5

CHAPTER

ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSION
Chapter Objectives
This chapter will help you to understand :
¾¾ Arithmetic Progression (AP) : Definition of AP; nth term of an AP; Finite AP; Infinite AP; Sum of first n terms of AP.

Quick Review
™™ Definition of AP : An AP is a list of numbers in
which each term is obtained by adding a fixed num- TIPS…
ber to the preceding term except the first term. The If a term tn is given that it is a term of an AP, t1, t2,
fixed number is called as common difference. It can
t3, ... etc, then n must be a natural number.
be positive, negative or zero. Study the difference between finite AP and
infinite AP.
™™ nth Term of an AP : If the first term of an AP is a and
the common difference is d, then nth term of the AP
is tn = a + ( n − 1) d .
™™ Finite AP : A finite AP has finite number of terms TRICKS…
and it has a last term. The sum of nth term from the beginning and nth term
™™ Infinite AP : An infinite AP has infinite number of from the last of a finite AP is constant
terms and it has no last term. If three terms are in AP, then take the terms as
™™ Sum of First n terms : If the first term of an AP is a (a – d), a, (a + d).
and the common difference is d, then the sum of nth If four terms are in AP, then take the terms as
n (a – 3d), (a – d), (a + d), (a + 3d)
term of the AP is Sn =  2a + ( n − 1) d  .
2

Multiple Choice Questions/True or False (1 marks each)

Q. 1. In an AP, if d = –4, n = 7, an = 4, then a is Q. 3. The list of numbers – 10, – 6, – 2, 2,…… is

(a) 6 (b) 7 (a) an AP with d = – 16
(c) 20 (d) 28 (b) an AP with d = 4
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 1, Page 45] (c) an AP with d = – 4
Ans. Correct option : (d) (d) not an AP [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 3, Page 45]
Explanation : In the given AP, d = –4, n = 7, an = 4 Ans. Correct option : (b)
an = a + ( n − 1) d ⇒ 4 = a + ( 7 − 1)( −4 ) ⇒ a = 28 Explanation : In the given numbers
– 10, – 6, – 2, 2,…
Q. 2. In an AP, if a = 3.5, d = 0, n = 101, then an will be
(a) 0 (b) 3.5
( −6 ) − ( −10 ) = 4
(c) 103.5 (d) 104.5 ( −2 ) − ( −6 ) = 4
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 2, Page 45] 2 − ( −2 ) = 4
Ans. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : In the given AP, a = 3.5, d = 0, n = 101 Since, ( −6 ) − ( −10 ) = ( −2 ) − ( −6 ) = 2 − ( −2 ) = 4 , thus,

an = a + ( n − 1) d ⇒ an = 3.5 + (101 − 1) 0 ⇒ an = 3.5 the given numbers are in AP with d = 4.

 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION | 51
5 5 Thus,
Q. 4. The 11th term of the AP : −5, − , 0, ,... is
2 2 tn = a + ( n − 1) d
(a) –20 (b) 20 ⇒ 210 = 21 + ( n − 1) 21
(c) –30 (d) 30
⇒ n = 10
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 4, Page 45]
Q. 9. If the common difference of an AP is 5, then what
Ans. Correct option : (b)
is a18 – a13?
Explanation : In the given AP
(a) 5 (b) 20
a = –5, d = − 5 − ( −5 ) = 5 , n = 11 (c) 25 (d) 30
2 2  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 9, Page 46]
5
tn = a + ( n − 1) d ⇒ t11 = −5 + (11 − 1)   ⇒ t11 = 20 Ans. Correct option : (c)
2 Explanation : In the given AP, d = 5 Thus,
Q. 5. The first four terms of an AP, whose first term is a18 − a13 = a + 17d − a − 12d = 5d = 25
–2 and the common difference is –2, are Q. 10. What is the common difference of an AP in which
(a) – 2, 0, 2, 4 (b) – 2, 4, – 8, 16 a18 – a14 = 32?
(c) – 2, – 4, – 6, – 8 (d) – 2, – 4, – 8, –16 (a) 8 (b) – 8
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 5, Page 45] (c) – 4 (d) 4
Ans. Correct option : (c)  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 10, Page 46]
Explanation : In the given AP, a = –2, d = –2, Ans. Correct option : (a)
tn = a + (n − 1) d Explanation : In the given AP, a18 – a14 = 32
Thus,
t1 = ( −2) + (1 − 1) ( −2) = −2
a18 − a14 = 32
t2 = ( −2) + ( 2 − 1) ( −2) = −4 ⇒ a + 17d − a − 13d = 32
t3 = ( −2) + (3 − 1) ( −2) = −6 ⇒ 4d = 32
t4 = ( −2) + ( 4 − 1) ( −2) = −8 ⇒ d =8
Q. 6. The 21st term of the AP whose first two terms are Q. 11. Two APs have the same common difference. The
–3 and 4 is first term of one of these is –1 and that of the other
(a) 17 (b) 137 is – 8. Then the difference between their 4th terms
(c) 143 (d) –143 is
(a) –1 (b) – 8
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 6, Page 46]
(c) 7 (d) –9
Ans. Correct option : (b)  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 11, Page 46]
Explanation : In the given AP, t1 = –3 and t2 = 4 Ans. Correct option : (c)
⇒ d = t2 − t1 = 4 − ( −3) = 7 Explanation : Let a1 and a2 be the first terms of the
tn = a + ( n − 1) d two APs with the same common difference.
Since a1 = –1 and a2 = –8,
⇒ t21 = ( −3) + ( 21 − 1)( 7 ) = 137
t4 − t '4 = ( −1 + 3d ) − ( −8 + 3d ) = 7
Q. 7. If the 2nd term of an AP is 13 and the 5th term is Q. 12. If 7 times the 7th term of an AP is equal to 11 times
25, what is its 7th term? its 11th term, then its 18th term will be
(a) 30 (b) 33 (a) 7 (b) 11
(c) 37 (d) 38 (c) 18 (d) 0
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 7, Page 46]  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 12, Page 46]
Ans. Correct option : (b) Ans. Correct option : (d)
Explanation : In the given AP, t2 = 13 and t5 = 25 Explanation : According to question,
a + d = 13 7t7 = 117tt711= 11t11
a + 4d = 25 ⇒ ⇒ 7 ( a + 76(da) += 611
d () a=+11
10( ad )+ 10d )
Solving these equations, we get a = 9 and d = 4 4ad +=68
⇒ ⇒ 4a + 68 0d=0
Thus,
⇒ ⇒ 4 ( a + 417( ad +
) =170d ) = 0
tn = a + ( n − 1) d
⇒ t7 = 9 + ( 7 − 1) 4 = 33
⇒ ⇒ ( a + 17( ad +) =170d ) = 0
⇒ ⇒ t18 = 0t18 = 0
Q. 8. Which term of the AP : 21, 42, 63, 84,... is 210?
(a) 9th (b) 10th Q. 13. The 4th term from the end of the AP : –11, –8, –5,...,
(c) 11th (d) 12th 49 is
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 8, Page 46] (a) 37 (b) 40
(c) 43 (d) 58
Ans. Correct option : (b)
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 13, Page 46]
Explanation : In the given AP, a = 21, d = 42 – 21 = 21,
Ans. Correct option : (b)
and tn = 210
52 | Oswaal NCERT Exemplar Problems – Solutions, mathematics, Class-X

