110

17 Camera
LenseS
Microscope

Lenses
Binoculars
Spectacles
Concave
Convex

Telescope Magnifying Glass

LENSES
2
Q.1 Define Lenses.
Bicon Plano Positive/Bicon- Plano Negative
Concave Meniscus
Answer: vex Convex Meniscus cave
A lens is a transparentmedium bound by two
surfaces out of which at least one surface is
curved.

With neat labelled diagram, name the

Q.2 a
different types oflenses

Answer:

7. Lenses
Science and Technology Part 1
 Teacher Ed-Tech and Publications 111
a 3 Distinguish between Convex lens and a Concave lens.
Answer.

Convex Lens Concave Lens

a It is also called as converging lens.
| ) Itis also called as diverging lens.
) edges.
Lens IS thicker at the centre and thinner at the in Lens is thinner at the centre and thicker ae the

i) The focal length is positive. edges.

iii) The focal length is negative.
iv) It can form real as well as virtual images. iv) It can form virtual images only.
I t can form inverted or erect image. v)It always forms erect image.
vi) It can form smaller, larger of same size image. vi) It forms smaller images only.

Ray Diagram Based on

Convex and Concave Lens

0.4 Draw a figure explaining various terms whose parts form surfaces of the lenses are
related to a lens. called radii of curvatures.
Answer: 3. Principal axis: The imaginary line passing
through the centers of curvature is called
principal axis.
4. Optical Centre (0): The imaginary point on

the lens through which the light ray passes

2
S undeviated is called optical Centre.
R S. Principal Focus (F): The point on the principal
axis where all the incident rays parallel to the
C principal axis actually meet or appear to meet
R2 is called principal focus.
6. Focal length (f): The distance between optical
centre and principal focus is called focal length
of a lens.
b. State the 3 rules for obtaining images
Q.5
using a convex lens
B Answer:
2
. Rule 1: When the incident ray is parallel to
R
the principal axis, the refracted ray passes
C through the principal focus.

of the
1. Centres of curvatures : The centres 2F
spheres whose parts form surfaces of the
lenses are called centres of curvature of the

lens.C, and C, are centre of curvatures.

of curvatures: The radil ofthe spheres
Radii
Science and Technology Part 1 7. Lenses
112 Teacher Ed-Techand Publications
2. Rule 2: When the incident ray passes 2F, for a convex lens.
refracted Answer:
through the principal focus, the axis.
the principal
ray is parallel to

E2F,
2F B
2F

Image Position: At 2F
Nature of Image : Real, Inverted and same size
3. Rule 3: When the incident ray passes
through the optical centre of the lens, it 3. Draw a ray diagram for object
asses withoutchanging its direction. position
between 2F, and F, for a convex lens

Answer:

2F, 2F 2F
2F B F

Q.6 Draw Ray Diagrams Image Position : Beyond 2F,

Draw a ray diagram for object position Nature of Image: Real, Inverted and Larger
1.
beyond 2F, for a convex lens.
4. A ray diagram for object positioned at F,
Answer:
for a convex lens
Answer:

B 2F,

2F F 2F
Image Position: Between F, and 2F,
Nature of Image: Real, Inverted and Smaller
Image Position: Atinfinity
At which position will you keep an object in Nature oflmage: Real, Inverted and very large
front of a convex lens so as to get a real image
same size as that ofthe object ?
Draw a 5. Draw a ray diagram for object positlon at
of the infinlty for a convex lens or convergence
figure. of rays by convex lens
OR
Draw a ray diagram for object position at
7. Lenses
Science and Technology Part1
 113
Teacher Ed-Tech and Publications
A n s w e r :

focus. through the

. the Incident ray passes
When ls
to the
parallel
focus, the refracted ray
princlpal axis.
Q.8. Ray diagrams of Concave lens
at Infinity
1. a ray dlagram for object
Draw
2F 28 Answer:
for a concave lens

Image Position: At F,
Nature of Image: Real, Inverted and very small
Draw a ray dlagram for object placed
between F, and 0 2F
Answer:

ImagePosition: At F
Nature of Image: Virtual, Erect and point image

2. Drawa ray dlagram for object anywhere

between optlcal Centre and inflnity.
Answer:
2F B 2F
Image Position : same aide of lens as object
Nature ofImage : Virtual, erect and Larger
2F
07 State the rules for obtaining images using
Concave lens
Answer:
L When the incident ray is parallel to the| mage Position: Between F,and O
principal axis, the refracted ray when Nature ofImage:Virtual, Erect and smaller
extended backwards, passes through the
09 Distinguish between a Real and a Virtual Image
Answer:

Real Image Virtual Image.

When the refracted rays actually meet, the real ) When the refracted rays actually meet,the
image is formed. real image is formed.

|)Real image can be taken on the screen. 1) Virtual image cannot be taken on the screen.

1I) Real image is always inverted. I11) Virtual Image Is always erect (upright).

The height of real image is negative. fv) The height of virtual image is positive.
) Real images are formed on other slde of theV Virtual images are formed on same slde of the
lens as that of object. lensas that of object.
Scien and Technology Part 1 7. Lenses
114 Teacher Ed-Tech and Publications

Cartesian sign Convention and Formula of lenses

the left are taken to be negative.

