Qinghai

Qinghai[a] is an inland province in Northwestern China. It is the largest province of China (excluding
autonomous regions) by area and has the third smallest population. Its capital and largest city is Xining.

Qinghai borders Gansu on the northeast, Xinjiang on Qinghai

the northwest, Sichuan on the southeast and the Tibet ⻘海
Autonomous Region on the southwest. Qinghai province
Province
was established in 1928 during the period of the
Republic of China, and until 1949 was ruled by Chinese Province of Qinghai

Muslim warlords known as the Ma clique. The Chinese Name transcription(s)

name "Qinghai" is after Qinghai Lake, the largest lake in
• Chinese ⻘海省 (Qīnghǎi Shěng)
China. The lake is known as Tso ngon in Tibetan, and as
• Abbreviation QH / ⻘ (pinyin: Qīng)
Kokonor Lake in English, derived from the Mongol Oirat
name for Qinghai Lake. Both Tso ngon and Kokonor are
names found in historic documents to describe the
region.[7]

Located mostly on the Tibetan Plateau, the province is

inhabited by a number of peoples including the Han
(concentrated in the provincial capital of Xining, nearby
Haidong, and Haixi), Tibetans, Hui, Mongols, Monguors,
and Salars. According to the 2021 census reports,
Tibetans constitute a fifth of the population of Qinghai
and the Hui compose roughly a sixth of the population.
There are over 37 recognized ethnic groups among
Qinghai's population of 5.6 million, with national
minorities making up a total of 49.5% of the population.

The area of Qinghai came under the control of the

Manchu-led Qing Dynasty around 1724, after their
defeat of Khoshut Mongols who previously controlled
Clockwise from the top:
most of the area. After the Xinhai Revolution and the Hoh Xil · Downtown Xining · Lijiaxia Reservoir ·
ensuing fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912, Qinghai came Kumbum Monastery · Chaka Salt Lake

under Chinese Muslim warlord Ma Qi's control until the

Northern Expedition by the Republic of China
consolidated central control in 1928. In the same year,
the province of Qinghai was established by the
Nationalist Government, with Xining as its capital.[8][9]
[10]

History

During the Bronze Age, Qinghai was home to a diverse

group of nomadic tribes closely related to other Central Map showing the location of Qinghai Province
Asians who traditionally made a living in agriculture and Coordinates: 35°N 96°E (https://geohack.toolforge.o
husbandry, the Kayue culture. The eastern part of the rg/geohack.php?pagename=Qinghai&params=35_N_
area of Qinghai was under the control of the Han 96_E_type:adm1st_region:CN)
Country China
dynasty about 2,000 years ago. It was a battleground
during the Tang and subsequent Central Plain dynasties Named for Derived from the name
of Qinghai Lake
when they fought against successive Tibetan tribes.[11] ("blue/green lake").

Capital Xining
In the middle of 3rd century CE, nomadic people related (and largest city)
to the Mongolic Xianbei migrated to pasture lands
Divisions
around the Qinghai Lake (Koko Nur) and established the - Prefecture-level 8 prefectures
Tuyuhun Kingdom. - County-level 44 counties
- Township- 404 towns and
level subdistricts
In the 7th century, the Tuyuhun Kingdom was attacked
Government
by both the Tibetan Empire and the Tang dynasty as
both sought control over the Silk Road trade routes. • Body Qinghai Provincial
People's Congress
Tibetan King Songtsen Gampo was victorious, and
settled the area around Tso ngon (Lake Go, or Kokonor • Party Secretary Wu Xiaojun

Lake).[12] Military conflicts had severely weakened the • Congress Chairman Chen Gang (titular)
Tuyuhun kingdom and it was incorporated into the • Governor Luo Dongchuan (acting)
Tibetan Empire. The Tibetan Empire continued
• Provincial CPPCC Gönbo Zhaxi
expanding beyond Tso ngon during Trisong Detsen's Chairman
and Ralpacan's reigns, and the empire controlled vast
• National People's 24 deputies
areas north and east of Tso ngon until 848,[13] which Congress
Representation
included Xi'an.
Area[1]
During the fragmentation of the Tibetan Empire, a
• Total 720,000 km2
series of local polities emerged under the political (280,000 sq mi)
jostling of Western Xia to the north and Song dynasty to
• Rank 4th
the east -- from the military-rule of Guiyi Circuit, to a
Highest elevation 6,860 m (22,510 ft)
Tibetan tribal confederacy, and eventually the Tibetan
(Bukadaban Feng)
theocratic kingdom of Tsongkha. The Song dynasty
Population (2020)[2]
eventually defeated the Kokonor kingdom Tsongkha in
the 1070s.[14] During the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty's • Total 5,923,957

administrative rule of Tibet, the region comprised the • Rank 31st

headwaters of the Ma chu (Machu River, Yellow River)
• Density 8.2/km2 (21/sq mi)
and the Yalong (Yangtze) rivers and was known as
• Rank 30th
Amdo, but apportioned to different administrative
divisions than Tibet proper.[15] Demographics

