Programming

Programming In in
C C
Part-5
(Input Output Statements)

Input-Output MS-PowerPoint

Statements
By:
Ganesh Kumar Sethi
Assistant Professor
MM Modi College
Patiala

Ganesh K Sethi
 Input Output Statements
The main aim ofProgramming In C is to get some
writing any program
Part-5
desired output from it by giving some input to the
(Input Output Statements)
program.
 The program performs some processing on the data
and produces output
MS-PowerPoint
according to user’s
specifications.
By:
 All input/output operations are carried out through
Ganesh Kumar Sethi
Assistant Professor
C library functions, which can be linked to any
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program. These functions are collectively known as

standard I/O library functions.
 Input Output Statements
Programming
These functions are In C functions since
also called console
Part-5
mostly input data is given from a standard input
(Input Output Statements)
device i.e. keyboard and output data is displayed on a
standard output device i.e. monitor.
These functions are defined
MS-PowerPoint
in ‘stdio.h’ header file
which stands for standard input output header file.
By:
Ganesh Kumar Sethi
Assistant Professor
MM Modi College
Patiala

Ganesh K Sethi
 Input Output Statements
Programming In C
Unformatted I/OPart-5 Formatted I/O
(Input Output Statements)
No particular format Particular format

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Character I/O
String I/O
getchar() By: printf()
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getche() gets()
Assistant Professor scanf()
MM Modi College
Patiala puts()
getch()

putchar()
 Character Input -> getchar()
Programming
It is a part of standard C languageInI/OClibrary i.e.
<stdio.h>. Part-5
(Input Outputfrom
Statements)
It returns a single character a standard input
device i.e. a keyboard.
The typed character is MS-PowerPoint
echoed (visible) on the screen.
After typing the appropriate character, the user is
required toBy:press Enter key.
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The generalAssistant
syntax of using getchar function is
Professor
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character variable = getchar( ) ;
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Ganesh K Sethi
 Character Input -> getche()
This function alsoProgramming
returns a character In that
C has been
recently typed. Part-5
The character is(Input
also echoed
Output on the screen,
Statements)
But it is not required to press Enter key after typing
the character.
MS-PowerPoint
The syntax of using getche( ) is same as getchar( ).
The generalBy:syntax of using getchar function is
character variable = getche( ) ;
Ganesh Kumar Sethi
Assistant Professor
MM Modi College
Patiala

Ganesh K Sethi
 Character Input -> getch()
This function alsoProgramming
returns a character In that
C has been
recently typed. Part-5
But here, user (Input Output Statements)
is not required to press the Enter key
and the character being typed is not echoed on the
screen. MS-PowerPoint
The syntax of using getch( ) function is same as
getchar( ) and
By: getche( ). This function is used to input
passwords Ganesh
for a system,
Kumar Sethi which have to be hidden for
Assistant Professor
security purposes.
MM Modi College
Patiala
The general syntax of using getchar function is
character variable = getch( ) ;
 Character Output -> putchar()
Programming
This function is used In C constant or a
to print a character
character variable to thePart-5
standard output device which
(Input Output
is generally computer monitor. Statements)
To use this function, <stdio.h> header file is to be
included in the program.
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Syntax is:
putchar(character
By: variable or constant)
Ganesh Kumar Sethi
Assistant Professor
MM Modi College
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Ganesh K Sethi
 Character Input/Output -Example
#include<stdio.h> Programming In C
main ( ) Part-5
{ (Input Output Statements)
char ch ;
printf (“Enter any character :”)
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ch = getchar( ) ;
printf (“\n Typed character is :”) ;
By:
putchar (ch) ; Kumar Sethi
Ganesh Note: We can also use
} Assistant Professor
MM Modi College
getch() or getche() in
Patiala
Output: Enter any character:B place of getchar().
Typed character is:B But working will be
different.
 String Input -> gets()
This function reads Programming
a string from the Inkeyboard.
C
Part-5 of characters stored
A string is defined as a collection
(Input Output Statements)
in consecutive memory locations.
The length of the string accepted by this function is
limited by the declaration of the string variable.
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The input string may consist of multiple words. The
input is completed
By: by pressing Enter key.
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Syntax is: Assistant Professor
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gets(string variable)
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Ganesh K Sethi
 String Output -> puts()
Programming
This function is used In Cconstant or a
to output a string
Part-5output device.
string variable to the standard
(Input Output Statements)
Syntax is:
puts(string variable or constant)
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By:
Ganesh Kumar Sethi
Assistant Professor
MM Modi College
Patiala