Explanation : In the given AP, the last term l = 49 n

and common difference d = –8 + 11 = 3 Sn =  2a + ( n − 1) d 
2
4th term from last is t4 = 49 − ( 4 − 1) × 3 = 40
16
Q. 14. The famous mathematician associated with ⇒ S16 =  2 × 10 + (16 − 1) × ( −4)
finding the sum of the first 100 natural numbers is 2
(a) Pythagoras (b) Newton = −320
(c) Gauss (d) Euclid Q. 17. In an AP if a = 1, an = 20 and Sn = 399, then n is
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 14, Page 46] (a) 19 (b) 21
Ans. Correct option : (c) (c) 38 (d) 42
Explanation : The famous mathematician  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 17, Page 47]
associated with finding the sum of the first 100 Ans. Correct option : (c)
natural numbers is Gauss. Explanation : In the given AP, a = 1, a n = 20 and
Q. 15. If the first term of an AP is –5 and the common S n = 399
difference is 2, then the sum of the first 6 terms is an = a + ( n − 1) d
(a) 0 (b) 5 ⇒ 20 = 1 + ( n − 1) d
(c) 6 (d) 15
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 15, Page 46] ⇒ ( n − 1) d = 19
Ans. Correct option : (a) n
Sn = 2a + ( n − 1) d 
Explanation : In the given AP, a = –5 and d = 2 2
Thus, n
n ⇒ 399 = [ 2 + 19]
Sn =  2a + ( n − 1) d  2
2 ⇒ n = 38
6 Q. 18. The sum of first five multiples of 3 is
⇒ S6 =  2 × ( −5) + ( 6 − 1) × 2
2 (a) 45 (b) 55
=0 (c) 65 (d) 75
Q. 16. The sum of first 16 terms of the AP : 10, 6, 2,... is  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 18, Page 47]
(a) –320 (b) 320 Ans. Correct option : (a)
(c) –352 (d) –400 Explanation : In the given AP, a = 3 , d = 3 and n = 5
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.1, Q. 16, Page 47] Thus,
Ans. Correct option : (a) n
Sn =  2a + ( n − 1) d 
Explanation : In the given AP, a = 10, d = 6 – 10 = –4 2
Thus, 5
⇒ S5 =  2 × 3 + ( 5 − 1) × 3 = 45
2

Very Short Answer Type Questions (2 marks each)

Q. 1. Is –1, –1, –1, –1, ... form an AP? Justify your answer. Ans. Given terms : 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3 ............
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 1(i), Page 49] Here,
Ans. Given terms : – 1, – 1, – 1, – 1 ..........
Here, a2 − a1 = 1 − 1 = 0
a2 – a1 = – 1 + 1 = 0 a3 − a2 = 2 − 1 = 1
a3 – a2 = – 1 + 1 = 0 a4 − a3 = 2 − 2 = 0
a4 – a3 = – 1 + 1 = 0 ⇒ a2 − a1 ≠ a3 − a2 ≠ a4 − a3 [1]
Þ d = a 2 – a1 = a 3 – a2 = a 4 – a 3 = 0 [1]
Since, common difference in consecutive terms is
Since, common difference in consecutive terms is
not same. Hence,the given terms do not make an
same. Hence, the given terms form an AP. [1]
AP. [1]
Q. 2. Is 0, 2, 0, 2, ... form an AP? Justify your answer.
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 1(ii), Page 49] Q. 4. Is 11, 22, 33, ...form an AP? Justify your answer.
Ans. Given terms : 0, 2, 0, 2, ...........  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 1(iv), Page 49]
Here, Ans. Given terms : 11, 22, 33, ............
a2 − a1 = 2 − 0 = 2 Here,
a3 − a2 = 0 − 2 = −2 a2 − a1 = 22 − 11 = 11
a4 − a3 = 2 − 0 = 2 a3 − a2 = 33 − 22 = 11
⇒ a2 − a1 ≠ a3 − a2 ≠ a4 − a3 [1]
a4 − a3 = 44 − 33 = 11
Since, common difference in consecutive terms is not ⇒ d = a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = a4 − a3 = 11 [1]
same. Hence, the given terms do not form an AP.[1]
Q. 3. Is 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, ... form an AP? Justify your answer. Since, common difference in consecutive terms is
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 1(iii), Page 49] same. Hence, the given terms form an AP. [1]
 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION | 53
1 1 1 Ans. In the given AP, a = –3 and d = –7 + 3 = –4
Q. 5. Is , , ,... form an AP? Justify your answer. Since an = a + ( n − 1) d [1]
2 3 4
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 1(v), Page 49] Thus,
a30 − a20 = ( a + 29d ) − ( a + 19d ) = 10d = −40 [1]
1 1 1
Ans. Given terms : , , ....... Q. 10. Is 0 a term of the AP : 31, 28, 25, ...? Justify your
2 3 4
answer. [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 5, Page 49]
Here, Ans. In the given AP : a = 31 and d = 28 – 31 = –3
1 1 1
a2 − a1 = − =− Let tn = 0, then
3 2 6 31 + ( n − 1)( −3) = 0
1 1 1
a3 − a2 = − = − 34
4 3 12 ⇒ n= [1]
1 1 1 3
a4 − a3 = − = − Here, n is not a natural number. Thus, 0 is not a
5 4 20
term of the given AP. [1]
⇒ a2 − a1 ≠ a3 − a2 ≠ a4 − a3 [1]
Q. 11. The taxi fare after each km, when the fare is `15
Since, common difference in consecutive terms is not for the first km and `8 for each additional km,
same. Hence, the given terms do not form an AP. [1] does not form an AP as the total fare (in Rs) after
Q. 6. Is 2, 22 , 23 , 24 ,... form an AP? Justify your answer. each km is 15, 8, 8, 8, ... Is the statement true? Give
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 1(vi), Page 49] reasons. [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 6, Page 49]
Given term : 2, 22, 23, 24 ........ Ans. The given numbers are 15, 8, 8, 8, ...
Here, Here,
a2 − a1 = 8 − 15 = −7
a2 − a1 = 4 − 2 = 2
a3 − a2 = 8 − 8 = 0
a3 − a2 = 8 − 4 = 4
a4 − a3 = 8 − 8 = 0
a4 − a3 = 16 − 8 = 8
⇒ a2 − a1 ≠ a3 − a2 = a4 − a3 [1]
⇒ a2 − a1 ≠ a3 − a2 ≠ a4 − a3 [1]
Since, common difference in consecutive terms is Here, the common difference in consecutive terms
not same. Hence, the given terms do not form an is not same.
Therefore the given statement is true as given list
AP. [1] of numbers do not form AP. [1]
Q. 7. Is 3, 12, 27, 48,... form an AP? Justify your Q. 12. The fee charged from a student every month by a
answer.[NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 1(vii), Page 49] school for the whole session, when the monthly
Ans. Given terms : 3 , 12 , 27 , 48 .......... fee is `400. Do the list of numbers involved form
Here, an AP? [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 7(i), Page 49]
a2 − a1 = 12 − 3 = 2 3 − 3 = 3 Ans. Fee for the 1st month is a1 = `400
Fee for the 2nd month is a2 = `400
a3 − a2 = 27 − 12 = 3 3 − 2 3 = 3
Fee for the 3rd month is a3 = `400
a4 − a3 = 48 − 27 = 4 3 − 3 3 = 3 Fee for the 4th month is a4 = `400 [1]
⇒ d = a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = a4 − a3 = 3 [1] Here,
a2 − a1 = 400 − 400 = 0
Since, common difference in consecutive terms is
same. Hence, the given terms form an AP. [1] a3 − a2 = 400 − 400 = 0
3 5 a4 − a3 = 400 − 400 = 0
Q. 8. Justify whether it is true to say that −1, − , − 2, ,...
forms an AP as a – a = a – a . 2 2 ⇒ a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = a4 − a3 = 0 [1]
2 1 3 2
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 2, Page 49] Here, the common difference consecutive terms is
3 3 same.
Ans. Given terms : −1, − , − 2 , ......... Therefore, the list of numbers involved make an
2 2
arithmetic progression.
Here,
3 1 Q. 13. The fee charged every month by a school from
a2 − a1 = − − ( −1) = − Classes I to XII, when the monthly fee for Class I
2 2
 3 1 is `250, and it increases by `50 for the next higher
a3 − a2 = −2 −  −  = − class. Do the list of numbers involved form an AP?
 2  2
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 7(ii), Page 50]
5 9
a4 − a3 = − ( −2 ) = Ans. Fee for the 1st Class, a1 = `250
2 2
⇒ a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 ≠ a4 − a3 [2] Fee for the 2nd Class, a2 = `250 + `50
= `300
Since, common difference in consecutive terms is
not same. Hence, the given terms do not form an Fee for the 3rd Class, a4 = `300 + `50
AP. = `350
Q. 9. For the AP : –3, –7, –11, ..., can we find directly Fee for the 4th Class is a 5 = `350 + `50
a30 – a20 without actually finding a30 and a20 ? Give = `400 [1]
reasons for your answer. Here,
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 3, Page 49]
54 | Oswaal NCERT Exemplar Problems – Solutions, mathematics, Class-X

