Lesson Beekeeping Philippines
Lesson Beekeeping Philippines
DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 241 781 CE. 038 585
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INFORMATION COLLECIION & EXCHANGE
Peace Corps
Information' Collection & Exchange
Office of Programming & Training Coordination
806 0:Innecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20525
2C2) 254-7386
Peace Corps
3
LESSON PLANS FOR BEEKEEPING IN TUB PUILIpPINES
by.
Diana Sammataro
Peace Corps
Information Collection and Exchange
Reprint R-32
September 1981
4
LESSON PLAN # 1
Time: 1 »l hours
Simple Hives:
1. Hives without fames
clay pots (flower pots) or mud jars
log hives (sections of tree trunks with
a natural hive inside) or hollowed
out tree trunks
96
r
L.P. #1 .- 2 - .
Disadvantages:
cumbersceic hives if used without trams
III. Standard-Type Hives
Sp.
14 The Smoker
3. HivSs Tool
4. Gloves:
5. Miscellaneous Equiment
-queen cages.
-solar wax melter
-honey extracting equipment
-comb foundation -stall
-clothing (bee suit)
-observation hive
-uncapping knife (to cut honey)
-bee escape
-bee brush
r.
8
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POT Hi vE
Illustration #19
STRAW SKEW 1-11 Ve.
Illustration #20
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SIMPLE. FRAME
Illustration #23
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Illustration 827
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Illustration 1126
490i
- 11
TESSON PLAN #
Materials: (slides)
.
I
L.P. # 2
12
II. Requirements for bees
16
13
L.P. # 2
Advantages: Disadvantages:
-free -could be diseased or in-
-common Tested with pests
-plentiful ...could be in hard to get
places
-could be of inferior stock
Coot! Free
Advantages: Disadvantages:
-free «ootaigetimmiy stings
e-plontiful -difficult.to get it in-
-extra wax and honey taot
0.queon could be killed
-bees could leave later
Cost! Free
Cost: Fron
Advantages: Disadvantages;
- cared' for by an experionce -could have odd and old
beekeeper equipment that will need
-all ages of bees and to be replaced
brood can be obtained -queen could be old or of
.easy to inquire from poor quality
owner if there are any -wax comb could have di-
problems seases or pests not at
first evident.
18
15
L.P. # 2'
Advantages: Disadvantages:
could produce more honey .subject to diseases and
gentle and mangeable .pests hero
.do not swarm excessively requires more time, care
and feeding
Nx
could_die from neglect
19
L.P. #3
HANDLING ES
Time: hours
baterials: Demonstration
-smoker, bee suit, veil, gloves,
etc.
I. Handling Bees
20
L.P. # 3
1. The Queen
...when you find her, be careful, that
she does not become crushed or
drop on the ground. The queen
is generally found around, the warm
IroadneSt or nearest the eggs and
uncapped larvae.
2. Eggs
-when you look at a frame of uncapped
larvae, check the frame carefully,
and you Wright see eggs* If the hive'
has no eggss'or you cannot see brood,
or the queen, you may consider the
hive to be queenless* Requeen it by
either giiing it a queen celll a
new queen, or joining it to a queen-
righto hive.
3. Starvation
-when theft is no honey or pollen in
the hive: the bees may be more aggre-
ssive, and stop producing wax. when
you do not see any. Stored honey or 4
pollen in your hive, feed your bees
white sugar and pollen substitute.
If ycmCaxe using the hive to make
queens, feed the bees sugar syrup.
21
18
L.P. # 3
5. Swarm Preperation
-when tho bees form numerous peanut shaped
wax cells, which contain immature queens,
and the hiv6 is quite populous (and may
be crowded), the bees are probably starting
warm preparations. SWarming is a natural
instioWit divides the colony in half,
and the oad'queen leaves the hive with half
of the bees. The young queen meanwhile
hatches, mates, and starts laying in the
original hive. Unless you want to lose
half your bees and honey these swarming
preparations should be stopped.
7. Surplus Honey
-bees instinotively.store honey to eat
during times of hardship or scaresness
of food. Beekeepers try to make bees
store more honey than they need and this
surplus is what is harvested. To keep
the queen from laying in the honey combs,
surplts honey is usually found above the'
brood, in the upper portions of the hive.
