A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF

HIGH RISE BUILDING ON SLOPES BY CONCRETE

SHEAR WALL & STEEL SHEAR WALL .

A Synopsis Report Submitted To

Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University

Bhilai (CIG), India In Partial Fulfilment
For the award of degree of
Master of technology
In

Structural Engineering
By

ASTHA YADAV
(Roll No: 513305022005 & Enrollment No:BD1782)
Under the guidance of
Mr. Dinesh Sen
(Assistant Professor)
Co - Guide
Dr. R.N.Khare
(Principal Sir)

Department Of Civil Engineering

Vishwavidyalaya Engineering College
Ambikapur

2023 - 2024
 Declaration by the Candidate
I the undersigned solemnly declare that the report of the synopsis work entitled “ A Comparative
Study of seismic performance of high rise building on slopes by concrete shear wall & steel shear
wall ”. is based on my own work carried out during the course of my study under the supervision
of Mr. Dinesh Sen (Assistant Professor).

I assert that the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of the project work. I
further declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief that the report does not contain any part
of any work
which has been submitted for the award of any other degree/diploma/certificate in this
University/deemed University of India or any other country. All helps received and citations used
for the preparation of the thesis have been duly acknowledged.

(Signature of the Candidate)

Name — Astha Yadav.

Roll No.: 513305022005

Enrollment No.: BD1782

Signature of the Supervisor

Mr. Dinesh Sen

Assistant Professor,

VISHWAVIDYALAYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

AMBIKAPUR, SURGUJA, C.G

Abstract

During an earthquake, most structures in the affected area experience seismic forces. When a tall sloped
ground building undergoes lateral or torsional deflections due to seismic loads, the resulting
oscillations can lead to various effects on the building's occupants. This makes lateral stiffness a crucial
factor in designing multistory structures. Reinforced concrete frame structures can be improved against
lateral loading by adding concrete shear walls and steel shear wall. In this study, a 35 degree sloped
G+10-story residential reinforced concrete (RC) building analyzed with concrete shear wall and steel
shear walls. The analysis is conducted in accordance with the IS 1893:2002 code using STAADPRO
software. The building model is analyzed using the response spectrum method in STAADPRO
software. Key parameters considered include spectral displacement , roof displacement , base shear,
story drift, axial force, shear force, and time period.
Keywords: Shear wall , Lateral Stability, Seismic Loading , RCC building , sloping ground

INTRODUCTION

India's hilly northern and northeastern regions have high seismic activity, attracting people from plains
for tourism, religious reasons, and to ease urban overcrowding. Buildings on sloping ground face
greater risks from seismic forces, particularly on uphill columns that bear increased lateral forces,
leading to more plastic hinges and structural damage.

Buildings on slopes are distinct due to horizontal and vertical irregularities, often resulting in a
mismatch between the centers of mass and stiffness, creating significant torsional responses during
earthquakes.
Uneven column heights in sloping structures exacerbate these risks.

A study using Staad-Pro software analyzed two 10-story building configurations—one on sloping
terrain with concrete shear wall and other one on steel shear wall compared on the basis on zone – IV
& V —to understand dynamic responses such as base shear, fundamental period, bending moment ,
story drift and displacement. The goal is to determine optimal building designs for hilly areas. While
soil-structure interaction is not always considered .

When earthquakes hit, reinforced concrete frame buildings with columns of different heights in the
same storey often see more damage in the shorter columns compared to the taller ones.
This problem is common in buildings on sloping ground , as illustrated in Figure 1.1.
The reason shorter columns suffer more is that during an earthquake, they and the taller columns in the
same storey move the same distance horizontally. However, because shorter columns are stiffer than
taller ones, they attract more earthquake force. Stiffness refers to a column's resistance to bending or
deforming—the stiffer it is, the more force it can take without bending.

But if a shorter column isn't designed to handle this extra force, it can get damaged during an
earthquake. This is what's known as the "short column effect." Figure 1.2 shows how short columns
behave under lateral stress, emphasizing their stiffness and the risks they face from stronger forces.
To avoid this problem, engineers need to ensure that shorter columns are designed to withstand these
higher forces to prevent damage in seismic events.
OBJECTIVE OF PROPOSED RESEARCH ;-
• To study the seismic performance of building resting on
sloping ground with concrete shear wall & steel shear wall.
• A comparative study of high rise building with concrete
shear wall and steel shear wall on zone -IV & V .

