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5 Structural Scheme

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32 views

5 Structural Scheme

Uploaded by

Adnan Bajwa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DESIGN OF STRUCTURES

CE 01526

STRUCTURAL
SCHEME
INTRODUCTION
Structural scheme means the decision about placement and spacing of
columns, position of main beams, location of secondary beams and
position of expansion and contraction joints giving the maximum
economy and structural efficiency. This scheme is to be decided based
on the architectural scheme and operational use of the building.

Following points must be kept in mind while finalizing the structural


scheme:

1. The column spacing should not be too less to give a congested plan.
It is to be remembered that larger number of columns may even
increase the structural cost. The minimum spacing of columns is
generally taken as 3 .0 m, unless the columns are hidden within the
walls. The maximum spacing is approximately 10 m, leaving
exceptionally larger unobstructed halls.
INTRODUCTION
2. The columns are placed as symmetrically as possible where these
are lying along two mutually perpendicular axes at almost a regular
spacing. The reference lines in one direction are marked by
alphabets while the reference lines in the other direction are
designated by numerals, as shown in Fig. 20.4. In this way, every
column may uniquely be designated by its alphabetic reference
combined with the numeral reference.
INTRODUCTION
3. Primary beams usually run on all columns along the two
perpendicular directions.
4. Secondary beams are sometimes provided such that the slab panels
become sufficiently smaller to get a preferable depth of solid slab
not exceeding about 150 mm. However, in some cases, we may go
up to a depth of 175 to 200 mm.
5. Expansion joints must be provided at a spacing of 30 to 50 m and
preferably at all changes in the geometry of the structure. For
example, in case of L, I or T-shaped building, these are to be
provided at every junction of various arms of the building. These
joints must be accommodated at reasonable locations within the
plan, such as ends of various portions or blocks of the building.
At an expansion joint, the two sides of the building must be fully
divided into separate parts with no connection in between; the only
exception to this may be the foundation. Due to temperature
changes, the structure may expand or contract at these joints. The
building must have separate columns and beams at each side of
joint, as shown in Fig. 20.5.
INTRODUCTION

The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for reinforced concrete


(α) is approximately 9 .9 x 10-6 per °C. The maximum change of
temperature throughout the year may be taken as 40 °C, although
the protected concrete may have lesser temperature variation. For
30m and 50m lengths of the building, the corresponding change in
lengths become 12mm and 20mm, respectively. Hence, the gap for
the expansion joint should be 10 to 25 mm with more value adopted
for construction in summer and less value for construction in winter.
INTRODUCTION
The gap for the expansion joint within the slab must be properly
sealed against the water penetration, yet it should allow free
movement of the structure. The materials used for filling this joint
are usually bitumen and cork or asphaltic mixes with other
compressible materials. The visible surfaces of these joints at floor
.levels or at ceiling levels must be covered by flexible cover strips
to improve the appearance, to make the surface smooth and to
prevent the infiltration of water.
EXAMPLE 20.1
Make structural scheme for the building whose outline is shown in Fig.
20.6. The. dimensions in this figure are all inside values. Outer wall and
columns are 456 mm ,thick and no inside columns are to be provided.
Grade 280 steel is to be used.
SOLUTION

Fig. 20.7. One Possible Structural


Scheme for Example 20.1
EXAMPLE 20.2
Make structural scheme for the building of Fig. 20.8 where internal ·
dimensions are shown. Column spacing is not to be less than 11m along
the width of the building arm and 6m along the length. Secondary
beams are to be used for the building. Grade 280 steel is to be used for
the slab.
SOLUTION
If length of a slab panel is 6m, the other dimension, x, may be
calculated for a 125 mm thick two-way slab, as follows:

(6000 + x) x 2 / 180 = 125 x = 5250 mm


One possible structural scheme is shown in Fig. 20.9, assuming an
expansion joint spacing of 50 m ( which is on higher side).
SOLUTION
PROBLEM
Make structural scheme for the building of shown figure using
secondary beams, where internal dimensions are shown. Column
spacing is not to be less than 14m along the width of the building arm
and 10m along the length.

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