By AND Project

Date Client Doc. No.

Chd. Subject
Date Job No. Office Dept Sh.
Design of T-Shaped retaining wall

Data:
1 Height of the earth to be retained above ground = 3.5 m
2 Unit weight of the earth retained (g) = 20 kN/m³
3 Angle of repose (f) = 30 Degrees
4 d=2*f /3 = 20 Degrees
5 Safe bearing capacity of soil (SBC) = 200 kN/m²
6 Coefficient of friction (m) = 0.5
7 Materials
Grade of Concrete M 15 mPa
Grade of Steel Fe 415 mPa
8 Modulus of elasticity of steel Es = 200000 N/mm²
9 Angle of backfill (b) = 0 Degrees
10 Angle of inclination of wall (a) = 88.1 Degrees
11 Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m³

Design Constants:
1 fck = 15 mPa
2 fy = 415 mPa
.
0.0035Es
3 ku = 0.48
.
0.0055Es 0.87. f y
4 Ru = 0.138*fck = 2.07
5 Coefficient of active earth pressure (Coloumb's formula)
2
( sin ( a f ))
ka
2
2. sin ( f b)
( sin ( a ) ) sin ( a d ). 1 sin ( f d ).
sin ( a d ) . sin ( a b)
ka = 0.311
6 Coefficient of passive earth pressure
2
( sin ( a f ))
kp
2
2. sin ( f b)
( sin ( a ) ) sin ( a d ). 1 sin ( f d ).
sin ( a d ) . sin ( a b)
kp = 5.69695
7 Development Length
Ld = (0.87*fy)*D / (4*tbd) = 57 D
8 Clear cover = 35 mm
9 Assumed bar diameter for main steel = 25 mm
10 Total cover = 50 mm
By AND Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No. Office Dept Sh.

Approximate proportioning of the wall:

1 Depth of foundation = (SBC)*ka^2 / g = 0.97 m
= 1.2 m (Say)
2 Total height of wall including depth of foundation
H = 4.7 m
3 Total length of the base slab = 2.2 m
4 Thickness of base slab = 10% H = 0.47 m
5 Height of stem h = 4.7 - 0.47
h = 4.23 m
6 Length of Toe = 1/3 x B = 0.73 m
7 Thickness of stem at bottom
Maximum Bending Mmt. for stem = ka * g * h³ / 6 = 0.311 x 20 x 4.23³ / 6
= 78.4985 kNm
Design Moment 'Mu' = 1.5 x 78.499
= 117.748 kNm
Mu = Ru x b x d² d² = Mu / (Ru x b)

Mu
drequired
Ru . b
drequired = 238.502 mm
Provide d = 240 mm
Overall thickness 'D' = 290 mm
Thickness of stem at top 'D1' = 150 mm
Net width of the heel slab = 1.18 m

0.15

W4

W2 W5
4.23

W1 Fh

0.47 W3

0.73 0.29
1.18 ka x g x H =
2.20 29.2476
Figure showing dimensions and forces for retaining wall
By AND Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No. Office Dept Sh.
Stability analysis of Retaining wall
Force and Moment table

Sr. Force in (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment at toe in kNm

1 Lateral force due to earth pressure
Fh = 1/2 x (ka x g x H) x H
Fh = 1/2 x 29.248 x 4.7 = 68.73176 4.7 / 3 = 1.567 107.68 Anticlockwise

2 Self weight of wall

a W1 = Rect. Portion of stem 0.73 + 0.15 / 2
W1 = 0.15 x 4.23 x 1 x 25 = 15.8625 = 0.80833 12.822 Clockwise

b W2 = Triangular Portion of stem

W2 = 1/2 x (0.29-0.15) x 4.23 x 1 x 25 0.73+0.15+1/3x(0.29-0.15)
W2 = 7.4025 = 0.930 6.884 Clockwise

c W3 = Rect. Portion of base slab

W3 = 0.47 x 2.2 x 1 x 25 2.2 / 2
W3 = 25.85 = 1.100 28.435 Clockwise

3 Self weight of soil over base slab

a W4 = Triangular portion of soil
W4 = 1/2 x (0.29-0.15) x 4.23 x 1 x 20 0.73+0.15+2/3x(0.29-0.15)
W4 = 5.922 = 0.977 5.784 Clockwise