LITERATURE REVIEW IN BRIEF : -

Literature review by various researchers ;

S.D.Uttekar, C.R.Nayak
Seismic analysis examines how structures respond to earthquakes, crucial for design and retrofitting in quake-
prone regions. This paper studies reinforced concrete (RC) buildings on sloping ground using SAP2000
software, focusing on linear and nonlinear analysis per I.S. 1893:2002 (Part I) and FEMA356 codes.RC
structures on sloping ground behave differently from those on flat terrain, primarily because of their irregular
design and torsional coupling. The analysis did not consider the impact of infill walls, which can affect a
building's strength and stiffness. Due to mass and stiffness variations, buildings on hills are more vulnerable
to earthquakes, experiencing higher shear and torsion than conventional structures.
Key findings include:
1. Ground-level leftmost columns in Step back and Step back-Setback buildings are the most vulnerable during
earthquakes.
2. Base shear is higher in Step back-Setback buildings compared to Step back buildings.
3. The effect of infill walls was not considered but could significantly impact seismic response.

Jean-Pierre Bardet and Fang Liu

In past earthquakes, gently sloping ground has been observed to shift laterally over large areas. This is often
caused by factors like liquefaction, reduced soil shear strength, gravity, and seismic shaking. Newmark sliding
blocks are used to model these movements, although predicting their magnitude remains challenging.
This paper examines how these shifts occur when gravitational forces and earthquake shaking combine
to destabilize gently sloping ground. Using a physical model and Monte Carlo simulations, the study suggests
that earthquake-induced ground velocity pulses can influence the motion of such ground, even with varying
degrees of soil strength loss. The findings indicate that when large soil deposits become unstable during
earthquakes, ground velocity from seismic activity is a likely factor in these lateral shifts. The study outlines
the scenarios where gravity and earthquake shaking impact the movement of gently sloping ground.

Mohammed UMAR FAROOQUE Patel

Buildings on hills are unique because their floors step back towards the slope and often have setbacks. These
structures are more prone to seismic risks due to their location. This study created 3D models of eight-story
buildings, both symmetric and asymmetric, using the structural analysis tool 'Etabs.' The goal was to
understand how varying column heights on sloping ground and shear wall positions affect building behavior
during earthquakes. Seismic analysis was conducted with Linear Static and Linear Dynamic methods,
evaluated using pushover analysis.
The findings revealed that buildings on sloping ground are more vulnerable, with column hinges forming at
the base and beam hinges appearing at each story level during performance tests. The study noted that
buildings on sloping ground had more plastic hinges compared to those on flat ground. Additionally, spectral
displacement (Sd) and roof displacement (D) were considerably lower in buildings on flat ground. Overall,
the increased vulnerability of buildings on slopes is a significant concern, with more plastic hinges and greater
seismic risks compared to structures on flat ground.
Qudsia Bhavikatti , Swapnil B. Cholekar
In this research paper the study analyzes seismic effects on buildings located on sloping ground with angles
of 16, 20, and 24 degrees, considering soil-structure interaction with hard, medium, and soft soils. It uses IS-
1893:2002 standards and ETAB2003 software to assess key seismic response parameters such as base shear,
fundamental time period, storey displacement, and axial force for buildings with fixed and flexible bases.
The findings show that soil-structure interaction generally reduces base shear but increases the
fundamental time period, storey displacement, and axial force. These effects are more pronounced as the slope
angle decreases. Base shear tends to be inversely proportional to the slope angle, meaning lower angles lead
to higher base shear.

Dr. S. A. Halkude, Mr. M. G. Kalyanshetti, Mr. V. D. Ingle

In hilly regions, construction often adapts to the terrain, typically adopting step-back or step-back-and-set-
back configurations for buildings. These configurations create structures with irregular column heights,
leading to torsion and increased shear during seismic events. This study uses Response Spectrum Analysis
(RSA) to evaluate the seismic response of two types of building frames—step-back and step-back-and-set-
back—on sloping ground with varying numbers of bays and hill slope ratios. Key response parameters include
the fundamental time period, top storey displacement, and base shear in columns.
The study finds that step-back-and-set-back building frames are more suitable for sloping ground than
step-back frames. As the hill slope increases, the time period and top storey displacement tend to decrease.
The variation in base shear, displacement, and time period is also analyzed between the two configurations.
Ultimately, step-back-and-set-back frames seem to offer better seismic resilience in hilly regions compared to
step-back frames.

