M 176 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS
Standard Specification for
Porous Concrete Pipe
AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 176-92
(ASTM DESIGNATION: C 654-90)
1. SCOPE 5.2 The pipe shall be acceptable under 6.4 Admixtures and Blends-Admixtures
the strength tests when they have met the and blends may be used with the
requirements as prescribed in Section 10. approval of the purchaser.
1.1 This specification covers porous non-
reinforced concrete pipe for use in under- 5.3 Acceptance as to Infiltration
drains. Properties-Pipe shall be acceptable under 7. DESIGN
the infiltration test when all test pipe
1.2 A complete metric companion to this conform to the test requirements as
specification has been developed-M prescribed in Section 10. 7.1 Design Table-Design requirements
176M; therefore, no metric equivalents shall be in accordance with Tables I and
are presented in this specification. 2. Wall thickness used may be more than
6. MATERIALS but not less than the value shown, except
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS as affected by the tolerance herein
6.1 Concrete-The concrete shall consist specified.
of cementitious materials, aggregates and
2.1 AASHTO Standards: water. 8. JOINTS
M6 Fine Aggregate for Portland 6.2 Cementitious Materials:
Cement Concrete
6.2.1 Cement-Cement shall conform to 8.1 The joints shall be of such design and
M 80 Coarse Aggregate for the requirements of AASHTO M 85 or
Portland Cement Concrete the ends of the concrete pipe sections so
shall be portland blast-furnace slag formed that the pipe can be laid together
M 85 Portland Cement cement or portland-pozzolan cement con- to make a continuous line of pipe
M 154 Air-Entraining Admixtures forming to the requirements of AASHTO compatible with the permissible
for Concrete M 240, except that the pozzolan variations given in Section 7.
constituent in the Type IP portland
M 240 Blended Hydraulic Cements
pozzolan cement shall be fly ash and
M 262 Terms Relating to Concrete shall not exceed 25 percent by weight. 9. MANUFACTURE
Pipe and Related Products
6.2.2 Fly Ash-Fly ash shall conform to
M 295 Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined the requirements of AASHTO M 295, 9.1 Mixture-The aggregates shall be
Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Class F or Class C. sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed in
Mineral Admixture in a batch mixer with such proportions of
6.2.3 Allowable Combinations of
Portland Cement Concrete cementitious materials and water as will
Cementitious Materials-The combination
T 280 Testing Concrete Pipe, of cementitious materials used in the produce a homogeneous concrete mixture
Sections, or Tile concrete shall be one of the following: of such quality that the pipe will conform
6.2.3.1 Portland cement only, to the test and design requirements of this
specification.
3. TERMINOLOGY 6.2.3.2 Portland blast furnace slag
cement only, 9.2 Curing-Pipe shall be subjected to any
one of the methods of curing described in
3.1 Definitions-For definitions of terms 6.2.3.3 Portland pozzolan cement only, Sections 9.2.1 through 9.2.3, or to any
relating to concrete pipe, see M 262. or other method or combination of methods
6.2.3.4 A combination of portland approved by the purchaser that will give
4. CLASSIFICATION cement and fly ash wherein the satisfactory results. The pipe shall be
proportion of fly ash is between 5 and 25 cured for a sufficient length of time so
percent by weight of total cementitious that the concrete will develop the
4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this material (portland cement plus fly ash). specified strength requirement at 28 days
specification shall be of two classes or less.
NOTE-Porous pipe may experience leaching
identified as "Standard-Strength Porous 9.2.1 Steam Curing-Pipe may be
detrimental to durability when subjected to
Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe" and drainage of soft or acid waters (less than 50 placed in a curing chamber, free from
"Extra-Strength Porous Nonreinforced ppm hardness or less than 6.0 pH). Type V outside drafts, and cured in a moist
Concrete Pipe." Portland cement should be specified where atmosphere maintained by the injection
high sulfate resistance is required, and Type II of steam for such time and at such
or IIA Portland cement should be specified
5. BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE where the pipe will be exposed to moderate
temperature as may be needed to enable
sulfate conditions. More than 3,000 ppm of the pipe to meet the strength
chiefly sodium or magnesium sulfates, or both, requirements. The curing chamber shall
5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be may be considered high sulfate content. be constructed as to allow full circulation
determined by the results of the strength of steam around the entire pipe.
and porosity or rate of infiltration tests, 6.3 Aggregates-Aggregates shall
and by inspection to determine whether conform to AASHTO M 6 and M 80
the pipe conforms to this specification as except that the requirement for gradation
to design and freedom from defects. shall not apply.