a2 − a1 = 300 − 250 = 50 Q. 17. Match the APs given in column A with suitable
a3 − a2 = 350 − 300 = 50 common differences given in column B.
a4 − a3 = 400 − 350 = 50 Column A Column B
⇒ a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = a4 − a3 = 50 [1] B1 2
A1 2, – 2, – 6, – 10,...
Here, the common difference in consecutive terms 3
is same. A2 a = –18, n = 10, an = 0 B2 –5
Therefore, the list of numbers involved form an
A3 a = 0, a10 = 6 B3 4
arithmetic progression.
Q. 14. The amount of money in the account of Varun at A4 a2 = 13, a4 =3 B4 –4
the end of every year, when `1000 is deposited at B5 2
simple interest of 10% per annum. Do the lists of
B6 1
numbers involved form an AP?
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 7(iii), Page 50] 2
1000 × 10 × 1 B7 5
Ans. Since, SI = = ` 100
100  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 1, Page 51]
Ans. For A1, d = –2 – 2 = –4. Thus, A1 → B4 [½]
Amount at the end of 1st year, a1 = `1,000
For A2, 0 = −18 + (10 − 1) d ⇒ d = 2. Thus, A2 → B5 [½]
Amount at the end of 2nd year, a2 = `1,000 + `100
6 2
= `1,100 For A3, 6 = 0 + (10 − 1) d ⇒ d =
= . Thus, A3 → B1 [½]
Amount at the end of 3rd year, a3 = `1,100 + `100 9 3
= `1,200 For A4, a2 = a + d = 13 and a4 = a + 3d = 3 ⇒ d = −5.
Amount at the end of 4th year, a2 = `1,200 + `100
Thus, A4 → B2 [½]
= `1,300 [1]
1 1 3
Here, Q. 18. Verify that 0, , , , ... is an AP, and then
a2 − a1 = 1100 − 1000 = 100 4 2 4
write its next three terms.
a3 − a2 = 1200 − 1100 = 100
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 2(i), Page 52]
a4 − a3 = 1300 − 1200 = 100 1 1 3
⇒ a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = a4 − a3 = 100 [1] Ans. Given terms : 0 , , , ......
4 2 4
Here, the common difference in consecutive terms Here,
is same. 1 1
a2 − a1 = − 0 =
Therefore, the list of numbers involved make an 4 4
arithmetic progression. 1 1 1
a3 − a2 = − =
Q. 15. The number of bacteria in a certain food item after 2 4 4
each second, when they double in every second. 3 1 1
Do the lists of numbers involved form an AP? a4 − a3 = − =
4 2 4
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 7(iv), Page 50] 1
⇒ d = a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = a4 − a3 = [1]
Ans. Let the number of bacteria initially, a1 = x. 4
After 1 sec, the number of bacteria initially, a2 = 2x Since, consecutive terms have same common
After 2 sec, the number of bacteria initially, a3 = 4x difference. Hence, the given terms form an AP and
After 3 sec, the number of bacteria initially, a4 = 8x whose three terms are
After 4 sec, the number of bacteria initially is a5 = 16x 3 1
a5 = + = 1
[1] 4 4
Since, 1 5
a6 = 1 + =
a2 − a1 = 2x − x = x 4 4
a3 − a2 = 4x − 2x = 2x 5 1 3
a7 = + = [1]
a4 − a3 = 8x − 4x = 4x 4 4 2
⇒ a2 − a1 ≠ a3 − a2 ≠ a4 − a3 14 13
[1] Q. 19. Verify that 5, , , 4, ... is an AP, and then
3 3
Here, the common difference in consecutive terms
is not same. write its next three terms.
Therefore, the list of numbers involved does not  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 2(ii), Page 52]
make an arithmetic progression. 14 13
Ans. Given terms : 5, , , 4 ......
Q. 16. Justify whether it is true to say that the (2n – 3) is 3 3
the nth terms of an AP Here,
. [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 8, Page 50] 14 1
a2 − a1 = − 5 = −
Ans. In an AP, the nth term is tn = an + b, a linear form of 3 3
n.[1] 13 14 1
a3 − a2 = − = −
Here, the given nth term is (2n – 3) which is linear 3 3 3
form so the given nth term is of an AP. [1] 13 1
a4 − a3 = 4 − = −
3 3
1
⇒ d = a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = a4 − a3 = −
3
 14 1
a2 − a1 = −5= −
3 3
13 14 1 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION | 55
a3 − a2 = − = −
3 3 3
13 1 Since, consecutive terms have same common
a4 − a3 = 4 − = − difference. Hence, the given terms make an AP
3 3
whose next three terms are
1 [1]
⇒ d = a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = a4 − a3 = − a4 = ( 4a + 3) + ( a + 1) = 5a + 4
3
Since, common difference in between consecutive a5 = ( 5a + 4 ) + ( a + 1) = 6a + 5
terms is same. Hence, the given terms form an AP a6 = ( 6a + 5 ) + ( a + 1) = 7 a + 6 [1]
whose next three terms are 1
1 11 Q. 23. Write the first three terms of the AP when a =
a5 = 4 − = 1 2
3 3 and d = − .
6
11 1 10
a6 = − =  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 3(i), Page 52]
3 3 3 1 1
10 1 9 Ans. In the given AP : a = and d = − .
a7 = − = = 3 [1] 2 6
3 3 3
Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , thus [1]
Q. 20. Verify that 3, 2 3, 3 3, ... is an AP, and then 1
t1 = a =
write its next three terms. 2
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 2(iii), Page 52] 1 1 1 [1]
t2 = a + d = − =
2 6 3
Ans. Given terms : 3 , 2 3 , 3 3 ,.........
1 1 1
t3 = a + 2d = − =
a2 − a1 = 2 3 − 3 = 3 2 3 6
a3 − a2 = 3 3 − 2 3 = 3 Q. 24. Write the first three terms of the APs when a = −5
and d = −3.
a4 − a3 = 4 3 − 3 3 = 3  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 3(ii), Page 52]
⇒ d = a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = a4 − a3 = [1] Ans. In the given AP : a = −5 and d = −3 .
Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , thus
Since, given consecutive terms have same common
difference. Hence, the given terms form an AP t1 = a = −5
  [1]
whose next three terms are t2 = a + d = −5 − 3 = −8
a4 = 3 3 + 3 = 4 3 t3 = a + 2d = −5 − 6 = −11 [1]
a5 = 4 3 + 3 = 5 3 Q. 25. Write the first three terms of the APs when a = 2
1
a6 = 5 3 + 3 = 6 3 [1] and d = .
2
Q. 21. Verify that a + b, (a + 1) + b, (a + 1) + (b + 1), … is  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 3(iii), Page 52]
an AP, and then write its next three terms. 1
Ans. In the given AP : a = 2 and d = .
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 2(iv), Page 52] 2
Ans. Here Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , thus
a2 − a1 = {( a + 1) + b} − {a + b} = 1
t1 = a = 2
a3 − a2 = {( a + 1) + ( b + 1)} − {( a + 1) + b} = 1 1 3
t2 = a + d = 2 + = [1]
⇒ d = a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = 1 [1] 2 2
Since, given consecutive terms have same common 2 4
t3 = a + 2d = 2 + = [1]
difference. Hence, the given terms form an AP 2 2
whose next three terms are Q. 26. Determine k so that k2 + 4k + 8, 2k2 + 3k + 6,
a4 = {( a + 1) + ( b + 1)} + 1 = ( a + 2 ) + ( b + 1) 3k2 + 4k + 4 are three consecutive terms of an AP.
a5 = {( a + 2 ) + ( b + 1)} + 1 = ( a + 2 ) + ( b + 2 )  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 11, Page 53]
Ans. Since, t1 = k2 + 4k + 8, t2 = 2k2 + 3k + 6, t3 = 3k2 +
a6 = {( a + 2 ) + ( b + 2 )} + 1 = ( a + 3) + ( b + 2 ) [1] 4k + 4 are in AP, we have
Q. 22. Verify that a, 2a + 1, 3a + 2, 4a + 3, … is an AP, 2t2 = t1 + t3
and then write its next three terms. ( ) ( ) (
⇒ 2 2k 2 + 3k + 6 = k 2 + 4k + 8 + 3k 2 + 4k + 4 )
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 2(v), Page 52] 2 2
⇒ 4k + 6k + 12 = 4k + 8k + 12
Ans. Given terms : a + b, (a + 1) + b, (a + 1) + (b + 1) ....
⇒ k=0 [2]
Here,
a2 − a1 = 2a + 1 − a = a + 1 Q. 27. Find the 12th term from the end of the AP : –2, –4,
a3 − a2 = 3a + 2 − 2a − 1 = a + 1 –6,..., –100.
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 16, Page 53]
a4 − a3 = 4a + 3 − 3a − 2 = a + 1
Ans. In the given AP : l = –100, d = –4 + 2 = –2 [1]
⇒ d = a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = a4 − a3 = a + 1 [1]
Since the nth term from end is tn = l − ( n − 1) d , we get
t12 = −100 − (12 − 1)( −2 ) = −78 [1]
56 | Oswaal NCERT Exemplar Problems – Solutions, mathematics, Class-X