Ajay Kumar Sreerama, Pradeep Kumar Ramancharla

The 2011 Sikkim earthquake (M6.9) and 2013 Doda earthquake (M5.8) caused significant damage to
buildings and hill slopes, even though the ground shaking intensity was relatively low, about VI or less
on the MSK scale. The disproportionate damage is likely due to high amplification in local site areas.
This paper examines the behavior of G+3 buildings on varying slope angles (15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°)
compared to flat ground.
The buildings, designed per IS 456, underwent lateral load analysis and incremental dynamic analysis
to assess their response to earthquake loads. Results indicate that as the slope angle increases, building
stiffness also increases. However, short columns on the higher side of the slope are subjected to more
shear force than longer columns on the lower side.
The study uses the finite element method for static analysis and the Applied Element Method (AEM)
for dynamic analysis, finding that slope angle affects building stiffness and shear forces on columns.
These findings highlight the need for special design considerations for buildings on hill slopes to
manage seismic risks effectively.

Palak Jain, Sumit Pahwa

Due to land shortages, construction is increasingly occurring on inclined ground, especially in hilly areas,
which are prone to seismic activity. High-rise buildings in these regions often suffer significant damage or
collapse during earthquakes. This study examines the seismic performance of multi-storied reinforced
concrete buildings on slopes with angles of 25˚, 26˚, 27˚, 28˚, 29˚, and 30˚, comparing them to similar
structures on flat ground.
Using dynamic analysis, the research assesses how different slope angles impact building stability during
seismic events. Two structural configurations are considered: setback and step-back. The findings suggest that
buildings on sloping ground require unique design considerations to reduce the risk of damage during
earthquakes, as stress distributions vary with slope angles. Overall, the study aims to improve the safety of
multi-storied buildings in hilly areas by offering insights into how they perform under seismic conditions.

K Veera Babu , S Siva Rama Krishna , Venu Malagavelli

The analysis's findings, including storey shear, storey drifts, moments, and displacement, are
tabulated and examined. To compare the results of Story Drift, Shear force, bending moment, and
Building Torsion of regular and irregular buildings with 10-degree and 20-degree slope ground
structures with flat ground models developed with ETABS software in order to investigate, in
accordance with IS 1893:2002, the seismic behavior of multi-story structures in Zone II & G+12
Methodology used :- Response spectrum analysis Absolute means that peak values are added. Square
root of the squares' sum (SRSS). Complete quadratic combination (CQC), a technique that, for
closely spaced modes, outperforms SRSS.

Anjeet Singh Chauhan & Rajiv Banerjee

Structural irregularities are a common cause of building failures during earthquakes. These irregularities can
include variations in mass, stiffness, diaphragm, strength, and torsion. Dynamic analysis is necessary to
understand a building's maximum response to seismic events, and Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA) is a
practical method for this.
This study focuses on a G+10 reinforced cement concrete (RCC) Stepback building with 3.6-meter-high
stories on sloping ground, analyzed with Response Spectrum in seismic zone V. The building has horizontal
slope angles of 20°, 30°, 40°, and 45°. The top two stories are designed for heavy machinery, creating mass
irregularity, while ground-to-top openings for light and stairs cause diaphragm irregularity.Using Etabs
software and IS 1893:2016, the study examines dynamic response properties such as mode period, base shear,
story deflection, story drift, and story shear. The results reveal how structural irregularities affect seismic
resilience, highlighting the need for careful design and analysis to ensure safety in earthquake-prone areas.

Likhitharadhya Y R, Praveen J V, Sanjith J, Ranjith A

Construction on sloping ground is becoming common due to limited level land. There are two typical building
configurations for slopes: step back and step back-setback. This study examines a G+10 reinforced cement
concrete (RCC) building on slopes ranging from 10° to 30°, using ETAB 2015 to analyze the seismic impact.
The study compares this building to one on flat ground, focusing on the effect of varying column heights in
the bottom storey during earthquakes.
Seismic analysis follows the Response Spectrum method according to IS:1893 (Part 1): 2002, evaluating
parameters like top storey displacement, storey acceleration, base shear, and mode period. The results show
that shorter columns are more vulnerable to damage during seismic events.
These findings highlight the need for special design considerations for buildings on sloping terrain to enhance
safety and stability in earthquake-prone areas.

