangay might
flood. Most of the city's flooding is THE SITE

produced by water systems that run

east to Manila Bay. San Dionisio
often floods. This flat area retains
stormwater until it can be released.
Barangay Moonwalk's drainage
system was improved by building a
diversion stream and relocating
informal settlers. Parañaque floods
with heavy rains and high tide.
Outside the city, storms are more
destructive. However, the region is
less vulnerable.

Figure 17 Parañaque City Flood Hazard Map

THE SITE

NOTE:
The proposed site is
located in Barangay
Tambo is likely to
experience Low flood
heights of less than
0.5 meter and/or
flood duration of less
than 1
day according to the
Flood Hazard of
Parañaque City.

Figure 18 Parañaque City Flood Hazard Map with Critical Facilities

25
Severe Wind
Severe Wind Hazard Maps illustrate sensitive locations. These places have varied wind speeds. It's
based on cyclone data from 1951 to 2011, when the Philippines joined the International Tropical
Cyclone Tracking Center. Local site wind multipliers account for terrain height, windward structure
shielding, and topographic considerations when computing local wind speed.

THE SITE

NOTE:
The proposed site is
located in Barangay
Tambo have an event
scenario of a 0.2% annual
exceedance probability
(500-year return period)
or there’s a 5%
occurrence of wind
storms in a year. With an
estimated 141 - 170 gust
wind speed (km/h).

Figure 19 Severe Wind Hazard Map Brgy. Baclaran, Don Galo, & Tambo

The above figure is the severe wind hazard map of the City of Parañaque mainly covering the
areas of Barangays Baclaran, Don Galo, and Tambo. The event scenario is that of a 0.2% annual
exceedance probability (1/500).

Storm Surge
This is a map illustrating the potential storm surge dangers in Parañaque City. Geomorphologic
analyses and field observations made during interviews and surveys estimate the flooding's extent.
The PAGASA-DOST, NAMRIA, and MMEIRS carried out the research. Data collected from
noteworthy occurrences of tropical cyclones are used together with storm surge model outputs to
calculate surge heights. Maximum sustained winds of more than 117 kilometers per hour (kph) define
a tropical storm for the research. The sizes of the surges and inundations shown on the map are
mostly calculated from observable data.

THE SITE

NOTE:
The proposed site is located in Barangay Tambo an estimated 0.35
km from the Manila Bay channel and approximately less than 1km
from Manila Bay. Wave Height: 4.1-14.0 m Storm surge possible in
coastal areas.
- Light to Moderate damage to high-risk structures;
- Very light to light damage to medium-risk structures;
- No damage to very light damage to low-risk structures.
- Unshielded, old dilapidated schoolhouses, shanties, and structures
of light materials are partially damaged or unroofed.
- Some old galvanized iron (G.I.) roofs may be peeled /blown off.
- Some wooden, old electric posts are tilted or downed.
Figure 20 Parañaque City Storm Surge Hazard Map
26
Earthquake

THE SITE

NOTE:
The proposed site is located in Barangay Tambo
have an Intensity Low 8 scale to a magnitude 6.5
earthquake according to PHIVOLCS Earthquake
Intensity Scale.
- Damage slight in specially designed structures
- considerable damage in ordinary substantial
buildings with partial collapse.
- Damage is great in poorly built structures.
- Fall of chimneys, factory stacks, columns,
monuments, walls. Heavy furniture overturned.
Figure 21 Parañaque City 6.5 Magnitude Earthquake

The above figure is an example of a Ground Shaking Hazard Map of the City of Parañaque. The
event scenario on the map is a magnitude 6.5 earthquake occurring along the West Valley Fault.

THE SITE

NOTE:
The proposed site is located in Barangay Tambo have
an Intensity High 8 scale to a magnitude 7.2
earthquake according to PHIVOLCS Earthquake
Intensity Scale.
- Damage slight in specially designed structures
- considerable damage in ordinary substantial
buildings with partial collapse.
- Damage is great in poorly built structures.
- Fall of chimneys, factory stacks, columns,
monuments, walls. Heavy furniture overturned.

Figure 22 Parañaque City 7.2 Magnitude Earthquake

The above figure is an example of a Ground Shaking Hazard Map of the City of Parañaque. The
event scenario on the map is a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurring along the West Valley Fault.

27
Soil Liquefaction
A liquefaction hazard map of Parañaque illustrates the occurrence of an earthquake; liquefaction
occurs when loose soil behaves like a liquid. In such a scenario, the earth becomes exceedingly
uneven and unstable, posing a threat to nearby structures.

THE SITE

NOTE:
The proposed site is located in
Barangay Tambo have a High
Susceptibility to Liquefaction Hazard.
However, the liquefaction hazard
maps do not restrict the construction
of any structures and development in
areas susceptible to liquefaction as
long as proper engineering
considerations are applied.

Figure 23 Parañaque City Liquefaction Hazard Map

Tsunami
Parañaque City tsunami hazard map constructed using topography and bathymetric maps and
seismic and tectonic data from existing tsunami programs. Tsunami inundations (or tides) are
measured according to the present physical circumstances of the location. It doesn't show how a
tsunami may affect a faraway place. The image does not show the potential consequences of
earthquake-triggered undersea landslides, which might trigger tsunamis.

THE SITE

NOTE:
The proposed site is located in
Barangay Tambo in a Tsunami
Inundation Area but to an extent since
the tsunami hazard map is based on
the current physical condition of the
study area.

Figure 24 Parañaque City Tsunami Hazard Map

28
Demographic and Social Profile
Population Growth Rate
The city of Parañaque is a densely populated coastal area of the National Capital Area. The city
proper has 46.57 square kilometers (17.98 square miles) of land. The upcoming 2020 census
estimates its population to be 689,992. This amounts to 5.12% of the total population of the National
Capital Region. Based on these numbers, the population density is estimated at 14,816 people per
square kilometer (or 38,376 people per square mile).

Figure 25 Parañaque City Population Per Barangay

Figure 26 Parañaque City Population Growth Rate

29
Historical Population Growth
With a starting population of 6,507 in 1903, Parañaque is expected to have 689,992 residents by the
year 2020. With a population of 665,822 in 2015, the most recent census data from 2020 shows a
growth rate of 0.75 percent, or an increase of 24,170 individuals.

Figure 27 Parañaque City Historical

Figure 28 Parañaque City Historical Population Growth

Economy Growth Rate

The regular annual revenue of Parañaque for the fiscal year of 2016 was ₱3,757,404,271.99.

Figure 30 Parañaque City Economy Growth Rate

Figure 29 Parañaque City Historical

30
Power Supply and Distribution System
MERALCO supplies Paranaque’s need for electrical power. The provision of electricity service is
offered to three categories of end-users: residential, commercial, and industrial.

Water Supply and Distribution System

Previously, the city's water supply had been a big issue, but this is no longer the case. The municipal
administration of Parañaque coordinates with Maynilad Water, also known as the Manila Waterworks
and Sewerage System, to ensure that citizens have access to a clean and reliable water supply. The
MWSS provides services to a large percentage of the city's residents. The mission districts may find
a few remaining pumps and artesian wells. Bulacan delivers the majority of the water. Balara
Treatment Plant and La Mesa Treatment Plant, located 27 and 32 kilometers distant, respectively,
serve as the primary treatment facilities.

Communication Facilities
Parañaque City has two posts: the central office at La Huerta and an extension at City Hall. Philippine
Long-Distance Telephone (PLDT) and SMART Communication serve the City's jurisdiction. PLDT
has 16 barangays with customers. From Barangay San Antonio to the South Superhighway along
Moonwalk, Don Bosco, and Merville, the XC5 Program expanded and upgraded the system. Sucat
Barangay San Isidro, San Dionisio, and La Huerta are included. Barangay Baclaran, Tambo, Don
Galo, Sto. Nino, Ninoy Aquino Ave., San Martin de Porres, Coastal Marina, and Asia World have
completed expansion and renovation projects. GLOBE Telecommunications, PLDT, and SUN
Cellular serve Paranaque City.

Transportation
Road Networks
The length of the complete road network in the city is 358.176 kilometers. The Dr. A. Santos Avenue
construction strengthened Paranaque's road network (DASA). The expansion project cut travel times
and simplified usage for the public and commuters. Paranaque has an estimated population of
654,770 and a road network of 358,176 km, more than adequate to suit its transportation needs.
Three radial roads connect Paranaque City to nearby cities. Baclaran, Paranaque City's
northernmost barrio, is situated on radial 1, the southernmost stretch of Roxas Boulevard to Pasay
and Manila. Radial 2 serves the same number of cars. However, most commuter PUVs use it.
Paranaque, Pasay, and Makati are connected by SLEX radial 3. Circumferential Road 5, or C5, helps
alleviate traffic and decongest Parañaque’s main road, DASA. The 2011-2016 Philippine
Establishment Plan prioritizes the development of an integrated transport system with three
intermodal terminals in North-South and Southwest Metro Manila, one of which is in barangay
Tambo. On February 21, 2012, EO 67, "Providing for the Establishment of the Integrated Transport
System (ITS)," authorized the construction of the transportation network. 97% of roads are safe. Due
to excessive traffic and flood damage, several routes require ongoing maintenance and repairs
before and after the rainy season. Repairs are prioritized on E. Rodriguez and Canaynay Avenue,
which regularly sink after heavy rains.

31
 Figure 31 Parañaque City Road Network

Figure 32 Parañaque City Major & Secondary Roads Figure 33 Parañaque City Entry & Exit Points

THE SITE

NOTE:
The proposed site is located in
Barangay Tambo adjacent to major
roads such as Seaside Drive which
transportation such as buses, PUVs
(taxi and UVexpress), private cars, and
motor have access. Another major
road is the Coastal Road which has
access to buses, jeepneys, PUVs,
private cars and motor.
Figure 34 Parañaque City Road Network
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Transport Facilities
Private cars and PUVs, including jeepneys, buses, shuttles, taxis, Tricycles, and pedicabs, play a
significant role. Jeepneys and taxis dominate city streets. Tricycles and pedicabs are popular in the
suburbs. Public buses and shuttle buses are utilized to go through NCR and Cavite. Public buses
service the SLEX, Coastal Road, Roxas Blvd., and the city's north. Public transportation meets
people's needs. The train network connects the NCR to the City. Parañaque is served by LRT 1's
Baclaran and PNRL's Bicutan stations.

Characterizing the Economic Sector

The Primary Sector
Fisheries
Being a highly urbanized city, Parañaque has no major primary economic activities. Few fisher folks
are thriving along the coastal areas of Don Galo, Tambo, and San Dionisio that make a living with
the resources found within the coastal regions and temporarily find settlements right at the edge of
Manila Bay. There are four major and minor Agricultural occupation groups in Paranaque City dated
the year 2015, namely (a) Aqua–Farm Cultivators, (b) Mussel/Oyster, (c) Inland and Coastal water
Fisherfolks, and (d) Deep Sea Fisher Folks. There is a total of 786 agricultural labor force, with 347
males and 439 females. The barangay with most of the farm labor force in Brgy. San Dionisio with
22 labor force.

Among the four groups, the Inland and Coastal Water Fisher Folks have the most significant labor
force, with 716 fisher folks. Moreover, the other three groups are dominated by the male labor force,
with one (1) male each for Aqua-Farm Cultivators and Mussel/Oyster and none (0) for Deep Sea
Fisher Folks.

Forestry
The Agriculture Office participated in the Billion Trees Program thru the dispersal of forest trees
(acacia, calumpit, narra, molave, and mahogany) in 16 barangays and planted 3,200 seedlings with
the support of Rotarians and barangay constituents. Seedling dispersal and planting fruit trees
(mango, santol, camachile, jackfruit, guyabano, and lemon) in 16 barangays were also conducted,
with a total of 3,740 dispersals planted.

Agricultural Crops
Parañaque City, one of the Highly Urbanized Cities (HUC) in the Philippines, practices urban farming
and only produces small-scale production of crops as it only utilizes vacant lots in Barangay BF and
Barangay Moonwalk. The annual production of vegetables in the city reached up to 11.05 MT,
consisting of pechay, mustard, kinchay, spring onion, lettuce, spinach, and sweet potato (camote).
Urban farming was slowly introduced to households in mission areas and public elementary schools
to mitigate hunger, ensure food for every family and reduce malnutrition. At present, the City
Agricultural, Fisheries, and Aquatic Services Division provide 10,000 packets of seeds dispersal
(okra, petsay, mustard, sitaw, eggplant, tomato, kangkong, ampalaya, squash, upo, patola, radish,
and kinchay) to 7,237 households in mission areas for them to start receptacle gardening. There are

33
also 24 pieces of training and lectures conducted to promote crop production technologies and to
disseminate agricultural information to farmers and mothers through home visits.

Livestock and Poultry

The livestock and poultry business are still the primary source of living for 53 operators in Paranaque.
They are primarily goats, ducks, and poultry. During inventory and livestock inspection, 305 poultry,
five ducks, and three goats provide income to livestock growers. The Agriculture Office provides
information dissemination training/seminars and home visits. The Office also conducted 12 surveys
on the order of the Supreme Court for the demolition of the Piggery Project.

The Secondary Sector

Manufacturing
There are 149 manufacturers evenly distributed all over the jurisdiction of Parañaque City. The pie
chart shows the number of manufacturers per barangay and its magnitude compared to other
barangays. As we can see, Brgy. Marcelo Green has the most significant number of manufacturers
with 39, followed by Brgy San Valley with 21 manufacturers, while Brgy. Baclaran and Brgy Vitalez
has no manufacturers in their jurisdiction.

The concentration of manufacturing plants in the south has been well distributed all over Paranaque
City’s jurisdiction along the southern expressway, East and West service roads in barangay San
Martin De Porres, Marcelo Green, Merville, and areas of barangay Don Bosco, Sun Valley, and
Moonwalk. These types of businesses are not limited to the barangays mentioned above, of which
the barangays of San Dionisio, Tambo, San Antonio, and BF Homes, among others, house these
economic activities as well. These manufacturing facilities range from food processing plants to
consumer goods, technology, and similar product lines. The sprouting business establishments in
Paranaque City may indicate these industries’ confidence in the city’s secure economic system and
state. It may well mean progressive economic growth that spreads to the recent development of new
business opportunities.

Figure 35 Parañaque City Number of Manufacturers

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The Tertiary Sector
Public Market
The industry of dry goods market is very much concentrated in the northern barangays of Parañaque,
particularly in Brgy. Baclaran. Its dry goods markets are well-known throughout the country as the
“Bargain Hunter’s Heaven,” where the line of ready-to-wear (RTW) clothing is haggled for items. The
wet market continues in the northwestern area where marine products are purchased straight from
the boats, particularly at Bulungan or Fisherman’s Wharf in Brgy La Huerta. Moreover, the City
Agriculture Office has conducted 60 monitoring activities to ensure the quality of foods sold to 54
markets, talipapa, meat establishments, and meat shops in Parañaque City.

Tourism
Parañaque City has many tourism opportunities that could help boost its economy. The tourism
industry in the city can be categorized into three groups: Cultural Tourism, Religious Heritage
Tourism, Ecotourism, and Entertainment or Leisure Tourism.

Cultural Tourism
The City enjoys various festivities that induce a look back to the old Paranaque ways and traditions.
Sunduan relates to the old courtship custom of waiting and accompanying one’s lady love and seeing
her home safe. The Cityhood Anniversary showcases many festivities, including the Sambalilo
festival, Regata de Palanyag, and Komedya. These are among the unique celebrations the city is
known for, bridging the gaps between the modern city and its youthful years, enriching and
contributing to consistent social and cultural preservation.

Figure 36 Parañaque City Cultural

Activities/Festivals
Religious Heritage Tourism
The City of Parañaque is rich with religious heritage and churches. One of the most known churches
is the Our Lady of Perpetual Church, commonly known as the “Baclaran Church.” The devotees visit
the church to attend the mass and pray the Novena to the Mother of Perpetual Help every
Wednesday.

Ecotourism
A newly developed site expected to boost the economy is the ecotourism site along the coastal areas
shared by Parañaque City and Las Piñas City, known as the Las Piñas-Parañaque Critical Habitat
and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA). Established through Presidential Proclamation No. 1412, the
LPPCHEA is a nature reserve south of Manila Bay declared as the first critical habitat in the country
and managed by the DENR and hosts different species of migratory birds from China, Japan, and
Siberia; thus, making it a Bird Sanctuary.

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 Entertainment and Leisure Tourism
As the business boomed in the developing central business district in the reclaimed area in the Manila
Bay Area, different hotels, casinos, and establishments provided entertainment and leisure for the
entire family. The city homes establishments such as Solaire Resort, City of Dreams, Okada Manila,
and Entertainment City. Local and Foreign tourists frequently visit this establishment to relax and
enjoy life away from their everyday lifestyles.

Financial and Real Estate Institutions

Parañaque City has 126 financial intermediation and 45 real estate scattered throughout its
jurisdiction. The barangay with the highest number of financial intermediations in Brgy. BF with 28
institutions. BF Homes has evolved into a commercial-residential community after opening its gates
to motorists and businesses flourishing. On the other hand, Brgy. Tambo is the barangay with ten
real estate institutions with the highest number of fundamental state institutions.

Figure 37 Parañaque City Financial & Real Estate Institution

Business and Commercial Establishment
Registered Establishment
There are 14,830 business and commercial
establishments that have been issued business
permits and licenses in 2012. Out of 14,830
establishments, 12,994 are renewals, 1,836 are
new businesses, and 112 closed their
establishments. Of the registered companies, 131
are Banking Systems, and one hundred and
twenty-five (125) are commercial banks, two (2)
savings banks; two (2) rural banks; and two (2)
other banks. There are also one hundred and forty- Figure 38 Parañaque City Business Registration

nine (149) manufacturers, one hundred fifty-three (153) wholesalers, two hundred thirteen (213)
importers, six hundred thirty-six (636) services, forty (40) real estate developers, sixty-six (66)
distributors, fifty-four (54) holding company, twenty-eight (28) exporters, one hundred fifty-three
shops, one hundred twenty-one (121) laundry, forty-four (44) eatery/ refreshments and 1,169
registered sari-sari stores in the city.

2.2.2. Micro Site Analysis: The Site and its Immediate Environs
Site Location

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 The proposed project site is located along Diosdado Macapagal Blvd, Tambo, Parañaque City, with
Commercial Zoning (Special Investment District). The proposed site is around less than kilometers
from the existing facilities such as residential areas (including private residential, condominiums, and
townhouses) and less than 1km away from Ayala Malls Manila Bay, Solaire Resort & Casino Manila,
Okada Manila, Tambo Elementary School, City of Dreams Manila. The land area is approximately
5.49 hectares which can be accessed using public buses, jeepneys, PUVs, and private automotive
and motor vehicles. The Ninoy Aquino International Airport is located less than 2.3 kilometers with
10 minutes travel away from Tambo, Parañaque City. Traveling to the site Tambo from NAIA
Terminal, the site can be reached by private vehicle, bus, and taxi via Parañaque – Sucat
Road/Route 63.

