Disaster Readiness
and Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Disasters and Its Effects
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Disasters and Its Effects
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Rodgem A. Barairo
Josefina M. Fabra
Editors: Cristeta M. Arcos
Anne Marielle R. Del Mundo
Vanessa R. Ambas
Reviewers: Richard Brian L. Tutor
Illustrator: Leumel M. Cadapan
Ronan DC Vergara
Layout Artist: Leumel M. Cadapan
Maria Elinor F. Hemedes
Management Team:
Wilfredo E. Cabral
Job S. Zape Jr.
Eugenio S. Adrao
Elaine T. Balaogan
Rosemarie D. Torres
Ernesto D. Lindo
Dolorosa S. De Castro
Cristeta M. Arcos
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON
Office Address: Gate 2, Karangalan Village 1900, Cainta, Rizal
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address:
[email protected]/
[email protected] Disaster Readiness
and Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Disasters and Its Effects
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction for Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Disaster and Its Effects!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the
K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in
the body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks
included in the module.
1
For the learner:
Welcome to the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction for Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Disaster and Its Effects!
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is
often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may
learn, create, and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource
signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully
achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time.
Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or
Know competencies you are expected to
learn in the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims
to check what you already know about
the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you
link the current lesson with the
previous one.
2
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion
of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for
independent practice to solidify your
understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which
will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate
your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge
or skill of the lesson learned. This also
tends retention of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in
the module.
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At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful
learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies.
You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the lesson on Disaster and Its Effects. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students and
the lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook that you are now using.
The module consists one lesson, namely:
Effects of disasters on one’s life.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Identify the effects of disasters to human and to the society.
2. Determine ways to lessen the impact of a disaster.
3. Cite personal values that can help one overcome the effects of
disasters.
4. Help the community in reducing the effects of Natural and Human-
made disasters.
5
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
a. Congenital Condition
b. Neonatal Condition
c. Pre-existing Condition
d. Psychological Condition
2. What is the collective term used for the condition of people who
develop stress reaction that negatively affect their physical and
mental behavior after suffering from a disaster?
a. Displaced population
b. Emotional aftershock
c. Food scarcity
d. Health Risks
3. What do you call the effect of a disaster that causes a group of
people forced to leave their homes?
a. Displaced population
b. Emotional aftershock
c. Food scarcity
d. Health Risks
4. Which among the following is NOT an effect of a disaster?
a. Displaced population
b. Diverse population
c. Food scarcity
d. Health Risks
5. What effect of disaster refers to the shortage of sustenance among
people?
a. Displaced population
b. Emotional aftershock
c. Food scarcity
d. Health Risks
6
6. What is the term used referring to damaging incident that happened
unexpectedly in a certain society and caused harm to people and
their properties?
a. Disaster
b. Hazard
c. Politicking
d. Terrorism
7. COVID19 has caused millions of diseased people and thousands of
deaths all over the world. How are you going to name the damaging
event?
a. Disaster
b. Hazard
c. Politicking
d. Terrorism
8. How are you going to call a dangerous condition that carries human
threat?
a. Disaster
b. Hazard
c. Politicking
d. Terrorism
9. A strong typhoon hit an uninhabited area in the mountainous Sierra
Madre region. What are you going to name the damaging event?
a. Disaster
b. Hazard
c. Politicking
d. Terrorism
10. What is it that disasters bring to humans?
a. Devastation
b. Excitement
c. Fame
d. Power
11. In a situation that you know you and your family are on a disaster
risk area, how could you reduce the impact of a disaster that may
come in your life?
a. Avoid the crowd
b. Build good relationships among neighbors
c. Get the right mindset and preparation
d. Watch news to be informed
7
12. Why should people need to plan and be ready for the possible
consequences of a disaster?
a. To make advance preparations
b. To show one’s capabilities
c. To reduce the possible effects
d. To be an example to others
13. Which should be the right attitude in dealing the effects of a
disaster?
a. be mindful of others
b. be a leader for others
c. be positive in dealing with it
d. be grateful on what the government could provide
14. Which of the following characteristics will help a person to recover
quickly after a disaster?
a. Being happy and hopeful
b. Being prayerful and friendly
c. Being wise and cooperative
d. Being resourceful and determined
15. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease
caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a serious acute respiratory
syndrome. This was first detected in Wuhan, China in December
2019 and then spread around the globe, triggering a continuing
pandemic SITUATION. How can the Philippine win against disasters
like COVID19?
a. continues the quarantine protocols
b. maintains a clean environment at all time
c. follows health guidelines and safety measures
d. allows the government to decide for the people
8
Lesso
Effects of Disasters on
n
one’s Life
1
A natural disaster can bring about many devastating effects.
Among these are deaths, destruction of infrastructures, loss of livelihood
and services, and other physical and nonphysical effects. Since we are
partly responsible for the disasters happening around us, we must change
some of our ways, in order to prevent or minimize the effects of disasters
in our lives.
What’s In
Think of five (5) disasters that you had experienced, watched, or read in
the past two years. Then, write how you feel while experiencing, watching,
or reading it.