910 With a neat labeled diagram state the
Cartesian sign convention for lens. 3. Distances perpendicular to the principal a
axls
TTb. pg. no 84 and 85) and above it are taken to be positive.
Answer: 4. Distances perpendicular to the principal avie
Direction of incident ray and below it are taken to be negative.
Height above The focal length of a convex lens is positive
5 while that of a concave lens is negative.
ve
Principal axis x N

Q.11 Define and State the formula.

- -ve
2F, F 2F 1. Lens Formula : The formula showing tho
relation between distance of the object (u)
the distance of the image (V) and the focal
Height below
length (f) is called the lens formula.

Distance on the left Distance on the right Itis given by *7

of the origin (-ve) of the origin (+ve)) Q.12 Solve the following:
Use the following ray diagrams and tips for
solving the numericals.
Direction of incident ray

Height above
+ve

Principal axis x

2F, F F 2F
Height below
-ve

Distance on the left Distance on the right

of the origin (-ve) of the origin (+ve)

According to the Cartesian sign convention,

the optical centre (0) is taken to be the origin.
The principle axis is the X-axisis the frame of
reference. The sign conventionisas follows. Tips:
1. If
The object is always placed on the left of the h, is negative, then image is Real and
Inverted.
lens, All distances parallel to the principal axis
are measured from the optical centre (0).
2 Ifh, is positive, then image is Virtual and Erect.
3. h, greater thanh, image is diminished.
2. The distanced measured to the right of 0 are
4. h, smaller than h,, image is magnified.
taken to be positive while those measured to

Science and Technology Part 1

7. Lenses
 115
vis positive then image is on otherTeocher Ed-Tech and Publications
side of lens.
vis negative then image is on
same side
fis+ve,itis of lens
convex lens, corrects Hypermetropla
or Farsightedness.
1. fis-ve, it is concave lens, corrects 15-60
Near Sightedness. Myopia or 900
-45
Convex Concave 900
Lens Lens
Object distance
Focal length
Negative| Negative
Positive Negative v-20 cm
Height of image Negative/ Positive The image of the object Is formed
at a
Positive distance of 20 cm on the same slde of
the
Image distance
NegativerNegative lens.
An object is placed of 10 cm
at a distance
from a convex lens of focal length 12
cm.

NUMERICAL Answer:
Find the position and nature of the image.

Type Given Object distance (u)=-10 cm

Focal length (f) = 12 cm

Tofind Image Position (v)=?

Lens formula: Nature of image = ?

V= image distance

| u= object distance
f focal length
Formula

Solution
f

Q13 Solve the following numerical

An object is placed at a distance of 15 cm 1.1
from a convex lens. If the focal length of the
lens is 60 cm, find the image distance.

Answer:
Given: Object distance (u) =-15 cm
Focal length (f)= 60 cm 12 10
To find: Image distance (v) = ?
10-12
12 x10
Formula: y uf
-2
v12x10
Solution v
-1
v 60
1 V-60 cm.s
T h e image is formed ata distance of 60cm
1 on the same slde of the lens, It is a virtual
60 -15) and erect image.

Science and Technology Part 1 7. Lenses

116 Teocher Ed-Tech and Publications
lens gives a image (v) from the lens.
An object kept 60 cm from a
virtual image 20 cm in front of the lens. Distan ceofthe image
What is the focal length of the lens? Is it a
coverging lens or diverging lens?
Magnificationpistanceof theobjecteM-1
M=

Answer:
Given Object distance (u) =-60 cm Magnification (M)=
Image distance (v) = -20 cm

To find Focal length (f)=?

NUMERICAL
Formulae: T
Type
I OK
Solution : 7 - .u

Lensformula:
v=image distance
1.1 u= object distance
f focal length
60+20
20 x60
Magnífication formula:
M magnificatíon
40
h,= height of image
20x60 M h, = height of object

Q15 Solve the following numerical

f-30 cm
1) An object 6 cm tall is placed in front of a
f-30cm, Since, fis-ve, convex lens at a distance of 18 cm. If the
Lens s concave Le. diverging len5. image is formed at a distance of 9 cm on
the other side of lens, find the height of the
1 4 Define: Magnification ( M) image.
Or Answer.
What is magnification? Write its formula. Gfven: Height of the object (h,) = 6 cm
Or Distance ofthe object (u)=-18 cm
What is the relatíon between h, h, u and Distance of the Image (V) =9 cm
vUse your brain power 1 Tb. Pg. no.85) To find Height of the image (h,) = ?
Answer
The magnification due to a lens is the ratio of Formula: M =;
the heigt of the image (h) to the height of the
ohject (h)
Solution: h, =-
Helghtof theimageLeM 9x 6
MagntficatonHelghtof the object h h,188
The magnification due to a lens is also related
to the dístance of the object (u) and that of the
h2
Scsence ors Techrodogy Part 1 7. Lenses
 117
h , - 3cm Teacher Ed-Tech and Publications
helght of the M-1 same
The
image is 3 cm
and it is the image
are of the
inverted.
ne object and and Inverted.
size. Image Is real
AH object is
placed vertically at ata
is placed
d i s t a n c e of
20 cn from a convex
lens. If the hce
a
distance 3.
c m high object offocal length
the object is 5cm froma converginglens
5 cm
and the focal height position,
size and
cm, Determine the
10 cm, what
will be the length of T0
the lens
type of the image
size and
ture
of the
image? position,
How much
bigger will the
image be as comparered to Answer:
5 cm
Height of the object (h,)
=
the object?
Glven
A n s w e r :
Focal length (f) = 10 cm
Given:
Height of the object (h,) 5 =
Distance ofthe object (u)= -25
cm