Figure 39 Project Site Location

2.2.3. Site Inventory and Analysis

Bioclimatic Analysis

Figure 40 Project Site Bioclimatic Analysis

37
In order to provide thermal comfort utilizing natural resources, the Fashion Hub concept's basic
design is based on the local climate, which is determined by a bioclimatic analysis of the site project.
The purpose of this evaluation is to ensure that the occupants of the proposed project will have
access to a safe, convenient, and environmentally responsible facility. The accompanying diagram
illustrates how the bioclimatic study of the land contributes significantly to the development and
design of the Fashion Hub.
Technical Description Bearing Transfer Certificate of Title No. 010-2022000310
1-2 N 17 50’ W 1,690.19m
2-3 S 80 05’ W 186.86m
3-4 N 03 13’ E 259.61m
4-5 N 03 13’ E 40.14m
5-6 N 03 13’ E 23.42m
6-7 S 86 52’ E 181.54m
7 S 03 08’ W 280.98m

Figure 43 Project Site Figure 42 Project Site Figure 41 New Seaside Drive Rd.

Figure 44 Sidewalk Figure 45 Existing Nearby Figure 46 Road and Figure 47 Existing Nearby
Dev. Sidewalk Facility
Surrounding and Adjacent Developments

Figure 48 Project Site Surrounding & Adjacent Developments

38
The proposed site is around less than kilometers from the existing facilities such as residential areas
(including private residential, condominiums, and townhouses) and less than 1km away from Ayala
Malls Manila Bay, Okada Manila, Tambo Elementary School, and City of Dreams Manila. At a radius
of 1.5km from the site, establishments are located such as Solaire Resort & Casino Manila, the
Department of Foreign Affairs, the Philippine Airport Diagnostic Laboratory, and residential buildings.

Figure 54 Ayala Malls Manila Bay Figure 53 Okada Manila Figure 52 Tambo Elementary
School

Figure 49 City of Dreams Manila Figure 50 Solaire Resort Figure 51 Department of Foreign
Affairs
SWOT Analysis
STRENGTH WEAKNESS

• The site is adjacent to a major road (New Seaside • A nearby mall is located within 1km
Drive), wherein users of the facility can easily vicinity of the site, which can be a
access it. possible competitor for consumers
• The site provides enough area for future expansion of commercial establishments of the
or provision of other adjacent amenities and project.
activities. • Accessibility to transportation
• Site is relatively flat and can hold all possible use. jeepneys is unavailable on the
adjacent road of the site.
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

• The site is located in one of the Highly Urbanized • Possible storm surge
Cities (HUC) in the Philippines. • Low to moderate flooding
• Strategic location: The site is located in the
developing premiere entertainment district of
Parañaque, filling up with resorts and casinos
wherein Local and Foreign tourists frequently visit
these establishments.

39
 • The site is near the Ninoy Aquino International
Airport (NAIA), wherein local and foreign tourists
depart and arrive at the vicinity of the site.
• The site is nearby the Parañaque Integrated
Terminal for less than 1km, wherein commuters
can easily access it.
Table 8 SWOT Analysis

2.3. Initial Schematic Design

Initial schematic design refers to the initial draft drawings that provide a broad overview of the
proposed project's essential components. These drawings will be prepared prior to the completion of
the original schematic design. If more drawings are required to finish the project, they will be included
in the initial schematic design. This portion of the article will outline significant design concepts, such
as presenting spatial connections between buildings or facility components. This will help readers
visualize the perfect project proposal and its first structure. In addition, the location of each building
or facility component relative to one another will be visually represented.

Figure 55 Site Development Perspective

40
Figure 56 Site Development Plan

41
CHAPTER III
DESIGN INPUTS
3. Chapter 3: Design Inputs
3.1. Design Standards
3.1.1. National Building Code of the Philippines
RULE VII - Classification and General Requirements of All Buildings by Use or Occupancy
This section discusses the categories of classified and mixed occupancy and the requirements for each kind
of occupancy. The construction project must adhere to the regulations regarding its standard lot size,
occupancy, and height of the proposed project, which is classified as Group E, Division E-2.

• Section 701 Occupancy Classified

The accompanying matrix shows the Groupings and Divisions and the corresponding uses. The final
column indicates the Zoning Classification.
• Section 703 Mixed Occupancy
General Requirements: When a building is of mixed occupancy or used for more than one
occupancy, the whole building shall be subject to the most restrictive requirement about any of the
types of occupancy found therein except in the following:

a. When a one-story building houses more than one occupancy, each portion of the building shall
conform to the requirement of the particular occupancy housed therein and;

b. Where minor accessory uses do not occupy more than 10% of the area of any floor or a building,
nor more than 10% of the primary area permitted in the occupancy requirements, in which case, the
immediate use of the building shall determine the occupancy classification.
• Section 705 Allowable Floor Areas
General. The Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA) of any proposed building/structure
shall only be as allowed under this Rule.
• Section 707 Maximum Height of Buildings
1. The maximum height and number of storeys of the proposed building shall be dependent upon
the character of use or occupancy and the type of construction, considering end-user population
density, light, and ventilation, the width of RROW/streets particularly of its roadway/carriageway
component, building bulk, off-street cum off-site parking
requirements, etc. and about local land use plan and zoning regulations as well as other
environmental considerations, e.g., geological, hydrological, meteorological, topographical,
prevailing traffic conditions, the availability and capacity of public utility/service systems, etc. (Refer
to Guidelines on Building Bulk at the end of this Rule)

2. Determination of Building Height:

a. BUILDING HEIGHT LIMIT (BHL) - the maximum height to be allowed for buildings/structures
based on their proposed use or occupancy; the BHL is generally determined after the application of
other development controls (DC) and specific other parameters, i.e., considerations of site
conditions, view, etc. (Table VII.2. of this Rule). The BHL shall be generally measured from the
established grade line to the topmost portion of the proposed building/structure. If applicable, the
BHL may be subject to clearance requirements of the Air Transportation Office (ATO) or the
concerned military/security authorities. (Refer to Guidelines on Development Controls at the end of
this Rule) BHL excludes the height of permitted/allowed projections above the roof of the
building/structure, e.g., signage, mast, antenna, telecom tower, beacons, and the like.

43
b. The Building Height Limit (BHL) of any proposed building/structure shall only be as allowed under
this Rule (as shown in the table below) or under the duly approved city/municipal (local) zoning
ordinance, whichever is more restrictive.

3. Other Considerations in Height Determination

a. The following factors shall govern in any given locality, the height of proposed buildings/structures:

i. The designer/space planner must consider both the present and projected population density within
the project site and in the project’s location/area at the entire completion/operation of the project;
ii. For a given volume of building/structure (the building bulk), that which has a lesser Percentage of
Site Occupancy (PSO) or area of ground coverage Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF)
or Maximum Allowable Construction Area (MACA) may be built higher than that with a greater PSO,
AMBF or MACA;

iii. A proposed building/structure which has a more significant TGFA requirement shall be built higher
than that with a lower TGFA requirement;

iv. A proposed building/structure on a lot with a higher FLAR designation/rights may be built higher
than that on a lot with a lower FLAR designation/rights; and

v. Lots that face a wider RROW and, therefore, with more RROW features/elements, may become
the site of a taller building/structure compared to a lot facing a narrow RROW.

b. The following RROW-based limitations shall also govern the height of proposed
buildings/structures:

i. If only one (1) RROW services a lot and such is only 6.00 to 7.00 meters wide, a BHL of three (3)
storeys (or 9.00 meters maximum) shall be observed regardless of use or occupancy, lot size, lot
dimensions, lot frontage and like considerations.

ii. If only one (1) RROW services a lot and such is only 4.00 to 5.00 meters wide, a BHL equivalent
to 2 ½ storeys (or 7.50 meters maximum) shall be observed regardless of use or occupancy, lot size,
lot dimensions, lot frontage and like considerations. If only one (1) RROW services a lot and such is
only 3.00 meters wide or less, a BHL equivalent to two (2) storeys (or 6.00 meters maximum) shall
be observed regardless of use or occupancy, lot size, lot dimensions, lot frontage and like
considerations.

iii. Taller buildings are allowed for duly approved high-density developments such as Planned Unit
Development (PUD) areas. Taller and bulkier buildings are better suited in such areas due to higher
end-user targets, more advanced and coordinated planning efforts, and the project proponents'
application of more stringent development controls (DC).

c. The following factors shall also be considered in the determination of the building height:
i. Soil characteristics, lot location about fault lines and earthquake belts, or proximity to volcanoes
and other geological conditions.
ii. Hydrological conditions such as the water table at the site and distance to waterways and
shorelines.

44
iii. Meteorological conditions include the frequency and intensity of destructive typhoons/monsoon
winds/rains, prevailing wind speed and direction, relative humidity, amount of precipitation, and the
prevailing ambient conditions.

iv. Effect/s of environmental conditions on the building/structure and vice versa coupled with the
effective control of air, noise, thermal pollution, radiant heat, lights, shadows, etc., and the
optimization of natural light and ventilation.

v. Effect/s of traffic conditions on the building/structure and vice versa and the satisfaction of
parking/loading requirements by this Rule.

vi. Availability and capacity of public utility/service system considering the availability and adequacy
of electric power, potable and non-potable water supply, drainage and sewerage, transportation and
communications facilities, solid waste management system, etc.

vii. Need for applicable building safety and maintenance systems, e.g., lightning arresters, beacons,
protective railings and barriers, gondolas, window washing systems, etc.

d. By the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARP) of the International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO), where the Philippines is a member state and of Administrative Order No. 5
(Civil Air Regulation) of the Air Transportation Office (ATO), the following rules and regulations shall
govern the construction of buildings/structures within the 24.00-kilometer radius of aerodromes
where turbo-jet aircraft operate and within the 10.00-kilometer radius of aerodromes where no
turbojet aircraft operate. (Figs. VII.4. through VII.8.)

i. The height of buildings/structures within this area shall be limited by an imaginary line with a slope
of 2% or 1:50 for aerodromes where turbo-jet aircraft operate and 2.5% or 1:40 for airfields where no
turbo-jet aircraft operate from the inner edge reckoned from the surface of the runway. The
dimensions of the isosceles trapezoidal are shown in Table VII.3. hereafter.

ii. No new buildings/structures shall be allowed within the runway strip.

iii. A height clearance certificate shall be first secured from the Air Transportation Office (ATO) before
a building permit may be issued for the construction of buildings/structures located:

(a) Within a 4.00-kilometer radius of the runway ends of an aerodrome regardless of height;
(b) From a 4.00 kilometer to 24.00-kilometer radius of the runway ends of an aerodrome where turbo-
jet aircraft operate and exceeding 45.00 meters in height above the elevation of the runway; and
(c) From a 4.00-kilometer to 10.00-kilometer radius of the runway ends of an aerodrome where no
turbo-jet aircraft operate and exceed 45.00 meters in height above the elevation of the runway.

4. Parking Slot, Parking Area, and Loading/Unloading Space Requirements

a. The parking slot, parking area, and loading/unloading space requirements listed hereafter are
generally the minimum off-street cum on-site requirements for specific uses/occupancies for
buildings/structures, i.e., all to be located outside of the road right-of-way (RROW).

45
 b. The size of an average automobile (car) parking slot must be computed at 2.50 meters by 5.00
meters for perpendicular or diagonal parking and at 2.15 meters by 6.00 meters for parallel parking.
A standard truck or bus parking/loading slot must be computed at a minimum of 3.60 meters by 12.00
meters. An articulated truck slot must be calculated at a minimum of 3.60 meters by 18.00 meters
which should be sufficient to accommodate a 12.00 meters container van or bulk carrier and a
long/hooded prime mover. A jeepney or shuttle parking/loading/unloading slot must be computed at
a minimum of 3.00 meters by 9.00 meters. The parking slots shall be drawn to scale and
the total number shall be indicated on the plans and specified whether or not parking
accommodations are attendant-managed.

c. The parking space ratings listed below are minimum off-street/off-RROW cum on-site
requirements for specific uses/occupancies for buildings/structures, i.e., all to be
located outside of the road right-of-way (RROW):

d. In computing for parking slots, a fraction of 50% and above shall be considered as one (1) car
parking slot to be provided. In all cases, however, a minimum of one (1) car parking slot shall be
supplied unless otherwise allowed under this Rule.

i. Multi-floor parking garages may serve the 20% parking requirements of the building/structure within
a 200.00-meter radius, provided at least 80% of the parking requirements are complied with and
integrated into the building design.

ii. Special Provision on the Handicapped: For buildings/structures to be provided with features
intended for the use or occupancy of the disabled, the minimum provisions of Batas Pambansa (BP)
Bilang 344 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) concerning parking shall be strictly
observed.

e. Allowed Off-RROW/Off-Street cum Off-Site Parking Provision:

i. In addition to on-site cum off-RROW (off-street) parking provisions mandated under this Rule, off-
site cum off-street parking facilities may be allowed and considered part of a project provided that
such facilities specifically consist of reserved or leased parking slots within a
permanent parking building/structure and not in a vacant parking lot or parking structure/space for
commercial development and provided further that such parking slots are located no more than
100.00 meters away from a residential building project or are located no more than 200.00 meters
away from an office or commercial building project.

ii. Direct access of parking/loading/utility slots and terminals to the RROW shall be generally
disallowed to prevent the usage of the RROW as a maneuvering area.

iii. Traffic-generating buildings such as shopping malls or similar facilities that have very high volumes
of pedestrian and vehicular traffic may be located at major intersections or within 100.00 meters of
such intersections, provided that the distance between the street curb of the ingress/egress of such
a commercial lot/property (nearest the intersection) and the straight curb of the intersection shall not
be less than 50.00 meters. (Fig. VII.9.)

RULE VIII - Light and Ventilation

Rule VIII includes provisions for a structure's lighting and air conditioning, which this section elaborates upon.

46
The proposed project is commercial in nature. Ventilation, whether natural or artificial, is critical for any
project. A jet fan would need to be installed in the basement of the proposed medium-rise structure to provide
artificial ventilation.

• Section 801 General Requirements of Light and Ventilation

Subject to the provisions of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Easements of Light and View and
the specific requirements of the Code, every building shall be designed, constructed, and equipped
to provide adequate light and ventilation.
• Section 803 Percentage of Site Occupancy
The percentage (%) of site occupancy (or lot occupancy) shall be taken at the ground level and
exclusive of courts, yards, and light wells.
• Section 804 Sizes and Dimensions of Courts
The use shall govern minimum sizes of courts and yards and their most diminutive dimensions,
type of construction, and height of the building as provided hereunder, provided that the minimum
horizontal extent of said courts and yards shall be not less than 2.00 meters.
• Section 805 Sizes and Dimensions of Courts
Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling heights not less than 2.40
meters measured from the floor to the ceiling; provided that for buildings of more than one (1)
story, the minimum ceiling height of the first story shall be 2.70 meters and that for the second
story 2.40 meters and the following levels shall have an unobstructed typical head-room clearance
of not less than 2.10 meters above the finished floor.
• Section 807 Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms
1. Minimum air space shall be provided as follows:
a. School Rooms - 3.00 cu. Meters with 1.00 sq. meter of floor area per person;
b. Workshop, Factories, and Offices - 12.00 cu. Meters of air space per person; and
c. Habitable Rooms - 14.00 cu. Meters of air space per person.
• Section 808 Window Openings
1. Rooms intended for any use, not provided with an artificial ventilation system, shall be provided
with a window or windows with a total free area of openings equal to at least 10% of the floor area
of the room, provided that such opening shall be not less than 1.00 sq. meter. However, toilets and
bathrooms, laundry rooms, and similar spaces shall be equipped with windows or windows with an
area not less than 1/20 of the floor area of such rooms, provided that such openings shall not be
less than 240 sq. millimeters. Such windows shall open directly to a court, yard, public street or
alley, or open watercourse.
• Section 809 Vent Shafts
1. Ventilation or vent shafts shall have a horizontal cross-sectional area of not less than 1.00 sq.
Meter for every meter of the height of the shaft but in no case shall the area be less than 1.00 sq.
meter. No vent shaft shall have its least dimension of fewer than 600 millimeters.

2. Unless open to the outer air at the top for its total area, a skylight shall cover vent shafts
A net free area or fixed louver openings equal the maximum required shaft area.

3. Air ducts shall open to a street or court by a horizontal vent or intake. Such duct or intake shall
have a minimum unobstructed cross-sectional area of not less than 0.30 sq. meters with a
minimum

47
 dimension of 300 millimeters. The openings to the duct or intake shall be not less than 300
millimeters above the street surface or level of the court.
• Section 811 Artificial Ventilation
1. Rooms or spaces housing industrial or heating equipment shall be provided with artificial
ventilation to prevent excessive hot and polluted air accumulation.

2. Whenever artificial ventilation is required, the equipment shall be designed to meet the following
minimum requirements in air changes, as shown in Table VIII.4. hereafter.

RULE IX – Sanitation
The project study is a commercial facility that complies with NBCP sanitation standards for water supply,
wastewater, and noise pollution control. Because this is a commercial development, the noise from all
machinery, especially the plumbing and elevator, is a significant concern.

• Section 902 General Requirements

Subject to the provisions of Book II of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Property, Ownership, and
its Modification, all buildings hereafter erected, altered, remodeled, relocated, or repaired for human
habitation shall be provided with adequate and potable water supply, plumbing installation, and
suitable wastewater treatment or disposal system, stormwater drainage, pest and vermin control,
noise abatement device, and such other measures required for the protection and promotion of
health of persons occupying the premises and others living nearby.
• Section 903 Wastewater Disposal System
All buildings located in areas where there is no available sanitary sewerage system shall dispose of
their sewage to “Imhoff” or septic tank and subsurface absorption field or to a suitable wastewater
treatment plant or disposal system by the Code on Sanitation of the Philippines and the Revised
National Plumbing Code of the Philippines.
• Section 906 Noise Pollution Control
Noise as an unwanted sound both in quality and intensity and excessive vibration whose sources in
building/structure construction shall conform to acceptable limits of the required emission standards
of DENR.

RULE XII - General Design and Construction Requirements

The number of exits, the size of the stairs, the exit distance, the size of the stair rise, and the thread
additionally railings are all discussed in this section of the design and construction process to establish the
appropriate standard for every occupant load in the vicinity. Standard fire-extinguishing systems were
covered together in the following section.

• Section 1207 Stairs, Exits, and Occupant Loads

General. The construction of stairs and exits shall conform to the occupant load requirements of
buildings, reviewing stands, bleachers, and grandstands.
• Section 1212 Fire-Extinguishing Systems
Fire-Extinguishing Systems – Where required, standard automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall
be installed in the following places and in the manner provided in the Code.
RULE XIII - Electrical and Mechanical Regulations
Machines in a commercial building, like elevators, pumps, and air conditioning units, use electricity. Thus,
building codes must be in place to regulate their operation. As a result of this rule, both the building's

48
occupants and the building's electrical and mechanical systems are protected against systemic failure and
accidental malfunction.