Calamity/Disaster Your Feeling
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
9
What’s New
Below are some illustrations depicting expressions about COVID 19
pandemic. Read them silently and try to figure out by answering the
questions on the next page.
10
11
What troubling situations reminded you of the scenarios? Share the
feelings and opinions that you had related to the situations as shown in
the illustrations.
(Write your thoughts and ideas below)
What is It
A disaster is a damaging event that occurs suddenly
and involves loss of life and property. It can be of two types, natural and
Natural disasters can destroy a whole community in an instant.
Examples of natural disasters are volcanic eruptions, tsunamis,
earthquakes, and typhoons which are destructive to people's lives.
Man-made disasters on the other hand are caused by human
beings. Some of the man-made disasters are bomb explosions, terrorism,
wars, leakage of poisonous chemicals, pollutions, industrial accidents, and
epidemics. They are identified as man- made disasters because they
happen due to human actions and not by natural forces.
What is the difference between hazard and disaster?
A hazard is a dangerous situation or event that carries a threat to
humans. A disaster is an event that harms humans and disrupts the
operations of society. Hazards can only be considered disasters once it
affected humans. If a disaster happened in an unpopulated area, it is still
a hazard.
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The Human Effect of Natural Disasters
1. Displaced Populations
One of the most immediate effects of natural disasters is population
displacement. When countries are ravaged by earthquakes or other
powerful forces of nature, many people need to abandon their homes
and seek shelter in other regions. A large influx of refugees can disrupt
accessibility of health care and education, as well as food supplies and
clean water.
2. Health Risks
Aside from the obvious immediate danger that natural disasters
present, the secondary effect can be just as damaging. Severe flooding
can result in stagnant water that allows breeding of waterborne
bacteria and malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Without emergency relief
from international aid organizations and others, death tolls can rise
even after the immediate danger has passed.
3. Food Scarcity
The aftermath of natural disasters affects the food supplies. Thousands
of people around the world are hungry because of destroyed crops and
loss of agricultural supplies, whether it happens suddenly in a storm or
gradually in a drought. As a result, food prices rise reducing families’
purchasing power and increasing the risk of severe malnutrition or
worse. The impacts of hunger following an earthquake, typhoon or
hurricane can be tremendous, causing lifelong damage to children’s
development.
4. Emotional Aftershocks
Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children.
Confronted with scenes of destruction and the deaths of friends and
loved ones, many children develop post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), a serious psychological condition resulting from extreme
trauma. Left untreated, children suffering from PTSD can be prone to
lasting psychological damage and emotional distress.
‘The Devastating Impact on Natural Disasters’, ChildFund, last modified May 30, 2020,
https://www.childfund.org/Content/NewsDetail/2147489272/
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Great damage caused by a disaster can be reduced if everyone will take
responsibility in anticipating its effects. Here are some ways on how to
plan ahead of a disaster:
1. Check for hazards at home.
2. Identify safe place indoors and outdoors
3. Educate yourself and family members
4. Have Disaster kits/supplies on hand.
5. Develop an emergency communication plan.
6. Help your community get ready.
7. Practice the Disaster Preparedness Cycle
plan
Evaluate
Organize and Equip
Exercise Plan
Train
What’s More
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Consider yourself to be a friend to the following people. Given their
situations and the fact that they are suffering from the effects of a
previous disaster, what tips, advices or empowering words can you give
them to help them recover?
1. Dale Marc is a 16 years old student. He, together with his family, is
currently staying in a basketball court which serves as the evacuation
center for affected families who lost their homes due to the eruption of
Taal Volcano. He decided to stop schooling and instead find a job to be
able to help his parents for their basic needs.
I would tell him ….
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Anna is a teacher at Bagong Pag-asa Integrated School. She used to be
a mom of two beautiful kids. She lost them after their community was hit
by a super typhoon submerging and washing away homes and properties.
It is noticeably clear to her memory how her two children tried to hold on
to her hands tightly. But their hands slipped and were swept by the flood
and drowned. She feels very helpless and at some point, thinks to end
her own life.
I would tell her….
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Your mother was infected by the COVID19 and recommended to undergo
home quarantine. One day, you saw your youngest brother coughing and losing
his appetite. You are sure that he is showing symptoms of the virus that he
might have gotten from your mother.
What will you do?
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__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
What I Have Learned
Knowing that a disaster disturbs the usual pattern of life and can cause both
physical and emotional harm among people, how would you ensure that you are
prepared to face the possible effects of ANY disaster that you may encounter in
life?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
What I Can Do
Suppose you have watched a true-to-life story featured on a television. On your
journal, compose a letter addressed to Ate Charing (a TV program host). Your
letter should narrate how the main character/s in the story inspired you with
everything that he/she went through and the process on how he/she survived
over the challenges of the disaster that he/she had experienced. Make sure that
emphasis will be given on the disaster effects to the life of the main character.
Your output will be graded according to this rubric.
4 3 2 1
Story/ The story The story is on The story is The story is
Content adheres to the topic but the on topic and neither on topic
theme/topic substance is the nor has
satisfactory. substance is
16
fair. substance.