Focal length (f) 10 =

cm
To find: Image distance (v) =?
cm
Distance of the object Height of the image (h)
? =

To find: Image distance (v) =?(u)= -20 cm

Height of the image Formula:
Magnification (M) =(h)
?
? Solution
Formulae:

Solution:
1
10 25

25-10
250

- 10+20

v 20x10 250
3 50
50
V=
=16.666
200 V 3
V 16.7 cm
V20 cm

50
h, x

h , =20 x 5 50x 5
-20
3 x3 x 25 3 - 3.333
ha-5 cm
h =-3.3 cmn
V 20
cM = -1 Position of image = 16.7 cm
u -20 Size of the image = 3.3 cm
Science and Technology Part 1
7. Lensees
118 Teacher fd-Tech oned Publications Power of lens (P) = ?
Nature of Image ls Real and Inverted. To find
(2.16 Power of lenst P). State its units, Formula : Pt(m
1
Answer
The capacity of a lens to converge or diverge 1
Incldent rays Is called Its power (P). Solution Pf(m)
PFCm)
The unlt
P2
of the power of a lens Is Dioptre (D) P 5D
0.17 Vocal 1.ength of Combination of Lenses Power of lens Is 5 diloptre.
Answeri
If two lenses with focal Doctor has prescribed a lens having power
lengths f, and f +1.5D. What will be the focal length of the
are kept In contact with cach other, the
Comblnatlon has an effectlve focal length lens? What is the type of the lens and what
must be the defect of vision?7
glven by
Answer:
Glven :Powerof lens (P) =1.5 D
To find Focal length () =?

Q.18 Power of Combination of Lenses Formula : (m)

Answer
The powar of the comblned lens is
equal to
the sum of thelr Indlvidual powers, Solutlon : Pf(m)
P P,+P

NUMERICAL
TypeIlI 10

Power of Lens f - 15
f = 0.67 m
P-Fm) Dloptre P+ Slnce fls +ve, lens used Is convex, f= 0.67 m
The defect is Hypermetropla.(farsightedness)
Learn thls points
Calculate the focal length of corrective
1) Focal length is measured in meters
lens
a

and power in dioptre. having power+2.5 D.

2) Power of a convex lens Is positlve Answer:
and concave lens is negatlve. Glven Power of lens (P) 2.5 D
To find : Focal
length () ?
=

Q 19 Solve the following numerical Formula: P=-

f (m)
The focal length ofa convex lens is 20 cm.
Solutlon: P -dioptre
What is the power?
Answer:
Glven Focal length (f)=20 cm 4 m
f
100
0.2 m f 2.5
Science and Technology Part 1 7. Lenses
118
TeacherEd-Tech and Publications:Power of lens (P)
Nature of image is Real and To find
=7
inverted
1
Q.16 Power of lens( P). State its
Answer: units. Formula : Pf(m)

The capacity of a lens to

converge or diverge
1
incident rays is called its power
(P). Solution:P f(m)
1
P
The unit of the
power of a lens is Dioptre (D) P 5D
Q.17 Focal Length of Power of lens is 5 dioptre.
Answer:
Combination of Lenses
Doctor has prescribed a lens having power
If two lenses with
focal lengths f, and f +1.5D. What will be the focal length of th
are kept in
contact with each other, the lens? What is the type of thellens and what
combination has an effective focal length vision?
given by must be the defect of

Answer:
:Power of lens (P) = 1.5 D
Given
:Focal length () = ?
To find
1
Q-18 Power of Combination of Lenses Formula : P=-
f (m)
AnswerT
The power of the combined lens is 1
the sum of their individual
equal to
Solution: P=-f(m)
powers.
P=P,+Pz
f
NUMERICAL f 1.5
Type lII
10

Power of Lens 15
f- 0.67 m
P Fm
Dioptre P P+P Since fis +ve, lens used is convex, f= 0.67 m

The defectis Hypermetropia.(farsightedness)

Learn this points
3. Calculate the focal length of. a corrective
1) Focal length is measured in meterTS
lens having power+2.5 D.
and power in dioptre.
2) Power ofa convex lens is positive Answer:
and concave lens is negative. Given P o w e r of lens (P) = 2.5 D

To find : Focal length () = ?