b W5 = Rect. Portion of soil

W5 = 4.23 x 1.18 x 1 x 20 2.2 - 1.18 / 2
W5 = 186.12 = 1.612 299.963 Clockwise

Sum of vertical loads Sum of Moments SM =

SW = 241.157 246.209 Clockwise

Check against Overturning

Overturning moment 'Mo' = 107.68 kNm
Stabilising moment 'Ms' = 353.89 kNm

Factor of safety 'fo' = Ms / Mo = 3.28649 > 1.55 Hence safe

Check for sliding

Sliding force 'Fh' = 68.7318 kN
Resistance available 'm x SW' = 0.5 x 241.157
= 120.579 kN
Factor of safety 'fs' = (m x SW) / Fh = 1.75433 > 1.55 Hence safe
By AND Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No. Office Dept Sh.

Calculation of eccentricity and check for no tension

X = SM / SW = 246.209 / 241.157
X = 1.02 m

Eccentricity 'e' = (B / 2) - X = 2.2 / 2 -1.02

e = 0.08 m

B / 6 = 2.2 / 6 = 0.36667 m
e < B / 6 No Tension hence safe

Check for Pressures for base slab

SW . e = 241.16 / 2.2 x ( 1 + 6 x 0.08 / 2.2)

smax 1 6.
B B

smax = 133.25 kN/m²

Maximum stress < SBC hence safe
= 241.16 / 2.2 x ( 1 - 6 x 0.08 / 2.2)
SW . e
smin 1 6.
B B
smin = 85.98 kN/m²
No tension condition hence safe
Interpolation
Value of pressure for 0.73 m from toe
0 133.25
2.2 85.9841
0.73 117.494
Value of pressure for 1.02 m from toe
0 133.25
2.2 85.98
1.02 111.264

133.25 85.98

117.4944 111.2639
Figure showing pressures in kN/m² for retaining wall
By AND Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No. Office Dept Sh.
Design of Stem of Retaining wall

Main steel

0.5. f ck. b . d . 4.6 . Mu

As t 1 1
f ck. b . d
fy 2

Ast; required = 1688.01 mm²

Use Tor 16 mm bars 110 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 1827.84 mm²

Curtailment of Main steel

50 % of the main steel can be curtailed at 0.75 h = 3.17 m

Actual length of cutoff = 2.9325 m
= 2.9 m Say
Check for Shear

1.
V ( ka . g . h ) . h = 55.6727 kN
2
Design shear force Vu = 1.5 x V Vu = 83.5091 kN

Shear stress tv = Vu / (b x d) tv = 0.348 N/mm²

100As / (b x d) =100 x 1827.84 /(1000 x 240) = 0.7616

Design shear strength 'tc' is obtained from Table 19 page 73 IS 456 : 2000

For 0.76 tc = 0.543 N/mm²

Section safe in shear, Design Shear stress Greater than Nominal shear stress

Development length

Development length = Ld = f x ss/(4 x tbd) = 842.232 mm

Development length = 900 mm Say
Development length will be provided from bottom face of the stem in the heel slab

Design of toe slab

By AND Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No. Office Dept Sh.

0.47

0.73

133.25 117.4944 Figure showing pressures

for toe slab

15.76
Force and Moment table

Sr. Force in (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment at toe in kNm

1 Self weight of the toe slab
= 0.73 x 1 x 0.47 x 25 = 8.62 0.73 / 2 = 0.37 3.159 Hogging

2 Uniform pressure
= 0.73 x 1 x 117.494 = 86.16 0.73 / 2 = 0.37 31.593 Sagging

3 Triangular Pressure
= 1 / 2 x 0.73 x 1 x 15.76 = 5.777 0.67 x 0.73 = 0.49 2.824 Sagging

Sum of vertical loads Sum of Moments SM =

SW = 83.32 31.258 Sagging

Design vertical force 'Vu' = 1.5 x SW = 124.984 kN

Design Moment 'Mu' = 1.5 x SM = 46.89 kNm

Check for depth

Mu = Ru x b x d² d² = Mu / (Ru x b)