Prasad Ramesh Vaidya

This study examines the seismic performance of shear wall buildings on sloping ground, focusing on
the impact of different shear wall positions. Using Response Spectrum Analysis with SAP 2000, the
study assesses four models: one frame-type and three dual-type (shear wall-frame interaction) with
various shear wall placements.
The analysis measures displacement, story drift, and maximum column forces. The results offer
insights into how shear walls can improve stability on sloping terrain, guiding safer building design in
earthquake-prone areas.
 Ms. Sunita D. Kamble. P.G. & Dr. Surekha.A. Bhalchandra.
This study investigates the seismic performance of buildings on sloping ground, with and without shear
walls, using linear Time History Analysis in the structural engineering software SAP2000. The focus
is on assessing buildings with no shear walls, shear walls at all corners, and shear walls at only two
corners with long columns.
Dynamic analysis is conducted using finite element software SAP2000, with 3D analysis carried out
through the Time History method. This approach allows a detailed examination of how these different
shear wall configurations affect a building's seismic response on sloping terrain. The study aims to
provide insights into the effectiveness of shear walls in enhancing building stability and performance
during seismic events.

Sindhurashmi B. M. , Bhavani Shankar

Earthquakes can cause severe damage, especially in hilly regions where buildings are structurally different
from those on flat ground. Asymmetry from varying column lengths creates high shear forces and torsional
moments, with shorter columns attracting more force and being more susceptible to damage during seismic
events.
This study examines four building models with various configurations using ETABS 2015, analyzing story
displacement, story drift, time period, and story shear. The results are compared between step-back and step-
back-setback designs to find the best configuration for hilly regions. The analysis uses Equivalent Static
Analysis, with potential for further exploration through wind analysis per BIS 875 part 3 and the Response
Spectrum Method.
The study suggests that additional analysis with bracings and dampers could be beneficial, with the proposed
method adaptable to different building heights and dimensions. This research offers insights into building
design for seismic resilience in hilly areas, helping to guide safer construction practices.

Yaseer Alashkar, Sohaib Nazar, Mohammad Ahmed Associate Professor

Shear walls and steel bracing systems are widely used in medium- to high-rise buildings for their ability to
enhance stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation, enabling structures to better withstand seismic and wind
loads. These systems are proven solutions for seismic retrofitting and building reinforcement, especially with
the use of performance-based design techniques and capacity design principles. Given the need to strengthen
many existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings to resist seismic loads, retrofitting with shear walls and steel
bracing has become a critical strategy for improving building resilience.
This study analyzes a nine-story building located in seismic zone III to evaluate its seismic performance after
rehabilitation with shear walls and concentrated steel bracing. The assessment compares different types of
steel bracing with concrete shear walls placed at various locations within the building. Key metrics like story
drifts, lateral displacements, bending moments, and base shear were used to measure the building's
performance. The results provide insights into the most effective seismic retrofitting strategies, highlighting
the best combinations of shear walls and steel bracing to reinforce existing buildings in seismic zones,
ultimately supporting the aim of improving safety and resilience in earthquake-prone areas.

Dharanya A, Gayathri S, Deepika M

This study involves the analysis of a G+4 storey residential reinforced concrete (RC) building with a
soft storey, focusing on the effects of cross bracings and shear walls. The analysis follows the IS
1893:2002 code provisions using ETABS software. Cross bracings, such as X bracing, are applied at
the outer periphery of the columns, while shear walls are positioned at the building's corners. The
building model is analyzed using the equivalent stiffness method in ETABS.
Key parameters compared in the analysis include lateral displacement, base shear, storey drift, axial
force, shear force, and time period. By examining these parameters, the study aims to understand how
cross bracings and shear walls contribute to the building's stability and seismic resilience. This approach
helps in identifying effective structural reinforcement techniques to improve safety in residential RC
buildings with soft storeys.

Numesh Sahu, Swati Agrawal

Buildings on slopes differ from those on flat terrain in several ways. They tend to be irregular and
asymmetrical in both horizontal and vertical planes, often experiencing torsional coupling. This makes them
more vulnerable to severe damage during earthquake ground motion. Although long-term earthquakes cannot
be prevented, effective preparedness and safe building practices can significantly reduce injuries and property
loss.
One reason for this increased vulnerability is the varying column heights in the ground storey, where one end
might have a short column and the other a long column. The dynamic characteristics of hill buildings differ
from those on flat ground due to these irregularities. The torsional effect during ground motion is exacerbated
by differing stiffness and mass along horizontal and vertical planes. Short columns in reinforced concrete
(RC) frame buildings are particularly prone to damage, as they attract more force during earthquakes.
This study focuses on analyzing a 2-D frame of a G+9 building on sloping ground at 45 degrees and 65
degrees, comparing it with a building on flat ground. Using ETABS software, the research assesses the impact
of seismic loads on these structures. The findings provide insights into the unique challenges of building on
slopes and the measures needed to enhance earthquake resilience in such environments.