Short Answer Type Questions (3 marks each)

Q. 1. Two APs have the same common difference. The Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we have
first term of one AP is 2 and that of the other is t5 = a + 4d = 19 ...(1) [1]
7. The difference between their 10th terms is the t13 − t8 = ( a + 12d ) − ( a + 7d ) = 20
same as the difference between their 21st terms,
⇒ 5d = 20
which is the same as the difference between any
two corresponding terms. Why? ⇒ d=4 [1]
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.2, Q. 4, Page 49] From (1), a + 16 = 19 ⇒ a = 3
Ans. For the first AP, we have first term A = 2 and Thus, the AP is 3, 7, 11, 15, [1]
common difference = d Q. 4. The sum of the 5th and the 7th terms of an AP is 52
For the second AP, we have first term a = 7 and and the 10th term is 46. Find the AP.
common difference = d  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 7, Page 52]
Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we have Ans. Let the first term and the common difference of the
given AP are a and d respectively.
T10 − t10 =  A + (10 − 1) d  −  a + (10 − 1) d 
Since tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we have
= A−a t5 + t7 = 52
= 2−7 ⇒ a + 4d + a + 6d = 52
T10 − t10 = −5 ...(1) [1] ⇒ 2a + 10d = 52
And, ⇒ a + 5d = 26 ...(1) [1]
T21 − t21 =  A + ( 21 − 1) d  −  a + ( 21 − 1) d  And,
t10 = a + 9d = 46 … (2)
= A−a
= 2−7 From (2) – (1), we get
9d − 5d = 46 − 26
T21 − t21 = −5 ...(2) [1]
⇒ 4d = 20
Thus, the difference between their 10th terms is the ⇒ d =5 [1]
same as the difference between their 21st terms, From (2), we get
which is the same as the difference between any t10 = a + 9d = 46
two corresponding terms in both the given APs.
⇒ a + 45 = 46
Reason : Since, they have same common difference.
⇒ a =1  [1]
[1]
Q. 2. Find a, b and c such that the following numbers are Thus, the AP is 1, 6, 11, 17,…
in AP : a, 7, b, 23, c. Q. 5. Find the 20th term of the AP whose 7th term is 24
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 4, Page 52] less than the 11th term, first term being 12.
Ans. In the given AP : t1 = a, t2 = 7, t3 = b, t4 = 23, t5 = c  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 8, Page 52]
Let the common difference is d. Then, Ans. Let the common difference of the given AP is d.
t1 = a ...(1) Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we have
t2 = a + d = 7 ...(2) t7 = t11 − 24
t3 = a + 2d = b ...(3) ⇒ a + 6d = a + 10d − 24
t4 = a + 3d = 23 ...(4) ⇒ −4d = −24
t5 = a + 4d = c ...(5) [1] ⇒ d=6 [1½]
From (4) – (2), we get
Thus, t20 = 12 + 19 × 6 = 126 [1½]
⇒ ( a + 3d ) − ( a + d ) = 23 − 7
Q. 6. If the 9th term of an AP is zero, prove that its 29th
⇒ 2d = 16 term is twice its 19th term.
⇒ d =8 [1]  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 9, Page 52]
From (2), we get Ans. Let the first term and the common difference of the
⇒a+d =7 given AP are a and d respectively.
⇒ a+8= 7 Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we have
⇒ a = −1 [1]   t9 = a + 8d = 0 ⇒ a = −8d ...(1) [1]
Thus, a = –1, b = –1 + 16 = 15, c = –1 + 32 = 31 t29 = a + 28d = −8d + 28d = 20d ...(2) [1]
Q. 3. Determine the AP whose fifth term is 19 and the t19 = a + 18d = −8d + 18d = 10d ...(3) [1]
difference of the eighth term from the thirteenth
From (2) and (3), we get
term is 20. [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 5, Page 52]
Ans. Let the first term a and the common difference of t29 = 2 ( t19 )
the given AP are a and d respectively. Hence Proved.
 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION | 57
Q. 7. Find whether 55 is a term of the AP : 7, 10, 13, … or a−b 3a − 2b 5a − 3b
not. If yes, find which term it is. Q. 11. Find the sum + + +... up to 11
terms. a+b a+b a+b
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 10, Page 52]
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 21(iii), Page 53]
Ans. In the given AP : a = 7, d = 10 – 7 = 3. Let nth term
Ans. a − b 3a − 2b 5a − 3b
is 55. [1] S11 = + + + ...up to 11 terms
Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we have a+b a+b a+b
1 ( a − b ) + (3a − 2b ) + (5a − 3b ) + ...up 
tn = 7 + ( n − 1) 3 = 55 =  
a + b  to 11 terms 
⇒ 3 ( n − 1) = 48
⇒ n − 1 = 16
1  ( a + 3 a + 5 a + ...up to 11 terms ) − 
=  
[1] a + b ( b + 2b + 3b + ...up to 11 terms) 
⇒ n = 17
Therefore, 55 is 17th term of the given AP. [1] 1  a (1 + 3 + 5 + ...up to 11 terms) 
=  
Q. 8. Which term of the AP : 53, 48, 43, ... is the first a + b  − b (1 + 2 + 3 + ...up to 11 terms)
negative term?
1  11 11 
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 17, Page 53] = a × ( 2 + 10 × 2) − b × ( 2 + 10 × 1)
Ans. In the given AP : a = 53, d = 48 − 53 = −5, [1] a + b  2 2 
Let tn < 0 1
= [121a − 66b ]
Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we get a+b
53 + ( n − 1)( −5 ) < 0 11