• Section 1301 Electrical Regulations

All electrical systems, equipment, and installations mentioned in the Code shall conform to the
provisions of the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1 (PEC-1) and Part 2 (PEC-2), as adopted by the
Board of Electrical Engineering under Republic Act 7920, otherwise known as the Philippine
Electrical Engineering Law.
• Section 1302 Mechanical Regulations
All mechanical systems, equipment, and installations mentioned in the Code shall conform to the
provisions of the Philippine Mechanical Code, as adopted by the Board of Mechanical Engineering
under RA 8495 as amended, otherwise known as the Philippine Mechanical Engineering Law.

3.1.2. Batas Pambansa Blg. 344 Accessibility Law

RULE II - Minimum Requirements for Accessibility
Moreover, as a commercial facility, the project's design should be accessible to people with disabilities by
Rule II's minimum and maximum criteria.

• CATEGORIES OF DISABLED PERSONS

The categories of disability dictate the various measures to be adopted to create an accessible
environment for the handicapped.
RULE III - Specific Requirements for Buildings and Related Structures for Public Use
Rule III is where to identify the particular groups, categories, and specifications of a building. Given that our
project design falls under Category II, Group E-2, this rule will be considered a reference to determine how
the standard should be implemented in our project design.

• CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING BY USE OF OCCUPANCY

Occupancy classified by categories enumerated in Section 701 of the National Building Code (PD
1096) is hereby adapted.

Category II - Commercial and Industrial -This shall comprise partly Groups B, C, E, F, G, H, and I
Buildings

3.1.3. Republic Act No. 9514 Fire Code of the Philippines

RULE 10 - Fire Safety Measures

Chapter 2
Division 5 Means of Egress
A building's fire exits and other passageways that may serve as an evacuation route are examples of means
of egress. These are the routes that should be used in an emergency. This will apply to all types of structures,
particularly those categories and groupings of buildings with high occupancy or many occupants.

• SECTION 10.2.5.1 APPLICATION

A. Means of egress for both new and existing buildings shall comply with this Division except as may
be modified for individual occupancies by Divisions 8 through 20 of this Chapter.
49
 B. Any change, alteration, or addition that would reduce the means of egress below the requirements
for new buildings is prohibited.

Division 6 Features of Fire Protection

All of the components in division 6 apply to the design study suggested for the project. In addition, it applies
to any building because it addresses many safety elements, including automated sprinkler systems, fire
alarms, smoke detectors, communication systems, and so on.

• SECTION 10.2.6.1 CONSTRUCTION AND COMPARTMENTATION

A. Where required by any individual occupancy of RA 9514 and its RIRR, construction and
compartmentation shall apply to new, existing, permanent, or temporary buildings.

B. Appropriate provisions of the latest edition of the National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP)
shall be used to determine the requirements for the construction classification.

C. The design and construction of firewalls and fire barriers that are required to separate the
buildings or subdivide the building to prevent the spread of fire shall comply with Section 602,
Fire Resistive Standards of the latest edition of NBCP, and NFPA 5000, Building Construction
and Safety Code

D. In high-rise buildings and healthcare occupancy buildings, a quality assurance program for
devices and systems installed to protect penetration and joints shall be conducted by an
approved inspection agency by the American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) E2393, Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed Fire Resistive Joint
Systems and Perimeter Fire Barriers.

Division 7 Building Services Equipment

This section outlines the facility’s utilities and the equipment that can function independently and aid in an
emergency.

• SECTION 10.2.7.2 HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONING

A. The design and installation of air conditioning, ventilating, heating, cooking, incinerating, or other
building services equipment shall be installed by the latest edition of PMEC.

B. Where the ducting of the air conditioning and ventilating system passes through from one room
to another room or from one fire barrier to another fire barrier, it shall be provided with automatic fire
dampers.
• SECTION 10.2.7.3 SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS
A. Smoke control systems shall be provided in the following:
1. All high-rise buildings through the pressurization of all stairwells, at least one (1) elevator shaft,
zoned smoke control, and vestibule, as a component of smokeproof enclosures;
• SECTION 10.2.7.5 ELEVATORS AND ESCALATORS
A. Elevator installations shall be by the latest edition of PMEC.

50
 B. All new elevators shall conform to the firefighters’ emergency operations requirements of
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and
Escalators, except buildings of less than five (5) story in height. C. Elevators shall be subject to
periodic inspections and tests by building management without prejudice to the power or authority of
the BFP to conduct an inspection. All elevators equipped with firefighters’ emergency operation by
para “B” hereof shall be subject to a monthly operation with a written record of the findings made and
kept by the building management.
• SECTION 10.2.7.6 FIRE SAFETY CLEARANCES
A. All equipment/utilities/facilities mentioned in this Division, especially for stand-alone equipment,
shall not be installed without first securing an installation clearance from the C/MFM having
jurisdiction. This installation clearance shall be a prerequisite for the issuance of permits required by
law for these installations.

B. Installation clearance, a prerequisite for issuance of permits, shall be required in all fire protection
and warning systems in this RIRR.

C. For installations covered by FSEC, installation clearance shall no longer be required.

Division 20 High-Rise Buildings

This section is for the feature included in every structure that aids in the event of any disaster. This has
smoke control, first aid, and emergency exits.

• SECTION 10.2.20.3 SMOKE CONTROL

Smoke control systems by Section 10.2.7.3 of this IRR shall be provided in
the cited protected spaces for the safe evacuation of all occupants and the safety of the responding
fire
fighters and rescuers during the conduct of their operations.
• SECTION 10.2.20.4 SPRINKLER SYSTEMS PROTECTION
High-rise buildings shall be protected with approved, supervised sprinkler systems designed and
installed by NFPA 13. The supported managed sprinkler systems must protect all floor spaces,
including every closet and concealed space/plenum of specific configuration and construction –
mainly where combustible materials are located, such as exposed electrical wiring, combustible
duct work, and combustible sound/thermal insulation.
• SECTION 10.2.20.6 FIRST-AID FIRE PROTECTION
A. In addition to the other requirements of this RIRR, each floor shall be provided with a thirty-
eight-millimeter (38-mm) lightweight, flexible hose equipped with a spray nozzle and connected to
the wet standpipe system capable of providing water supply for at least a period of thirty (30)
minutes.

B. Portable fire extinguisher shall be provided by Section 10.2.6.9 of this RIRR.

Division 21 Operating Features

Similar to division 6 and division 20, the Operating Feature is relevant to the project. The emergency
exercise is one way to become acquainted with the fundamentals of emergency preparedness.

• SECTION 10.2.21.1 GENERAL

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 A. Fire Exit Drills
1. Fire exit drills shall be conducted in coordination with the Office of the C/MFM having jurisdiction.

2. Fire exit drills conforming to the provisions of this Division shall be regularly conducted in schools
and other occupancies specified by the requirements of Divisions 8 through 20 of this Chapter or by
appropriate action of the C/MFM having jurisdiction over the area. The C/MFM having jurisdiction
shall exercise discretion for the necessary modifications in detail of procedures to make the drills
more effective for their intended purposes.

3. Fire exit drills, where required, shall be held with sufficient frequency to familiarize all occupants
with the drill procedure and to have the conduct of the drill a matter of established routine.

Chapter 5
Division 2 Smoking
This section covers smoking places, non-smoking zones, and smoking signs, among other relevant
information. The proposed project is a commercial establishment with several restricted zones that do not
have smoke detectors or alarms that might cause the user to feel unsafe. In addition, smoking in a room or
area that only has mechanical ventilation can cause the odor of smoke to permeate the whole space.

• SECTION 10.5.2.1 DESIGNATED AND PROHIBITED SMOKING AREAS

B. It shall be unlawful for any person during that period of the year declared by the C/MFM having
jurisdiction as the hazardous season to light, ignite or smoke any tobacco, cigarette, pipe, or cigar in
or upon any brush or forest-covered land or land covered with flammable
materials.
• SECTION 10.5.2.2 NO SMOKING SIGNAGES
A. The letters “NO SMOKING” shall be made readable and recognizable within a minimum distance
of fifteen and twenty-five hundredths’ meters (15.25 m) at any given time, at least one hundred
millimeters (100 mm) high, preferably with white-colored letters upon a red background.

C. In no case shall the signage of “SMOKING AREA” be of a different color from the “NO SMOKING”
sign. The “SMOKING AREA” sign shall be posted on the entrance of the area designated as such.

3.1.4. Republic Act No. 1378 Plumbing Law of the Philippines

Chapter 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS
Since the proposed project is located near Manila Bay, a series of issues have been raised in the past years,
such as water pollution. In this matter, the project will strictly consider this section that discusses wastewater
disposal to avoid water pollution that might affect the environment and the occupants.
• Section 301 DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATERS
It shall be unlawful for any person to cause, suffer or permit the disposal of sewage, human
excrement, or other wastewater in any place or manner except through and using an approved
Excreta and Storm Drainage Systems installed and maintained by the provisions of the code.
• Section 305 SEWER REQUIRED
305.1 All buildings where plumbing fixtures are installed shall have a sewer service connection to a
public or private sewer system except as provided in Subsection 305 .2 of this section. 305.2 When

52
 a Public or Private Sewer is not available for use, excreta drainage piping from buildings and
premises shall be connected to an approved Private Sewage Disposal System.

• Section 312 INDEPENDENT SYSTEM

The drainage system of each new building and new work installed in any existing structure shall be
separate and independent from any other establishment. Every building shall have an independent
connection with a private or public sewer when available.

Chapter 6 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

Considering the scale of the development and the importance placed on cleanliness, upkeep, and curb
appeal, a reliable water supply is essential. A few primary uses for water include the cleaning of floors and
other surfaces, the operation of air conditioners, the filling of fountains, and the irrigation of lawns.

• Section 601 RUNNING WATER REQUIRED

Each plumbing fixture shall be provided with an adequate supply of potable running water to flush
and keep the same in clean and healthful conditions without danger of backflow or cross-section.
• Section 607 WATER PRESSURE, PRESSURE REGULATORS, AND PRESSURE RELIEF
VALVES
607.1 Inadequate Water Pressure - Whenever the water pressure in the primary or other sources of
supply will not provide water pressure of at least 103kPa, after allowing friction and other pressure
losses, a hydro-pneumatic pressure tank or an elevated tank and booster pump will provide said 103
kPa pressure.
• Section 608 INSTALLATION, INSPECTING, AND TEST
installation - all water piping shall be adequately supported to the satisfaction of the Administrative
Authority Burred ends shall be reamed to the full bore of the pipe or tube.
• Section 610 WATER CONSERVATION
610.1 The maximum discharge flow rates for plumbing fixture fittings shall be by the applicable
standards listed in Chapter 14.
610.2 Flush volumes for low consumption and water saver water closets and urinals shall be by
applicable standards listed in Chapter 14.

Chapter 7 EXCRETA DRAINAGE SYSTEM

It is vital to have a drainage system that is adequately planned for this proposed project to remove any excess
water from the facility and prevent water-related damage to the project. This section covers the necessity of
having a well-constructed drainage system. During the construction phase, it is essential to take preventative
measures to guarantee that obstructed water will not disrupt the work.

• Section 703 SIZE OF DRAINAGE PlPlNG

703.1 The minimum sizes of vertical and horizontal drainage pipings shall be determined from the
total of all fixture units connected to it, and in the case of vertical drainage pipes, by their height or
length.
• Section 706 CLEANOUTS
706.1 Each horizontal drainage pipe shall be provided with a cleanout at its upper terminal. Each run
of piping over 15 meters in total developed length shall be provided with a cleanout at every 15-
meter length or a fraction thereof.
• Section 708 GRAVITY DRAINAGE REQUIRED

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 Gravity will drain all plumbing fixtures into the public sewer or private sewage disposal system.

Chapter 9 VENTS AND VENTING

A balanced ventilation system that will remove stale air from every component of the structure while bringing
in an equal quantity of fresh air is crucial for this project. This will guarantee clean air within the building at all
times. One of the primary contributors to sick building syndrome is the presence of pollutants in the air. In
the planned construction project, ensuring enough airflow would safeguard the health of the occupants and
offer a pleasant environment inside the facility.

• Section 901 VENTS REQUIRED

Each plumbing fixture trap shall be protected against siphonage and back pressure except as
otherwise provided in this Code. Air circulation shall be assured throughout all parts of the excreta
drainage system using vent pipes installed by the requirements of this Chapter and as required in
this code.
• Section 904 SIZE OF VENTS
The sizes of vent piping shall be determined from its length and the total number of fixture units
connected to it, as outlined in Table 7-5 of this Code
• Section 907 VENT STACKS AND RELIEF VENTS
Each soil or waste stack which extends ten (10) or more stories above the building drain shall be
served by a parallel vent stack, which shall grow undiminished in size from its upper terminal at the
roof and connect to the soil or waste stack at the ground level and at every fifth-floor level with a
"yoke vent" at a point below the horizontal soil or waste branch connection to the stack and the
nearby vent stack above the same floor to provide a relief vent.

Chapter 11 STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM

In this section, the function of the storm drainage system is analyzed in terms of its ability to avoid floods by
channeling excess water away from paved areas. A drainage system must manage the substantial amounts
of water that flow during heavy storms to be considered adequate.

• Section 1102 RAINWATER SYSTEMS

Rainwater downspout or conductor pipings placed within the interior of a building inside a vertical
pipe chase or n.m within a vent shaft shall be of cast iron, galvanized steel, iron. brass, copper, lead,
Schedule 40 ASS, 0\VV, Series 1000, PVC DWV or other approved materials.
• Section 1104 SIZING OF RAINWATER PIPING
Vertical rainwater piping shall be sized by Table 11-1, based on maximum depth in mm or rainfall
per hour falling upon a given roof area in a square meter. Consult local rainfall figures to determine
the maximum rain per hour. Normally, a 102 mm/hour rainfall intensity is used around the Manila
area.

Paranaque City Zoning Ordinance 07-017

ARTICLE V – Zone Classifications

It has been certified by the Municipal of Parañaque City that the proposed lot is designated as a Special
Investment District/Zone (Commercial Lot). The certified zoning classification is broken down into parts and
examined in this section.

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 • Section 13 PATTERN OF LAND USES
The permissible uses within each zone are hereunder identified, and the patterns of land use are
accordingly specified.

v. SID – Special Investment District/Zone – Boulevard 2000 (Reclamation Area) (refers to the
provisions of Ordinance 07-11)

• Section 15 LAND USE & ZONING BOUNDARIES

As indicated in the Official Zoning Maps, the location and boundaries of the various zones above of
which are further subdivided into districts identified and specified as follows:

Sec. 15.13 SID – Special Investment District

BARANGAY TAMBO
Boulevard 2000 (Marina, ABP)

3.2. Building Systems

3.2.1. Environmental Systems
Rain Collection and Grey Water Systems
System-collected rainwater is stored in tanks.
Runoff systems may be installed on impermeable
surfaces, including roofs. Harvested water may be
used for irrigation, cooling towers, washing
machines, flushing toilets, and cleaning. Gray
water is wastewater from baths, showers, laundry,
and dishwashers. Gray water does not include
"black water" from toilet flushing. Installing
separate toilet and gray water drainage systems
enables the collection and reuse of gray water.
Irrigation and toilet flushing are examples.
Rainwater recharges aquifers. This reduces city
flooding induced by heavy rain. The region's Figure 57 Rain Collection & Grey Water System
agricultural population may utilize the stored water
for irrigation. Water may be used to decrease monthly water expenditures in the proposed project.
(Reference: Greentourism, 2022)

Photovoltaic Glass Panels

Photovoltaic glass (PV glass) is a technology that
enables the conversion of light into electricity. To
do so, the glass incorporates transparent
semiconductor-based photovoltaic cells, also
known as solar cells. The cells are sandwiched
between two sheets of glass. Photovoltaic glass is
not perfectly transparent but allows some available
light through.

Figure 58 PV Glass Panels

55
 Buildings using a substantial amount of photovoltaic glass could produce some of their electricity
through the windows. The PV power generated is considered green or clean electricity because its
source is renewable and does not cause pollution. In addition to energy cost savings, potential benefits
from using photovoltaic glass include reducing the facilities' carbon footprint, contributing to
sustainability, and, consequently, enhancing branding and public relations (PR) efforts. The reduced
transparency can also save on air-conditioning costs in environments where too much heat gets in
with light. Variations have been designed for environments where more light is desired. (Reference:
Ozdemir, 2022)

3.2.2. Structural Systems

Pile Foundation
A pile foundation is a deep foundation that takes
the form of a thin column or cylinder and may be
constructed from either concrete or steel. The use
of piles as a foundation allows for high loads to be
transferred from a building to solid rock strata
buried far below the surface. They are constructed
to support the structure and transmit the load to
the necessary depth, typically three times more
than its width. Large constructions and areas with
thin soil that cannot support settlement or uplift are
preferred options for using pile foundations.
(Reference: Atkinson, 2007) Figure 59 Pile Foundation

Cable Tension Facades

Loads from the facade are transferred to the
main structure through high-tensile cables or
stainless-steel rods in tension facades. The
facade gains transparency by hiding less of the
building's substantial framework. Typically,
businesses will choose between tension rod
facades and cable net walls.