D. J. Misal, M. A. Bagade
Buildings in hilly areas are often constructed on sloping grounds, and when these regions fall within
seismic zones, these structures become highly susceptible to earthquakes. This study explores the
dynamic analysis of step-back and step-back-and-setback building frames using the response spectrum
method, focusing on the fundamental time period, storey displacement, and base shear in columns for
buildings of varying heights.
The results suggest that step-back-and-setback frames generally perform better than step-back frames.
However, introducing bracings into step-back frames significantly improves their performance, even
exceeding that of step-back-and-setback frames. The study includes a three-dimensional space frame
analysis for four configurations: step-back buildings without bracings, step-back buildings with
bracings, step-back-and-setback buildings without bracings, and regular buildings on plain ground.
These configurations cover buildings with eight, ten, and twelve stories built on sloping ground.
The building models are analyzed using ETABS software to understand the impact on time period,
storey displacement, and base shear. This comprehensive analysis provides insights into the best design
configurations and reinforcement strategies for buildings in hilly, earthquake-prone areas, highlighting
the importance of bracings for improved seismic performance.

Mr. Machhi Piyush ,Varsha Yadav

In various regions of India and the world, hilly areas are prone to seismic activity, such as the
Himalayas, Uttarakhand, and Saputara. This study explores the seismic performance of buildings with
both regular and irregular structures. It focuses on step-back and set-back buildings, featuring shear
walls, with varying heights from 5 to 15 stories and different ground slopes ranging from 3 to 40
degrees. The goal is to understand building behavior under seismic, wind, time-history, and response
spectrum analyses across different earthquake zones (1 through 5). The study also examines the static
and dynamic properties of buildings using finite element analysis software like ETABS, STAAD Pro,
and SAP2000, assessing factors like displacement, torsion, and maximum force.
Ajit C. Suryawanshi, V. M. Bogar
Reinforced concrete (RCC) structures are analyzed on sloping ground with and without soil structure
interaction (SSI) to compare key parameters like displacement, story shear, story drift, and base shear in
buildings. While RCC structures are typically used on flat terrain without SSI, this study focuses on sloping
ground to evaluate the impact of soil structure interaction. Using response spectrum analysis, the study
assesses how these factors differ between buildings with and without SSI on sloping ground. To conduct this
analysis, a G+19 (Ground floor plus 19 stories) structure is modeled in ETABS 2016, with and without soil
structure interaction, and the results are compared to understand the variations in displacement, story drift,
story shear, and base shear between the two scenarios.

Vrushali S. Kalsait , Dr. Valsson Varghese

This study employs the structural analysis software 'STAAD Pro v8i' to investigate the effects of sloping
ground on the performance of multi-story buildings during earthquakes. The goal is to conduct linear static
analysis on medium-height reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and examine how sloping ground impacts
their structural behavior during seismic events. The project focuses on the seismic analysis and design of
an RC building with a symmetrical plan, aiming to ensure it can withstand moderate earthquakes that might
occur during its service life, with damage kept within acceptable limits. These earthquakes are termed
Design Basis Earthquakes (DBE).
A G+15 (Ground floor plus 15 stories) building is analyzed using the Response Spectrum method on
ground with slopes of 0°, 7.5°, 15°, and 22°. The response spectrum used follows IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
for medium soil conditions. The analysis results are compared for the G+15 building across different slopes
but with consistent soil conditions. Multiple load cases and combinations are considered, with the worst-
case scenario guiding the design of beams and columns.
The design of reinforced concrete structures follows IS 456: 2000, while ductile detailing complies with
IS 13920: 1993. The study applies various static checks on the results to ensure accuracy and safety.
Ultimately, this work provides insights into how building design and performance might vary with different
sloping conditions, informing best practices for earthquake-resistant construction.

Prof. Dushyant A. Zamre, Raj S. Yetekar, Rahul G. Pawar, Shubham P. Sonawane, Arshad I. Shaikh
In this research paper study on the rapid urbanization in hilly regions has led to increased construction,
boosting the demand for multi-story buildings. Unlike in flat areas, buildings in hilly regions are often
irregular in shape, making them more vulnerable to earthquake damage. This study uses Staad Pro to
compare the seismic response of setback and step-back setback buildings on varying slopes and plain
ground in seismic zones IV and V. The analysis includes base shear, displacement, and time period. The
goal is to understand the impact of sloping terrain on building safety during earthquakes and provide
insights for more resilient construction in hilly areas.
Proposed Methodology :

Following methodology will be adopted for proposed work :-

• Literature review will be made through journals, reference books and also through internet & IS
Codes.
• Fabrication of the framed structure of suitable size.
• In this project the study based on to reduce future damage to large buildings due to earthquakes.
• The analysis based on staad-pro software analysis where performed RSA method ,the design
lateral shear forces at each floor in each mode is computed by STAADPRO in accordance with
the IS : 1893(2002) .