=
a+b
[11a − 6b ] [3]
⇒53 − 5n + 5 < 0
Q. 12. Which term of the AP : –2, –7, –12, ... will be –77?
⇒ 56 − 5n < 0
Find the sum of this AP upto the term –77.
56  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 22, Page 53]
⇒ n> = 11.2
5 Ans. In the given AP : a = –2, d = –7 + 2 = –5, tn = –77. [1]
⇒ n = 12 [1] Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we have
Thus, 12th term is the first negative term. [1] − 77 = −2 + ( n − 1)( −5 )
Q. 9. Find the sum 1 + (–2) + (–5) + (–8) + ... + (–236).
⇒ −75 = −5 ( n − 1)
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 21(i), Page 53]
Ans. In the given AP : a = 1, d = –2 – 1 = –3, tn = –236. [1] ⇒ 15 = n − 1
Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we have ⇒ n = 16 [1]
−236 = 1 + ( n − 1)( −3) Since, n will be a natural number, –77 is a term of
⇒ −237 = −3 ( n − 1) the given AP.
Now,
⇒ n − 1 = 79 16
S16 = [ −2 − 77 ] = 8 × ( −79 ) = −632 [1]
⇒ n = 80 [1] 2
n Q. 13. If an = 3 – 4n, show that a1, a2, a3, … form an AP.
Since, Sn = [ a + l ], we have
2 Also find S20.
80  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 23, Page 53]
S80 = [1 − 236] = 40 × ( −235 ) = −9400 [1]
Ans. Given that an = 3 – 4n.
2
1 2 3 Put n = 1,
Q. 10. Find the sum 4 − + 4 − + 4 − +... up to n terms. ⇒ a1 = 3 − 4 = −1
n n n
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 21(ii), Page 53] Put n = 2,
⇒ a2 = 3 − 8 = −5 [1]
1 2 3
Ans. Sn = 4 − + 4 − + 4 − + ...up to n terms Put n = 3,
n n n
⇒ a3 = 3 − 12 = −9
= ( 4 + 4 + 4 + ...up to n terms) −
Since, a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = −4 , thus the given terms are
1 2 3  in AP. [1]
+ + + ...up to n terms
 n n n  Now,
1 20
= 4n − (1 + 2 + 3 + ...up to n terms) S20 =  2 ( −1) + ( 20 − 1)( −4 )  = −780 [1]
n 2 
1 n ( n + 1) Q. 14. In an AP, if Sn = n(4n + 1), find the AP.
= 4n − ×  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 24, Page 53]
n 2
n +1 Ans. Given that Sn = n (4n + 1). [1]
= 4n − Since, tn = Sn − S( n −1), we have
2
8n − n − 1 tn = n ( 4n + 1) − ( n − 1)  4 ( n − 1) + 1
=
2 = n ( 4n + 1) − ( n − 1) [ 4n − 3]
7n − 1 [3]
= = 4n 2 + n − 4n 2 + 7n − 3
2
= 8n − 3 [1]
 299 = 11 + ( n − 1) 4