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M 176 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS
TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements of Porous Concrete Pipe
Intemal Designated MinimumA Wall Minimum Laying Minimum Socket Minimum Strength
Minimum Infiltration
Diameter, D Thickness. T LengthA Depth, L Three-Edge-Bearing
in. in. in. in. lbf/ft gal/min ft
4 1 24 1 1000 4
6 1 24 1 1100 6
8 1¼ 24 1¼ 1300 8
10 1⅛ 24 1⅛ 1400 10
12 1½ 24 1½ 1500 12
15 1¾ 24 1¾ 1750 15
18 2 24 2 2000 18
21 2¼ 24 2¼ 2200 21
24 2½ 24 2½ 2400 24
A
Normally the minimum laying length is 24 in. in length, but if the purchaser has no objections, then 18-in. length pipe up to 12 in. in diameter may
be supplied.
TABLE 2 Physical and Dimensional Requirements of Extra-Strength Porous Concrete Pipe
Internal Designated Minimum Wall Minimum Laying Minimum Socket Minimum Strength
Minimum Infiltration
Diameter, D Thickness, T Length" Depth, L Three-Edge-Bearing
in. in. in. in. lbf/ft gal/min ft
6 1'/4 24 1'/4 2200 6
8 1'/,- 24 1'/, 2600 8
10 1'/8 24 15/8 2800 10
12 2 24 2 3000 12
15 2'/, 24 2'/, 3200 15
18 2'/- 24 2'/- 3200 18
A
Normally the minimum laying length is 24 in. in length, but if the purchaser has no objections, then 18-in. length pipe up to 12 in. in diameter may
be supplied.
9.2.2 Water Curing-Concrete pipe may 9.3.2 Wipes and Tees-Fabricated size included in the order, except that in
be water-cured by covering with water- branches for wyes and tees shall be no case shall less than two pipes be
saturated material or by a system of securely attached to the wall of the pipe furnished.
perforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, and shall be flush with the inside surface 10.3 External Load Crushing
porous hose, or by any other approved of the pipe. Requirements-The crushing strength of
method that will keep the pipe moist porous nonreinforced concrete pipe shall
during the specified curing period. conform to the requirements prescribed
10. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
9.2.3 The manufacturer may, at his in Tables 1 and 2. The individual results
option, combine the methods described in of the various tests for each size of pipe
Sections 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 provided the 10.1 Test Specimen-The specified and for each shipment and plant shall be
specified strength is attained. number of pipe required for the tests shall tabulated separately. The crushing
9.3 Specials: be furnished by the manufacturer and strength shall ordinarily be applied to not
shall be selected at random by the less than 75 percent of the pipe received
9.3.1 General Requirements-Special purchaser, and shall be pipe that would for purpose of test. All tests shall be
shapes or fittings such as wyes, tees, not otherwise be rejected under this made in accordance with AASHTO T
bends, and adapters for use with concrete specification. The selection shall be made 280. Pipe shall be acceptable when all
pipe conforming to this specification at the point or points designated by the test pipe conform to the specified
shall be made of porous or nonporous purchaser when placing the order. The strength requirement. Should any of the
concrete in such manner as will provide test pipe shall first be freed from all preliminary test pipe provided in Section
strength at least equal to the class of the visible moisture. When dry, each pipe 10.2 fail to meet the strength
adjacent pipe to which they are joined; shall be measured and inspected. The requirement, the manufacturer will be
and shall conform to all other results of these observations shall be allowed to test two pipe for each pipe that
requirements specified for pipe of recorded. failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable
corresponding class and internal only when all of these additional test pipe
diameter, except minimum infiltration. 10.2 Number and Type of Test
Specimens-The manufacturer or seller meet the strength requirement.