Formula: P=-
Q19 Solve the following numerical. f (m)
1
1. The focal length of a convex lens is 20 cm. Solution: P dioptre
What is the power?
Answer:
Given :Focal length (f) = 20 cm = 4 m
NE 100
0.2 m
Science and Technology Part 1 7. Lenses
 Teacher Ed-Tech and Publications
119
1x 10
f =
Additional Sums for Practice
2.5 x 10 from
10 W h e r e should an object be placed
.2 converging lens of
focal length
10

f25 5 a
cm, so as to obtain a virtual image of

f=0.4 m magnification 27 (Ans:5 cm)

placed at a
The focal length of the lens Is 0.4 m.
2. A 2cm high candle flame Is
screen.
distance of 80cm from a white
the
Three lenses having
power 2, 2.5 and 1.7 On placing a convex lens exactly at
an
D are kept touching in
a row. What is
the midpoint of the candle and the screen,
total power of the lens combination? flame is s e e n on the screen.
Image of the
Whatis the focal length of the lens and the
Answer:
slze of the candle flame image formed?
Glven : P, = 2 DD
(Ans:f+20cm, h,=2cm)
P 2.5 D
3. An objectis 2m away from the lens, which
P 1.7 D forms
size
image o n e fourth the
an erect
To find :Ptotal E? of the object. Determine the focal length
Formula of the lens. What type of lens is this 7
:PtotalP, +P2+ P (Ans:f=-1.5 m)
Solutlon :PutalP+P2+P,
length of a corrective
Calculate the focal
PEoOtal2+ 2.5+1.7 lens having power+2.5 D. (Ans:f=04 m)
Ptotal6.2 D 5. If four lenses of power +2.SD, -1.5D, +4D,
-0.5D are placed one after the other, find
Total Power of combinatlon is 6.2 D.
the combined power of the lens.
(Ans: 4.5D)

N
Human Eye and Eye defects

Q,20 Define. work on this principle

1. Power Of Accommodation
Q.21 Draw a neat labeled diagram of Human Eye
Answer: and explain the function of the following.
The capacity of the lens tochange its focal a) Cornea b).Pupilc) Retina c) Optic Nerve
length as per need is called its power of Answer:
accommodation.
Cllary Museles
2. Minimum Distance Of Distinct Vision muscles

Answer: rl
The minimum distance of an object from
a normal eye, at which it is clearly visible Pupil Opte
nerve
stress on the eye, is called as
minimum Crystallin
lens
without
distance of distinct vision. Optle
dise
Cornea

3Persistence of Vision Sclerotic

coat
Retina
Answer: retina Choroid
The sensatlon of the image lasts on the
the image
fof1/16th of a second even after Cornea refracts the maximum amount
eye) This effect is calleda) ornea:
vanished
Is thé from
and TV
of entering incident light inside the eye.
of vision, Motion pictures
Cpersiatence 7. Lenses
Science and Technology Part
 120 Teacher Ed-Tech and Publications
b) Pupil: The pupil controls the amount oflight . Causes OfMyopia
entering the eye. a. The curvature of the cornea and th
c) Retina: It is a lightsensitive screen with cells lens increases he eye
which get excited when light falls on them b. The eyeball that the
and generates electric signals. elongatessuch
between the lens and the retina
distan
increases
)Optic Nerve: Electrical signals from retina are k Myopia defect can be corrected by sesuat
conveyed to the brain through optic nerve.
spectacles with concave lensof proper ISing
foea
length.
Q.22 What is the function of iris and the
muscles connected to the lens in human 2 4 Explain Hypermetropia with a neat
eye? labeled diagram.
Answer: Or
) An iris in human eye imparts colour to the What is Hypermetropia.
human eye. ii. State its causes.
iii. How do we correct Hypermetropia?
ii) The muscles connected to the lens in the
human eye adjust the focal length of eye lens. Answer:

9.23 Explain Myopia with a neat labeled

diagram.
Or
iWhat is Myopia.
ii. State its causes.
j.How do we correct Myopia? Faraway objects can be seen clearly
Answer:

Hypermetropic eye
Nearby objects can be seen clearly
Convex lens

-
Myopic eye Correction of Farsightedness

Concave lens i.
In Hypermetropia the human eye can se
distant objects clearly but cannot see nearby
objects distinctly.
ii. Causes Of Hypermetropia
a. The curvature of the cornea and the eye
lens decreases.
b. Due to the flattening of the eye ball
Correction of Nearsightedness the distance between the lens and retina
decreases.
i.
In Myopia the eye can see nearby objects
clearly but the distant objects appear
Hypermetropla_defect can-be corrected
using spectacles withcconvex lens of proper
focal length.
indistinct
Science and Technology Part 1 7. Lense
 121
Teacher
Ed-Tech and Publications
Q,25 pistinguish between Farsightedness and Nearsightedness
AnSwer:

Nearsightedness /Myopla Farsightedness /Hypermetropla

n The curvature of the cornea and the eye lensn The curvature of the cornea anu
increases.

decreases
m Eyeball Elongates.
lun Image of the nearby object falls on the retina. Eyeball
) Image ofFlattens.
the nearby object falls in front of

Imageof the faraway object theretina.