58 | ⇒ 299 − 11 = 4 ( n − 1)
Oswaal NCERT Exemplar Problems – Solutions, mathematics, Class-X
⇒ 288 = 4 ( n − 1)
Thus, t1 = 5, t2 = 13, t3 = 21 etc. [1] 288
Therefore, the required AP is 5, 13, 21, 29, … ⇒ n −1 = = 72
4
Q. 15. Find the sum of last ten terms of the AP : 8, 10, 12,
⇒ n = 73 [1]
---, 126. [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 30, Page 54]
Ans. The given AP is 8, 10, 12, ---, 126. Q. 19. If Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of an AP,
This AP can be written in reverse order as 126, 124, prove that S12 = 3(S8 – S4)
122, …, 12, 10, 8. [1]  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 26, Page 54]
Now we have a = 126, d = 124 – 126 = –2 and Ans. Let a be the first term and d be the common
n = 10. [1] difference of the AP.
n n
Since, Sn =  2a + ( n − 1) d  , we get Since, Sn =  2a + ( n − 1) d  , we get
2 2
12
10 S12 =  2a + (12 − 1) d  = 6 [ 2a + 11d ] [1]
S10 =  2 × 126 + (10 − 1) × ( −2 )  2
2
8 4 
= 5[ 252 − 18] 3 ( S8 − S4 ) = 3  ( 2a + 7d ) − ( 2a + 3d ) 
2 2 
= 5 × 234
[1] = 3  4 ( 2a + 7d ) − 2 ( 2a + 3d ) 
= 1170
Q. 16. Find the sum of first seven numbers which are = 3[8a + 28d − 4a − 6a ]
multiples of 2 as well as of 9. = 3[ 4a + 22d ]
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 31, Page 54]
= 6 [ 2a + 11d ] [2]
Ans. The numbers which are multiples of 2 as well as of
9 are Thus, S12 = 3(S8 –S4).  Hence Proved.
18, 36, 54, 72, …, 126. Q. 20. Find the sum of those integers between 1 and 500
In this AP : a = 18, d = 36 – 18 = 18, n = 7 [1] which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5.
n  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.4, Q. 2(i), Page 57]
Since, Sn = [ a + l ], we have [1]
2 Ans. The multiples of 2 and 5 between 1 to 500 are 10, 20,
7 7 30, 40, …, 490. [1]
Sn = [18 + 126] = × 144 = 504 [1]
In this AP : a = 10, d = 20 – 10 = 10, n = 50, l = tn =
2 2
490. [1]
Q. 17. How many terms of the AP : –15, –13, –11, --- are n
Since, Sn = [ a + l ], we get
needed to make the sum –55? Explain the reason 2
for double answer. 49 49
S49 = [10 + 490] = × 500 = 12250 [1]
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 32, Page 54] 2 2
Ans. In the given AP : a = –15, d = –13 + 15 = 2, Sn = –55. Q. 21. Find the sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which
n
Since, Sn =  2a + ( n − 1) d  , we have are multiples of 2 as well as of 5.
2  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.4, Q. 2(ii), Page 57]
n
⇒ −55 =  2 × ( −15 ) + ( n − 1) × 2  Ans. The multiples of 2 and 5 from 1 to 500 are 10, 20, 30,
2 40, …, 500. [1]
n
⇒ −55 = [ −30 + 2n − 2] In this AP : a = 10, d = 20 – 10 = 10, n = 49, l = tn =
2 500. [1]
n
n
⇒ −55 = ( 2n − 32 ) Since, Sn = [ a + l ], we get
2 2
⇒ −55 = n ( n − 16 ) 50
[1] S50 = [10 + 500] = 25 × 510 = 12750 [1]
2
Þ n2 – 16n + 55 = 0
Þ (n – 11) (n – 5) = 0 Q. 22. Yasmeen saves `32 during the first month, `36 in
Þ (n – 11) = 0 or (n – 5) = 0 the second month and `40 in the third month. If
Þ n = 5 or 11 [1] she continues to save in this manner, in how many
There are two values of n for which the sum is –55. months will she save `2000?
That means the sum of numbers from 6th term 11th  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 35, Page 54]
term will be zero. [1] Ans. In the given AP : a = 32, d = 36 – 32 = 4, Sn = 2000 [1]
n
Q. 18. How many numbers lie between 10 and 300, which Since, Sn =  2a + ( n − 1) d  , we get
when divided by 4 leave a remainder 3? 2
n
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 18, Page 53] 2000 =  2 × 32 + ( n − 1) × 4
2
Ans. The numbers between 10 and 300, which when divided
by 4 leave a remainder 3, are 11, 15, 19, …, 299. [1] ⇒ 2000 = n ( 2n − 30)
This is in AP in which a = 11, d = 15 – 11 = 4, ⇒ 2n 2 − 30n − 2000 = 0
tn = 299 [1] ⇒ n 2 − 15n − 1000 = 0
Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we get
⇒ ( n − 25)( n + 40) = 0
299 = 11 + ( n − 1) 4 ⇒ ( n − 25) = 0 or ( n + 40) = 0
⇒ 299 − 11 = 4 ( n − 1) ⇒ n = 25 or − 40 [1]
⇒ 288 = 4 ( n − 1) Since, n cannot be negative, n = 25 months. [1]
288
⇒ n −1 = = 72
4
⇒ n = 73
 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION | 59
Q. 23. The sum of the first five terms of an AP and the placing the flags. Ruchi kept her books where the
sum of the first seven terms of the same AP is 167. flags were stored. She could carry only one flag
If the sum of the first ten terms of this AP is 235, at a time. How much distance did she cover in
find the sum of its first twenty terms. completing this job and returning back to collect
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.4, Q. 1, Page 56] her books? What is the maximum distance she
Ans. Let S5 + S7 = 167, S10 = 235 travelled carrying a flag?
n
Since,Sn =  2a + ( n − 1) d  ,  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.4, Q. 10, Page 58]
2
we get Ans. Since, they have 27 flags, the middle most flag is
S5 + S7 = 167 13th flag, 13 flags to left of middle and 13 flags to
5 7 right of middle most flag. [1]
⇒
2
[2a + 4d ] + 2 [2a + 6d ] = 167 Thus, the total distance travelled by her is
⇒ 5 ( a + 2d ) + 7 ( a + 3d ) = 167 S = 2 ( 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + ...up to 13 terms )
⇒ 12a + 31d = 167 ...(1) [1] = 2 × 2 (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ...up to 13 terms )
S10 = 235 13 × 14
= 4×
10 2
⇒ [ 2a + 9d ] = 235 = 364 [1]
2
⇒ 5 ( 2a + 9d ) = 235 Thus, Ruchi need to travel total distance as 364 m.
⇒ 2a + 9d = 47 ...(2) [1] and the maximum distance travelled by her is
Solving (1) and (2), we get a = 1 and d = 5 2 × 13 = 26 m. [1]

Thus, S20 = 20  2 × 1 + ( 20 − 1) × 5 = 970

2  
[1] Q. 27. Find the sum of all the 11 terms of an AP whose
Q. 24. Find the sum of the integers between 100 and 200 middle most term is 30.
that are divisible by 9  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 29, Page 54]
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.4, Q. 5(i), Page 57]
Ans. In an AP with 11 terms, the middle most term is
Ans. The multiples of 9 from 100 to 200 are 108, 117, 126,
 11 + 1 
 2  = 6 term.
th
…, 198. [1] [1]
 
In this AP : a = 108, d = 9, l = tn = 198.
Since, tn = a + (n – 1) d, we get Now, t6 = a + 5d = 30 [1]
198 = 108 + (n – 1) 9 Þ n = 11 [1] Thus,
n
Since, Sn = [ a + l ], we get 11
2 S11 = [ 2a + 10d ]
11 11 2
S11 = [108 + 198] = × 306 = 1683 [1]
2 2 = 11( a + 5d )
Q. 25. Solve the equation – 4 + (–1) + 2 +...+ x = 437 = 11 × 30
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.4, Q. 8, Page 57] = 330 [1]
Ans. In the given series, a = –4, d = –1 + 4 = 3, Sn = 437, Q. 28. Kanika was given her pocket money on Jan 1st,
tn = x [1]
n 2008. She puts Re 1 on Day 1, `2 on Day 2, `3 on
Since, Sn =  2a + ( n − 1) d  , we have Day 3, and continued doing so till the end of the
2
n month, from this money into her piggy bank. She
437 =  −8 + ( n − 1) 3
2 also spent `204 of her pocket money, and found
⇒ 874 = n ( 3n − 11) that at the end of the month she still had `100
⇒ 3n 2 − 11n − 874 = 0 with her. How much was her pocket money for the
⇒( n − 19 )( 3n + 46 ) = 0 month? [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 34, Page 54]
⇒ n = 19 [1] Ans. The total money in piggy bank is
S = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 31
Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we get
31
x = −4 + (19 − 1) 3 = 50 [1] =  2 × 1 + ( 31 − 1) × 1
2
Q. 26. The students of a school decided to beautify the 31
= × 32
school on the Annual Day by fixing colourful 2
flags on the straight passage of the school. They = 31 × 16
have 27 flags to be fixed at intervals of every 2 m. = 496 [2]
The flags are stored at the position of the middle Thus, the total money she has
most flag. Ruchi was given the responsibility of `496 + `204 + `100 = `800. [1]
60 | Oswaal NCERT Exemplar Problems – Solutions, mathematics, Class-X

Long Answer Type Questions (5 marks each)