To counteract the bending forces caused by the

wind, the horizontal joints in many tension rod
facades are braced by steel plate beams that
are anywhere from 1 inch to 2 inches thick.
These beam plates are supported by vertical
stainless-steel sag rods/cables, which distribute
the glass’s dead load and the beam’s weight
between the attachment locations on the
building columns. The resultant framework does
a better job distributing loads around the
building and keeps the interior and outside
views unobstructed. One variant of this façade
combines the practicality of a truss system with Figure 60 Cable Tension Facades
the cutting-edge style of stainless steel by using

56
the geometry of vertical stainless-steel rod or cable truss structures inside. (Reference: W&W Glass
LLC, 2022)

Adobe Stone Wall

Adobe is a dried mud brick that combines
the natural elements of earth, water, and
sun. It is an ancient building material usually
made with tightly compacted sand, clay, and
straw or grass mixed with moisture, formed
into bricks, and naturally dried or baked in
the sun without an oven or kiln. Adobe is a
practical and cost-effective resource in
building its easy sourcing and no-frills
application. Observed in the context of
sustainable construction, these benefits
amplify when considering their
environmental, social, and economic
advantages.
Figure 61 Adobe Stone Wall

Adobe bricks, far from being an obsolete

construction material with poor insulating properties, are now recognized as very contemporary
because of their unique abilities to store heat and moderate temperature extremes inside a structure.
Properly constructed adobe homes, taking full advantage of the sun in either active or passive solar
systems, are extremely energy efficient, at least in areas with a suitably high percentage of sunny
days. With the development of stabilized and semi-stabilized adobe brick and proper care of walls,
new adobe structures can last many years. (Reference: Craven, 2019)

Cross-Laminated Timber Construction

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a large-
scale, prefabricated, solid-engineered
wood panel. Lightweight yet very strong,
with superior acoustic, fire, seismic and
thermal performance, CLT is also fast and
easy to install, generating almost no
waste onsite. CLT offers design flexibility
and low environmental impacts. Cross-
laminated timber is a highly advantageous
alternative to conventional materials like
concrete, masonry, or steel, especially in
multifamily and commercial construction. Figure 62 Cross-Laminated Timber

A CLT panel consists of several layers of kiln-dried lumber boards stacked in alternating directions,
bonded with structural adhesives, and pressed to form a solid, straight, rectangular panel. Finished
CLT panels are exceptionally stiff, strong, and stable, handling load transfer on all sides. (Reference:
Apa Wood, 2022)

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3.2.3. Utility Systems
Emergency Generators
When the proposed project's primary
mechanical or electrical power source is cut
off, an emergency generator, such as a
reciprocating internal combustion engine or
turbine, is used to keep essential systems
running. Only in times of emergency, during
drills simulating emergency circumstances,
as part of emergency response protocols, or
during routine performance tests mandated
by law or the generator manufacturer is an
emergency generator used. A generator
used for load shedding, peak shaving, power
disruptions under an interruptible power
service agreement, or routine facility
maintenance is not an emergency generator. Figure 63 Emergency Generator
(Reference: United States Environmental
Protection Agency, 2022)

Extra Low Voltage Systems

The design of extra-low-voltage (ELV) systems falls within the purview of the electrical engineer. The
term "Extra-Low Voltage" refers to a power supply whose voltage falls within a sufficiently low range
to eliminate the danger of receiving an electrical shock from a source of high voltage (s). The term
"ELV systems" may refer to various ancillary systems, such as those used for fire detection and alarm,
voice evacuation, voice and data communication, public address, access control, intrusion detection,
CCTV, audio-visual, cellular phone, and wireless distribution. (Reference: Supermec, 2019)

3.2.4. Other Technical Issues

Translucent Daylighting Panels
Translucent panel solutions are an energy-saving,
durable and diverse glazing choice. The innovative
translucent panel construction offers both strength
and lightweight while enabling soft, diffused natural
light to brighten the interior areas. Natural daylight
has several positive effects, including reducing
energy consumption, improving the mood of a room
by providing a more natural light source than
artificial lighting, and boosting morale and
productivity. It makes the most of a building's
natural lighting. (Reference: Major Skylights, 2022)
Figure 64 Translucent Daylighting Panels

58
 Solar Windows
Solar windows are energy-efficient windows that
include solar panels. They look like regular windows
but have photovoltaic glass that turns sunlight into
sustainable electricity. Solar windows have
photovoltaic glass that contains solar cells to gather
solar energy. This solar energy is transformed into
electricity, which supplies the property's electrical
appliances. Building Integrated Photovoltaics includes
solar glass windows (BIPV). Rather than being
installed, BIPV technology is integrated into the
building. This means owners who want to create
renewable energy will not have to install solar panels.
(Reference: Windows Guide, 2022) Figure 65 Solar Windows

Bamboo Solid Panel

Bamboo became popular in modern buildings due to its versatility of use and availability. As a result
of its rapid growth, bamboo is a plentiful resource; bamboo regenerates far more quickly than wood,
which can take up to sixty years to reach the point at which it can be harvested. With wood becoming
increasingly rare in today's world, bamboo becomes the most effective renewable resource. It is
versatile since it can be used in practically any design and is sustainable because it has a small
environmental impact. As technology advances, more research is being done on conservation
methods, encouraging building innovation. (Reference: Burkett, 2022)

3.3. Specialized Allied Services

3.3.1. Architectural Interiors
An interior architect plans a place’s use, while an interior designer decorates it. Interior design covers
more tasks than merely making a building seem nice. When creating a building's interior, the architect
must balance aesthetics with utility (function and environmental design). Interior decoration
emphasizes aesthetics and furnishing a room.

3.3.2. Acoustic Design

The services of an acoustic designer involve comprehensive planning and design to regulate sound
transmission in a manner that is compatible with the overall idea of architectural design.

3.3.3. Architectural Lighting Layout and Design

Architectural Lighting Layout and Design services comprise in-depth planning and the light
transmission design, scheduling, and control to ensure compliance with the architectural design idea.

3.3.4. Building Systems Design

Highly engineered, efficient, and cost-effective production of building components, especially for
residential and commercial applications, is the focus of the architect working in this practice area.

3.3.5. Structural Engineer

Structural engineers are responsible for analyzing, designing, planning, and researching structural
components and systems to accomplish design goals, assure the safety and comfort of users or

59
 occupants, and perform other related objectives. Basic safety, technical, economic, and environmental
considerations are always considered, and aesthetic and social elements are sometimes considered.

3.3.6. Mechanical Engineer

Mechanical engineers develop equipment that produces and use power, such as electric generators,
internal combustion engines, steam turbines, and gas turbines. Mechanical engineers also design
power machines, such as air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Mechanical engineers create
additional equipment used within buildings, such as elevators and escalators, and are responsible for
their design.

3.3.7. Master Plumbers

A master plumber is an individual who is skilled in designing, maintaining, and repairing systems in a
way that is very skillful and goes beyond the capabilities of typical plumbers. They are accountable for
addressing and fixing plumbing concerns inside and outside the building.

3.3.8. Electrical Engineer

Electrical engineers develop, build, and maintain building, transportation, and power distribution
systems. They work in construction, transportation, energy (including renewables), building services,
and manufacturing. Electrical engineers must be adept in engineering science, mathematics, and
computers.

3.4. Case Studies

3.4.1. Dubai Design District
Architecture:
Henn Architekten, Munich/Germany

Construction time:
2013 – 2015

Location:
Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Figure 66 Dubai Design District

The Dubai Design District is the hub of activity for the city's creative community, including its artists,
designers, architects, and other cultural practitioners. The region is a popular destination for people
from all around, both locals and foreign visitors.

The Dubai Design District consists of four 7-story reinforced concrete structures with a 200 x 200-
meter foundation. Here are two basement parking levels. 25-centimeter-thick prestressed concrete
slabs are utilized for ceilings. Each of the four buildings' atriums has light steel and glass shells. Dubai
Design District (d3) will construct a 1,000,000-square-foot Creative Community after completing phase
1 of its master plan. The new structure will complement the previously built "core buildings" in d3 and
function as a cultural hub, inspiring designers and artists and attracting onlookers.

60
Phase 2 of this project is expected to be finished by the end of 2017. It will act as a center for up-and-
coming local designers and artists and offer a unique venue for galleries and studios to showcase their
work. The Creative Community was designed to support seasonal and yearly variations in occupancy.
The projects were conceived via focus groups, workshops, and one-on-one meetings involving d3's
management and local creative talent.

Additionally, inspiration was sought through going to renowned design districts worldwide, such as
New York's Meatpacking District and East London's Shoreditch, to comprehend what makes them
popular and modern. HH Sheikha Latifa Bint Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice Chairman of
the Dubai Culture & Arts Authority, visited d3 earlier this year. She stated that the country could
establish a thriving, diversified community by promoting skill and inventiveness.

Several prominent architectural firms competed to design the Creative Community. The winning design
of Foster + Partners includes climatic solutions, pedestrianized areas, vibrant planting, communal
facilities, and flexible office space. All this will be tied to venue management and event activations all
year.

Figure 69 Dubai Design District Figure 68 Dubai Design District Figure 67 Dubai Design District

The Creative Community will act as a hub for the UAE's growing design industry, according to d3 COO
Mohammad Al Shehhi. d3's year-round events and activities stimulate regional innovation and attract
global attention. d3's leaders have researched what makes design communities effective. They
concluded that a cost-effective facility that fosters innovation is crucial to developing a thriving design
ecosystem that will grow as more people settle in the vicinity.

Foster + Partners built d3's Creative Community to help entrepreneurs and established enterprises
network, collaborate, and be inspired. d3's Creative Community will be a unique, dynamic, and
compelling location with sustainable building designs, innovative infrastructure, and other architectural
features. Studio Head at Foster + Partners Gerard Evenden termed it a fascinating project that
strengthens Dubai's design community. They first studied how a successful youth thriving works and
what its users want to meet the goal. Based on these results, they combined venues' roles to promote
multidisciplinary interaction. Add modular modules for a thriving, self-sufficient community. They're
eager to work with the d3 team to actualize a vision that will boost the Emirate's creative industries.
They appreciate the opportunity to engage in such a unique and vital project.

Reference: Dubai Design District 2022

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3.4.2. Xinhee Design Center
Architects:
MAD Architects

Location:
Xiamen, Fujian, China

Area:
61535.0 m2

Project Year:
2017

Figure 70 Xinhee Design Center

In the coastal Chinese city of Xiamen, MAD Architects has designed a new design center for the
worldwide fashion business Xinhee. The 61,000 square meter skyscraper, shaped like six petals
expanding outward from a central atrium, will be located on a 15,000 square meter plot and will house
Xinhee and its six subsidiary businesses. Ma Yansong, the principal creator of MAD, has stated that
they want to study the link between internal and external space in a structure with a "skin and bones"
correlation between fashion and architecture.

The layout of the complex is designed in the form of a six-pointed star, and it integrates office and
garden areas into "organically-formed limbs" that connect. During summertime, the PTFE envelope
covering the vertical gardens works as a sun shade, diffusing the light and allowing air to circulate
within the structure. The light coating gives the building an attractive, floating aspect, like a thin, soft
skin covering its "bones." The building stands out because its innate logic makes it seem like it's
floating in space.

Figure 72 Xinhee Design Center Aerial View Figure 71 Xinhee Design Center Section
The architecture of the building enables flexible areas that allow various departments to connect and
communicate efficiently, and each of Xinhee's brands is given a portion of the building to ensure that
office productivity is maximized. Incorporating a radial layout, the construction maximizes efficiency
while still making the most of its surroundings regarding exposure to daylight, fresh air, and easy

62
passage to outdoor spaces. A footbridge in the atrium is a ventilation shaft and a runway for fashion
shows. Thus, the area is used for both personnel and guests.

Figure 75 Xinhee Design Center Figure 74 Xinhee Design Center Interior Figure 73 Xinhee Design Center
Footbridge Interior
The climate of the area where the design center is located was considered throughout the planning
stages. The building is raised to cut its first-floor footprint in half and contains a public garden and
water elements to increase ventilation. In the warmer months, the atrium serves as a cooling system,
while in the colder seasons, it transforms into a solar greenhouse to heat the building. To mitigate the
effects of the sun, a transparent coating will be applied to the building's external glass; solar panels
will be installed along the roof to provide for the building's electrical needs.

The dynamically expanding branches of MAD's designs build a combination of commercial office space
and lush outdoor gardens. A transparent PTFE wrapper gracefully drapes the building during hot
weather to provide ventilation and shade. The project has a total area of 15,000 square meters, with
a constructed area of 61,000 square meters; it was developed for the worldwide fashion conglomerate
Xinhee and its six subsidiary brands.

Figure 76 Xinhee Design Center Interior Figure 77 Xinhee Design Center Interior

The pattern resembles a sequence of petals emerging from a central point. The six different brands
are all given their dedicated office and research area, but they are all connected and able to share
information and collaborate. The radial architecture makes workplace space economical and
adaptable, unlike the rigid corporate "boxes" that are more commonplace. The atrium at the building's
heart is a gathering place for employees and guests. A pedestrian bridge serves as a ventilation shaft

63
 and a runway for periodic fashion events in this location. The design center's public areas, which
include both indoor and outdoor spaces, are not limited to the indoor office or the indoor garden areas,
thanks to the seamless integration of the two.

The design hub considers weather patterns in the area to maximize productivity. The building's location
is cut in half thanks to its raised design, and the ground level is devoted to public gardens and
fountains. All structure floors are cooled in the summer, and the atrium may be used as a solarium
during the winter—a pedestrian bridge with open sides that may also be used as a catwalk for special
occasions. The façade of the building has a transparent covering that allows 40% of the sun's rays to
pass through while letting in enough natural light for the workplace. Additionally, solar panels installed
on the roof provide enough energy for daily consumption.

Reference: Lynch, 2022

3.4.3. San Martino Fashion House

Architecture
Govaert & Vanhoutte Architects

Project Year:
2011

Location:
Nevele, Belgium
Figure 78 San Martino Fashion House
The fashion house San Martino designs the looks for several different brands produces collections
and manages distribution to boutiques in Belgium and neighboring countries. The ground level has
administrative and development offices, two display areas, a dispatch center, and a storage hangar.
There is a third display area on the ground level, storage, and several flexible rooms that may be used
for various purposes, such as hosting events, hosting client meetings, constructing collections, etc.
The first floor's open layout revolves around a terrace, providing a high degree of adaptability that
enthusiastically welcomes the prospect of future expansion.

Figure 80 San Martino Fashion House Interior Figure 79 San Martino Fashion House Interior

64
 The building's small footprint, effective use of insulation, shading from canopies and vertical concrete
slabs, and low-energy heating, ventilation, and lighting design all contribute to its carbon-neutral
structure. The building is located in the compound's corner, with its front facing the compound's
entrance and access road.

Figure 81 San Martino Fashion House Facade Figure 82 San Martino Fashion House Interior

The building is see-through on the side facing the entrance road, providing occupants with unimpeded
views of the surrounding environment and letting in as much natural light as possible in the ground-
floor offices and first-floor multipurpose rooms. As protection against excessive heat from the southerly
sun, the ground level slopes up to the first story.

The façade of the building has a more semi-transparent appearance, providing merely a look into the
showrooms behind it. The outside of the building is made of concrete slabs, which cover the glass
inside. An assortment of tree forms serves as a buffer between the access road and the broken wall,
helping to tie the structure together. In reality, the shattered wall reflects this tree shape. The same
patterns of various trees in front may be observed on the building's concrete surface as one
approaches it from the access road. In the fashion industry context, this idea refers to the methods
used to generate innovative textures and patterns.

Reference: Archdaily, 2022

3.4.4. Mall of Asia – Pasay City

Type:
Commercial Complex

Design Style:
Contemporary, Modern

Architect / Designer:
Jose Siao Ling & Associates,
Arquitectonica

Year:
2012
Figure 83 SM Mall of Asia
65
Within the Mall of Asia Complex in Pasay, Metro Manila is where you'll find the 15,000-seat Mall of
Asia Arena, which may be used for various events. The arena has a total area of 561,876 square feet
and measures 52,000 square meters; its primary purpose is to host concerts and basketball games,
but it can be rearranged to host other types of events, including boxing, theater, fashion, and ice-
skating exhibitions. Located on the reclaimed area along Manila Bay, the arena is part of a broader
mixed-use concept. The concept revolves around the Mall of Asia and will eventually include a hotel,
serviced apartments, a multi-story parking garage, and the SMX conference center.

Figure 85 SM MOA Interior Figure 84 SM Moa Facade

The arena is meant to function on several different planes. To begin, it must serve as a magnet for the
overall master plan by enhancing the desirability of the mall, the conference center, and the hotels. In
addition, it must connect to preexisting structures using standard utilities, public transportation hubs,
and pedestrian overpasses. Its closeness to the Manila airport, the ferry and cruise ship ports and the
city's tourist attractions make it an important hub for regional and tourist networks. The arena had to
be a successful business endeavor by combining innovative design, cutting-edge technology, local
expertise, and global construction standards into a package that would leave a lasting impression on
visitors.

Design constraints included a small 16,000 square meter (172,158 square foot) site that necessitated
an arena spanning an adjacent road and a high-water table that prevented the excavation of large
basement spaces and the construction of an 8-story carpark annex with more than 1,400 parking
spaces. The installation of the arched roof trusses was very challenging, involving the cooperation of
many construction crews and several cranes.

The arena has a two-tiered layout, with the lower level seating and the balcony levels separated by a
ring of corporate suites. The front of house and administrative offices is situated on the interstitial
mezzanine, while the backstage, dressing rooms, and press sections are on the ground level.
Concession stands flank the main walkways, while an exclusive restaurant and bar await guests in the
corporate suites above.

Low-E coated and fritted IGU's are used all over the arena's exterior. It shares a sewage treatment
plant (STP), parking garages, and a public transportation interchange with the nearby Mall of Asia.

The arena is shaped like a giant eye and sits atop a tilted plinth like a platform. This gives the whole
arena its character while accommodating the vast volume of the indoor court under a spectacular
vaulted ceiling. As seen from the arrival circle of the enormous masterplan complex, the whole eye is

66
meant to operate as a multi-media screen, presenting pictures of current or future events. It's the ideal
architectural representation of a place implied for sports and spectator activities.

Reference: Archify, 2022

Mall of Asia (MOA) Complex: A Sterling Landmark of Disaster Resilience

SM Prime Holdings, Inc., one of Southeast Asia's leading integrated property developers, established
the MOA Complex on a solid foundation of safety and security by including catastrophe resilience
measures in every construction process.

Before commencing construction on the MOA complex, SM Prime spoke with a group of local and
international specialists to assess the area's water and land resources. When the plan was decided, it
was built by Jan de Nul, a well-respected coastal development firm in Belgium.

According to the National Structural Code of the Philippines and with the approval of the Philippine
Reclamation Authority and the National Government, the famous Jan de Nul made sure that the soil
was solid and the roadways of the complex were made resistant to earthquakes and erosion. The
Complex and the surrounding Pasay neighborhood were safeguarded against tidal surges by using
three essential elements of catastrophe resilience: There is a drainage canal to avoid flooding during
storm surges, a seawall that is three kilometers long and was constructed to withstand liquefaction,
and an overturning wave return that is one meter high. In 2011, when Typhoon Pedring struck, this
theory was put to the test, and the Mall of Asia Complex survived while its neighbors were swept away
by the storm's catastrophic waves and floods.

Furthermore, the Complex's main road and all of its buildings are elevated by four meters beyond the
requirements of the National Building Code. The soil carrying capacity is substantially increased, and
the pilings strengthen the foundation.

Figure 87 SM Moa Construction Figure 86 SM Moa Construction

The SM Mall of Asia Complex was designed to be a place where friends and families can relax and
have a good time, yet its magnificent grandeur is built on a dedication to safety and a solid foundation.
Mr. Hans T. Sy, SM Prime Chairman of the Executive Committee, is a staunch advocate for disaster
resilience and a firm believer in the need for DRR. The business allocates ten percent of its budget
toward DRR across all its facilities in the Philippines.

67
 As one of the country's most innovative mixed-use developments and a humming showcase of disaster
risk reduction in action, the MOA Complex is today a successful realization of the grand vision of Mr.
Henry Sy Sr. for it to be both a premier integrated leisure destination and a complimentary business
and lifestyle district.

Reference: Business World, 2022

3.4.5. Neo- Vernacular Architecture: A Paradigm shift

The architecture industry has a significant carbon footprint due to buildings' high embodied energy.
These issues harm the ecosystem by making it unsustainable. "Practice in Vernacular Architecture"
was the only viable approach. Authentic indigenous traditions cannot replace the current system in
today's fast-changing society. Modernism's effect distorts and reduces vernacular principles, deviating
from local customs and culture. To meet the needs of our modern lifestyle while minimizing our impact
on the natural environment, designers need a paradigm shift that draws on vernacular architecture
and current construction technologies.