Some hawk should be left on the hive at
all times.
22
Q
L.P. # 3
8. Aggressiveness
-some hives are naturally more aggressive
than other_ s. This can be controlled. by
selection of the queens that are more
gentle and requeening the aggressive
hives with them. Hives that are too aggre-
sive will sting often and may even swarm
out while being worked. Aggressiveness
may also be due to queenlessness, disease,
or pest harrassmeni.
1.0. CNoen3essness
-if yeu cannot find eggs, larvae, or capped
brood or the queen and the hive is usually
aggresSivi5 and restless, the hive may be
queeniess. moonless conditionscan be
remedied by:
23
1,.% I
rn
LESSON PLAN # 4
Time: 1 hour
I Material: slides
24
i
L.P. # 4
3. Record Keeping
-beekeepers should keep accurate records
on each hive or groups of hives in their
apiary; especially noted are the Wives
that'are significantly productive or
-weak. A note of when certain plants are
bloatrdng that coincide with the honeynow
will also help you to keep. tract of
the
major honey plants in your area. Paper
tacked' inSida the cover, or writtin-on
the hive body not top) can be used. Per-
manent book-or ti.ary records are more
trUstwerthy Some things to record are:
...date- worked
...age of queen
1--colony strength and growth rate
....timely manipulations (swarm prevention)
...characteristics a-hive (aggressive,
'e3nt7.?, productive, poor)"
swarming record-how often, when, why
cash flow (how much money spent or
<
earned)'
honey (how much (weight) taken off, .
per hive) . .
25
-...,..
5
22
# 4
26
L.P. # 4
27
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25
IESSON PLAN # 5
THE PEE COLONY AND RACES OF BEES
Time: :L hours
1. The.Colony
2. The Queen-
there is only one queen to
a colony,.and her sole duty is to lay
eggs. She resembles a Worker birt with
a much longer abdomen and a dark shiny
thorax or:baek. The queen is fed almost
entirely on a food secreted by the
young walker bees-called ivva.1, leilt
which is rich in'proteins. The number
of eggs she lays, therefore, will depend
on:the amount and kind of food she is
fed, the number of young workers to in-
-cut:eta the7eggs and the environmental
conditions. She lays eggs that may hatch
into drones (infertile eggs), workers or
newrqueeni (fertile eggs).
29
- 26 -
L.P. # 5
3. The Drone
-The drone is a larger and heavy
looking tee, with Very large eyes
and ehunkfadomen. His sole
function is to mate with new queens;
he does no work and cannot sting.
Normally, high drone populations are
only tolerated when ample food is
coming into the hive; when the honey
season is over, drones are evicted
from the hive. to'die.
4. The Worker
-There are anywhere from 5,000 to 75,000
workers in one colony. They are called
workers because they do the house and
foraging work required for colony survival.
The task of the workers, includes feeding
larvae (undeveloped bees), tending brood
(tmmature toes), feeding'and tending the
queen, guarding the hive, evaporating nectar
to make honey. packing pollen,"and main-
taining broodnest temperatures. As the
workers age (3 weeks or so) they begin to
leave the hive to forage for food. ()floe a
scouting forager locates a food source, the
distance and direction of the food 3.3 commu-
nicated by'a combination of dancing, scent
and sounds. They are foragers only for
about another 3 weeks before they die.
It takos 21 dears for a (European) worker to
emerge. They have special legs equipped to
pack the loose pollen grains* and have spe.:.
cial glands to secrete wax. stinging venom,
and rakalicllyc- W6rkere collect nectar,
pollen. water and propolis or glue. returning
.to their hive with it. See attached diagram.
0
L.P. 5
31
- 28 -
L.P. # 5
but oeuntries
somthem.
not p.roduce much honey (0.5 to 3. kg.)
are finding
bee.
a gentle, zuid manageable honey
the
32
29 -
L.P. # 5
33
0 EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF A WORKER HONEY BEE
fore wing-
wing.
wing hooks-
body hair
simpleeye-
compound eye
antenna-
-spiracle
d savom
HUD THORAX ARMEN
34 34 A
31
LESSON PLAN # 6
Timo: 1.-hour
Pests
5. Wax moth:
This is a moth which lap eggs in the
comb and upon hatching, the larliae can
cause much damage, to the comb and brood,
35
s. 32 -
L.P. #6
torborrowine4 spinning silk tunnels,
' and damaging wax,,
36
Mk.