Joints shall be the same type as used in
the adjoining pipe. shall furnish pipe for crushing tests, up to
0.5 percent of the number of pipe of each
TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Dimensions of Porous Concrete Pipe
Limits of Permissible Variation
Internal Designated Diameter Internal DiameterA Wall ThicknessA Length, Two Opposite Sides Length Depth of SocketA
in. in. in. in. in./ft in.
4 ±¼ - 1/16 ⅛ -¼ -⅛
6 ±⅛ - 1/16 ¼ -¼ -⅛
1 5
8 ±¼ - /16 /16 -¼ -¼
10 ±¼ - 1/16 ⅜ -¼ -¼
12 ±¼ - 1/16 ⅜ -¼ -¼
15 ±¼ - 3/32 7
/16 -¼ -¼
5
18 ±¼ - /32 ½ -¼ -¼
9
21 ±¼ -⅛ /16 -¼ -¼
9
24 ±¼ -⅛ /16 -⅜ -¼
A
The minus sign (-) indicates that the plus variation is not limited; the plus and minus sign (') indicates variation in both excess and deficiency in dimension.
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M 176 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS
manufacture or damage during handling
and will be acceptable, if in the opinion
of the purchaser, the repaired pipe
conforms to the requirements of this
specification.
13. INSPECTION
13.1 The quality of all materials, the
process of manufacture, and the finished
pipe shall be subject to the inspection and
approval by an inspector employed by the
purchaser. Such inspection may be
performed at the point of manufacture or
delivery.
14. REJECTION
14.1 Pipe shall be subject to rejection
10.4 Infiltration Requirement- 10.5 Test Equipment-The manufactu- on account of failure to conform to any of
Infiltration (or porosity) shall conform to rer shall furnish all equipment, facilities, the specification requirements. Individual
the requirements in Tables 1 or 2. and personnel necessary to perform at his sections of pipe may be rejected because
10.4.1 The test pipe shall be placed with plant the tests specified in Section 10. In of any of the following:
a spigot end down on a soft rubber the event that the purchaser elects to have 14.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing
nonpermeable mat, or its equivalent, and tests performed at any other location, the through the wall or joints, except a single
weighted or clamped down if necessary manufacturer will not be required to fur- crack not exceeding 2 in. in length at
to prevent the escape of water through nish equipment, facilities, nor personnel. either end of a pipe or a single fracture in
the spigot end of the pipe. the joints not exceeding 3 in. in width
10.4.2 Water shall be introduced into the 11. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS and not more than 2 in. in length shall not
pipe, and the distance above the bottom be considered cause for rejection unless
of the porous section at which the water these defects exist in more than 5 percent
level becomes constant shall be 11.1 Size and Dimensions-Pipe shall of the entire shipment or delivery.
determined. The rate of flow shall be at be furnished in the sizes, internal
14.1.2 The planes of the ends of the pipe
least equal to the required minimum diameters, and dimensions prescribed in
are not perpendicular to the longitudinal
infiltration for 1 ft of pipe as given in Tables 1, 2, and 3.
axis, subject to the limits of variation as
Tables 1 or 2. 11.2 Permissible variations from the shown in Table 3.
10.4.3 The rate of infiltration per foot of dimensions described in Tables 1 and 2
14.13 Cracks sufficient to impair the
pipe shall be determined as follows: shall not exceed those stated in Table 3.
strength, durability, or serviceability of
This is not to be construed, however, that
GPM = g/h the pipe.
heavier wall thickness pipe cannot be
where: furnished at the option of the
GPM = infiltration rate in gallons per manufacturer. Pipe intended to be straight 15. MARKING
minute per foot of pipe. shall not have variation in alignment of
more than ⅛ in./ft of length.
g = gallons per minute of flow 15.1 The letters "ES" shall be stamped
introduced into the test pipe, and with waterproof ink, or other permanent
h = height in feet from the bottom of 12. REPAIRS matter, on all extra-strength porous
the porous section of the pipe at concrete pipe.
which the level of water becomes 12.1 Pipe may be repaired, if
constant. necessary, because of imperfections in
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