This article aims to investigate and define the guiding principles of "NEO-VERNACULAR
ARCHITECTURE." Understanding "Energy Efficient Architectural Practices" is an excellent first step
toward the goal of "Sustainability." Neo-vernacular architecture considers climate, regional vernacular
design principles, and cultural norms. Vernacular components and recruiting locals to participate in the
project will help attain socioeconomic sustainability. This combines historical knowledge with current
approaches for future sustainability. Similarly, neo-vernacular techniques may alleviate environmental
degradation. When buildings are designed to fit their surroundings, they reinforce the area's cultural
and geographical features. Neo-vernacular architecture addresses today's critical challenges and
neglected principles.

VERNACULAR VS. NEO-VERNACULAR

In vernacular architecture, individuals utilized local materials instead of paying an architect to supervise
the building. The placement of the vernacular construction dictated climate-responsive measures.
Most structures were constructed traditionally before the Industrial Revolution. Historically, buildings
had a limited purpose and needed less maintenance.

Modern constructions frequently have several functions. This complicated component requires solid
service integration. Neo-vernacular architecture is a contemporary solution. "Neo" denotes cutting-
edge technology, whereas "vernacular" relates to ancient architectural processes. Neo-vernacular
architecture enhances vernacular styles. These constructions combine vernacular and advanced
architecture to satisfy a variety of demands. The neo-vernacular architecture uses local traditions and
resources to develop sustainable systems.

CHARACTERISTICS OF NEO-VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

Cultural Adherence
Sociocultural factors shape spaces and connections. Neo-vernacular interior design examines the
owner's profession and culture to generate comfort and familiarity with the past. Symbols are used to
indicate a location's value to inhabitants and visitors. Neo-vernacular is created by reusing classical
forms that also combine past and future. The past is rebuilt to address relevant issues using present
knowledge and values that also focus on the framework. Time travel involves altering the past to create
an ideal present.

68
Energy Efficiency
One of the most critical considerations when designing neo-vernacular buildings is energy efficiency.
The options for passive design are selected considering the area’s climate. The building is being built
using local, eco-friendly materials. Material embodied energy and operating expenses may minimize
energy usage. Designers solely utilize local resources to maintain the area's natural beauty.

Permanently placing the building enables its low-energy mode. A low-impact building design uses
natural terrain. Wind and sun direction influence the structure's orientation. Wind and sun orientation
determine the placement of windows, passages, and courtyards. Consequently, it is necessary to
provide enough lighting, circulation, and sun shading to reduce the requirement for mechanical
support.

Vernacular Influence
Neo-vernacular approaches result from educated professionals' collaborative efforts, whereas
vernacular style results from the long-term transmission of community values. Neo-vernacular is built
on the vernacular's capacity to adapt to current needs while remaining technically aware. Modern
technology creates a new version of the past but an older version of the future or present from a
conventional form with concurrent events.

Neo-vernacular buildings consider historic fabric as a living, adaptable resource. The local language
content promotes optimal learning. The past includes ornamental accents, volumetric solutions, or
carbon reproductions. Modern uses may be figurative or conceptual. Neo-vernacular architecture is
diverse, selective, and eclectic since it borrows natural materials to grasp their complementarity.

Coherence with Ongoing Practices

High strength and stability requirements constrain cutting-edge construction approaches in modern
structures. The neo-vernacular architecture combines traditional and modern techniques. Combining
modern and traditional processes reduces emissions and embodied energy. Locals' engagement
revives fading conventional construction practices. Using local materials in the building is reassuring.
Color, complexity, painting, and polish are denotative tactics. Modern architectural techniques might
contain indigenous soul-stirring elements. The architecture is well integrated into its natural setting.

Harmony with the Site and Surrounding

Neo-vernacular architecture unifies different features. The structure does not make an extravagant
effort to blend in with its natural surroundings, which is symbolic of the modesty with which it provides
protection. The ideal harmony between design pieces and their environment provides a warm and
inviting ambiance. Indoor and outdoor areas are combined throughout the design to connect with
nature. Neo-vernacular facades integrate into their surroundings and become part of the environment.
Neo-vernacular buildings match their environment.

The neo-vernacular design incorporates the environment and minimizes damage. Landscape features
monitor the site's microclimate. The plants shield the building's occupants from the weather. Natural
topography may reduce energy expenditures over time. Commonly, cascades and other water features
are used to create an all-encompassing ambiance.

69
In conclusion, the research started to identify a method for developing an architectural environment
that is less harmful to the environment. Current research concentrates on reducing a building's carbon
footprint and embodied energy while serving occupants' needs. Modern technology ("Neo") and old
architectural techniques ("Vernacular") were combined. Neo-vernacular architecture "interweaves
modern professional innovations with ancient vernacular approaches" Neo-vernacular architecture
focuses mainly on a building's cultural heritage, geographical location, and site factors. It governs
climate-responsive approaches, vernacular principles, locally available materials, and construction
processes. These components may be configured differently, but the ideas remain the same—a
collection of principles forms neo-vernacular.

Adopting traditional indigenous characteristics while upgrading them to fit current standards fulfilled
the user's requirements. It always uses the latest technology and materials regardless of when a
building was built. Buildings are constructed to reduce environmental impact. Energy efficiency is a
priority in building design, construction, and operation. Prioritize local resources and skills. The
building's interior and exterior reflect the residents' ancestry. Neo-Vernacular Architecture has five
main characteristics: cultural adherence, energy efficiency, vernacular influence, coherence with
ongoing activities, and harmony with the site and surroundings.

Reference: Rajpu & Tiwari, 2020

70
CHAPTER IV
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
4. Chapter 4: Architectural Programming
4.1. Architectural Design Development
4.1.1. Site Planning and Site Programming
4.1.1.1. Development Controls (As per the National Building Code of the Philippines)

AS PER THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

TOTAL LOT AREA: 54,908 SQ.M.
C-2 (Commercial Two or Medium Commercial) - a municipal or city level of
commercial use or occupancy, characterized mainly as a medium-rise
Zoning building/structure for medium to high-intensity commercial/trade, service, and
Classification business activities, e.g., three to five (3 to 5) storey shopping centers, medium to
large office or mixed-use/occupancy buildings/structures and the like.

Occupancy Group E-Business and Mercantile (Commercial)Division E-2 (Business and

Classification Mercantile in nature)

DESCRIPTION FORMULA PROCESS COMPUTED

Width x Depth N/A Due to its TLA = 54,908 SQM.

Total Lot Area (TLA)
(WxD) irregular lot
Maximum
Allowable Maximum Percentage Site
Building Footprint Occupancy 75% x 54,908SQM. AMBF = 41,181 SQM.
(AMBF) (PSO) 75% x
TLA

Unpaved Surface Total Lot Area x

5% x 54,908SQM. USA = 27,454 SQM.
Area (USA) 5% 5%

Impervious Surface Total Lot Area x ISA = 10,981.60 SQM.

20% x 54,908SQM.
Area (ISA) 20% 20%

Total Open Space 27,454 SQM. +

USA + ISA TOSL = 38,435.60 SQM.
with Lot (TOSL) 10,981.60 SQM.

Maximum Allowable
Construction Area 41,181 SQM. + MACA = 52,162.60 SQM.
AMBF + ISA
(MACA) 10,981.60 SQM.

Floor Lot Area Ratio Table from Rule VII,

N/A 9.00 M
(FLAR) Table VII G1

Building Height Table from Rule VII,

N/A 45.00 M
Limit (BHL) Table VII G1

72
 Gross Floor Area TLA x FLAR
54,908 x 9.00 494,172 SQM.
(GFA) (9.00)

Total Gross Floor GFA x TGFA 494,172 SQM. x 657,248.76 SQM.

Area (TGFA) (1.33) 1.33
Table 9 Development Controls

4.1.1.2. Parking Ratio

Accessible Parking Slot Requirement (BP 344)
REQURED NUMBER OF ACCESSIBLE PARKING
TOTAL NUMBER OF PARKING SLOT SLOTS
101 – 150 5
Table 10 BP 344 Parking Slot

Minimum Required Parking

Specific Uses or of
Specific Uses or of Occupancy Slot, Parking Area, and
Occupancy (refer to Section
(refer to Section 701 of this Rule) Loading Space
701 of this Rule)
Requirements
5. GROUP E
5.2 Division E-2 Neighborhood shopping One (1) car slot for every
center/supermarket (C-1) 100.00 sq. meters of shopping
floor area
Restaurants, fast-food centers, One (1) car slot for every 30.00
bars and beerhouses sq. meters of customer area
(C)
Table 11 NBCP Parking Requirement

Parking Ratio = 9531.47 sqm (Shopping Floor Area) / 100 sqm = 95.31 or 95 car slots for every
100.00 sqm of the gross floor area of the shopping area.
Parking Ratio = 670.98 sqm (Customer Floor Area) / 30 sqm = 22.37 or 22 car slots for every 30.00
sqm of the gross floor area of the restaurant customer area.

Parking Ratio = 814.40 sqm (Customer Floor Area) / 30 sqm = 27.15 or 27 car slots for every 30.00
sqm of the gross floor area of the restaurant customer area.

The estimated total number of parking slots including the accessible parking slots is 144 parking
slots.

73
4.1.1.3. Building Height Limit (BHL) by Type of Use or Occupancy
Character of Use or Type of
Building Height Limit (BHL)
Occupancy Building/Structure
Commercial Commercial 2 (Com-2) Number of allowable Meters above highest
storeys/floors above grade
established grade
at a 15-storey or 45.00 3.60 up to 9.00
m BHL)
Table 12 BHL NBCP

4.1.2. Building Space Program

4.1.2.1. User Analysis
PRIMARY USERS
USERS DESCRIPTION
Local and international tourists will be accommodated in the project
to introduce the local fashion industry of the Philippines and attract
Local and International Tourists
them to support and consume the products that will help the
recognition and preserve the sector.
These local wearing apparel establishments will be occupying the
Wearing Apparel Establishments
commercial spaces in the project. The project will serve as their
in the Philippines
platform to market and introduce their products to consumers.
These local textile and garments exporters will be occupying the
exhibition and seminar halls of the project wherein they can hold
Textile and Garments Exporters in exhibition events to advertise their exports to possible
the Philippines investors/consumers, they can also hold seminar events for an
informative learning and sharing about local exportation of textile
and garments.
SECONDARY USERS
USERS DESCRIPTION
The members of the Center for International Trade Expositions and
Members of Fashion Missions specifically in their Fashion Department will be occupying
PHILIPPINES CITEM the administration block since they are the client of the project that
will be managing and facilitating the project.
There will be also employees and staff that will also contribute to the
Employees/Staff
management and facilitation of the project.
TERTIARY USERS
USERS DESCRIPTION
Fashion Enthusiasts will also be the spectators of the fashion-related
Fashion Enthusiasts events in the project. They will be the occupants in the fashion block
wherein they can experience and spectate the fashion events.
They are the occupants also in the fashion block of the project. They
Fashion Show Organizers
will be the fashion show events management crew and organizers.

74
 They are the occupants who will be creating and preparing the
fashion-related events in the facility.
The fashion models will be occupying the fashion block, especially
the fashion stage runway. Since they will be the individuals that will
Fashion Models
showcase the local fashion products/items to the spectators of the
fashion show events.
Table 13 User Analysis

4.1.2.2. Demand Analysis

A. Projected Number of Tourist Arrivals
Local & International Tourist Arrival in National Capital Region (2014-2020)
Year Total Population
2015 1,417,075
2016 494,683
2017 716,807
2018 626,168
2019 3,037,100
2020 1,689,328
Table 14 Local & Int. Tourist Arrival NCR

Source: Department of Tourism, Various Census Reports

As of the year 2020, the annual local & international tourist arrival in National Capital Region has reached a
population of 336,126.
Tourist Arrival in National Capital Region (2015-2040)
Year Past Present Growth Rate
2015-2020 1,417,075 1,689,328 19.21%
2020-2025 1,689,328 3,236,881 91.61%
2025-2030 3,236,881 4,508,007 39.27%
2030-2035 4,508,007 5,779,132 28.20%
2035-2040 5,779,132 7,050,257 22.00%
40.06%
Table 15 Local & Int. Tourist Arrival NCR

Applying the forecast function in Excel Statistical functions, wherein it calculates or predict the future value
using the gathered existing values. The average growth rate of 40.06% for every 5 years was obtained and
used to compute the projected number of local & international tourist arrivals in National Capital Region for
every 5 years.
Local & International Tourist Arrival in National Capital Region (2014-2040)
Year Total Population
2015 1,417,075
2020 1,689,328
2025 3,236,881
2030 4,508,007

75
 2035 5,779,132
2040 7,050,257
Table 16 Local & Int. Tourist Arrival NCR

The table reveals the projected number of Local & International Tourist arrivals in the National Capital Region
up to the year 2040 with a total of 7,050,257 using a 40.06% annual growth rate. An increase of almost
1,283,217 from the year 2015 to 2040.
B. Projected Number of Wearing Apparel Establishments
Wearing Apparel Establishments in the Philippines (2014-2018)
Year Total Population
2014 543
2015 498
2016 476
2017 461
2018 869
Table 17 Wearing Apparel Establishments PH

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Various Census Reports

As of the year 2018, the annual number of wearing apparel establishments in the Philippines has a total of
869.
Wearing Apparel Establishments in the Philippines (2014-2039)
Year Past Present Growth Rate
2014-2019 543 754 38.86%
2019-2024 754 1,061 40.72%
2024-2029 1,061 1,369 29.02%
2029-2034 1,369 1,676 22.46%
2034-2039 1,676 1,984 18.34%
AVERAGE GROWTH RATE FOR EVERY FIVE (5) YEARS 29.88%
Table 18 Wearing Apparel Establishments PH

Applying the forecast function in Excel Statistical functions, wherein it calculates or predict the future value
using the gathered existing values. The average growth rate of 29.88% for every 5 years was obtained and
used to compute the projected number of textile and garments exporters in the Philippines for every 5 years.
Projected Wearing Apparel Establishments in the Philippines (2014-2049)
Year Total Population
2014 543
2019 754
2024 1,061
2029 1,369
2034 1,676
2039 1,984
2044 2,576
2049 3,169
Table 19 Wearing Apparel Establishments PH

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The table reveals the projected number of Wearing Apparel Establishments in the Philippines up to the year
2049 with a total of 3,169 using a 29.88% annual growth rate. An increase of almost 592 from the year 2014
to 2049.
C. Projected Number of Textile and Garments Exporters
Textile and Garments Exporters in the Philippines (2001-2003)
Year Total Population
2001 776
2002 827
2003 889
Table 20 Textile and Garments Exporters PH

Source: Garments and Textile Export Board

In the year 2001, the annual count of registered textile and garments exporters in the Philippines has a total
of 776. While in the years 2002 and 2003, the counted exporters are 827 and 889 respectively.
Projected Textile and Garments Exporters in the Philippines (2001-2027)
YEAR PAST PRESENT GROWTH RATE
2001-2006 776 1,057 36.17%
2006-2012 1,057 1,396 32.08%
2012-2017 1,396 1,678 20.24%
2017-2022 1,678 1,961 16.83%
2022-2027 1,961 2,243 14.41%
AVERAGE GROWTH RATE FOR EVERY SIX (6) YEARS 23.95%
Table 21 Textile and Garments Exporters PH

Applying the forecast function in Excel Statistical functions, wherein it calculates or predict the future value
using the gathered existing values. The average growth rate of 23.95% for every 6 years was obtained and
used to compute the projected number of textile and garments exporters in the Philippines for every 6
years.
Projected Textile and Garments Exporters in the Philippines (2001-2047)
Year Total Population
2001 776
2006 1,057
2012 1,396
2017 1,678
2022 1,961
2027 2,243
2032 2,780
2037 3,317
2042 3,855
2047 4,392
Table 22 Textile and Garments Exporters PH

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The table reveals the projected number of textile and garments exporters in the Philippines up to the year
2047 with a total of 4,392 using a 23.95% annual growth rate. An increase of almost 537 from the year
2001 to 2047.
D. Projected Number of Population
Population Growth Rate of Paranaque City (1990-2015)
City 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
May 1 Sept 1 May 1 Aug 1 May 1 Aug 1
CITY OF PARAÑAQUE 308,236 391,296 449,811 524,689 588,126 665,822
Table 23 Population Growth Rate of Paranaque City

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Various Census Reports

As of the year 2015, Paranaque City has reached a population of 665,822.
PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH RATE PARANAQUE CITY (1995 -2020)
YEAR PAST PRESENT GROWTH RATE
1995 – 2000 391,296 449,811 14.95%
2000 – 2005 449,811 524,689 16.65%
2005 – 2010 524,689 588,126 12.09%
2010 - 2015 588,126 665,822 13.21%
2015 - 2020 665,822 689,992 3.63%
AVERAGE GROWTH RATE FOR EVERY FIVE (5) YEARS 12.11%
Table 24 Population Growth Rate of Paranaque City

Applying the forecast function in Excel Statistical functions, wherein it calculates or predicts the future value
using the gathered existing values. The average growth rate of 12.11% for every 5 years was obtained and
used to compute Paranaque City’s projected population for every 5 years.
PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH RATE PARANAQUE CITY (1995 -2040)
Year Total Population
1995 391,296
2000 449,811
2005 524,689
2010 588,126
2015 665,822
2020 689,992
2025 773,525
2030 857,058
2035 940,591
2040 1,024,124
Table 25 Population Growth Rate of Paranaque City

The table reveals the projected population growth rate of Paranaque City up to the year 2040 with a total of
1,024,124 using a 12.11% annual growth rate. An increase of almost 83,533 from the year 1995 to 2040.

78
E. Computation for Primary Target Users (Local and International Tourists)
The total of local and international tourists, to travel in the National Capital Region by the year 2040 is
7,050,257 which will be utilized as the basis for the estimated number of visitors in the proposed project.
Monthly Visits
7,050,257/ 12 months = 587,521 estimated number of visitors per month in NCR.
Weekly Visits
7,050,257/ 52 weeks = 135,581 estimated number of visitors per week in NCR.
Daily Visits
7,050,257/ 365 days = 19,315 estimated number of visitors per day in NCR.
The number of visitors/guests will be divided into possible tourist destinations in the National Capital Region
(Metro Manila) which are shopping malls, amusement/entertainment facilities, Hotels, Resorts and Casinos,
Central Business Districts, Churches, and Historical Sites, including the proposed project. The existing tourist
destination facilities are based on the 2022 List of DOT – Accredited Establishments in the National Capital
Region. Below is the listed Tourist destinations distribution around Metro Manila according to
tripadvisory.com.ph.