Ganesh K Sethi
 String Input/Output -Example
# include <stdio.h> Programming In C
main ( ) Part-5
{ (Input Output Statements)
char str [51] ;
puts (“\n Enter any string of length not more than 50 :”) ;
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gets (str) ;
puts (“\n Entered string is :”) ;
By:
puts (str) ;Ganesh Kumar Sethi
Assistant Professor
} MM Modi College
Enter any stringPatiala
of length not more than 50: MM Modi College
Entered string is: MM Modi College
 Formatted Input –scanf()
Input data can be enteredProgramming
into a computerIn C keyboard by
from
Part-5
means of a C library function scanf( ).
This function can be(Input
used toOutput
enter any combination of numerical
Statements)
values like int or float, characters or strings.

MS-PowerPoint

By:
Ganesh Kumar Sethi
Assistant Professor
MM Modi College
Patiala

Ganesh K Sethi
 Formatted Input –scanf()
Its syntax is Programming In C
Part-5
scanf (“format specifier”, &arg1, &arg2, …….,&argn) ;
(Input Output Statements)
where format specifier is a character string also known as
control string which contains conversion specifications (%d, %f,
%c etc.) describing the characteristics
MS-PowerPoint of the input data.

Here, arg1, arg2, ------ argn are the variables in which the
values are stored.
By: Every variable is preceded by an address
Ganesh Kumar Sethi
operator (&) except in Professor
Assistant case of string.
MM Modi College
For example if rollno is int
Patiala and percent is float then scanf() is
written like:
scanf(“%d %f”, &rollno, &percent);
Formatted Input –scanf()
Programming In C
Part-5
(Input Output Statements)

MS-PowerPoint

By:
Ganesh Kumar Sethi
Assistant Professor
MM Modi College
Patiala
 Formatted Output –printf()
Programming In C
This function can be used to output any combination of
Part-5
numerical values, single
(Inputcharacters and strings.
Output Statements)
It is similar to the input function scanf( ), except that its
purpose is to display data on computer screen.
MS-PowerPoint

By:
Ganesh Kumar Sethi
Assistant Professor
MM Modi College
Patiala

Ganesh K Sethi
 Formatted Output –printf()
Its syntax is Programming In C
printf(“format specifiers”, Part-5arg1, arg2, ……..,argn);
where format (Input Output
specifier Statements)
also known as control string
refers to a string that contains formatting information. Format
specifier tells how many arguments follow and what their types
are. The arguments arg1, arg2, arg3, ----argn are the variables
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whose values are formatted and printed according to the
specifications of the control string.
By:
Note that arguments in printf
Ganesh Kumar Sethi are not preceded by ‘&’ operator.
Assistant Professor
All the conversion characters
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Patiala
scanf( ) function are also valid for printf( ) function.
Formatted Input/Output -Example
main ( ) Programming In C
{ Part-5
int a ; (Input Output Statements)
float b ;
printf (“Enter values of a & b :”)
scanf (“%d % f “, &a, MS-PowerPoint
&b) ;
printf(“\n Value of a = %d \n Value of b = %f “, a, b) ;
} By:
Ganesh Kumar Sethi
Assistant Professor
MM Modi College
Enter Patiala
values of a & b: 10 20.4
Value of a = 10
Value of b = 20.4
 Character Input/Output -Example
main ( ) Programming In C
{ Part-5
int a ; (Input Output Statements)
float b ;
printf (“Enter values of a & b :”)
scanf (“%d % f “,MS-PowerPoint
&a, &b) ;
printf(“\n Value of a = %d \n Value of b = %f “, a,
b) ; By:

} Youtube.com/c/GaneshSethi
Ganesh Kumar Sethi
Assistant Professor
MM Modi College
EnterPatiala
values of a & b: 10 20.4
Value of a = 10
Value of b = 20.4