Q. 1. Find the sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which Q. 3. Split 207 into three parts such that these are in AP
are multiples of 2 or 5. and the product of the two smaller parts is 4623.
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.4, Q. 2(iii), Page 57]  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 12, Page 53]
Ans. The multiples of 2 from 1 to 500 are 2, 4, 6, 8, …, Ans. Let (a – d), a, (a + d) are the three parts of 207 which
500. [1] are in AP. [1]
In this AP : a = 2, d = 4 – 2 = 2, n = 250, l = tn = 500. Then.
n
Since, Sn = [ a + l ], we get ( a − d ) + a + ( a + d ) = 207
2 ⇒ 3a = 207
250
S250 = [ 2 + 500] = 125 × 502 = 62750 [1] ⇒ a = 69 [1]
2
Given that,
The multiples of 5 from 1 to 500 are 5, 10, 15, 20, …, a ( a − d ) = 4623
500. [1]
In this AP : a = 5, d = 10 – 5 = 5, n = 100, l = tn = 500. ⇒ 69 ( 69 − d ) = 4623
n ⇒ 4761 − 69d = 4623
Since, Sn = [ a + l ], we get
2 ⇒ 69d = 138
100
100 = [5 + 500] = 50 × 505 = 25250 [1] ⇒ d=2 [2]
Thus, three parts of 207 are 67, 69 and 71 which are
The multiples of 2 and 5 from 1 to 500 are
in AP. [1]
10, 20, 30, 40, …, 500. Q. 4. The angles of a triangle are in AP. The greatest
In this AP : a = 10, d = 20 – 10 = 10, n = 50, l = tn = 500. angle is twice the least. Find all the angles of the
n
Since, Sn = [ a + l ], we get triangle. [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 13, Page 53]
2 Ans. Let the angles of the triangle are
50 A = ( a − d ) ° , B = a° , C = ( a + d ) ° .
S50 = [10 + 500] = 25 × 510 = 12750
2
Then, [1]
Thus, sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are
A + B + C = 180°
multiples of 2 or 5 is
62750 + 25250 – 12750 = 75250. [1] ⇒ ( a − d ) ° + a° + ( a + d ) ° = 180°
Q. 2. The 26th, 11th and the last term of an AP are 0, 3 and ⇒ 3a° = 180°
1 ⇒ a° = 60° [1]
- , respectively. Find the common difference
5 Given that,
and the number of terms. C = 2A
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 6, Page 52] ⇒ (a + d )° = 2(a − d )°
Ans. Let first term is a, the common difference is d and the ⇒ a + d = 2a − 2d
number of the terms, is n for given AP. [1] ⇒ 3d = a
Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we have
60
⇒ d=
t26 = a + 25d = 0 ...(1) 3
t11 = a + 10d = 3 ⇒ d = 20 [2]
...(2)
1 Thus,
tn = a + ( n − 1) d = − ...(3) [1]
5 A = ( 60 − 20 ) ° = 40°
From (2) – (1), we get B = 60°
( a + 10d ) − ( a + 25d ) = 3 − 0 C = ( 60 + 20 ) ° = 80° [1]
⇒ − 15d = 3
Q. 5.If the nth terms of the two APs : 9, 7, 5, ... and 24, 21,
1 [1]
⇒ d=− 18, ... are the same, find the value of n. Also find that
5 term. [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 14, Page 53]
From (1), we get Ans. In the AP : 9, 7, 5, ... we have a = 9, d = 7 – 9 = –2.
 1 Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we have
t26 = a + 25 ×  −  = 0 ⇒ a − 5 = 0 ⇒ a = 5 [1]
 5
tn = 9 + ( n − 1)( −2 ) = 9 + −2n + 2 = 11 − 2n [1]
From (3), we get
 1 1 In the AP : 24, 21, 18, ... we have a = 24, d = 21 – 24 = –3.
t = 5 + ( n − 1)  −  = − Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we have
 5  5
( ) = 26 tn = 24 + ( n − 1)( −3) = 24 − 3n + 3 = 27 − 3n [1]
⇒
5 5 Since, both APs have same nth term,
⇒ = 27 [1]
 t9 + t10 = a + 8d + a +ARITHMETIC
9d PROGRESSION | 61
= 2a + 17d
11 − 2n = 27 − 3n  4 1
= 2  −  + 17  
⇒ 3n − 2n = 27 − 11  3 3
⇒ n = 16 [1] −8 + 17
=
Thus, 16th term of the both APs have same term.[1] 3
Now, t16 = 11 − 2 × 16 = 11 − 32 = −21 [1] 9
= =3 [1½]
Q. 6. If sum of the 3rd and the 8th terms of an AP is 7 and 3
Q. 8. The first term of an AP is –5 and the last term is 45.
the sum of the 7th and the 14th terms is –3, find
If the sum of the terms of the AP is 120, then find
the 10th term. the number of terms and the common difference.
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 15, Page 53]  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 20, Page 53]
Ans. Let a be the first term and d be the common Ans. In the given AP : a = –5, l = tn = 45, Sn = 120. [1]
difference of the AP. Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we get
Given that, 45 = −5 + ( n − 1) d

t3 + t8 = 7 ⇒ ( n − 1) d = 50 ...(1) [1½]

⇒ a + 2d + a + 7d = 7 n
Since, Sn =  2a + ( n − 1) d  , we get
⇒ 2a + 9d = 7 ...(1) [1] 2
n
And, 120 =  2 ( −5) + 50  [On using (1), i.e., (n − 1) d = 50]
2
t7 + t14 = −3 ⇒ 240 = 40n
⇒ a + 6d + a + 13d = −3 240
⇒ n = =6 [1½]
⇒ 2a + 19d = −3  ...(2) [1] 40
From (1)
From (2) – (1),
2a + 19d − 2a − 9d = −3 − 7
(6 − 1) d = 50
⇒ d = 10 [1]
⇒ 10d = −10
Q. 9. In an AP, if Sn = 3n2 + 5n and ak = 164, find the
10 [1]
⇒ d = − = −1 value of k.[NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 25, Page 54]
10 Ans. Since, ak = Sk − S( k −1) , we have
From (1), ak = Sk − S(k −1)
⇒ 2a + 9 ( −1) = 7 ( )
= 3k 2 + 5k − 3 ( k − 1) + 5 ( k − 1)
2
 
⇒ 2a − 9 = 7
= 3 k − ( k − 1) + 5  k − ( k − 1)
 
2 2
⇒ 2a = 16  
16 = 3 ( 2k − 1)(1) + 5[1]
⇒ 2a =
2 = 6k − 3 + 5
⇒ a=8 [1] [3]
= 6k + 2
t10 = a + 9d = 8 + 9 ( −1) = −1 [1] Since, ak = 164, we get
ak = 6k + 2 = 164
Q. 7. Find the sum of the two middle most terms of the
⇒ 6k = 162
4 2 1
AP : - , - 1, - , ...4 . 162 [2]
3 3 3 ⇒ k= = 27
6
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 19, Page 53] Q. 10. Find the sum of first 17 terms of an AP whose 4th
4 4 1 1 13 and 9th terms are –15 and –30 respectively.
Ans. In this AP : a = − , d = −1 + = , tn = 4 = [1]  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 27, Page 54]
3 3 3 3 3
Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we get Ans. Let a be the first term and d be the common
13 4 1 difference of the AP.
= − +( − ) Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we get
3 3 3
⇒ 13 = −4 + − 1 t4 = ( a + 3d ) = −15 ...(1)
⇒ − 5 = 13 [1]
⇒ = 18 [1½] t9 = ( a + 8d ) = −30 ...(2)
Since, n = 18, then the two middle most terms are [1]
n n From (2) – (1),
= 9thterm and + 1 = 10thterm. [1] ( a + 8d ) − ( a + 3d ) = −30 + 15
2 2
Thus, ⇒ 5d = −15
t9 + t10 = a + 8d + a + 9d 15
⇒ d = − = −3 [1]
= 2a + 17d 5
 4 1
= 2  −  + 17  
 3 3
−8 + 17
=
3
62 | Oswaal NCERT Exemplar Problems – Solutions, mathematics, Class-X