Mu
drequired
Ru . b
drequired = 150.501 mm

dprovided = 407.5 mm Hence Safe

Main steel of toe slab

0.5. f ck. b . d . 4.6 . Mu

As t 1 1
f ck. b . d
fy 2
By AND Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. 0.5. f ck. b . d . 4.6 . Mu Subject
As t 1 1
Date Job
f yNo. Office2 Dept Sh.
f ck. b . d

Ast; required = 326.057 mm²

Ast; provided = 1827.84 mm²

Check for Shear

Shear stress tv = Vu / (b x d) tv = 0.30671 N/mm²
100As / (b x d) = 100 x 1827.8 / (1000 x 407.5) = 0.44855

Design shear strength 'tc' is obtained from Table 19 page 73 IS 456 : 2000
For 0.45 tc = 0.39 N/mm²
Section safe in shear, Design Shear stress Greater than Nominal shear stress

Design of heel slab

0.47

1.18

85.98
111.2639 Figure showing pressures
for heel slab
25.28
Force and Moment table

Sr. Force in (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment at toe in kNm

1 Self weight of the heel slab
= 1.18 x 1 x 0.47 x 25 = 13.82583 1.18 / 2 = 0.588 8.13 Hogging

2 Self weight of soil

= 1.18 x 1 x 4.23 x 20 = 99.546 1.18 / 2 = 0.588 58.57 Hogging

3 Uniform pressure
= 1.18 x 1 x 85.984 = 101.175 1.18 / 2 = 0.588 59.52 Sagging

4 Triangular Pressure
= 1 / 2 x 1.18 x 1 x 25.28 = 14.87298 1.18 / 3 = 0.392 5.834 Sagging

Sum of vertical loads Sum of Moments SM =

SW = 2.676 1.343 Hogging

Design vertical force 'Vu' = 1.5 x SW = 4.01 kN

Design Moment 'Mu' = 1.5 x SM = 2.01 kNm

By AND Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No. Office Dept Sh.
Check for depth
Mu = Ru x b x d² d² = Mu / (Ru x b)

Mu
drequired
Ru . b
drequired = 31.19 mm

dprovided = 407.5 mm Hence Safe

Main steel

0.5. f ck. b . d . 4.6 . Mu

As t 1 1
f ck. b . d
fy 2

Ast; required = 13.71 mm²

Use Tor 10 mm bars 240 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 327.25 mm²

Check for Shear

Shear stress tv = Vu / (b x d) tv = 0.00985 N/mm²
100As / (b x d) = 100 x 327.2 / (1000 x 407.5) = 0.08031

Design shear strength 'tc' is obtained from Table 19 page 73 IS 456 : 2000
For 0.08 tc = 0.28 N/mm²
Section safe in shear, Design Shear stress Greater than Nominal shear stress

Minimum steel
Stem Ast;min = 0.12% x b x d = 348 mm² on both faces
= 174 mm² on each face
Use Tor 8 mm bars 280 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 179.52 mm²
Base slab Ast;min = 0.12% x b x d = 564 mm² on both faces
= 282 mm² on each face
Use Tor 10 mm bars 240 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 327.249 mm²
By AND Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No. Office Dept Sh.

0.15 GL

16Tor @220c/c

2.9 Note:
Provide minimum steel as given
above in both directions and on
4.23 16Tor @110c/c both faces for stem and base slab

GL
10Tor @240c/c

1.2
0.47

0.73 0.29 1.18

2.2
Figure showing dimensions and Main steel of Retaining wall
By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.
Design of T-Shaped retaining wall

