SSLC PHYSICS-2022 REVISION MODULE I.G.M.M.R.

S NILAMBUR

05.Refraction of light
ഉള്ളടക്കം
പ്രകാശവേഗവ‍ും പ്രകാശികസാന്ദ്രതയ‍ും..................................................................................................1
പ്രകാശത്തിന്റെ അപവർത്തനം................................................................................................................2
അപവർത്തനം വിവിധ മാധ്യമങ്ങളിൽ.....................................................................................................3
പ്രിസം....................................................................................................................................................4
മാധ്യമത്തിലെ പ്രകാശവേഗവ‍ും അപവർത്തനാങ്കവ‍ും...............................................................................5
പ‍ൂർണ്ണാന്തരപ്രതിപതനം.........................................................................................................................6
പ‍ൂർണ്ണാന്തരപ്രതിപതനം നിത്യജീവിതത്തിൽ..........................................................................................6
ലെൻസ്..................................................................................................................................................7
ലെൻസ‍ുപയോഗിച്ച‍ുള്ള പ്രതിബിംബര‍ൂപീകരണം....................................................................................8
ആവർധനം...........................................................................................................................................11
ലെൻസി‍ന്റെ പവർ................................................................................................................................12
അന്തരീക്ഷ അപവർത്തനം....................................................................................................................12

1. Light velocity and Optical density

(1)If we consider the speed of light in air to be equal to the speed of light in
space, then what is it?
m
Answer: Yes, 3×10 8
s

(2)The refractive indexes of the various substances are given in the table. Find
the medium through which light travels the fastest.

Answer: Water has the lowest refractive index of any given medium.

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(3)Look at the picture. Light rays are depicted in two different media.Which
medium has the highest luminous flux? Why?
(a)What is the refractive index of which medium?
Answer:
(a)The medium is one, because the refractive angle differs even though the
angle of incidence is the same in both images. In a medium with a higher
density, the light beam tends to close closer to the vertical.
(b)The medium is one, and the refractive index of the medium with the
optical density is also high.
2. Refraction of light
(1)Why does refraction occur?
Answer: Light velocity varies with the Optical density of the medium.
(2) Write refractive laws?
Answer:
i. The angle of inclination, the angle of refraction, and the
perpendicular drawn through the point of separation at the
intersection plane are the same.
ii. The ratio of the angle of inclination and the angle of refraction is a
constant, called the snail law.
(3) Explain why you got the frog when you shot the fish in the picture
below.

Answer:
The exact position of the fish cannot be seen because the light emitted
from the fish is refracted at the splitting level.
(4) Write down the phenomenon that caused the following situations
i. deepest water sources seems to short depth.

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ii. It looks like there is water on Tared Road on hot days.

iii.Objects submerged in stagnant water appear to be curved and
broken.
iv. The stars seem to be twinkling in the night sky.
v. The sun is seen in the sky for a short time before sunrise and after
sunset.
Answer: Refraction

3. Refraction in various media

(1)The speed of light in the air 3×10 8 m/ s , The speed of light in a glass
2×108 m/s Then see the refractive index of the glass?
Answer:

(2)Define the following.

I. Relative refractive index.
II. Absolute refractive index.
Answer:
I. The relative refractive index of one medium relative to another.
II. it is the ratio of speed of light in vacuum to the speed of of light in
that medium
(3)Below is the absolute refractive index of some of the transparent media
in the table,
i. Find and write the media with the highest light density and the
medium with the lowest light density given in the list.
ii. What is the velocity of light in kerosene if it is the velocity of
light in air?

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iii. When the light beam is inclined from the air to the diamond, does
the refractive index close or move away vertically?

iv. The refractive index of a diamond is 2.42. What does this mean?
Calculate the speed of light through a diamond.

Answer:
i. Most-diamond
The lowest-air
c
ii. n=
v
c 3×108 8
v= = =2.08×10 m/ s
n 1.44
iii.Towards the normal
iv. Light travels through air at 2.42 times the speed of light through a
c c 3×108
diamond. n= , v= =
8
=1.24×10 m/s
v n 2.42

4. Prism

Using the given image, can you tell where the light coming from the glass
prism is inclined towards?