REFERANCE :-
1. S.D.Uttekar, C.R.Nayak , “A review on seismic response of RC building on sloping ground ”
International Journal of Engineering Research , Volume No.5 Issue: Special 3, pp: 701-704 ,
27-28 feb. 2016.
2. Jean – Pierre Bardet and Fang Liu , “ Motions of gently sloping ground during earthquakes ”,
Journal of geophysical research VOL. 114, F02010, doi:10.1029/2008JF001107, 2009 .
3. Mohammad UMAR FAROOQUE Patel ,”A Performance study and seismic evaluation of RC
frame buildings on sloping ground ”, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering
(IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X PP 51-58 , feb . 2018
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resting on sloping ground including infiill subjected to seismic analysis ”, International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017,
e-ISSN: 2395-0056, p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Resting on Sloping Ground with Varying Number of Bays and Hill Slopes ” , International
Journal of Engineering Research & Technology ( IJERT) , ISSN: 2278-0181 , Vol 2 Issue
12,December – 2013
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International Research Journal of modernization in Engineering Technology and science,
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8. K Veera Babu , S Siva Rama Krishna , Venu Malagavelli , “Seismic analysis of Multi storey Building
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Earth and Environmental science, 1130 (2023) 012004, doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1130/1/012004

9. Anjeet Singh Chauhan, Rajin Banerjee , “Seismic response of erregular building on sloping
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(IJARET) International Journal of Advance Research in Engineering and Technology , DOI:
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11. Prasad Ramesh Vaidya , Sandip , “ Seismic Analysis Of Building with shear wall on Sloping
Ground ”, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research , Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp:
(53-60), Month: October 2014 - March 2015

12. Ms. Sunita D. Kamble ,Surekha.A.Bhalchandra ,“ Seismic Performance of the Building Resting on
Sloping Ground With Shear Wall ”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181, Special Issue – 2016

13. Sindhurashmi B. M. , Bhavani Shankar , “Seismic Response of RC Framed Structures Resting on

Sloping Terrain ”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), e-ISSN: 2395-
0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Volume: 05 Issue: 05 | July- 2018

14. Yaseer Alashkar , Sohaib Nazar , Mohammad Ahmed ,“A Comparative Study of Seismic
Strengthening of RC Building by Steel Bracing and Concrete Shear Wall ”, International Journal of
Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp: (24-34),
Month: October 2014 - March 2015

15. Dharanya A, Gayathri S ,Deepika M , “Comparison Study of Shear Wall and Bracings under Seismic
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16. Numesh Sahu ,Swati Agrawal , “ Study and Dynamic Analysis of Sloped Building ”, © January 2021|
IJIRT | Volume 7 Issue 8 | ISSN: 2349-6002

17. D. J. Misal , M. A. Bagade , “ Study of Seismic Behaviour Multi Storied RCC Buildings Resting on
Sloping Ground and Considering Bracing System ”, International Journal of Engineering Research , Volume
No.5 Issue: Special 3, pp: 690-697 , ISSN:2319-6890)(online),2347-5013(print) , 27- 28 feb. 2016

18. Mr. Machhi Piyush ,Varsha Yadav , “ A Review: Seismic Analysis Of Building On Sloping Ground ”,
© 2019 JETIR May 2019, Volume 6, Issue 5

19. Ajit C. Suryawanshi, V. M. Bogar , “ Seismic Analysis of Building Resting on Sloping Ground
with Soil Structure Interaction ”, IRJET , e-ISSN: 2395-0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072 , Volume: 06 Issue: 07 |
July 2019 ,
20. Vrushali S. Kalsait , Dr. Valsson Varghese, “Design of Earthquake Resting Multistoried Building on
Sloping Ground ”, IJISET , Vol. 2 Issue 7, July 2015

21. Prof. Dushyant A. Zamre, Raj S. Yetekar, Rahul G. Pawar, Shubham P. Sonawane, Arshad I. Shaikh
,
“ Parametric Study of Responses of RCC Building on Sloping Ground Using Staadpro ”,
IJRASET , ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor:7.429, Volume 8 Issue XII Dec
2020
Summary of the litrature : -

