PH505 : Mid-Semester

Department of Physics ,IT Guwahati

Date: 21/09/23 Time: 2 hours
Full Marks: 40
1) Find the interplanar distances in the
lattices with respect tothe given primitivefamily
of lattice planr (hkl) in the
vectors:
following Bravais
(5
ä =~j+ ck- ai)., , =(-aj +ck +ai). ä,=~lj- ck +ai).
2) For the planes 1, 2. 3, 4. 5 and 6 given in the Fig 1, find out
the miller indices. Note
that the choice for the basis vector is given.

3) Consider the diamond structure as an FCC lattice with the basis in

(0,0,0) and ) .
Evaluate the structure factor of the basis for the diamond structure. Find out the(allowed
values for h, k, lor their combinations for the Bragg's peaks.

4) The first four lines occur at the Bragg angles 22.0°, 37.7°, 45.8° and 59.8° in the diffrac
tion pattern of X-rays from a powdered specimen of acubic crystal. Find the Miller indices
of the reflections and determine witha proper explanation the crystal type, i.e. whether i:
is SC/FCC/BCC/diamond/NaCl/CsCl or CaF2 etc. (6
5) Witedown the number and the type of the symmetry elements of the point group Sa:
For the given shape (triangular bipyramid) in Fig. 2a, determine the point gmmetry group
mentioning different symmetry elements (subgroups).
6) Consider the 2D triangular lattice shown in Fig. 2b which is a unit cell of a close-packed
lattice. If the magnitudes are given by la|= laz| = a, find out the following:
(a) Determine the primitive vector aj and az.
(b) Then, using the nearest-neighbor (interaction) approximation for a vibrating net of
point masses (each of mass M, C ’ spring constant), write down the equation of the
motion for the atom at the center. Hence,find out the dispersion relation w(k), where k is
the respective wave vector.

8)Consider acrystal with two ions per unit cell, of charge +e and -e. If we write down the
Dolarisation of the unit cell as P = Ar, where r, is the distance of separation between the
two ions while vibrating (longitudinal) and A is some constant. If the source of interaction
between the electron and the quanta of vibration (phonon) is coming from dipole moments
interacting with the gradient of the potential at r due to the electron at r¡. Show that the
electron phonon interaction Hamiltonian can be written as
Ae
H¡l-ph 4meo vNu V 2w glr - r3

where we have defined the phonon coordinates as Q(g) = aLa t ao). N is the
number of modes of vibration and =twith m+ are masses of the charged ions,
m

respectively.
Also, show that the above interaction term can further be simplified to 4)
Ae 1 h
H-ph = 4meo yNå V2w,
q

1
 3
2

10

Figure 1

(l,m+1)
(|-1m+1)

Y2

l+1,m)
(1-1,

(l+I,m-1)
(l,m-1)

(a) (b)
Figure 2
 PH505: End Semester Examination
Department of Physics , IIT Guwahati
Date: 22/11/23 Time: 3 hours Full Marks: 55

I. Consider a ferromagnetic system with N-spins (`) which are arranged periodically. For
such a system answer the following:
(a) Define the ground state configuration and write down the ground state eigen ket.
(b) Write down the field arising from the spins. Hence, calculate the associated energy o
the ground state configuration.
(C) Consider an excited state in which a particular spin, say the spin, is reversed,
excited
aSSüming all other spins to remain unaffected. Calculate the total energy in this
state.
B2. In such situation,
(d) Consider the system mentioned about in a magnetic field B = 2+3+3 +2)
find out the ground state energy.

2. In a ferromagnetic material, the magnetization M is obtained as

M= tanh
(B+ JqM)1
KgT
J strength of the spin
where B is the applied magnetic field, K¸ ’ Boltzman constant, following:
interactions and q is the number of nearest neighbour. Answer the
temperature To.
(a) From the given information find out an expression for the critical
the critical temperature
(b)Plot the variation of M with the temperature T and show that at
the magnetization M=()$.
KBTe
(c) Hence, find out an expression for the magnetic susceptibility x = OB B=0, does it follow
the Curie-Weiss law? |3 + 4 + 3)

the band theory of

3. (a) Briefly explain the tight binding approximation connected to
solids?
(b) Write down the Hamiltonian (H) describing the motion of an electron within a crystal.
Following the tight binding approximation, show that the expectation value of energy of an
given by
-orbial electron (attached to an atom at the lattice site R)with wave vector k is
Ymne'k.(Rn-Rm)
E(k) = (a|Hk) = Eo-B- )
m,n(m#n)

mn.
Where the energy of an -orbital electron in an atom is given by Eoe, define B and
interactions,
(c) Write down E(k) considering only the 1 nearest neighbour
cubic (bcc) with the
(d) Define the lattice vectors of the primitive cell of a body centered
be written as
edges of length 2a. Hence, show that the dispersion relation can
E(k) = Eoe- B- 8 cos(kya) cos(k,a) cos(k,a),
interactions. Using this result,
where is the m.n defined for the 1 nearest neighbour
and the edges of
calculate the band width and the constant energy surfaces near the center
the 1st Brillouin zone. Also, find out the effective masses in both these regions.
|1 + 5 +1+8]
4. For the direct lattice vector, aj = ai, az =7it3j), find out the 19 and 22nd Brillouin
zones (proper calculation or explanation is required with adrawing). 5)
5. The vector potential of a uniform magnetic field B = B|is A = (0, Ba, 0). In such a
ffeld, write down the Schroedinger equation of motion of an electron (you can drop the spin).
Show with an explanation that a trial solution of the form r) =eyWekzo(c) is possible
for the equation obtained above. Hence, find out the coIresponding energy eigenvalues
(A detail calculation for the energy eigen values is not required, you may use the known
results. ). Plot the energy bands and explain your findings. [5]
influence of an oscillating
6. The equation of motion of an electron in a material under the
electric field E(t) = Egeit and the static magnetic field B=B2:
do 1
m
dt
+ )= -e(E(t) + -7x B).
Te

the equation of motion

Consider a metal with aconcentration n of free electrons. Using
densities:
defined above, derive the following expressions for the current
Jy = OyzEy + Oyy Ey; Ee)
J =Orr bg t Ory Ey
iup
where Ory = -Oyr = m2 and Crr *Oyy F T
with Wp Anne and we eB
mC
(cyclotron fre
quency). You can assume w 1/Te and w>> we to derive the above relations.
with the energy of the one-, twO- and
7. Compare the variation of the density of states
expect to see
three-dimensional free electron gases. Comment on the results. Do you
these three types of free electron
different temperature variations of the specific heats of
required)? 5]
gases (answer intuitively, noderivation is