33
L.P. # 6
4. Feeding bees
During dearth tires if bees are robbed
of all their, Aioney, both a pollen and
nectar imbstilute should be supplied
37
RJ
#6
if the hives are to remain strong
'and not abscond. The most refined
sugar Or sugar etrup should be used,
althoucll experiments are lacking on
the effects of feeding second class
Emegtr in the tropic5. Melasees
should never be fed, however, as 'this
will 14.ve the bees dysentery.
i.
38
d
ss
CROUP I - IICELY =Mt Severe losses may be expected if rhea. pesticides are used when bees are present at
treatment tUse or within a day thereafter, excupt as indicated by footnotes.
Afugan
,
gofratophoa) DOW a
- (dichlervoa) Peraden
2/ 5/
- Nesurol- (mathiocarb) Sumithice
2/ 40 2/ V (carbofuran) 1 / 2/ (tenittothlos)
mldrin plibros (Wed) C I/ 2/
Methyl parathion -
1 / 2/ 0 2/ Cardona - - 0 2/ Supracidt? a/
arsenicals - De-Pend -
(ucthidettplon)
(rerrechlorvIsphoa)
1/ 2/ (dImathoate) (licerhembloglios).
2/
AzodrIn I/ 2/
2/ Guthiot - - Tasman
(moeocrotephot diatinon - Demmer e (phenamiphoa)
(azinphoeumerhyl) (iteCbssidaphos)
2/ (Spectracide)
Una* r)
1/ tr heptachlor i/ 3/
uOrt 31 2/ (lathOmli) 1/ 2/ 1/ ?I
2/ dleldrin - to
Motor - (fearhion) 2/
-
Or these - (acrOhate) (eldicarh)
2/ Dimecron. 3/
/midst'
I/ V 0.'2/ 3/
SEC
Bidrin
lo 2
-/
(phoaphamidon)
Dursban
0 V
tonsure
2/ 5/
-
(aethomyl)
parathion -
Phoedrin
(0evtaphoe)
1- / 2 / 3/
tepp.
Vaposa. -
2/
(dichlouvos)
(dicrotopho)
2/
(chlorpytifolt) 'indent 1/ 7/ 2/
- (dimerSoate) 1/ 2/ 21 phosphsaldo - Zectran -
CYrom EPN Loreban
la 2 / (setacerbate)
Cythion - - (chlorpyrifoe) reemetbrin
Ethyl Gsthios* 2/ 4/ 0 2/
(eilarbion) Sevin - (carbaryl)
(aCzphos-ethyl) celethion
5/ 40 2/
Desanit Yamophos6 (fsephur) Memel?' (esiclocarb) Sperecide -
(fensulforhion)
GROUP II - MODERATELY, TOXI4: Those can be used around bees if dosage, dating, and sethod of application are
torrect. but should not be applied directly on bees in the field or at the colonies.
2/ 21
Abate - (temophos) Clodrie* andrin 1/ Perth/one. Trithion
(crotoxyphoe) (carbophenothion)
agxitox Korise (roma) Pyrasse .
ai
(triad:nal:rite) Counters 2/ 40 1/ 2/ , Vydet a
Matasystox as .- Systoit oleseton) (mewl)
DOTI/
- 2i 101
Semi* (Rade/isolate) (oxydemertowwithyl)
Moot * I/
- -2/ 6/
- tolow:* (phoeolono)
Carsole 3/ Dechlormal (sires) mires (Dechlorane) (pharaba)
I / 6/
' (Cersetenste)
Di-Spawn - - *caps (ethoprop) .Igoe 3/
chlordane a/. (distelforte) (endoeulfan)
(11001 111 - 11.11.NTIVILT nlee 11144* con be used stoma boss tuts s sistios of tt4sty.