From (1), we get Ans. In 37 term of an AP, the three middle most terms
a + 3( −3) = −15 are 18th, 19th, 20th term. [1]
Given that,
⇒ a = −15 + 9 = −6 [1]
t18 + t19 + t20 = 225
Thus, S = 17  2 ( −6 ) + (17 − 1)( −3)  ⇒ a + 17d + a + 18d + a + 19d = 225
17  2 
17 ⇒ 3a + 54d = 225
= × [ −12 − 48] = −510 [1]
2 ⇒ a + 18d = 75 ...(1) [1]

Q. 11. If sum of first 6 terms of an AP is 36 and that of the t35 + t36 + t37 = 429
first 16 terms is 256, find the sum of first 10 terms.
⇒ a + 34d + a + 35d + a + 36d = 429
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 28, Page 54]
Ans. Given that S6 = 36, S16 = 256. ⇒ 3a + 105d = 429
n ⇒ a + 35d = 143  ...(2) [1]
Since, Sn =  2a + ( n − 1) d  , we have
2 From (1) and (2), we get a = 3 and d = 4 [1]
6 Thus, the AP is 3, 7, 11, 15, [1]
S6 =  2a + ( 6 − 1) d  = 36
2 Q. 14. The ratio of the 11th term to the 18th term of
⇒ 2a + 5d = 12  ...(1) [1] an AP is 2 :3. Find the ratio of the 5th term
16 to the 21st term, and also the ratio of the
S16 =  2a + (16 − 1) d  = 256
2 sum of the first five terms to the sum of the
⇒ 2a + 15d = 32 ...(2) [1] first 21 terms.
  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.4, Q. 6, Page 57]
On (2) – (1), we have Ans. Given that,
( 2a + 15d ) − ( 2a + 5d ) = 32 − 12 t11 2
=
⇒ 10d = 20 t18 3
⇒ d=2 [1] a + 10d 2
⇒ =
From (1), a + 17d 3
2a + 5 × 2 = 12 ⇒ 3a + 30d = 2a + 34d
[1½]
⇒ 2a = 2 ⇒ a = 4d
⇒ a =1 [1] Now,
t5 a + 4d
10 =
Thus, S10 =  2 × 1 + (10 − 1) × 2  = 100 [1] t21 a + 20d
2
Q. 12. The eighth term of an AP is half its second term 4d + 4d
=
and the eleventh term exceeds one third of its 4d + 20d
fourth term by 1. Find the 15th term. 8d
=
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.4, Q. 3, Page 57] 24d
t t 1
Ans. Given that, t8 = 2 , and t11 = 4 + 1. [1] = [1½]
2 3 3
Since, tn = a + ( n − 1) d , we get
And,
t 5
t8 = 2
2 S5 [ 2 a + 4d ]
= 2
1 S21 21 2a + 20d
⇒ a + 7d = ( a + d )
2
[ ]
2
⇒ 2a + 14d = a + d 5[8d + 4d ]
=
⇒ a = −13d [1½] 21[8d + 20d ]
t4 5 × 12d
t11 =+1 =
3 21 × 28d
1 5
⇒ a + 10d = ( a + 3d ) + 3 = [2]
3 49
⇒ 3a + 30d = a + 3d + 3 Q. 15. Show that the sum of an AP whose first term is a,
⇒ 2a + 27d = 3 the second term b and the last term c, is equal to
⇒ 2 ( −13d ) + 27d = 3 [1½] ( b + c − 2 a )( a + c )
2 ( b − a)
⇒
Thus, a = –39 d = 3
Now, t15 = a + 14d = −39 + 42 = 3 [1]  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.4, Q. 7, Page 57]
Q. 13. An AP consists of 37 terms. The sum of the three Ans. In the given AP : d = b – a, l = tn = c.
middle most terms is 225 and the sum of the last ⇒ c = a + ( n − 1)( b − a )
three is 429. Find the AP. ⇒ c − a = ( n − 1)( b − a )
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.4, Q. 4, Page 57]
c−a
⇒ ( n − 1) =
b−a
c−a
⇒ n= +1
b−a
 ⇒ c = a + ( n − 1)( b − a )
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION | 63
⇒ c − a = ( n − 1)( b − a )
c−a The amount paid by him in 30 instalments is
⇒ ( n − 1) = 30
b−a ⇒ S30 =  2 × 1000 + (30 − 1) × 100 
c−a 2 
⇒ n= +1
b−a = 15[ 2000 + 2900]
b + c − 2a = 15 × 4900
⇒ n=
b−a [3] = 73500 [1]
Now, Thus, the remaining amount paid by him after 30th
n
Sn = [ a + l ] instalment is
2 `118000 – `73500 = `44500. [1]
 b + c − 2a  Q. 17. The sum of the first n terms of an AP whose first
 b−a  term is 8 and the common difference is 20 is equal
=  a+c
( )
2 to the sum of first 2n terms of another AP whose
( b + c − 2a )( a + c ) first term is – 30 and the common difference is 8.
= [2] Find n. [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.3, Q. 33, Page 54]
2(b − a)
n
Q. 16. Jaspal Singh repays his total loan of `118000 Ans. Sn= (2a + (n - 1)d)
2
by paying every month starting with the first
instalment of `1000. If he increases the instalment Given,
by `100 every month, what amount will be paid by a = 8 and d = 20
him in the 30th instalment? What amount of loan n
does he still have to pay after the 30th instalment? Sn= [2(8) + (n - 1)20]
2
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 5.4, Q. 9, Page 57]
Ans. The numbers involved in this case form an AP in n
Sn= (16 + 20n - 20)
which a = 1000, d = 100 2
Sn = 118000 n
n Sn= (20n - 4)
⇒ Sn =  2 × 1000 + (n − 1) × 100  2
2
Sn= n(10n - 2) …(1)
⇒ 118000 = n [1000 + 50n − 50]
When a = – 30 and d=8
⇒ 118000 = n [950 + 50n] n
S2n = 2 [2(–30) + (2n - 1)8]
⇒ 11800 = 5n 2 + 95n 2
⇒ n 2 + 19n − 2360 = 0 S2n = n(-60 + 16n - 8)
⇒ (n + 59)(n − 40) = 0 S2n = n(–68 + 16n) …(2)
⇒ n = 40 [2] It is given that Sn= S2n
Thus, the loan will be cleared in 40 months. n(10n - 2) = n(-68 + 16n)
Now, the amount paid by him in 30th instalment is 10n - 2= -68 + 16n
t30 = a + 29d 6n = 66
= 1000 + 29 × 100 n = 11 [5]
= 3900 [1]

Some Commonly Made Errors

¾¾ Students get confused with the application of formula.
¾¾ They make mistake in identifying the pattern given in series.
¾¾ They make computational and algebraic errors.
¾¾ Error in taking the common difference.

Expert Advice
☞ Understand the concept of arithmetic progression.
☞ Learn formulae through practicing.
☞ Sequence and series follow a particular pattern so before attempting question observe the given sequence thoroughly.
64 | Oswaal NCERT Exemplar Problems – Solutions, mathematics, Class-X

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