falls behind the v ) tmage of the faraway object fallis O the
retina.
retina
Myopia detect can be corrected by usinglv)
Hypermetropia defect can
belens
cor of
spectacles with concave lens of
proper focal using spectacles with convex proper
length.
focal length.
0.26 Write a short note on presbyopia. the
The Apparent size of an object depends on
Answer: anglesubtended by the object at the eye.
The focusing power of the eye lens decreases . Small objects subtend small angles with the
with age. eye hence are not clear.
The muscles near the lens lose their ability to 111. Ifthey are brought closer, the angle subtended
change the focal length of the lens. increases and they become clear.
The near point of the lens shifts farther from
the eye. Because of this old people cannot see One can sense colors only in bright light.
nearby objects clearly. perceive different colours?
OR How do we
Presbyopia can be corrected by using spectacle (Can You Tell? T.b. Pg. No.91)
of convex lens of suitable focal length. Answer:
Sometimespeoplesufferfrom nearsightedness 1The light sensitive screen of the eye called
as well as farsightedness. In sucha case bifocal retina has two types of light sensitive cells.
lenses are required to correct the defect.
il. Rod cells are concerned with intensity of light
v In bifocal lenses, the upper part is concave
and Cone cells are concerned with colour
lens and corrects nearsightedness while the
lower part is a convex lens which corrects the
perception.
ifi. Cone cells get activated only in bright light and
farsightedness. remain inactive in dim or no light.
Q.27 Give scientific reason.
A pencil kept at a distance of 25 cm
iv. Hence, One can sense colors only in bright
1.
light.
appears bigger as compared to mountain
at a distance of 10 kms.
Answer:
4. We cannot clearly see an object kept at a
distance less than 25 cm from the eye.
L The size of an object depends on the angle it Answer
subtends with an eye. For a normal human eye 25 cm is the minimum
1 A pencil which is closer subtends a larger distance of the distinct vision.
angle than a mountain which is far away. 11. The minimum distance at which an object is
Hence,a pencíl kept at a distance of 25 cm placed from the normal eye so that it can be
appears bigger as compared to mountain at a seen clearly without giving
any strain on the
distance of 10 kms. eye is called the minimum distance of the
distinct vision.
2. We have to a small object near the
eyes in orderbring
to see it clearly. Give Reason.the object is placed at a distance less than
25 cm, cililary muscles are unable to
Answer: adjust the
lens, there is a strain on the eye and it cannot
Science and Technology Part 1 7. Lenses
122 Teacher Ed-Tech and Publications
be seen clearly. Answer

iv. Hence an object should be placed at 25 cm or

more to have a clear and sharp image of it on
the retina Object

5. Sometimes a person suffers fron both

nearsightedness as well as farsightedness
or
Objectivé . . .
Old people use bifocal glasses. lens Eyepiece
Answer:
Sometimes peoplesuffer from nearsightedness Image
as well as farsightedness
L In such a case bifocal lenses are required to A compound microscope is made of tw
correct the defect. convex lenses: objective and eye piece
lil. In such lenses, the upper part is concave The objective has smaller cross-section and
lens and corrects nearsightedness while the smaller focal length. The eye piece has bigger
lower part is a convex lens which corrects the cross-section, and larger focal length.
farsightedness. Both the lenses are fitted in a metallic tube on
iv. Hence, old people sometimes use bifocal the same axis.
glasses. iv. The magnification occurs in two stages. The
Q.28 State any four applications of Concave lens. image formed by the first lens acts as the
Answer: object for the second lens.
. Medical equipments: Scanner, CD player Higher magnification can be obtained by the
L. The peep hole in door
combined effect of the two lenses.
ill Spectacles, Torch Q.32 Explain the working of an astronomical
telescope using refraction of light.
iv. Camera,telescope and microscope
Answer:
Q.29 Draw a neat labeled diagram of simple
Microscope.
Answer
Refer to ray diagram Q6-6.

Q.30 Simple microscope is used for watch

repairs. Give scientific reason.
Answer
i Simple microscope acts like a magnifying
glass. Eyepiece
i When an object is placed within the focal Objective lens
length of a convex lens we get a virtual, erect
Astronomical telescope consists of an objective
and magnified image on the same side of the lens which has a larger focal length and large
lens.
This principle is used by the watch repairer to diameter and an eye-piece lens which has
jli. smaller focal length and smaller diameter
see the small parts more clearly.
ii. Objective and eye piece lens are fitted ina
iv Hence, watchmakers use a magnifying glass
metallic tube on a common axes such that
while repairing wristwatches. distance between the two can be adjusted
iii. The image of a distant object formed by
Q.31 With a neat labeled diagram explain the objective lens acts as an object for the
working of Compound Microscope piece which forms the final image.

7. Lensel
Science and Technology Part1
 Teacher Ed-Tech and 123
Publications
Latest Board Exam O
(APplication, Pattern Question
HOTS, Diagram
Based)
0 Complete the ray díagram (B)
for a
concave
lens.

B 2F 2F

Which ray diagram gives a larger image

b. State the nature of the image formed then object?
the concave lens. in
b. Complete the ray diagram in (B).
Give any one example of C. State the nature of image formed in ray
C.
concave lens.
application of a
diagram (B).
Answer: d. Define Optical centre.
Answer:
Ray Diagram - A
a
Refer to Q6 (1)
C Real, Inverted and diminished.
d. The imaginary point on the lens through
whlch the light ray passes undeviated is
called optical Centre.