liteinACIDE4 Dizap lotosal /intim » (OW
*awoke. (441s011"11) nlIssore
Morosocoe (toms) -DIfolotan (coptaio1)
(thlogobsostista) sconce V (dthumi. team D-14 (sot* Blaine (cyssasisa) (ntsfsonao)
silstbri Ithlorpsopsos) Dithasa 11-21 (mob)
osconytts sa e *dove (bloisoi)
altoOt looms. ,Cipotsi- (nirolsolgro* /masa*
Dttneas 1&41 (Toopropolla)
isathoptess) a wig% (nosoosoD) Csoaros
kwiltssi thedringioruzia (ntottIorbestl) paempet
(Maostoo, Ilotrar Wt. impunity* MMus* 2411 WW1)
*IW, Itsetiglielli foirrie Ds-Ter
M aw rie tIsoOsisli (14tialIW.
(foonis 114) (Ol oolysoleme moms% (Moss). .
Stamm rtsaigai5
ammo -(astIasiso) emelt, breteral
(okioniinkso.) pyrethrum (sexed) alsossoatos) (ibomoditgo)
ChIonopossad, rftebsom I,
nrska (thionsliks* E4-10.
(ohlerbossIno) Primers obasoisi)
tarp= Posonsta. -011114)
Medd 11 Probe (ootnosolo)
sikkddilla Zw.
taloa Wipe Rism (pooneeblar)
Mow. Calosotidas) 00:0161 ($176100)
SNOW (ussom) 1,44411 Imminoe MAO
boobs ' (dioonstas) Railibam telmOce0
(tsusinias) 104-10 Dosotore (ediasos)
'time Wiest (dais's) (ilabiorpop)
mow tat= imbue (iiirillPIN70)
Tams, (41:11loss) KO V
Terse Intslifor) V Mono (eotribsols)
ogee. V
-(etiddixtvo cosspbssa Maa
(osromorbesti)
ntepat VW
41114%
1J (2.4.54t)
mow 2/
sews& (ammo fume10280 Palms (astriag) idialustoTTIOT.1/1) slaw (tostoall)
sehti (ochspho9 Amnia (ibtroa) folios V nanotla.14. (akiothstl) (rosslIa)
krodow Isslete (&ansayk) Sloss= (corbosia) Was (ine) Sum tustyloun
(shisotbtasoa) tordosox alum' V Twist* (afros) Polar 2.4,5 -T
Ihildelo bravo DINDICENI, 11201141111 MMus (110) !doe (soososs)
(di)saticatont) (sblototbslosit) & ettIOCSIN Tomas
GRUCtell.
Wrote (bsosiel1)
(ohlatensoiore) Stein (stasis.) Tssas (tothstoTo)
(abtorinstos)
coffer osychlasids Ma me (soptIon) Tee (sterotos)
aolioniiio par-. wUea Ire (pcsDos) Tornoo (pialorso)
luidiewsi rims dime (shIssiatia) Tome (Mama
Wane (Maoist) conor S-emioolissto
coxes oulfsgs osttrol note (pivsoins) itrinaratla)
Owe* (olatottacosol atera ?noble V
tasookoloebtoT)
eathoopoblot Mosso (dtiossoquot) Lou? (Ilmoss) 0,1.1414
04401sell,
11enotor
arms sagas Salmi' Moen* Poloise 40 Tsgelose MOO
(osslilaissIsos) ejipsee (doinao) koosie (Mambo) wasisteginvi)
Vocasids* OolsoseT71) Dalai? (Itothiostos) Istast
(p&mostivIrm)
BEST* COPY
sv
Califoreis eters regulation results. yards" fat most ease of thaw sieeicalet also fat 2,.D and 2,444 as
weed ate AtmGate but Mkt 4$ home* ems ea nitres.