Data:
1 Height of the earth to be retained above ground = 3.5 m
2 Unit weight of the earth retained (g) = 20 kN/m³
3 Angle of repose (f) = 30 Degrees
4 d=2*f /3 = 20 Degrees
5 Safe bearing capacity of soil (SBC) = 200 kN/m²
6 Coefficient of friction (m) = 0.5
7 Materials
Grade of Concrete M 15 mPa
Grade of Steel Fe 415 mPa
8 Modulus of elasticity of steel Es = 200000 N/mm²
9 Angle of backfill (b) = 0 Degrees
10 Angle of inclination of wall (a) = 87.26 Degrees
11 Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m³
12 Uniform intensity of surcharge (w) = 0.00 kN/m²
Design Constants:
1 scbc = 5 mPa
2 sst = 230 mPa
3 m = 280 / (3 x scbc) = 18.67
.
m scbc
4 k = 0.29
m . scbc sst
5 j=1-k/3 = 0.90
6 R = 1 / 2 x k x j x scbc = 0.65
7 Coefficient of active earth pressure (Coloumb's formula)
2
( sin ( a f ))
ka
2
2. sin ( f b)
( sin ( a ) ) sin ( a d ). 1 sin ( f d ).
sin ( a d ) . sin ( a b)
ka = 0.317
6 Coefficient of passive earth pressure
2
( sin ( a f ))
kp
2
sin ( f b)
( sin ( a ) ) . sin ( a d ). 1 d ).
2
sin ( f
sin ( a d ) . sin ( a b)
By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.
kp = 5.53
7 Development Length
Ld = (0.87*fy)*D / (4*tbd) = 53 D
10 Total cover = 50 mm
By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.

Approximate proportioning of the wall:

1 Depth of foundation = (SBC)*ka^2 / g = 1.01 m
= 1.20 m (Say)
2 Total height of wall including depth of foundation
H = 4.70 m
3 Total length of the base slab = 2.00 m
4 Thickness of base slab = = 0.52 m
5 Height of stem h = 4.7 - 0.52
h = 4.18 m
6 Length of Toe = 1/3 x B = 0.67 m
7 Thickness of stem at bottom
Max. B M for stem = (kagh³/6)cosb + kawh²/2 = 0.32(20 x 4.18³ /6 x 1 + 0 x 4.18² /2)
= 77.28 kNm
M = R x b x d² d² = M / (R x b)

M
Mu
drequired
drequired
R ..bb
Ru
drequired = 344.22 mm
Provide d = 350 mm
Overall thickness 'D' = 400 mm
Thickness of stem at top 'D1' = 200 mm
Net width of the heel slab = 0.93 m

0.2

W4

W2 W5
4.18

W1 Fh

0.52 W3

0.67 0.4 0.93 ka x g x H =

By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.
2.00 29.8384
Figure showing dimensions and forces for retaining wall
By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.
Stability analysis of Retaining wall
Force and Moment table

Sr. Force in (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment at toe in kNm

1 Lateral force due to earth pressure
Fh1 = 1/2 x (ka x g x H) x H x cosb
Fh1 = 1/2x29.84x4.7x1= 70.12013 4.7 / 3 = 1.567 109.855 Anticlockwise

2 Lateral force due to unifrom surcharge

Fh2 = ka x w x H
Fh2 = 0.317 x 0 x 4.7 = 0.000 4.7 / 2 = 2.35 0 Anticlockwise

3 Self weight of wall

a W1 = Rect. Portion of stem 0.67 + 0.2 / 2
W1 = 0.2 x 4.18 x 1 x 25 = 20.9 = 0.767 16.023 Clockwise

b W2 = Triangular Portion of stem

W2 = 1/2 x (0.4-0.2) x 4.18 x 1 x 25 0.67+0.2+1/3x(0.4-0.2)
W2 = 10.45 = 0.933 9.753 Clockwise

c W3 = Rect. Portion of base slab

W3 = 0.52 x 2 x 1 x 25 2/2
W3 = 26 = 1.000 26.000 Clockwise

4 Self weight of soil over base slab

a W4 = Triangular portion of soil
W4 = 1/2 x (0.4-0.2) x 4.18 x 1 x 20 0.67+0.2+2/3x(0.4-0.2)
W4 = 8.36 = 1.000 8.360 Clockwise

b W5 = Rect. Portion of soil

W5 = 4.18 x 0.93 x 1 x 20 2 - 0.93 / 2
W5 = 167.2 = 1.533 256.373 Clockwise

c W6 = Inclined surcharge of soil

W6 = 0.5 x 0.93 x 20 x 0.25
W6 = 0.00 2 - 0.93 / 3 = 1.689 0.000 Clockwise

5 Self Weight due to uniform intensity

W7 =0 x 0.93 x 1 = 0.00 2 - 0.93 / 2 = 1.533 0.000 Clockwise
By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.