Q.3 Observe the diagram and answer the

following questions.

b. Virtual, Erect and Small Image

C. Spectacle or peephole of a door.

0.2 Observe diagrams and answer: (A)

(A)

F 2
2F, BF (B)

(C)
7. Lenses

Cience and Technology Part*T

124 Teacher Ed-Tech and Publications
a. Name the defect shown in figure (A). cirde.
b. Give two reasons for this defect.
In which figure is the defect corrected, in
2. When a cardboard with a cage
one side and a bird on the other
drawn.
C.
figure (B) or (C)? Side is tied to a thread and twisted, we
Answer: the illusion of bird inside the cage.
a. Myopia 3. When the fan starts rotating faster, a cirt
b. Causes Of Myopia can be observed.
i) The curvature of the cornea and the eye 4. During Diwali if we rotate a sparkler
lens increases. the direction of circle, we see an illusion
ii) Due to the Elongation of the eye ball of a circle made of fire
the distance between the lens and retina Answer:
increases. The concept is Persistence Of Vision.
C.
Figure (B) Q.6 Complete the paragraph with the help o
Q.4 Observe the and given options:
following diagram (concave, bifocal, far, increases, near, muscles,
answer the questions:
decreases, convex)
Generally, the focusing power of the eye lens
1. with age. The 2.. near the lens
lose their ability to change the focal length
of the lens. The 3. point of the lens shifs
farther from the eye. Because ofthis old people
cannot see nearby objects clearly. Sometimes
people suffer from nearsightedness as well
a. Name the eye defect shown in the diagram.
as farsightedness. In such a case 4.
b. State two reasons why this defect is
caused.
lenses are required to correct the defect. In
such lensès, the upper part is 5. lens and
C. Name the lens that can be used to correct
the defect. corrects nearsightedness while the lower
d. Draw a diagram showing correction of
part is a 6.- lens which corrects the
defect in above diagram. farsightedness.
Answer:
Answer:
1. decreases 2. muscles
a.
Hypermetropia 3. near 4. bifocal
b. Causes of Hypermetropia
5. concave 6. convex
1) The curvature of the cornea and the eye
lens decreases.
2) Due to the flattening of the eye ball 7 Rahul is 25 T old and wears a spectacle
having a power of +2 D. Answer the
the distance between the lens and retina
decreases. following questions:
C. Hypermetropia defect can be corrected by Name the eyereasons
State two
defect he has.
why this defect is
using spectacles with convex lens.
caused?
d.

.
Compute theisfocal length of his lens.
to correct the
Which
defect?
lens used by Rahul

Answer.
a Hypermetropia.
D. i. Curvature of the cornea and the eye
le
decreases so that, the converging power of e
lens becómes less.
the concept from the statements
Q.5 Identify
below and define the concept.
. Due to the flattening of the eye ba
the distance between the lens and retina
1. If take an incense stick in hand and
we decreases.
we s e e a redlc.
rotate it faster along a circle, P + 2D

and Technology Part1 7. Lenses

Science
 125
f7 Teacher Ed-Tech and Publications caused?
b. Why is this defect
f 1/P= 1/2 =0.5 m his lens.
C. Compute focal length of
the
Focal length =0,5 metre Answer..
Convex lens.
a. Presbyopla. their ability
b. 1. The muscles the lens lose
near
lens.
0.8 Draw a scientifically correct labelled
to change the focal length of the
diagram of a human eye and answer the shifts further than
2. The near point of the lens
questioms based on it: the eye.
Name the type of lens in the human eye. P + 3D, f= 1/P 1/3
= 0.33 m

Name the screen at which the maximum 0.33 m

Focal length
=

amount of incident light is refracted7 answer the

Observe the figure and
State the nature of the image formed of Q.11
C following questions:
the object on the screen inside the eye.
(Board Exam March 2020)
Answer:

Cllary Museles
muscles

Irl
Pupll Optle
Crystalln nerve
lens
Optle
Cornea disc Identify the diagram.
b. Complete the diagram
Sclerotie
above device.
coat
Retina
C. Explain the working of the
Chorold
Answer:
a. Compound Microscope
Double convex transparent crystalline lens Refer Compound Microscope Answer of Q.31
b.
b. Cornea
C. Refer Compound Microscope Answer of Q.31
The image formed on the retina is real and
C.
and answer the
inverted. Q.12 Observe the figure
following questions:
Ramesh is 16 yr old and wears a spectacle
having a power of -2D. Answer the
(A) Screen
following questions: Convex lens
Candle
a. Name his eye defect.
two reasons why this defect is
b. State
caused?
his lens.
C Compute the focal length of
Answer.
Myopia. 2F, 2F
and the eye lens
1. The curvature ofthe cornea
of the
increases, so that the converging power
lens remains large.
(B) Screen
so that the distance
2. The eyeball elongates Convex lens
between the lens and the retina
increases. Candle
C P=-2D, f 1/-2 = -0.5 m
1/P
Focal length = -0.5 m