Tourist Destinations Distribution Around Metro Manila (Trip

Advisory PH)
Malls and Tourist Attraction Facilities
1. SM by the Bay Amusement Park
2. Greenbelt Mall
3. Star City
4. Manila Ocean Park
5. Venice Grand Canal, McKinley Hill
6. Cultural Center of the Philippines
7. Manila Bay or Baywalk
8. Ayala Museum
9. Paco Park
10. Chinatown
Central Business Districts
11. Makati Business District
12. Eastwood
13. Bonifacio Global City, Taguig
Hotels, Resorts and Casinos
14. Manila Hotel
15. Manila Peninsula
16. Shangri-La Hotel
17. Hotel H2O
18. Hyatt City of Dreams

79
 19. Solaire Resort and Casino
20. Okada Manila
21. Resorts World Manila
Churches and Historical Sites
22. Fort Santiago, Intramuros
23. Manila Cathedral
24. Quiapo Church
25. Rizal Park
26. The Malacanang Palace
27. San Agustin Church and Museum
28. Moda Lokal Fashion Hub
Table 26 Tourist Destinations Distribution Around Metro Manila

The formula for getting the maximum number of possible visitors per day, per tourist facility:

Visit Percentage Total Number of Daily Visitors = Maximum Number of Possible Visitors Per Day
Tourist Facilities + Project Proposal

Note: The visit percentage is based on the distribution of visitor arrivals to the Philippines by the airport in
the year 2017. According to the Department of Tourism, there is 63.47% of visitors arrive at Ninoy Aquino
International Airport which located in Manila.

(63.47%) 19,315 = 437.83

27 + 1

The maximum number of possible visitors per day is around 438 local and international tourists.

F. Computation for Primary Target Users (Wearing Apparel Establishments in the Philippines)
The total Wearing Apparel Establishments in the Philippines up to the year 2049 with a total of 3,169 using
a 29.88% annual growth rate.
To compute the total wearing apparel establishments that will be accommodated in the flagship stores in the
project, the total of establishments in 2049 which is 3,169 will then be multiplied to
These total of wearing apparel establishments are usually leasing/rent in commercial spaces in shopping
malls to market their products. Therefore, the number of textile and garments exporters will be divided into
the total number of major shopping malls that has leasable spaces in the Philippines including the proposed
project that has also rentable spaces for the wearing apparel establishments. The existing major shopping
malls are based on the 2022 List of DOT – Accredited Tourism Enterprises in the Philippines. Below is
the list of shopping malls in the Philippines according to discoverthephilippines.com
Major Shopping Malls in the Philippines (10times)
Shopping Malls Location
1. SM Mall of Asia Pasay City
2. SM City North EDSA Quezon City
3. SM Megamall Mandaluyong City

80
 4. SM Seaside City Cebu Cebu City
5. Festival Alabang Muntinlupa City
6. SM City Fairview Quezon City
7. SM City Cebu Cebu City
8. Greenbelt Makati City
9. Glorietta Makati City
10. Ayala Center Cebu Cebu City
11. Moda Lokal Fashion Hub Paranaque City
Table 27 Major Shopping Malls in the Philippines

The formula for getting the maximum number of possible wearing apparel establishments, per shopping
mall:
Percentage of NCR
Max. No. of Possible
Distribution of wearing Total Number of Wearing Apparel Establishments
Tourist Facilities + Project Proposal = Wearing Apparel Est.
apparel establishments
per Shopping Mall
in the PH

Note: The average percentage is based on the location and regional distribution of business and industry
manufacturing establishments in the Philippines base on the available data released in 2012 by the Philippine
Statistics Authority. The percentage of establishments that are located in NCR is 29.7%.

(29.7%) 3,169 = 85.56

10 + 1
The maximum number of possible wearing apparel establishments that will be accommodated by the
commercial spaces of each major shopping mall in the Philippines is around 86 establishments.

G. Computation for Primary Target Users (Textile and Garments Exporters in the Philippines)
The number of textile and garments exporters in the Philippines up to the year 2047 is 4,392.
Since these textile and garments exporters are participating in exhibition events, convention and exhibition
centers are the facilities that accommodate these types of events. The number of textile and garments
exporters will be divided into the exhibition and convention centers in the Philippines including the proposed
project that has exhibition and seminar halls. The existing exhibition and convention facilities are based on
the 2022 List of DOT – Accredited Tourism Enterprises in the Philippines. Below is the list of exhibition and
convention centers in the Philippines according to 10times.com

Exhibition & Convention Centres in the Philippines (10times)

1. SMX Convention Center
2. World Trade Center Metro Manila
3. Waterfront Cebu City Hotel & Casino
4. Megatrade Hall

81
 5. Philippine International Convention Center
6. Cebu Trade Hall
7. Hiyas Ng Bulacan Convention Center the Pavillion
8. Cebu International Convention Center
9. Baguio Convention Center
10. Moda Lokal Fashion Hub
Table 28 Exhibition & Convention Centres in the Philippines

The formula for getting the maximum number of possible textile and garments exporters, per exhibition and
convention facility:

Percentage of NCR Max. No. of Possible Textile

Distribution of Textile Total Number of textile and garments exporters = and Garments Exporters per
and Garments Tourist Facilities + Project Proposal Exhibition and Convention
Exporters in the PH Facilities

Note: The average percentage is based on the regional distribution of Philippine SMEs in 2018, wherein
SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) textile and garments exporters are included in the production sectors
with 53% of SMEs located in NCR according to the data of the Philippines Statistics Authority.

(53%) 4,392 = 232.78

9+1

The maximum number of possible textile and garments exporters per exhibition and convention center in
the Philippines is around 233 exporters.

4.1.2.3. Space Analysis

1. Moda Lokal Centre (Fashion Centre) 2. Retail and Business Centre

a) Reception Lobby a) Flagship Stores
b) Administration Block b) Display Area
c) Executive Director Office c) Cashier
d) HR Office d) Fitting Cubicles
e) Management Office e) Stock Room
f) Accounting Office f) Food Court
g) Conference Room g) Dining Area
h) Employees’ lounge h) Food Stalls/Counter
i) Employees’ Kitchenette i) Kitchen
j) Employees’ Toilet j) Storage
k) Utility Room k) Staff Lounge
l) Seminar Hall l) Staff Toilet (M & F)
m) Library and Research Centre m) Customer Toilet (M, F, PWD)
n) Exhibition Hall n) PWD Toilet
o) Visitors Toilet (M, F, PWD) o) Exhibition Atrium
p) Café Shop p) Gathering Space
q) Café Shop
82
 3. Promote and Exhibition Centre 4. Outdoor Exhibition Area
a) Fashion Show Block a) Open Fashion Runway
b) Reception Lobby b) Gathering Centre
c) Registration Area c) Open Air Theater
d) Audience Seating Area
e) Runway Stage
f) Control Room
g) Media Area
h) Models Lounge
i) Makeup Room
j) Ironing Room
k) Visitors Toilet (M, F, PWD)
l) Exhibition Hall
m) Photoshoot Area
n) Photoshoot Area
o) Management Office
p) Restaurant
q) Kitchen
r) Staff Lounge
s) Staff Toilet
t) Visitors Toilet (M, F, PWD)

4.1.2.4. Organizational Chart

Figure 88 Moda Lokal Fashion Hub Organizational Chart

83
4.1.2.5. Bubble Diagram

SITE LAYOUT

Figure 89 Site Layout Bubble Diagram

MODA LOKA CENTRE: FASHION CENTRE

Figure 90 Moda Lokal Centre: Fashion Centre Bubble Diagram

84
RETAIL AND BUSINESS CENTRE

Figure 91 Retail and Business Centre Bubble Diagram

PROMOTE AND EXHIBITION CENTRE

Figure 92 Promote and Exhibition Centre Bubble Diagram

85
4.1.2.6. Matrix Diagram
A. MODA LOKAL CENTRE: FASHION CENTRE LIBRARY AND RESEARCH CENTRE

Figure 93 Fashion Centre Matrix Diagram

Figure 94 Fashion Centre Matrix Diagram CAFE

ADMINISTRATION BLOCK

Figure 95 Fashion Centre Matrix Diagram

Figure 96 Fashion Centre Matrix Diagram

SEMINAR HALL

Figure 97 Fashion Centre Matrix Diagram

86
B. RETAIL AND BUSINESS CENTRE C. PROMOTE AND EXHIBITION CENTRE

Figure 98 Retail & Business Matrix Diagram

FLAGSHIP STORE A, B, & C Figure 99 Promote & Exhibition Centre Matrix Diagram

FASHION SHOW BLOCK

Figure 100 Retail & Business Centre Matrix Diagram

FOODCOURT

Figure 101 Promote & Exhibition Centre Matrix Diagram

Figure 102 Retail & Business Centre Matrix Diagram EXHIBITION HALL
EXHIBITION ATRIUM

Figure 105 Retail & Business Centre Matrix Diagram Figure 103 Promote & Exhibition Centre Matrix Diagram
Figure 104 Retail & Business Centre Matrix Diagram

87
MANAGEMENT OFFICE D. OUTDOOR EXHIBITION AREA

Figure 107 Promote & Exhibition Centre Matrix Diagram Figure 106 Outdoor Exhibition Area Matrix Diagram

RESTAURANT

Figure
Figure 108
109 Promote
Promote && Exhibition
Exhibition Centre
Centre Matrix
Matrix Diagram
Diagram

88
4.1.2.7. Space Programming
A. MODA LOKAL CENTRE: FASHION CENTRE
Moda Lokal Centre: Fashion Centre (Administration Block)
Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Total Area Total Area of (Total A + Circulati Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) FFE Total B) on Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Widt (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th h (d)
Reception Lobby Visitors 100 0.96 96 Table 6 1 1 1 6

Staffs 10 0.96 9.6 Couch 8 1 0.8 0.8 6.40

16.88 122.48 36.74 159.22
Chair 15 0.45 0.45 0.20 3.04

Counter 2 1.2 0.6 0.72 1.44

Director Office Director 1 0.96 0.96 Desk 3 1 1 1 3
Secretar
1 0.96 0.96 Couch 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.80 4.61 8.45 2.54 10.99
y
Guest 2 0.96 1.92 Chair 4 0.45 0.45 0.20 0.81

HR Office Manager 1 0.96 0.96 Desk 4 1 1 1 4

Staffs 3 0.96 2.88 Couch 2 1 0.8 0.8 1.60

6.82 15.46 4.64 20.09
Guest 5 0.96 4.8 Chair 4 0.45 0.45 0.20 0.81
File Cabinet 2 0.45 0.45 0.20 0.41
Management Office Officer 1 0.96 0.96 Desk 4 1 1 1 4

Staffs 3 0.96 2.88 Couch 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.80

6.02 11.78 3.53 15.31
Guest 2 0.96 1.92 Chair 4 0.45 0.45 0.20 0.81

File Cabinet 2 0.45 0.45 0.20 0.41

Accounting Office Officer 1 0.96 0.96 Desk 4 1 1 1 4

Staffs 3 0.96 2.88 Couch 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.80

6.02 11.78 3.53 15.31
Guest 2 0.96 1.92 Chair 4 0.45 0.45 0.20 0.81

File Cabinet 2 0.45 0.45 0.20 0.41

Employe
Conference Room 10 0.96 9.6 Long Table 1 7 1.5 10.5 10.5
es 15.35 34.55 10.37 44.92
Officer 7 0.96 6.72 Couch 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.80

89
 Staffs 3 0.96 2.88 Chair 20 0.45 0.45 0.20 4.05
Employe
Employees Lounge 10 2.25 22.5 Table 4 1.5 0.8 1.2 4.8
es
Officer 7 2.25 15.75 Lockers 3 0.9 0.3 0.27 0.81 12.81 45.00 13.50 58.50

Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Shelves 20 1.2 0.3 0.36 7.20

Employees Employe
10 2.25 22.5 Countertop 2 1 0.6 0.6 1.2
Kitchenette es
Officer 7 2.25 15.75 Table 4 1 0.8 0.8 3.20 8.45 53.45 16.04 69.49

Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Chair 20 0.45 0.45 0.20 4.05

Employe
Employees Toilet 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 6 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.5
es
Officer 7 2.25 15.75 Watercloset 6 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.93 3.91 48.91 14.67 63.59

Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Urinal 4 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.48

Utility Room Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Countertop 2 1 0.6 0.6 1.2

Table 4 1 0.8 0.8 3.20 8.45 15.20 4.56 19.76

Chair 20 0.45 0.45 0.20 4.05

TOTAL AREA OF ADMINISTRATION BLOCK (SQM) 477.16

Moda Lokal Centre: Fashion Centre (Seminar Hall)

Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Total Area Total Area of (Total A + Circulati Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) FFE Total B) on Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Widt (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th h (d)
Hall Visitors 100 0.96 96 Chairs 70 0.5 0.5 0.25 17.5
Employe
3 0.96 2.88 Table 3 0.46 0.7 0.322 0.97 18.47 120.23 36.07 156.29
es
Staffs 3 0.96 2.88

Utility Room Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Countertop 2 1 0.6 0.6 1.2

Table 4 1 0.8 0.8 3.20 8.45 15.20 4.56 19.76

Chair 20 0.45 0.45 0.20 4.05

Toilet (Men) Visitors 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29 3.26 25.76 7.73 33.49
Urinal 6 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.72

90
Toilet (Women) Visitors 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
2.54 25.04 7.51 32.55
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29
Toilet (PWD) Visitors 1 2.25 2.25 Lavatory 1 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25

Watercloset 1 0.46 0.7 0.322 0.32 0.69 2.94 0.88 3.82

Urinal 1 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.12

TOTAL AREA OF SEMINAR HALL (SQM) 245.91

Moda Lokal Centre: Fashion Centre (Library and Research Centre)

Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Total Area Total Area of (Total A + Circulati Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) FFE Total B) on Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Widt (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th h (d)
Library and
Visitors 80 0.96 76.8 Desk 10 1 1 1 10
Research Area
Staffs 10 0.96 9.6 Chair 35 0.45 0.45 0.2025 7.09

Shelves 8 1 0.8 0.80 6.40 25.05 111.45 33.43 144.88

File Cabinet 2 1 0.6 0.60 1.20

Printer/Xerox
1 0.6 0.6 0.36 0.36
Machine
Conference Room Visitors 10 0.96 9.6 Long Table 1 2 0.8 1.6 1.6

Staffs 3 0.96 2.88 Shelves 1 1.2 0.6 0.72 0.72 3.94 16.42 4.93 21.35
Chair 8 0.45 0.45 0.20 1.62

Toilet Visitors 1 2.25 2.25 Lavatory 1 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25

Watercloset 1 0.46 0.7 0.322 0.32 0.69 2.94 0.88 3.82
Urinal 1 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.12
TOTAL AREA OF LIBRARY AND RESEARCH CENTRE (SQM) 170.05

Moda Lokal Centre: Fashion Centre (Exhibition Hall)

Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Total Area Total Area of (Total A + Circulati Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) FFE Total B) on Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Widt (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th h (d)

91
 Display
Hall Visitors 100 0.96 96 10 1 0.8 0.8 8
Casement
Employe 9.82 115.42 34.62 150.04
5 0.96 4.8 Couch 3 0.9 0.45 0.405 1.22
es
Staffs 5 0.96 4.8 Counter 1 1 0.6 0.60 0.60
Visitors Toilet (Men) Visitors 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25

Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29 3.26 25.76 7.73 33.49

Urinal 6 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.72

Visitors Toilet
Visitors 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
(Women) 2.54 25.04 7.51 32.55
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29

Visitors Toilet (PWD) Visitors 1 2.25 2.25 Lavatory 1 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25
Watercloset 1 0.46 0.7 0.322 0.32 0.69 2.94 0.88 3.82

Urinal 1 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.12

Control Room Crew 5 2.25 11.25 Chair 8 0.8 0.5 0.4 3.2

Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Table 2 0.8 0.6 0.48 0.96 5.12 23.12 6.94 30.06
Sound Sytem 2 0.6 0.8 0.48 0.96
TOTAL AREA OF EXHIBITION HALL (SQM) 219.90

Moda Lokal Centre: Fashion Centre (Cafe)

Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Total Area Total Area of (Total A + Circulati Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) FFE Total B) on Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Widt (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th h (d)
Dining Area &
Visitors 50 0.96 48 Table 10 1 1 1 10
Counter
Staffs 5 2.25 11.25 Couch 4 1 0.8 0.8 3.20

Chair 30 0.45 0.45 0.20 6.08

22.16 81.41 24.42 105.83
Counter 1 1.2 0.6 0.72 0.72
Coffee Machine 2 0.6 0.6 0.36 0.72

Cabinet 2 1.2 0.6 0.72 1.44

Storage Crew 3 2.25 6.75 Shelves 10 1.5 0.6 0.9 9
12.00 25.50 7.65 33.15
Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Cabinet 5 1 0.6 0.6 3.00

92
Visitors Toilet (Men) Visitors 5 2.25 11.25 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29 3.26 14.51 4.35 18.86
Urinal 6 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.72
Visitors Toilet
Visitors 5 2.25 11.25 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
(Women) 2.54 13.79 4.14 17.92
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29

Visitors Toilet (PWD) Visitors 1 2.25 2.25 Lavatory 1 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25
Watercloset 1 0.46 0.7 0.322 0.32 0.69 2.94 0.88 3.82

Urinal 1 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.12

TOTAL AREA OF CAFE (SQM) 179.59

Moda Lokal Centre: Fashion Centre (Exhibition Atrium)

Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Total Area Total Area of (Total A + Circulati Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) FFE Total B) on Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Widt (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th h (d)
Gathering Space Visitors 150 0.96 144 Chair 30 0.5 0.5 0.25 7.5

Staffs 15 0.96 14.4 Couch 8 1.2 0.5 0.6 4.80 14.30 172.70 51.81 224.51
Tables 8 0.5 0.5 0.25 2.00
224.51
Table 29 Moda Lokal Centre: Fashion Centre Space Programming

B. RETAIL AND BUSINESS CENTRE

Retail and Business Centre (Flagship Store A)
Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Total Area Total Area of (Total A + Circulat Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) FFE Total B) ion Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Wid (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th th (d)
Custom
Display Area 50 0.96 48 Shelves 15 1.2 0.5 0.6 9
er 12.60 65.40 19.62 85.02
Staffs 5 0.96 4.8 Couch 8 0.9 0.5 0.45 3.60

93
 Custom
Cashier 10 0.96 9.6 Counter 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.5
er 1.51 15.91 4.77 20.69
Staffs 5 0.96 4.8 Chair 5 0.45 0.45 0.2025 1.01
Custom
Fitting Cubicles 10 0.96 9.6 Cubicle 8 0.9 0.9 0.81 6.48
er 8.30 19.82 5.95 25.77
Staffs 2 0.96 1.92 Chair 9 0.45 0.45 0.2025 1.82
Stock Room Staffs 10 0.96 9.6 Shelves 8 1.2 0.5 0.6 4.8 4.80 14.40 4.32 18.72
TOTAL AREA OF FLAGSHIP STORE (SQM) 150.20
TOTAL AREA OF FLAGSHIP STORE (SQM) x 20 (NO. OF FLAGSHIP STORES) 3003.91

Retail and Business Centre (Flagship Store B)

Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Total Area Total Area of (Total A + Circulat Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) FFE Total B) ion Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Wid (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th th (d)
Custom
Display Area 35 0.96 33.6 Shelves 10 1.2 0.5 0.6 6
er 7.35 45.75 13.73 59.48
Staffs 5 0.96 4.8 Couch 3 0.9 0.5 0.45 1.35
Custom
Cashier 5 0.96 4.8 Counter 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.5
er 1.51 11.11 3.33 14.45
Staffs 5 0.96 4.8 Chair 5 0.45 0.45 0.2025 1.01
Custom
Fitting Cubicles 5 0.96 4.8 Cubicle 5 0.9 0.9 0.81 4.05
er 5.06 11.78 3.53 15.32
Staffs 2 0.96 1.92 Chair 5 0.45 0.45 0.2025 1.01
Stock Room Staffs 2 0.96 1.92 Shelves 5 1.2 0.5 0.6 3 3.00 4.92 1.48 6.40
TOTAL AREA OF FLAGSHIP STORE (SQM) 95.63
TOTAL AREA OF FLAGSHIP STORE (SQM) x 40 (NO. OF FLAGSHIP STORES) 3825.38

Retail and Business Centre (Flagship Store C)

Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Total Area Total Area of (Total A + Circulat Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) FFE Total B) ion Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Wid (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th th (d)

94
 Custom
Display Area 20 0.96 19.2 Shelves 8 1.2 0.5 0.6 4.8
er 5.70 29.70 8.91 38.61
Staffs 5 0.96 4.8 Couch 2 0.9 0.5 0.45 0.90
Custom
Cashier 5 0.96 4.8 Counter 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.5
er 1.11 10.71 3.21 13.92
Staffs 5 0.96 4.8 Chair 3 0.45 0.45 0.2025 0.61
Custom
Fitting Cubicles 3 0.96 2.88 Cubicle 3 0.9 0.9 0.81 2.43
er 3.04 7.84 2.35 10.19
Staffs 2 0.96 1.92 Chair 3 0.45 0.45 0.2025 0.61
Stock Room Staffs 2 0.96 1.92 Shelves 3 1.2 0.5 0.6 1.8 1.80 3.72 1.12 4.84
TOTAL AREA OF FLAGSHIP STORE (SQM) 67.55
TOTAL AREA OF FLAGSHIP STORE (SQM) x 40 (NO. OF FLAGSHIP STORES) 2702.18

Retail and Business Centre (Food Court)

Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Total Area Total Area of (Total A + Circulat Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) FFE Total B) ion Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Wid (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th th (d)
Custom Table (4
Dining Area 150 0.96 144 20 1.5 1 1.5 30
er people)
Table (2 73.90 237.10 71.13 308.23
Staffs 20 0.96 19.2 10 0.8 0.8 0.64 6.40
people)
Chairs 150 0.5 0.5 0.25 37.50
Food
Crew 20 2.25 45 Counter 15 1.5 1 1.5 22.5
Stalls/Counter 28.90 96.40 28.92 125.32
Staffs 10 2.25 22.5 Stall 10 0.8 0.8 0.64 6.40
Kitchen
Kitchen Crew 20 2.25 45 15 1.5 0.6 0.9 13.5
Counters
Staffs 20 2.25 45 Range 15 0.6 0.6 0.36 5.40
36.42 126.42 37.93 164.35
Tables 3 1.2 0.7 0.84 2.52
Storage 15 1 1 1 15.00
Storage Crew 3 2.25 6.75 Shelves 10 1.5 0.6 0.9 9
12.00 25.50 7.65 33.15
Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Cabinet 5 1 0.6 0.6 3.00
Staff Lounge Crew 15 2.25 33.75 Table 3 0.8 0.6 0.48 1.44 7.13 74.63 22.39 97.02

95
 Staffs 15 2.25 33.75 Chairs 8 0.45 0.45 0.2025 1.62
Lockers 3 0.9 0.5 0.45 1.35
Shelves 4 1.2 0.3 0.36 1.44
Couch 2 0.8 0.8 0.64 1.28
Water
Staff Toilet Crew 4 0.96 3.84 6 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.5
Closet
Staffs 4 0.96 3.84 Lavatory 6 0.4 0.6 0.24 1.44 3.42 11.10 3.33 14.43

Urinal 4 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.48

Visitors Toilet
Visitors 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
(Men)
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29 3.26 25.76 7.73 33.49

Urinal 6 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.72

Visitors Toilet
Visitors 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
(Women) 2.54 25.04 7.51 32.55
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29
Custom Water
1 0.96 0.96 1 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25
er Closet
Lavatory 1 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.24 0.61 1.57 0.47 2.04

Urinal 1 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.12

Visitors Toilet
Visitors 1 2.25 2.25 Lavatory 1 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25
(PWD)
Watercloset 1 0.46 0.7 0.322 0.32 0.69 2.94 0.88 3.82

Urinal 1 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.12

TOTAL AREA OF FOOD COURT (SQM) 814.40

Retail and Business Centre (Exhibition Atrium)

Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Total Area Total Area of (Total A + Circulat Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) FFE Total B) ion Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Wid (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th th (d)
Gathering Space Visitors 150 0.96 144 Chair 30 0.5 0.5 0.25 7.5
14.30 172.70 51.81 224.51
Staffs 15 0.96 14.4 Couch 8 1.2 0.5 0.6 4.80

96
 Tables 8 0.5 0.5 0.25 2.00
Café Visitors 20 0.96 19.2 Chair 40 0.5 0.5 0.25 10
Custom
20 0.96 19.2 Couch 5 1.2 0.5 0.6 3.00
ers
Staffs 8 2.25 18 Tables 15 0.6 0.6 0.36 5.40 19.72 58.12 17.44 75.56
Counter 1 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.60
Coffee
2 0.6 0.6 0.36 0.72
Machine
Visitors Toilet
Visitors 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
(Men)
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29 3.26 25.76 7.73 33.49

Urinal 6 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.72

Visitors Toilet
Visitors 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
(Women) 2.54 25.04 7.51 32.55
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29
Visitors Toilet Custom Water
1 0.96 0.96 1 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25
(PWD) er Closet
Lavatory 1 0.4 0.6 0.24 0.24 0.61 1.57 0.47 2.04

Urinal 1 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.12

TOTAL AREA OF EXHIBITION ATRIUM (SQM) 368.14
Table 30 Retail and Business Centre Space Programming

C. PROMOTE AND EXHIBITION CENTRE

Promote and Exhibition Centre (Fashion Show Block)
Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Total Area Total Area (Total A + Circulat Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) of FFE Total B) ion Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Wid (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th th (d)
Reception Lobby Visitors 200 0.96 192 Table 10 1.2 0.5 0.6 6
Staffs 15 0.96 14.4 Couch 10 0.9 0.5 0.45 4.50 19.50 225.90 67.77 293.67
Chair 20 0.9 0.5 0.45 9.00
Registration
Visitors 200 0.96 192 Counter 2 0.9 0.5 0.45 0.9
Area 5.40 211.80 63.54 275.34
Staffs 15 0.96 14.4 Chair 10 0.9 0.5 0.45 4.50

97
Audience
Visitors 200 0.96 192 Chair 200 0.9 0.5 0.45 90
Seating Area 90.00 301.20 90.36 391.56
Staffs 20 0.96 19.2
Runway Stage Models 20 2.25 45 Chair 10 0.5 0.5 0.25 2.5
3.22 70.72 21.22 91.94
Staffs 10 2.25 22.5 Table 2 0.6 0.6 0.36 0.72
Control Room Crew 5 2.25 11.25 Chair 8 0.8 0.5 0.4 3.2
Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Table 2 0.8 0.6 0.48 0.96 5.12 23.12 6.94 30.06
Sound
2 0.6 0.8 0.48 0.96
Sytem
Media Area Crew 8 2.25 18 Chair 8 0.8 0.5 0.4 3.2
4.16 28.91 8.67 37.58
Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Table 2 0.8 0.6 0.48 0.96
Models Lounge Models 20 2.25 45 Chair 10 0.5 0.5 0.25 2.5
Crew 5 2.25 11.25 Table 3 0.8 0.6 0.48 1.44 5.74 61.99 18.60 80.59
Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Couch 3 1.2 0.5 0.6 1.80
Makeup Room Models 20 2.25 45 Chair 25 0.5 0.5 0.25 6.25
Makeup
Crew 10 2.25 22.5 10 0.8 0.6 0.48 4.80 11.55 79.05 23.72 102.77
Vanity
Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Shelves 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.50
Ironing Room Models 5 2.25 11.25 Chair 10 0.5 0.5 0.25 2.5
Crew 5 2.25 11.25 Table 3 0.8 0.6 0.48 1.44 4.44 26.94 8.08 35.02
Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Shelves 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.50
Visitors Toilet
Visitors 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
(Men)
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29 3.26 25.76 7.73 33.49

Urinal 6 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.72

Visitors Toilet
Visitors 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
(Women) 2.54 25.04 7.51 32.55
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29
1404.5
TOTAL AREA OF FASHION SHOW BLOCK (SQM)
5

Promote and Exhibition Centre (Exhibition Hall)

Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area

98
 Area per Total Area Total Area (Total A + Circulat Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) of FFE Total B) ion Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Wid (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th th (d)
Display
Hall Visitors 100 0.96 96 10 1 0.8 0.8 8
Casement
Employ 9.82 111.58 33.47 145.05
3 0.96 2.88 Couch 3 0.9 0.45 0.405 1.22
ees
Staffs 3 0.96 2.88 Counter 1 1 0.6 0.60 0.60
Visitors Toilet
Visitors 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
(Men)
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29 3.26 25.76 7.73 33.49

Urinal 6 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.72

Visitors Toilet
Visitors 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
(Women) 2.54 25.04 7.51 32.55
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29
Visitors Toilet
Visitors 1 2.25 2.25 Lavatory 1 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25
(PWD)
Watercloset 1 0.46 0.7 0.322 0.32 0.69 2.94 0.88 3.82

Urinal 1 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.12

Control Room Crew 5 2.25 11.25 Chair 8 0.8 0.5 0.4 3.2
Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Table 2 0.8 0.6 0.48 0.96 5.12 23.12 6.94 30.06
Sound
2 0.6 0.8 0.48 0.96
Sytem
Visitors 100 0.96 96 Chair 10 1 0.8 0.8 8
Employ
3 0.96 2.88 Couch 3 0.9 0.45 0.405 1.22 11.62 113.38 34.01 147.39
ees
Staffs 3 0.96 2.88 Table 5 0.6 0.8 0.48 2.40
TOTAL AREA OF EXHIBITION HALL (SQM) 392.35

Promote and Exhibition Centre (Management Office)

Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Total Area Total Area (Total A + Circulat Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) of FFE Total B) ion Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Wid (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th th (d)

99
Waiting Area Visitors 5 0.96 4.8 Chair 3 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.75
Employ
3 0.96 2.88 Couch 1 0.9 0.5 0.45 0.45 2.64 10.32 3.10 13.42
ees
Table 3 0.6 0.8 0.48 1.44
Manager Office Visitors 2 0.96 1.92 Chair 3 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.75
Manage
1 0.96 0.96 Couch 1 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.40 1.63 4.51 1.35 5.86
r
Table 1 0.6 0.8 0.48 0.48
Conference Employ
10 0.96 9.6 Long Table 1 5 1.5 7.5 7.5
Room ees
Officer 2 0.96 1.92 Couch 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.80 11.34 24.78 7.43 32.21

Staffs 2 0.96 1.92 Chair 15 0.45 0.45 0.20 3.04

TOTAL AREA OF MANAGEMENT OFFICE (SQM) 51.49

Promote and Exhibition Centre (Restaurant)

Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Total Area Total Area (Total A + Circulat Total
Dimension
Qty Person (b) Area A Qty (sqm) of FFE Total B) ion Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Leng Wid (L x W) = Area B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
th th (d)
Custom Table (4
Dining Area 150 0.96 144 20 1.5 1 1.5 30
er people)
Table (2 66.40 229.60 68.88 298.48
Staffs 20 0.96 19.2 10 0.8 0.8 0.64 6.40
people)
Chairs 120 0.5 0.5 0.25 30.00
Custom
Counter 10 2.25 22.5 Counter 15 1.5 1 1.5 22.5
er 28.90 62.65 18.80 81.45
Staffs 5 2.25 11.25 Stall 10 0.8 0.8 0.64 6.40
Kitchen
Kitchen Crew 10 2.25 22.5 15 1.5 0.6 0.9 13.5
Counters
Staffs 10 2.25 22.5 Range 15 0.6 0.6 0.36 5.40
36.42 81.42 24.43 105.85
Tables 3 1.2 0.7 0.84 2.52
Storage 15 1 1 1 15.00
Storage Crew 3 2.25 6.75 Shelves 10 1.5 0.6 0.9 9
12.00 25.50 7.65 33.15
Staffs 3 2.25 6.75 Cabinet 5 1 0.6 0.6 3.00

100
Staff Lounge Crew 10 2.25 22.5 Table 3 0.8 0.6 0.48 1.44
Staffs 10 2.25 22.5 Chairs 8 0.45 0.45 0.2025 1.62
Lockers 3 0.9 0.5 0.45 1.35 7.13 52.13 15.64 67.77
Shelves 4 1.2 0.3 0.36 1.44
Couch 2 0.8 0.8 0.64 1.28
Staff Toilet Crew 4 0.96 3.84 Water Closet 6 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.5
Staffs 4 0.96 3.84 Lavatory 6 0.4 0.6 0.24 1.44 3.42 11.10 3.33 14.43
Urinal 4 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.48
Visitors Toilet
Visitors 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
(Men)
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29 3.26 25.76 7.73 33.49

Urinal 6 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.72

Visitors Toilet
Visitors 10 2.25 22.5 Lavatory 5 0.5 0.5 0.25 1.25
(Women) 2.54 25.04 7.51 32.55
Watercloset 4 0.46 0.7 0.322 1.29
Visitors Toilet
Visitors 1 2.25 2.25 Lavatory 1 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25
(PWD)
Watercloset 1 0.46 0.7 0.322 0.32 0.69 2.94 0.88 3.82

Urinal 1 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.12

TOTAL AREA OF RESTAURANT (SQM) 670.98
Table 31 Promote and Exhibition Centre Space Programming

D. OUTDOOR EXHIBITION AREA

Outdoor Exhibition Area
Sub Total
USERS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENT
Area
Area per Person Total Area Area Total Area of Circulati Total
Dimension (Total A + B)
Qty (b) A Qty (sqm) FFE Total Area on Area
Space User Type
(a) (c.) Lengt Widt (L x W) = B
sqm (a x b) (c x d) sqm 30% sqm
h h (d)
Open Fashion Visitor
250 0.96 240 Table 8 1.2 0.5 0.6 4.8
Runway s 49.80 318.60 95.58 414.18
Staffs 30 0.96 28.8 Chair 100 0.9 0.5 0.45 45.00
Visitor Vending
Gathering Space 250 0.96 240 6 1.2 0.8 0.96 5.76
s Machine 18.56 287.36 86.21 373.57
Staffs 30 0.96 28.8 Park Bench 8 1.2 0.5 0.6 4.8

101
 Display
30 0.96 28.8 10 1 0.8 0.8 8
Casement
Visitor
Open Air Theater 250 0.96 240 Park Bench 8 1.2 0.5 0.6 4.8
s
10.56 279.36 83.81 363.17
Vending
Staffs 30 0.96 28.8 6 1.2 0.8 0.96 5.76
Machine
TOTAL AREA OF OUTDOOR EXHIBITION AREA (SQM) 1150.92
Table 32 Outdoor Exhibition Area

102
4.1.3. Design Constraints
Economic Constraints
The aspect that would affect the project may be the peak daily number of tourists or guests that visit
and utilize the project, which can impact the economic revenue of each establishment when the daily
number of consumers/visitors declines. As a result, the project proposal will investigate the economic
variables of the location to make the appropriate modifications.

Environmental Constraints
Buildings can be susceptible to the effects of climate change. Due to storms, subsidence damage,
water intrusion, poor internal environment, and shorter building life, the danger of collapse, health
deterioration, and considerable loss of value may rise. The project proposal has to consider certain
design restrictions to make the necessary adaptations.

Viability Constraints
The client's limited financial resources may hamper the building project. To minimize
misunderstandings, the proposed project’s proponent must maintain regular contact with the owner.

Sustainability Constraints
If the financial plan may not provide for sustainable technologies or if the location does not adapt well
to the implementation of certain sustainable technologies. For these technological additions to be
valuable and efficient, the architect must carefully examine their placement.

4.1.4. Initial Design Translation

4.1.4.1. Design Concept
Neo-Vernacular Architecture
Neo-vernacular architecture considers climate,
regional vernacular design principles, and
cultural norms. Vernacular components and
recruiting locals to participate in the project will
help attain socioeconomic sustainability. This
combines historical knowledge with current
approaches for future sustainability. Similarly,
neo-vernacular techniques may alleviate
environmental degradation. When buildings are
designed to fit their surroundings, they reinforce
the area's cultural and geographical features.
Neo-vernacular architecture addresses today's
critical challenges and neglected principles. Figure 110 Neo-vernacular Architecture

Neo-vernacular architecture is a contemporary solution. "Neo" denotes cutting-edge technology,

whereas "vernacular" relates to ancient architectural processes. Neo-vernacular architecture
enhances vernacular styles. These constructions combine vernacular and advanced architecture to
satisfy a variety of demands. The neo-vernacular architecture uses local traditions and resources to
develop sustainable systems.
(Reference: Rajpu & Tiwari, 2020)

103
4.1.4.2. Design Form Concept
The proposed project's form concept will be inspired by the shape of a navigation compass. The origin
of the city's name, according to the historical tale of Parañaque City. According to one legend, a balete
tree formerly stood at the entrance of the river now known as the Parañaque, and from afar, it
resembled a magnificent ship. This earned it the name Palanyag, which is derived from the phrase
'palayag,' which means "point of navigation." (Reference: LGU Paranaque City, 2022)

Figure 111 Form Concept

Therefore, the form idea of the proposed project's structures is a navigation arrow. Its form might be a
mix of free forms, such as curving or angular, with wide, numerous windows, combined with the
surrounding environment and innovative design. The sustainability and energy efficiency of the
construction will be achieved via the use of modern and traditional techniques.

4.1.4.3. Design Philosophy

“Architecture must be true to itself, to its land, and to its people.” The design of the built environment
reflects man’s expression of his way of life, his emotional, philosophical, religious, technological and
material values in response to his needs and environmental challenges” – Francisco Manosa.
(Reference: Illustradolife, 2019)

Having this remark from the father of Philippine Neo-vernacular Architecture as motivation, the
objective of this project is to construct a facility that will represent the vernacular character of Filipino
Architecture and touch every visitor's sensibility as well as their requirements and environmental
difficulties from the modern-day condition that will create an innovative solution through Neo-
vernacular Architecture.

4.1.4.4. Design Considerations

• Accessibility - Elliptical road networks for vehicular and pedestrian movement inside the site,
designed to reduce congestion and the need for makeshift ramps and other accommodations for
the disabled.
• Anthropometric/Ergonomics - Measurements of the user's physique should inform the design of all
buildings, equipment, and furniture.
• Aesthetics – Neo-Vernacular design that will reflect the aesthetic value of the proposed project.