Sum of vertical loads Sum of Moments SM =

SW = 232.91 206.66 Clockwise
By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.
Check against Overturning
Overturning moment 'Mo' = 109.855 kNm
Stabilising moment 'Ms' = 316.51 kNm

Factor of safety 'fo' = Ms / Mo = 2.88117 > 1.55 Hence safe

Check for sliding

Sliding force 'Fh' = 70.1201 kN
Resistance available 'm x SW' = 0.5 x 232.91
= 116.455 kN
Factor of safety 'fs' = (m x SW) / Fh = 1.66079 > 1.55 Hence safe

Calculation of eccentricity and check for no tension

X = SM / SW = 206.655 / 232.91
X = 0.89 m

Eccentricity 'e' = (B / 2) - X = 2 / 2 -0.89

e = 0.11 m

B/6=2/6 = 0.33 m
e < B / 6 No Tension hence safe

Check for Pressures for base slab

SW . e = 232.91 / 2 x ( 1 + 6 x 0.11 / 2)
smax 1 6.
B B

smax = 155.84 kN/m²

Maximum stress < SBC hence safe
= 232.91 / 2 x ( 1 - 6 x 0.11 / 2)
SW . e
smin 1 6.
B B
smin = 77.07 kN/m²
No tension condition hence safe
By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.
Interpolation
Value of pressure for 0.67 m from toe
0 155.837
2 77.0727
0.67 129.582
Value of pressure for 1.07 m from toe
0 155.84
2 77.07
1.07 113.83

155.84 77.07

129.5824 113.8295
Figure showing pressures in kN/m² for retaining wall

Design of Stem of Retaining wall

Main steel

M
A st
sst . j . d
Ast; required = 1062.17 mm²
Use Tor 12 mm bars 100 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 1130.97 mm²

Curtailment of Main steel

For no surcharge or inclined surcharge
50 % of the main steel can be curtailed at 0.75 h = 3.14 m
Actual length of cutoff = 2.785 m
= 2.7 m Say
For uniform surcharge
ka w y² / 2 + ka g y³ / 6 = 50% M at bottom of stem
0.32 x 0 x y²/2 +0.32 x 20 x y³/6 = 38.64 kNm
By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.
for y = 1m
0 x y² +1.06 x y³ = 1.06 kNm
Actual length of cutoff = 0.65 m
= 0.6 m Say
By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.
Check for Shear

V = 1/2 x ka x g x h² + ka x w x h = 55.46 kN

Design shear force = 55.46 kN

Shear stress tv = V / (b x d) tv = 0.158 N/mm²

100As / (b x d) =100 x 1130.97 /(1000 x 350) = 0.32

Design shear strength 'tc' is obtained from Table 19 page 73 IS 456 : 2000

For 0.32 tc = 0.24 N/mm²

Section safe in shear, Design Shear stress Greater than Nominal shear stress

Development length

Development length = Ld = f x ss/(4 x tbd) = 642.39 mm

Development length = 700 mm Say
Development length will be provided from bottom face of the stem in the base slab

Design of toe slab

0.52

0.67

155.84 129.5824 Figure showing pressures

for toe slab

26.25
By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.
Force and Moment table

Sr. Force in (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment at toe in kNm