S.no Topic auther Journal Findings

Year of
publicati
on
1 A Review on Feb 2017 S.D.Uttekar, C.R.Nayak Step back and Step back- Set
Seismic Response Civil Engg.Dept, Vidya back buildings , effect of infill
of RC International Journal of
Pratisthan College of wall , base shear , storey drift
Building on Engineering ,linear & non-linear analysis
Enigineering,Baramati
Research
Sloping
Ground

2 Motions of gently 24April Jean- Pierr e Bardet JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL This study
sloping ground 2009 and Fang Liu RESEARCH, distinguishes the
during
circumstances for which
earthquakes the motions of gently
sloping ground may be
affected by earthquake
shakings and gravity.

3 Research Mohammed UMAR IOSR Spectral displacement (Sd)

A Performance 09 feb FAROOQUE Patel Journal of and Roof
study and seismic 2018 B.L.D.E.A's V.P. Dr displacement (D) is
evaluation of RC P.G.Halakatti decreasing considerably for
frame buildings Mechanical and
College of Civil Engineerin g building models on plain
on sloping ground
Engineering and (IOSR- JMCE) ground as compared to building
Technology www.iosrjournals.org models on
sloping ground. it is found
that the plastic hinges are
more in case of buildings
resting on sloping ground as
compared to buildings resting
on plain ground

4 Soil structure July 2017 Qudsia Bhavikatti 1, International Research Journal of The response parameters such
interaction Swapnil B. Cholekar 2 Engineering and Technology as storey displacement,
effect for (IRJET) fundamental time period and
abuilding axial force values
resting on sloping increases with decrease in
ground including sloping angle.
infiill subjected to
seismic analysis.
 5 Seismic Analysis Dec 2013 Dr. S. A. Halkude1, Mr. M. International Journal of Engineering In the study, two building
of Buildings G. Kalyanshetti2, Mr. V. D. Research & Technology (IJERT) configurations are
Resting on Ingle3 considered namely step
Sloping Ground back frames and step back
with Varying
Number of Bays & set back frames
and Hill Slopes

6 October Ajay K SREERAMA1 Centre for Earthquake . As the slope angle increases, it
2013 and Pradeep K Engineering is observed that the short
International Institute of column resist almost all the storey
RAMANCHARLA2 shear since other
Earthquake Information Technology
behavior of columns are flexible and tend to
reinforced oscillate.
concrete framed
buildings on hill
slopes

7 REVIEW OF Palak Jain*1, Sumit International Research 1. Most of the

PAPERS ON Nov. Pahwa*2 Journal of Modernization in researches recommended as step back
BUILDINGS 2020 Engineering Technology
and Science set back buildings
RESTING ON
SLOPING may be privileged on inclined
GROUND ground.
2. The greater number
of bays is found to be
improved in seismic
condition, as the amount of bays
increases, time period
and top storey displacement
reduce in sloping buildings

8 Seismic analysis K Veera Babu 1, S Siva The analysis's findings,

of Rama Krishna 2, Venu including storey
Multi storey 2022 Malagavelli 3
shear, storey drifts,
Building on
Sloping Ground moments, and displacement, are
and Flat Ground IOP Conference Series: Earth and tabulated and examined.
Environmental Science
by using ETABS
To compare the results of
Story
Drift, Shear force,
bending moment, and
Building
Torsion of regular and
irregular
buildings with 10degree and
20-
degree slope ground structures
with
 9 SEISMIC Publicatio Anjeet Singh Chauhan
RESPONSE OF n at
Integral university
IRREGULAR research
BUILDING ON gate m.tech ,research scholar
May 2021 International Journal of G+10 IRREGULAR
SLOPING Rajiv Banerjee
Advanced Research in BUILDINGS
GROUND Associate professor
Engineering and Technology At different angle 20,30,40,45
Integral university luknow
(IJARET) The comparison between
up
Stepback Bare Frame and
Stepback Bare Frame with Mass
& Diaphragm
Irregularity has been done based
on the dynamic response.

10 Seismic Analysis Article Likhitharadhya Y R1, There are two types of

of June – Praveen J V2, Sanjith configuration of building
Multi-Storey 2016 J3, Ranjith A4 on sloping
Building Resting Uploaded
On ground, the one is step back and
on
Flat Ground and the other is
26 July step back setback. In this study,
Sloping Ground 2018 G+ 10 RCC
building and ground slope 100 to
300 A
International Journal of Innovative comparison has been
Research in Science, Engineering and made with the building resting on
Technology level ground.