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Answer:

As you can see from the picture,

PQ = incident angle
EF = Refractive angle
RS = Refractive beam going outwards
➢ When the ray of light tilts from the air to the glass, it touches the
vertical.
➢ As it enters the air from the glass, it moves away from the vertical.
5. Light velocity and refractive index in the medium
(1)The refractive index of glass and water is given in the table.
a) If velocity is through water, calculate the velocity of light through

vacuum.
b) Calculate the velocity of light through the glass
Answer:
c
a) =n
v
Therefore c=n×c = Refractive index X is the speed of light
through water
The speed of light through a vacuum = 1.5 X 2.25/108 m/s
= 3×10 8 m/ s
b) c =n Here c = 3×10 8 m/ s , n = 1.5 Hence to see v
v

c 3×108
v= = = 2.25/108 m/s
n 1.5

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6. Total Internal Reflection

(1)Given the path of enlightenment through various media. Analyze the
pictures and find the answers to the questions.

i. Which of these pictures shows the total internal reflection taking

place?
ii. What is the critical angle of the glass?
iii.Is there a Total internal Reflection of light falling on the air at an
angle of 450 degrees from the water? Why?
Answer:
i. Figure (a), Figure (e)
ii. 420
iii.No,Total internal reflection can only occur if the angle of inclination
is greater than the critical angle.
7. Total Internal Reflection in daily Life
(1) In the picture, why is the bottom of the aquarium reflected on the
surface of the water?

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Answer: Total internal Reflection. That is, the light from the bottom hits the
surface of the water and catches the eye of the observer so that the bottom can be
seen on the surface of the water.
(2) Which object is shown in the picture below?

a) Write the structure of the device shown above?

b) What makes it different from other metal conductors?
Answer:
Optical fibre
a) Light fibres (optical fibres) are made of thin fibres of quartz or
glass. On top of this there is a cover with a medium of low
luminosity density and a cover of plastic on top of it.
b) 1) Decreased energy loss
2)Signals can be transmitted in the form of light at very fast
distances
3)It can send thousands of signals of different frequencies at
the same time.
8. Lens
(1)Match The following
Terms Definition
1.Optical Centre a.The sides of the lens are the centers of the
imaginary spheres that come in parts.
2.Radius of curvature b. The line passing through the center of light
and the center of curvature.

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3.Principal Axis c.Is the midpoint of the lens.

4.Principal Focus d. The optical center is the distance from the
focal point.
5.Focal Length e.The light rays falling on the lens, close to and
parallel to the main axis of the concave lens,
differ from each other after refraction.
These rays appear to emanate from a point
on the same axis as the falling rays.

Answer:
1. - c
2. - a
3. - b
4. - e
5. - d
9. Lens imaging
(1) Why is it that the main focus of the concave lens is illusory?
Answer:Light cannot be focused at a single point with a concave lens.
(2) What are the things to look out for when drawing ray diagram of
reflection?
Answer:
(1)The path of the light passing through the optical center of the thin lens
does not change.

(2)The beam of light falling on the convex lens parallel to the principal axis
passes through the focal point after refraction.

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(3)The light rays falling on the lens parallel to the principal axis of the
concave lens seem to go out of focus on the same side.

(4)The light beam passing through the convex lens through the focal length
passes parallel to the principal axis.

(5)

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(1)MN refers to a lens. So what kind of lens is that?

(2)What are the characteristics of image?
(3)Complete the given figure?
Answer:
(1)Convex lens
(2)Larger, real, invert
(3)

10. Magnification
(1)Calculate the magnification of the reflected image of the convex lens in
Figure 5.33?

Answer:
v 4
m= = =4
u 1

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 SSLC PHYSICS-2022 REVISION MODULE I.G.M.M.R.S NILAMBUR

= 100 =4
25
(2)Write the magnification in mathematical form?
Answer:

v
m=
u

11. The power of the lens

(1)
I. Calculate the power of a lens with a focal length of +25 cm?
II. You can guess what the + 2D mentioned in the doctor's note is
about. What kind of lens is this? What is the focal length of this
lens?
Answer:
100
I. P= =4 D
25
II. Convex lens because its power is positive
100 100
F= = =50 cm
P 2
(2)What is meant by lens power? Which is the SI unit of Power? Calculate
the power of a concave lens with a focal length of 25 cm?
Answer: The power of a lens is defined as the reciprocal of the focal length of
the lens.SI unit diopter of power
In the given question the focus distance is given in centimeters so to see
the power, P= 100 =−4 D
−25
12. Atmospheric refraction
(1)Do the stars really shine? Why?
Answer: The stars do not actually twinkle, it seems to be due to the refraction
of the atmosphere.
(2)Do planets produce energy on their own like stars?

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Answer:No, we see the light coming from the sun after reflect the planets.
(3) Why do the stars seem to twinkle at night?
Answer: When light from a distant star passes through different layers of the
atmosphere, each layer of the atmosphere has a different refractive index, which
causes it to refract continuously. Because the stars are so far away, it feels like a point
source. When the light rays from it reach the eye after refraction, it looks like it is
coming from many other points. This is the reason for the star's glow.
(4) How does the atmosphere differ in its intensity of light when it is
heated?
Answer:The light intensity decreases

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Aneesh Nilambur 9562091136 IGMMR School Nilambur

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