defect at the age

an eye
Q.10 Avnit developed
of 65 yrs and had to
wear lens of power
questions:
a 2F 2F
+3D. Answer the following
a. Namethee eyedefect. 7. Lensees
Science and Technology Part 1
 O
Teacher Ed-Tech and Publications
Which of the above diagram will give a respond differently to red, green and
real and same size colours. When red colour falls on the e blue
b. image? red light get ev
Where should we place the candle to get a the cells responding to
smaller image. more than those responding to other col
sensation of red colour s
C Describe the nature and and we get the
position of the cells responding to cert
image formed in screen A? people lack conical
d. What is the nature of colours. These persons cannot
image formed if a gnize
concave lens is used instead of a those colours or cannot distinguish betwe ween
lens? convex different colours. These persons are said
Answer be colour blind. Apart from not being abla
distinguish between different colours, the
a
b.
DiagramB their
Candle should be placed beyond eye sight is
normal.
smaller image.
2F, get a Where is the image of an object formed i
C. Nature of the image is Real, the human eye?
Inverted and What is the nature of the image formed in
Larger. Position of image is beyond 2F,
d. Virtual, Erect and a smaller image is obtained the human eye?
if a concave lens is used instead of a convex c.
C. What will happen if people lack conica
lens. cells of certain colours?
Q.13 Read the given pasage and answer the d. hich organ transfers the electrica
following questions: signals to the brain?
The retina in our eyes is made up of many e. Deficiency of which cells results in night
light sensitive cells. These cells are shaped blindness?
like a rod and like a Answer:
cone. The rod like cells
respond to the intensity of light, and give a. The image is formed on theretina.
information about the brightness or dimness| D. The image formed in the human eye is real
of the object to the brain. The conical cells and inverted.
respond to the colour and give information If people lack conical cells of certain colours
about the colour of the object to the brain.
Brain processes all the information received
then they cannot recognize thosecolours or
cannot distinguish between' different colours
and we see the actual and are called as colour blind.
image of the object.
Rod like cells respond to faint light also but | d. The optic nerve transfers the electrical
conical cells do not. Thus we
signals
perceive colours to the brain.
only in bright light. The conical cells can e. Deficiency of rod cells results in night
blindness.
Q.14 Complete the following table.
Sr. No. Position of the object Position of the image Size of the image Nature of the image
1 At infinity
Point image Real and inverted
2 Beyond 2F, Between F, and 2F Smaller B.
At 2F, At 2F
Real and inverted
4 D.
Beyond 2F, Larger Real and inverted
5 At focus F E.
Very large Real and inverted
6 Between F, and O On the same side of
Very large .
the lens as the object
Answer:
A. At focus F,» B. Real and inverted,
C. Same size,
D. Between F, and 2F, E. At infinity,
F. Virtual and erect

Science and Technology Part 1

7.Lense
 Teacher Ed-Tech and Publications 127
is paraller
Fora Convex lens,iftheincidentray
refracted ray
to the principle axis, then the
OBJECTIVES passes through the
A) Centre B) Pole
D) Principal focus
C) Optical center
of the
10. The Image is formed on the
1 Choose the correct alternative from the
human eye.
options: B) Retina
A) Cornea
If the incident ray passes D) Ciliary muscle

the refracted ray is

through focus, then 11.
c)Pupil
If an object is placed between F, and 2F, of a
to the principal
axis. formed
convex lens, then nature of the image
A)Parallel B) opposite is
C) perpendicular D) intersecting A) Real and inverted
B) Real and diminished
If an object is placed at F, of a convex lens, C) Virtual, erect
then nature of the image formed is. D) Virtual, inverted
A) Real and inverted can be seen
12. In myopia objects
B) Real and diminished
C) Virtual, erect clearly.
A) distant B) nearby
D) Virtual, inverted C) small D) big
3. To obtain an image of the same size as the 13. Long-sightedness can be
corrected by
object with the help of a convex lens, the using lens.
object should be placed. A) cylindrical B) concave
A) at infinity B) beyond F C) diverging D) converging
c) between F, and 2F, D) at 2F, light is concerned
14. The perception of dim
At what distance should a watchmaker hold with -cells.

his lens from the watch? A) Rod B) Cone

A) At the focal length C) Amoeboid D) Squanmous
B) At less than focal length
The impression ofan image lasts on the
retina
15.
C) At m o r e than the focal length for 1/6th of a _econd, is called.
D) At zero distance
lens with power A) dispersion
5. The focal length of a concave
B) refraction
4 D is
B) 0.5 m C) persistence of vision
A)-0.5 m D) Internal reflection
C)-0.25 m D) 0.25 m