The story is
Ideas and
very well Some
Clear scenes seem to
organized, transitions
Chain of transitions are be randomly
and scenes are not clear
events used in most arranged and
follow a and hard to
scenes. improvement is
logical follow.
needed.
sequence.
Most readers
Readers could The reader It is difficult to
would have
describe the knows a little tell the actual
Characters clear idea on
characters about the role of the
the role of the
accurately. characters. characters.
characters.
***derived from google/teacherspayteachers.com
–
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
a. Congenital Condition
b. Neonatal Condition
c. Pre-existing Condition
d. Psychological Condition
2. What is the collective term used for the condition of people who
develop stress reaction that negatively affect their physical and
mental behavior after suffering from a disaster?
a. Displaced population
b. Emotional aftershock
c. Food scarcity
d. Health Risks
3. What do you call the effect of a disaster that causes a group of
people forced to leave their homes?
a. Displaced population
17
b. Emotional aftershock
c. Food scarcity
d. Health Risks
4. Which among the following is NOT an effect of a disaster?
a. Displaced population
b. Diverse population
c. Food scarcity
d. Health Risks
5. What effect of disaster refers to the shortage of sustenance among
people?
a. Displaced population
b. Emotional aftershock
c. Food scarcity
d. Health Risks
6. What is the term used referring to damaging incident that happened
unexpectedly in a certain society and caused harm to people and
their properties?
a. Disaster
b. Hazard
c. Politicking
d. Terrorism
7. COVID19 has caused millions of diseased people and thousands of
deaths all over the world. How are you going to name the damaging
event?
a. Disaster
b. Hazard
c. Politicking
d. Terrorism
8. How are you going to call a dangerous condition that carries human
threat?
a. Disaster
b. Hazard
c. Politicking
d. Terrorism
9. A strong typhoon hit an uninhabited area in the mountainous Sierra
Madre region. What are you going to name the damaging event?
a. Disaster
b. Hazard
18
c. Politicking
d. Terrorism
10. What is it that disasters bring to humans?
a. Devastation
b. Excitement
c. Fame
d. Power
11. In a situation that you know you and your family are on a disaster
risk area, how could you reduce the impact of a disaster that may
come in your life?
a. Avoid the crowd
b. Build good relationships among neighbors
c. Get the right mindset and preparation
d. Watch news to be informed
12. Why should people need to plan and be ready for the possible
consequences of a disaster?
a. To make advance preparations
b. To show one’s capabilities
c. To reduce the possible effects
d. To be an example to others
13. Which should be the right attitude in dealing the effects of a
disaster?
a. be mindful of other
b. be a leader for others
c. be positive in dealing with it
d. be grateful on what the government could provide
14. Which of the following characteristics will help a person to recover
quickly after a disaster?
a. Being happy and hopeful
b. Being prayerful and friendly
c. Being wise and cooperative
d. Being resourceful and determined
15. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease
caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a serious acute respiratory
syndrome. This was first detected in Wuhan, China in December
2019 and then spread around the globe, triggering a continuing
19
pandemic SITUATION. How can the Philippine win against disasters
like COVID19?
a. continues the quarantine protocols
b. maintains a clean environment at all time
c. follows health guidelines and safety measures
d. allows the government to decide for the people
Additional Activities
Read the quotation below. Then, write your agreement or disagreement to the
message that it conveys.
“Disasters gave me two things:
a moment to REACT and
a decision to OVERCOME.”
Michael Dooley
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
______
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Answer Key
Other Activities:
Assessment What I Know ***require varied
1. D 1. D answers
2. B 2. B
3. A 3. A
4. B 4. B
5. C 5. C
6. A 6. A
7. A 7. A
8. B 8. B
9. B 9. B
10.A 10.A
11.C 11.C
12.C 12.C
13.C 13.C
14.C 14.C
15.C 15.C
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References
“What is a disaster?”, The International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Crescent,2020,https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-
management/about-disasters/what-is-a-disaster/
“The Devastating Impact of Natural Disasters”, Childfund, February
6,2013, https://www.childfund.org/Content/NewsDetail/2147489272/
The Devastating Impact on Natural Disasters’, ChildFund, last modified
May 30, 2020,
https://www.childfund.org/Content/NewsDetail/2147489272/
Mahar, Patrick, et.al.’ “Disasters and their Effects on the Population: Key
Concepts“,
https://www.aap.org/en-us/Documents/disasters_dpac_PEDsModule1.pdf
Dooley, Michael, Quotes About Disaster Relief,
https://www.quotemaster.org/disaster+relief
Choudhary, Richa, “Important Short Notes on Disaster Management”, Eck
School, Eckovation Padhte Chalo, Badhte Chalo, MAY 29, 2017,
https://school.eckovation.com/disaster-management-short-notes/
Castro, Ryan, “Disaster Risk Reduction and Management”, Slideshare,
November 19, 2013, https://www.slideshare.net/irpex/disaster-risk-
reduction-and-management-28415360
“How to Prepare for an Earthquake”, California Academy for Sciences,
https://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/how-to-prepare-for-an-
earthquake
22
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