104
 • Circulation - Consideration must be given to the ease of mobility of humans, vehicles, information
services, and components within facilities. It also reduces the need for pedestrian and vehicle traffic
by maximizing available areas.
• Environment - Site-specific landscapes modulate visitor experience while enhancing the
surrounding ecosystem.
• Lighting - Sunlight positively influences a building's ambiance, lighting, and atmosphere when it
enters through strategically placed windows and doors.
• Orientation - To have an effective design strategy, it is necessary to ensure that each area and
building is positioned appropriately according to its purpose, considering the route of the sun and
air circulation.
• Ventilation- The thermal conditions of a building, the optimal placement of openings, and the
amount of open space all depend on the prevailing wind.
• Zoning - It is necessary to consider the arrangement of access to facilities for management, as well
as for visitors and management offices.

4.1.4.5. Structural System

Pile Foundation
A pile foundation is a deep foundation that takes
the form of a thin column or cylinder and may
be constructed from either concrete or steel.
The use of piles as a foundation allows for high
loads to be transferred from a building to solid
rock strata buried far below the surface. They
are constructed to support the structure and
transmit the load to the necessary depth,
typically three times more than its width. Large
constructions and areas with thin soil that
cannot support settlement or uplift are preferred
options for using pile foundations. (Reference:
Atkinson, 2007) Figure 112 Pile Foundation

Cable Tension Facades

Loads from the facade are transferred to the main
structure through high-tensile cables or stainless-steel
rods in tension facades. The facade gains
transparency by hiding less of the building's
substantial framework. Typically, businesses will
choose between tension rod facades and cable net
walls. To counteract the bending forces caused by the
wind, the horizontal joints in many tension rod facades
are braced by steel plate beams that are anywhere
from 1 inch to 2 inches thick. These beam plates are
supported by vertical stainless-steel sag rods/cables,
Figure 113 Cable Tension Facade
which distribute the glass’s dead load and the beam’s
weight between the attachment locations on the building columns. The resultant framework does a
better job distributing loads around the building and keeps the interior and outside views unobstructed.

105
 One variant of this façade combines the practicality of a truss system with the cutting-edge style of
stainless steel by using the geometry of vertical stainless-steel rod or cable truss structures inside.
(Reference: W&W Glass LLC, 2022)

4.1.4.6. Planning Theory

Incrementalism
This theory, proposed by Charles Lindbloom in The Science of Muddling Through, is a realistic solution
to rationalism. Planning is viewed as less of a scientific process and more of a combination of intuition
and experience.

Since the goal of the proposed Fashion Hub is to provide an immersive experience through the
aesthetic design of the facility. This will contribute to the envisioning of the project to become a marker
and representation of the growing distinctive local wearing apparel businesses in the fashion industry.

4.1.4.7. Design Finishes

Adobe Stone Wall
Adobe is a dried mud brick that combines the
natural elements of earth, water, and sun. It is
an ancient building material usually made with
tightly compacted sand, clay, and straw or grass
mixed with moisture, formed into bricks, and
naturally dried or baked in the sun without an
oven or kiln. Adobe is a practical and cost-
effective resource in building its easy sourcing
and no-frills application. Observed in the context
of sustainable construction, these benefits
amplify when considering their environmental,
social, and economic advantages. (Reference: Figure 114 Adobe Stone Wall
Craven, 2019)

Cross-Laminated Timber Construction

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a large-scale,
prefabricated, solid-engineered wood panel.
Lightweight yet very strong, with superior
acoustic, fire, seismic and thermal performance,
CLT is also fast and easy to install, generating
almost no waste onsite. CLT offers design
flexibility and low environmental impacts. Cross-
laminated timber is a highly advantageous
alternative to conventional materials like
concrete, masonry, or steel, especially in
multifamily and commercial construction.
(Reference: Apa Wood, 2022) Figure 115 Cross-Laminated Timber

4.2. Design Features

4.2.1. Architectural Character
106
 The architectural design approach of the proposed project is Experiential Approach. This approach to
architectural design is extremely immersive. The experiential approach considers the end user's
experience. In this design strategy, the fashion hub facility is designed as an experience. It
incorporates every impression that a visitor will have on the facility, creating a fully immersive
experience such as experiencing the fashion shows and exhibitions/events within the facility, and the
visitors will feel the connectivity to the diverse modern and local design of wearing apparel and the
building itself. The immersive design approach will guide a visitor through the experiential inner
workings of the beautiful piece of art which is the fashion hub. This design approach is first and
foremost about aesthetics that will incorporate into the facility through materials and design planning
of the proposed project. (Reference: Work with Focus, 2019)

4.2.2. Innovations
Translucent Daylighting Panels
Translucent panel solutions are an energy-
saving, durable and diverse glazing choice. The
innovative translucent panel construction offers
both strength and lightweight while enabling soft,
diffused natural light to brighten the interior
areas. Natural daylight has several positive
effects, including reducing energy consumption,
improving the mood of a room by providing a
more natural light source than artificial lighting,
and boosting morale and productivity. It makes
the most of the natural illumination that a building
has available. (Reference: Major Skylights,
2022) Figure 116 Translucent Daylighting Panel

Solar Windows
Solar windows are energy-efficient windows that
include solar panels. They look like regular
windows but have photovoltaic glass that turns
sunlight into sustainable electricity. Solar
windows have photovoltaic glass that contains
solar cells to gather solar energy. This solar
energy is transformed into electricity, which
supplies the property's electrical appliances.
Building Integrated Photovoltaics includes solar
glass windows (BIPV). Rather than being
installed, BIPV technology is integrated into the
building. This means owners who want to create
renewable energy will not have to install solar
panels. (Reference: Windows Guide, 2022) Figure 117 Solar Windows

4.2.3. Highlights
Structural Concept
Pile Foundation
107
 A pile foundation is a deep foundation that takes the form of a thin column or cylinder and may be
constructed from either concrete or steel. The use of piles as a foundation allows for high loads to be
transferred from a building to solid rock strata buried far below the surface. They are constructed to
support the structure and transmit the load to the necessary depth, typically three times more than its
width. Large constructions and areas with thin soil that cannot support settlement or uplift are preferred
options for using pile foundations. (Reference: Atkinson, 2007)

Fenestration Strategies Concept

Cable Tension Facades
Loads from the facade are transferred to the main structure through high-tensile cables or stainless-
steel rods in tension facades. The facade gains transparency by hiding less of the building's substantial
framework. Typically, there are two types of cable tension facades which are tension rod facades and
cable net walls. (Reference: W&W Glass LLC, 2022)

4.2.4. Material Concept

Cross-Laminated Timber Construction
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a large-scale,
prefabricated, solid-engineered wood panel.
Lightweight yet very strong, with superior acoustic, fire,
seismic and thermal performance, CLT is also fast and
easy to install, generating almost no waste onsite. CLT
offers design flexibility and low environmental impacts.
Cross-laminated timber is a highly advantageous
alternative to conventional materials like concrete,
masonry, or steel, especially in multifamily and
commercial construction. (Reference: Apa Wood, 2022)
Figure 118 Cross Laminated Timber
Adobe Stone Wall
Adobe bricks, far from being an obsolete construction
material with poor insulating properties, are now
recognized as very contemporary because of their
unique abilities to store heat and moderate temperature
extremes inside a structure. Properly constructed adobe
homes, taking full advantage of the sun in either active
or passive solar systems, are extremely energy efficient,
at least in areas with a suitably high percentage of sunny
days. With the development of stabilized and semi-
stabilized adobe brick and proper care of walls, new
adobe structures can last many years. (Reference:
Craven, 2019)
Figure 119 Adobe Stone Wall

108
 Bamboo Solid Panel
Bamboo’s adaptability and low cost have led to its
widespread use in contemporary architecture. As a
renewable resource, bamboo is abundant because it
grows rapidly; it takes about four to ten years to reach
harvestable maturity, whereas it may take wood up to
sixty. As wood becomes scarcer in today's world,
bamboo has emerged as the most efficient renewable
resource. It is sustainable due to its low environmental
effect and adaptability since it may be utilized in any
design. As technology progresses, more study is
conducted on conservation strategies, fostering
innovation in the construction industry. (Burkett, 2022) Figure 120 Bamboo Solid Panel

4.3. Project Cost Analysis

17-LINE COST ANALYSIS

A. CONSTRUCTION COST
LINE DESCRIPTION FORMULA TOTAL
(Total Floor Area x Cost Per Sqm) =
1 Building Cost Php. 902,818,723.85
15,381.67 x 56,776
(8% to 15% of Line 1) = 10% x
2 Equipment Cost Php. 9,028,187.24
873,309,965.61
3 Premium Cost (3% of Line 1) = 3% x 873,309,965.61 Php. 27,084,561.72
(5% to 10% of Line 1) = 5% x
4 Contingencies Php. 45,140,936.19
873,309,965.61
(Sum of Lines 1 to 4) = 873,309,965.61
5 Construction Cost + 5,607,714.422 + 16,823,143.27 + Php. 984,072,408.99
28,038,572.11
(1% to 5% of Line 5) = 3% x
6 Escalation Cost Php. 29,522,172.27
611,240,872.00
Total Construction (Sum of Line 5 and 6) =
7 Php. 1,013,594,581.26
Cost 611,240,872.00 + 18,337,226.16
B. CAPITAL AND OTHER COST
LINE DESCRIPTION FORMULA TOTAL
(3% to 12% of Line 1) = 12% x
8 Professional Fees Php. 10,833,824.69
873,309,965.61

109
 (Lot Area x Land Market Value per
9 Site Acquisition Cost Php. 329,448,000.00
Sqm) = 54,908 x 6,000
[(Total Lot Area – Building Footprint) x
Land Development and
10 Cost Per Sqm] = (54,908 – 38,435.6) x Php. 123,543,000.00
Site Improvement Cost
7,500

11 Fixed Equipment Cost (8% of Line 1) = 8% x 873,309,965.61 Php. 72,225,497.91

12 Miscellaneous (5% of Line 1) = 5% x 873,309,965.61 Php. 45,140,936.19

(Sum of Line 8 to Line 11 x 5%) =
Contingencies on
13 6,729,257.31 + 329,448,000.00 + Php. 26,802,516.13
Other Cost
123,543,000.00 + 44,861,715.38
(Sum of Lines 8 to 13) = 6,729,257.31
Total Capital and Other + 329,448,000.00 + 123,543,000.00 +
14 Php. 607,993,774.92
Cost 44,861,715.38 + 28,038,572.11 +
25,229,098.63
C. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT COST
LINE DESCRIPTION FORMULA TOTAL
(Sum of Line 7 and Line 14) =
15 Project Cost Php. 1,621,588,356.18
629,578,098.16 + 557,849,643.43

16 Owner’s Contingencies (5% of Line 1) = 5% x 873,309,965.61 Php. 45,140,936.19

Total Project (Sum of Line 15 and Line 16) =
17 Php. 1,666,729,292.37
Development Cost 1,187,427,741.58 + 28,038,572.11
Figure 121 17 Line Cost Analysis

RETURN OF INVESTMENT
Leasable Space (A) Monthly Profit
Annual Profit
Space Area (Sqm) At Php 1,030
A1 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A2 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A3 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A4 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A5 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A6 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A7 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A8 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A9 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A10 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A11 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A12 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A13 150.20 154,706 1,856,472

110
 A14 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A15 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A16 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A17 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A18 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A19 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
A20 150.20 154,706 1,856,472
Sub-Total Php 37,129,440

Leasable Space (B) Monthly Profit

Annual Profit
Space Area (Sqm) At Php 1,030
B1 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B2 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B3 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B4 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B5 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B6 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B7 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B8 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B9 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B10 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B11 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B12 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B13 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B14 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B15 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B16 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B17 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B18 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B19 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B20 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B21 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B22 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B23 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B24 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B25 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B26 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B27 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B28 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B29 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B30 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B31 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B32 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B33 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80

111
 B34 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B35 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B36 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B37 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B38 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B39 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
B40 95.63 98,498.90 1,181,986.80
Sub-Total Php 47,279,472

Leasable Space (C) Monthly Profit

Annual Profit
Space Area (Sqm) At Php 1,030
C1 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C2 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C3 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C4 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C5 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C6 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C7 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C8 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C9 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C10 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C11 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C12 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C13 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C14 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C15 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C16 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C17 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C18 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C19 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C20 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C21 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C22 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C23 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C24 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C25 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C26 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C27 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C28 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C29 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C30 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C31 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C32 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C33 67.55 69,576.50 834,918

112
 C34 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C35 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C36 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C37 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C38 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C39 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
C40 67.55 69,576.50 834,918
Sub-Total Php 33,396,720

Restaurant/Cafe Monthly Profit

Annual Profit
Space Area (Sqm) At Php 1,500
1 179.59 269,385 3,232,620
2 75.56 113,340 1,360,080
3 670.98 1,006,470 12,077,640
Sub-Total Php 16,670,340

Food court Monthly Profit

Annual Profit
Space Area (Sqm) At Php 1,000
1 814.40 814,400 Php 9,772,800

Seminar/Exhibition Halls
Max. Rent Hours Rent Price Per Hour Events Per Month
Weekdays (MWF)
5 hours 1,200 16
Monthly Income (Rent hrs. x Rent price x Events per Php 96,000
month
Annual Income (Php 54,000 x 12mos.) Php 1,152,000
Seminar/Exhibition Halls
Max. Rent Hours Rent Price Per Hour Events Per Month
Weekends (Sat, Sun)
10 hours 1,200 8
Monthly Income (Rent hrs. x Rent price x Events per Php 96,000
month
Annual Income (Php 54,000 x 12mos.) Php 1,152,000
Total for Seminar/Exhibition Halls (Weekdays & Php 2,304,000
Weekends)

Fashion Block (TThFS)

No. of No. of
Area Cost Per Sub-Total
(a x b) Events per Days per c+d
Space (Sqm) Area (A x B)
month month
a b A c d B C
Audience
Seating 391.56 1,000 391,560 4 12 48 Php 18,794,880
Area

113
 Runway
91.94 1,000 91,940 4 12 48 Php 4,413,120
Stage
Monthly Income Php 23,208,000
Annual Income Php 278,496,000

Parking Slots Monthly Profit

Daily Profit
Vehicle Slots Parking Rate
Cars 144 40 5,760
Motorcycle 20 25 500
Monthly Income ((5,760 + 500) (30 days)) Php 187,800
Annual Income (187,800 x 12 mos.) Php 2,253,600

Facilities Annual Income

Leasable Space (A) Php 37,129,440
Leasable Space (B) Php 47,279,472
Leasable Space (C) Php 33,396,720
Restaurant/Cafe Php 16,670,340
Food court Php 9,772,800
Seminar/Exhibition Halls Php 2,304,000
Fashion Block Php 278,496,000
Parking Slots Php 2,253,600
Total Annual Income Php 427,302,372.00

COST-BENEFIT RATIO
Total Annual Income Php 427,302,372.00
Total Annual Expense (10%) Php 42,730,237.20
Total Profit Annually x .10

SUMMARY
Total Annual Income Php 427,302,372.00
Total Annual Expense (10%) Php 42,730,237.20
Grand Total Annual Income Php 384,572,134.80
Total Project Development Cost Php. 1,666,729,292.37
Return of Investment
0.2307 or 23.07%
(Grand Total Annual Income/Total Project
4.33 or 4 years
Development Cost)

114
APPENDICES
A. DEFINITION, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATION

Neo-Vernacular Architecture - Neo-Vernacular Architecture incorporates climatic considerations, local

vernacular principles, modern construction techniques, and cultural adherence.

Roadmap - A roadmap is a strategic plan that defines a goal or desired outcome and includes the major
steps or milestones needed to reach it.

Hub - a center of activity: focal point

DTI – Department of Trade and Industry

BOI – Board of Investment

MFA – Multi-Fiber Agreement

MRRP - Manufacturing Resurgence Program's

IDP - Industry Development Program

CITEM – Center for International Trade and Expositions and Missions

SME – Small and Medium Enterprises

SID – Special Investment District

NCR – National Capital Region

LGU – Local Government Unit

CPH - Census of Population and Housing

NSO – National Statistics Office

PSA – Philippine Statistics Authority

ROI – Return of Investment

B. REFERRALS (BOOKS, JOURNALS, ARTICLES, AND WEBSITES)

Philippines. (2005). The National Building Code of the Philippines; and, its revised implementing rules and
regulations approved by the Department of Public Works and Highways on October 29, 2004 and
took effect on April 30, 2005 after official publication. Vicente B. Foz Publisher-Editor.
IRR of BP 344. (n.d.). National Council on Disability Affairs. https://www.ncda.gov.ph/disability-
laws/implementing-rules-and-regulations-irr/irr-of-bp-344/
History of Plumbing Practice. (n.d.). https://philconprices.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/188541488-
Revised-National-Plumbing-Code-of-the-Philippines.pdf
Republic Act No. 9514 | GOVPH. (2008, December 18). Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2008/12/19/republic-act-no-9514/
PH garments and textile industry gears up to jumpstart resurgence. Dti.gov.ph. (2018, August 23).
Retrieved October 8, 2022, from https://www.dti.gov.ph/archives/news-archives/ph-garments-and-
textile-industry-gears-up-to-jumpstart-resurgence/
Govph. Center for International Trade Expositions and Missions (CITEM). (n.d.). Retrieved October 8,
2022, from https://citem.gov.ph/
Parañaque - Mega City By The Bay. Tambo. (n.d.). Retrieved October 8, 2022, from
https://paranaquecity.gov.ph/?page_id=715
National disaster risk reduction and management council. (2014). Retrieved October 8, 2022, from
https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/1509/Component_4_Tropical_Cyclone_Severe_Wind_Te
chnical_Report_-_Final_Draft_by_GA_and_PAGASA.pdf
National disaster risk reduction and management plan. (n.d.). Retrieved October 8, 2022, from
https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/1980/National_Disaster_Risk_Reduction_and_Managem
ent_Plan.pdf
Scribd. (2015). Socio-Economic Profile 2013 PDF. Scribd. Retrieved October 8, 2022, from
https://www.scribd.com/document/282386065/Socio-Economic-Profile-2013-pdf
Parañaque. PhilAtlas. (n.d.). Retrieved October 8, 2022, from
https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/ncr/paranaque.html
Philippine Statistics Authority | Republic of the Philippines. (2014). Psa.gov.ph.
https://psa.gov.ph/manufacturing/cpbi-id/49488

Top 10 Largest Malls In The Philippines. (2021, January 1). Discover the Philippines.
https://www.discoverthephilippines.com/top-10-largest-malls-in-the-philippines/

Philippines Aims for Garments and Textile Industry Revival | Grow Your Business. (n.d.). Retrieved
November 10, 2022, from https://www.growyourbusiness.org/business-news/philippines-aims-for-
garments-and-textile-industry-revival/