1 Self weight of the toe slab
= 0.67 x 1 x 0.52 x 25 = 8.67 0.67 / 2 = 0.33 2.89 Hogging

2 Uniform pressure
= 0.67 x 1 x 129.582 = 86.39 0.67 / 2 = 0.33 28.80 Sagging

3 Triangular Pressure
= 1 / 2 x 0.67 x 1 x 26.25 = 8.75 0.67 x 0.67 = 0.44 3.89 Sagging

Sum of vertical loads Sum of Moments SM =

SW = 86.47 29.797 Sagging

Design vertical force 'V' = SW = 86.47 kN

Design Moment 'Mu' = SM = 29.80 kNm

Check for depth

M = R x b x d² d² = M / (R x b)

M
Mu
drequired
drequired
R ..bb
Ru
drequired = 213.742 mm
dprovided = 457.5 mm Hence Safe

Main steel of toe slab

M
A st
sst . j . d
Ast; required = 313.32 mm²
Ast; provided = 1130.97 mm²

Check for Shear

Shear stress tv = V / (b x d) tv = 0.18901 N/mm²
100As / (b x d) = 100 x 1131 / (1000 x 457.5) = 0.25
By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.
Design shear strength 'tc' is obtained from Table 19 page 73 IS 456 : 2000
For 0.25 tc = 0.22 N/mm²
Section safe in shear, Design Shear stress Greater than Nominal shear stress
By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.
Design of heel slab

0.52

0.93

77.07
113.8295 Figure showing pressures
for heel slab
36.76
Force and Moment table

Sr. Force in (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment at toe in kNm

1 Self weight of the heel slab
= 0.93 x 1 x 0.52 x 25 = 12.13333 0.93 / 2 = 0.467 5.66 Hogging

2 Self weight of soil

= 0.93 x 1 x 4.18 x 20 = 78.02667 0.93 / 2 = 0.467 36.41 Hogging

3 Self weight of inclined surcharge

= 0.5 x 0.93 x 20 x 0.25 = 0.0000 0.93 x 2 / 3 = 0.622 0.00 Hogging

4 Self weight of uniform intensity

= 0.93 x 1 x 0 = 0 0.93 / 2 = 0.467 0.00 Hogging

5 Uniform pressure
= 0.93 x 1 x 77.073 = 71.935 0.93 / 2 = 0.467 33.57 Sagging

6 Triangular Pressure
= 1 / 2 x 0.93 x 1 x 36.757 = 17.15318 0.93 / 3 = 0.311 5.337 Sagging

Sum of vertical loads Sum of Moments SM =

SW = 1.072 3.169 Hogging
Design vertical force 'V' = SW = 1.07 kN
Design Moment 'M' = SM = 3.17 kNm

Check for depth

M = R x b x d² d² = M / (R x b)

M
Mu
drequired
drequired
R ..bb
Ru
By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.
M
Mu
drequired
drequired
R ..bb
Ru
drequired = 69.70 mm
dprovided = 457.5 mm Hence Safe
Main steel

M
A st
sst . j . d
Ast; required = 33.32 mm²
Use Tor 10 mm bars 240 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 327.25 mm²

Check for Shear

Shear stress tv = V / (b x d) tv = 0.002 N/mm²
100As / (b x d) = 100 x 327.2 / (1000 x 457.5) = 0.072

Design shear strength 'tc' is obtained from Table 19 page 73 IS 456 : 2000
For 0.07 tc = 0.18 N/mm²
Section safe in shear, Design Shear stress Greater than Nominal shear stress

Minimum steel
Stem Ast;min = 0.12% x b x d = 480 mm² on both faces
= 240 mm² on each face
Use Tor 10 mm bars 320 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 245.437 mm²
Base slab Ast;min = 0.12% x b x d = 624 mm² on both faces
= 312 mm² on each face
Use Tor 10 mm bars 240 mm c/c
Ast; provided = 327.249 mm²

0.2 GL

12Tor @200c/c

2.7 Note:
Provide minimum steel as given
above in both directions and on
4.18 12Tor @100c/c both faces for stem and base slab
By AND TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Project
Date Client Doc. No.
Chd. Subject
Date Job No.TCE-4553A Office IG Dept CV Sh.
GL
10Tor @240c/c

1.2
0.52

0.67 0.4 0.93

2
Figure showing dimensions and Main steel of Retaining wall