6, For the normal eye, the

near point is at 16. Thesecond focal pointis located at
M a r c h 2020)
of a human eye
(Board Exam A) Retina B) Optic nerve
B) 20 cmm
A) 10 cmn
D) 30 cmn
C) Cornea D) Pupil
C) 25 m 17. Inside water, an air bubble behaves
towards us travels from
7 Star light coming and
A) like a flat plate
to denser medium B) like a concave lens
rarer medium.
the normal, This
bends towards C) like a convex lens
Constantly
makes the star D) like a concave mirror
A) appear to be higher Answer
B) appear to be lower
(1) (A), (2) (A). (3) (D), (4) (B), (5) (C), (6))
C) Brighter (C), (7) CA), (8) (C), (9) (D), (10) (B), (11)
D) invisíble (A), (12) (B), (13) (D), (14) (A. (15) (C).
radiation to
which our
8. The wavelength of
(16) (A), (17)(B)
is between
eyesa r e sensitlve 300 nm
B) 200 to 600nm
A) 100 to 200 nm, D) 400 to
C) 400 and 700
nm
7. Lenses
ienre ond Technelogy Part 1
128 Teacher Ed-Tech and Publications 06 Match the Column Teacher Ed-Tech and Publicotions 129
whether following statement is object is at the focus, a very large, real and
Q.2 State inverted image will be formed at infinity.
"Wrong' and correct the wrong
'Right' or
3. Convex lens: Convex or converging lens is
statement.
used to correct the Farsightedness. Column A
A lens is an opaque object.
10° is the measure of nano
meter scale. 1. Farsightedness Column B Colamn C
2. Myopia can be corrected by using spectacle
a 4.
5. Negative power: The power of concave lens
a.
Nearby object can be seen
of concave lens. 2. Presbyopia b. Far away
clearly L Bifocal lens

3. Hypermetropia can be corrected by using a

is negative as the power depends on focal object can be seen clearly i. Concave lens
spectacle of convex lens. length. 3.Nearsightedness c. Problem of old age
Cone cells are sensitive to colour. ii. Convex lens
Cornea gives colour to the eye
is concerned with
.

7. For an object which is faraway, lens of the Answer.(1-b-ifn, (2 -c-1), (c-a-in

The perception of colours
cone cells.
eye becomes flat.
Refractive defect in eye cause blurred vision. 2.
. Auditory nerve takes the impulse from eye to 8.
brain.
Column A Column B
Find the odd one
out
and give reason 1. Microscope a. lo observe celestial objects Column A Column B
Impression ofan image lasts on the
retina for
7 Cornea, iris, pupil, cerebrum.
1/10 th ofa second. b. Watch repairer
1. Microscope a. Prism
Spectacle, microscope, torch, camera. 2. Telescope
Thefocal length of a convex lens is positive. Long-sightedness,myopia, short sightedness,
8.
9 In the compound microscope, two concave
.
3. Simple C. correction of eye defects 2.Telescope b. To observe distance objects
near sightedness.
lenses are used. Microscope 3.Presbyopia c.Observation of plants and
Presbyopia, night blindness,myopia,
10. Lack of conical cells are responsible for color
hypermetropia.
d. To observe tissue animal cells
blindness. 4. Dispersion d. nearby objects cannot be
5. F,F2,2F,0 Answer. 1-d),(2-a), (3-b) seen clearly
11. Both the surfaces of most lenses are partofa Answer. of light
circle. Cerebrum: it is a part of brain while others
Answer. (1-),(2-b).(3-d),(4-a)
Answer: are the parts of human eye.
(1) Wrong A lens is a transparent object2. Torch: Concave lens is used in it while in Column A ColumnB
(2) Right (3)Right (4)Wrong- The function others mainly convex lens is used 1. Persistence of vision a. 2.4cm
of cornea is to refract the light. (5) Right3
(6)Wrong-Optic nerve takes the impulse
Long-sightedness: corrected by convex
it is
2. Distance of distinct vision
lens while others are corrected by concave b. of a second
from eye to brain. (7)Wrong-Impression
of an image lasts on the retina for 1/16
lens. 6
Night blindness: it is a deficiency disease 3. Diameter of Eye ball C. 2cm
of a second. (8)Right (9)Wrong In the
compound microscope, two convex lenses while others are eye defects.
are used. (10)Right (11)Wrong- Both the
Light ray passing through rest points get 4. Focal length of healthy d. 25cm
refracted whereas through 0,it doesn't. eye lens
surfaces of most lenses are part of a sphere Q.5 Name the following: Answer. (1 b), (2-d),3-1),4-c)
Complete the correlation: 1. Focal length of a healthy eye in relaxed
Convex lens: Converging :: Concave lens: position.
Object at 2F,: Image at 2F, Object at F, 2 . These cells are responsiblefor the perception
Myopia: Concave lens :: Farsightedness_ of colours.
micro meter:103: 3. The power of convex lens is 0.5D. Hence, its
nano meterT focal length is
5. Convex lens : Positive power Concave
lens: The image of the object at principal focus is
Rod cells: Sensitive to dim light : Cone formed at
6 5. The image formed is always virtual for this
cells:
lens.
.
Object nearby:lens become rounded: Object The tendency of pupil to adjust the opening
5.
faraway
8. Lack of conical cells: color blind viston: for light.
7. The diameter of human eyeball.
refractive defects
Answer.
of eye: Answer:
Diverging: Light rays parallel to the principal 1.25cm 2. cones
axis appear to be diverging from principal .2m 4. Behind the lens
focus in concave lens. 5. Concave Lens 6. Adaptation
2. Image at infinity: In convex lens when the 7.2.4 cm
7. Lenses
Science and Technology Part 1 Lenses Science and Technology Part