-1/ Um chemicals have boos laboratory tested aid field bested stalely as Wolfe. titres, cottee..ladtee clever,
silo eel met tom ell others Sia laboratory tested wily.
if Ap-
Dam IMamalrie eel tepp have seat short resides/ activity that they kill veil bees .started at Iniabbit
airs es *way thereafter. Theeetheoteels men, ate wife to nee elm Me are mot Is flight; thief ire slit
sat tem mead ceississ. -
01 *Whim his %see teed ea Mamie of ems sf bleeds, elfelfeuitbset seriesi lees et bees. Memir,
emelseal ism lessee have matted, amittelarly eater high seesretere mediates.. It applied to alfalie
In blots, it should be tali as a array, tad stem= eivoilei I. aids derSeg the sight or early St the'lersimg
*sea bees are tot foreleg is the field. %Meted tetheical eslashiee may shoal sot be weed atOolnd lees.
Ileseteeillm.
/I St -ets tote eel vest Montt Oftaltida$10003 GB seed treatemste have sot asset& bee Isms.
2f Tame, eltheogb highly torte to bees es a mums palm, is mg eel, is psalm femme' enemies
11424.60Sgs bas eft 4MOSOA boo lessee.
if efelLest
Ileadasent
JIM in bee brut steamily vishdtme has ewe um last the 11413;
legitteanal trade we...
41
fe? 4
38
LESSON PLAN # 7
Timo: 1-hour
Materials: Demonstratim
1. Fertility of Qaeen:
-queen should exhibit good egg-
laying oapabilitiea, at the time
of year when workers and needed,'
when there is available food,
'not during dearth times.
2. Long Foraging.rango:
-worlors should Ay greater distances
to gather nectar in difficult areas;
also those working earlier in the
morning and later in the evening,
putting on more honey Should be
seleotedasbreeders.
42
39
L.P. # 7
4. Hardiness:.
.-ibhose hives that come through dry,
cold, wet yr dearth seaeons with'
populous oolonies should be used.
5. Good growth
-W/O that tear brood well even
.without feeding should be selected,
(nurse bees tend larvae wen).
6. Comb Buqdbli
veadinees to build. comb and build
it in frames should be selected.
7. Good orientation
-.bees that are able to And their
worts& to the hive without
driftineto other hive!, should be
selected.
8. Cleanliness.
hives that keep debris off the bottom
board are desireable
43 00,
L.P. # 7
44
41
L.P. # 7
Disadvantages:
45
42
LESSON PLAN i
Time: 1 hours
I. Honey
1. Harvesting
-honey is flonerally taken off when over
3/4piths of the comb is capped; uncapped
honey tends to ferment since it is 'un-.
ripened, (ie. not en6Ugh water has been
evaporated off).
46
43
L.P. If 8
2. Marketing
-all honey should be carefully labeled. Here
is an example of a honey. fable.
*04041,0440410000WWWWWWOHNNWINHONN!
*1014140610111410444.01404000414401410444041414141040114141400
ERIC =ARIES
II. Wax .
417
44
2. Narkaing wax
-Wax can to usod it the following ways:
:ecismoties
:machine tooling
outtits
:leather processing
:wood polish
:candles
L.P. # 8
1
.
46
L.P. # 8 ti
Beeswax Recipes
LEATHER PREPARATION
1 part tallow
1 part beeswax
13SESWAlc POLISH
WATERPROOFING
4 oz. wax
4 oz. resin
1 pint linseed oil
pint turpentine
50
SO
52
51 HONEY EXTRACTOR
SQUEEZING OUT -1.10rIEY
Mustration t36 Illustration 037
AA
Overhead View
. %, as
COVER
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NEWTON BEEHIVE
BOTTOM
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1, Apiculture 3.4cgAilsS*Trak. ed. E. Cranes I.B.R.A., London,
Great Britain, 197
8. re Rive and the Honeijm, ed. Dadant & Sonss Haudltons Illinois, 1975.
12, Queen Rearing. H. Laidlemrs and J.E. Eckert. Un. of California Press
Berke?: 4 1962.
note: most of the drawings in the Lesson Plans were from 412=
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Since 1961 when the Peace Corps was created, more than 80,000 U.S. citizen. have served'
as Volunteers in developing countries, Living and working among the people of the third
'World as colleagues and co- workers. Today 6000 PCVs are involved in prograis dealgned-
to help strengthen local capacity to address such fundamental concerns as food
,production, water supply, energy development, nutrition and health education and
reforestation.
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