11 Seismic Oct 2014 - Prasad Ramesh Vaidya The performance of building has
Analysis of Mar Assistant Professor, been studied with the
Building with 2015, Sandip help of four mathematical
Shear Wall on Available Institute of Engineering models. Model one is of frame
at: and International Journal of Civil and type structural
Sloping Ground
www.rese Management, Nashik, Structural Engineering Research system and other three
archpublis models are of dual type.
India
h.com (shear wall- frame
interaction)
RSA method are used by
SAP2000 . .
displacement, story drift
and maximum forces in columns
has been
presented in this paper.
Comparative type study

Special
12 Seismic Ms.SunitaD.Kamb le. IJERT Seismic Performance,
Performance of the Issue - P.G. Student Dr. Published by, www.ijert.org Shear wall, Critical column,
Building Resting 2016 Surekha.A. Linear time History Analysis.
on Bhalchandra. To study the seismic
Sloping performance of building resting
AssociateProfes sor
on sloping ground without shear
Ground with wall and with shear wall at all
Shear Wall corners and only at the 2 corners
of the long column .
13 Seismic Response of Article · Sindhurashmi B. IJERT - Published by, www.ijert.net step-back building, stepback
RC January M.1, Bhavani Shankar 2 setback building,
equivalent static analysis,
2020 maximum story displacement, time
Framed Structures
period, story drift, story shear.
Resting on Sloping
Terrain

14 Article · Yaseer Alashkar, The addition of new

November Sohaib Nazar , concrete shear wall is more
2014 Mohammad Ahmad oftenly practiced technique
uploaded which has prove to be
by Sohaib
Nazar on International Journal of effective for
20 June Civil and Structural controlling global lateral drifts
A Comparative 2022. Engineering Research and reducing damages in
ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) frame structures.
Study of Seismic
Strengthening of Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp: (24-34),
RC Month: October 2014
-
Buildings by Steel
March 2015, Available at:
Bracings and
www.researchpublish.com
Concrete Shear
walls

15 Comparison Study 2017 Dharanya A1*, International Journal of The base shear of the structure
of Gayathri S2, ChemTech Research CODEN heavily
Shear Wall and Deepika (USA): IJCRGG, increases and makes the
Bracings M3 ISSN: 0974-4290, structure more stable against
under Seismic seismic force.
ISSN(Online):2455-9555
Loading in
Multi- Storey
Residential
Building

16 Study and Dynamic January 2021 Numesh Sahu1, International Journal Of -multistorey building, hill
Analysis of Sloped Swati Innovative Research In slope angle, seismic
Building Agrawal2 Technology response, sloping ground,
response spectrum,
optimum case, setback
case, step-back setback case.

17 Study of Seismic 27-28 feb D. J. Misal, M. International Journal of 8, 10, 12 Storey

Behaviour of 2016 A. Engineering Research AsperIS1893(Part-1)-2002
MultiStoried R.C.C. Bagade Volume No.5 Issue: Special 3, buildings with dual
Buildings Resting pp: 690-697 system consist of shear walls or
on bracing frames
Sloping Ground
and
Considering
Bracing
System

1Mr.
18 May Machhi Piyush 2Varsha Journal of Emerging Step back and Step Back-Set
A Review: Seismic 2019 Yadav Technologies and Innovative back buildings
Analysis Of Building Research (JETIR) , Lateral displacement, more
On Sloping Ground story drift on sloping ground ,
Shear, moment, axial force
19 Seismic Analysis of July Ajit C. Suryawanshi, V. M. International Research Journal of medium and hard soil with and
Building Resting on 2019 Bogar Engineering and Technology without SSI ,
Sloping Ground with (IRJET)
Soil Structure Story displacement , Base shear
Interaction ”, ,story drifts

20 Design of July Vrushali S. Kalsait , International Journal of bracings in soft stories

Earthquake 2015 Dr. Valsson Varghese Innovative Science,
Resistant Engineering & Technology ductility design ,
time period
Multistoried
calculation
Building On A
Sloping Ground

21 Dec. Prof. Dushyant A. Zamre, International Journal for Research Without Setbacks and with
2020 Raj S. Yetekar, Rahul G. in Applied Science & Engineering Setbacks , time period
Parametric Study of , storey drift , Forces ,
Pawar, Shubham P. Technology
Responses of RCC Sonawane, Arshad I. Shaikh Displacement
Building on Sloping
Ground Using Staad.