• Ethnic composition Han – 54%

Most of Qinghai was, for a short time in the aftermath Tibetan – 21%
of the Yuan dynasty's overthrow, under the control of Hui – 16%
Tu – 4%
early Ming dynasty, but later gradually lost to the Mongol – 1.8%
Salar – 1.8%
Khoshut Khanate founded by the Oirats. The Xunhua
Salar Autonomous County is where most Salar people • Languages and Zhongyuan Mandarin
dialects Chinese, Amdo Tibetan,
live in Qinghai. The Salars migrated to Qinghai from Monguor, Oirat
Samarkand in 1370.[16] The chief of the four upper clans Mongolian, Salar and
Western Yugur
around this time was Han Pao-yuan and Ming granted
him office of centurion, it was at this time the people of GDP (2023)[3]

his four clans took Han as their surname.[17] The other • Total CN¥ 379,906 million
chief Han Shan-pa of the four lower Salar clans got the (30th)
same office from Ming, and his clans were the ones US$ 53,913 million
• Per capita CN¥ 63,903 (24th)
who took Ma as their surname.[18] US$ 9,069

From 1640 to 1724, a big part of the area that is now ISO 3166 code CN-QH

Qinghai was under Khoshut Mongol control, but in 1724 HDI (2022) 0.719[4] (30th) – high
it was conquered by the armies of the Qing dynasty.[19]
Website www.qh.gov.cn (http://w
Xining, the capital of modern Qinghai province, began ww.qh.gov.cn/) (in
Chinese)
to function as the administrative center, although the
city itself was then part of Gansu province within the
"Tibetan frontier district".[20][21] In 1724, 13-Article for the Effective Qinghai

Governing of Qinghai (Chinese:⻘海善后事宜⼗三条) was proposed by

Nian Gengyao and adopted by the Central Government to gain full
control of Qinghai. "Qinghai" in Chinese characters

Under the Qing dynasty, the governor was a viceroy of the Emperor, Chinese name
but local ethnic groups enjoyed significant autonomy. Many chiefs
Chinese ⻘海
retained their traditional authority, participating in local administrations.
[22]
The Dungan Revolt (1862–1877) devastated the Hui Muslim Postal Tsinghai
population of Shaanxi, shifting the Hui center of population to Gansu
Literal meaning "Qinghai
and Qinghai.[23]: 405 Another Dungan Revolt broke out in Qinghai in
(Lake)"
1895 when various Muslim ethnic groups in Qinghai and Gansu rebelled
against the Qing. Following the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in 1911, Transcriptions [show]
the region came under Chinese Muslim warlord Ma Qi control until the
Northern Expedition by the Republic of China consolidated central Tibetan name
control in 1928.
Tibetan མཚ#་%&ན།
In July–August 1912, General Ma Fuxiang was "Acting Chief Executive
Officer of Kokonur" (de facto Governor of the region that later became Transcriptions [show]

Qinghai).[24] In 1928, Qinghai province was created. The Muslim

Mongolian name
warlord and General Ma Qi became military governor of Qinghai,
followed by his brother Ma Lin and then Ma Qi's son Ma Bufang. In Mongolian Хөхнуур
1932 Tibet invaded Qinghai, attempting to capture southern parts of Cyrillic

Qinghai province, following contention in Yushu, Qinghai, over a

!"
ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ

Mongolian
monastery in 1932. The army of Ma Bufang defeated the Tibetan script
armies. Governor of Qinghai Ma Bufang was described as a socialist by
American journalist John Roderick and friendly compared to the other Transcriptions [show]
[25]
Ma Clique warlords. Ma Bufang was reported to be good humoured
and jovial in contrast to the brutal reign of Ma Hongkui.[26] Most of Manchu name

eastern China was ravaged by the Second Sino-Japanese War and the
()
ᠨᠣᠣᡵ

Manchu script
Chinese Civil War, by contrast, Qinghai was relatively untouched.

Ma Bufang increased the prominence of the Hui and Salar people in Romanization Huhu Noor

Qinghai's politics by heavily recruiting to his army from the counties in

Oirat name
which those ethnic groups predominated.[27] General Ma started a
state run and controlled industrialization project, directly creating Oirat Kokonur

educational, medical, agricultural, and sanitation projects, run or

assisted by the state. The state provided money for food and uniforms in all schools, state run or private.
Roads and a theater were constructed. The state controlled all the
press, no freedom was allowed for independent journalists.[28] This article contains Mongolian
script. Without proper rendering
support, you may see question marks,
As the 1949 Chinese revolution approached Qinghai, Ma Bufang boxes, or other symbols instead of
abandoned his post and flew to Hong Kong, traveling abroad but text in Mongolian script.

never returning to China. On January 1, 1950, the Qinghai Province People's Government was declared, owing
its allegiance to the new People's Republic of China. Aside from some minor adjustments to suit the
geography, the PRC maintained the province's territorial integrity.[29] Resistance to Communist rule continued
in the form of the Huis' Kuomintang Islamic insurgency (1950–58), spreading past traditionally Hui areas to the
ethnic-Tibetan south. [23]: 408 Although the Hui composed 15.6% of Qinghai's population in 1949, making the
province the second-largest concentration of Hui after Ningxia, the state denied the Hui ethnic autonomous
townships and counties that their numbers warranted under Chinese law until the 1980s.[23]: 411

The Khoshut Khanate (1642–1717) Chiang Kai-shek, leader of Nationalist

based in the Tibetan Plateau China (right), meets with the Muslim
generals Ma Bufang (second from
left), and Ma Buqing (first from left) in
Xining, Qinghai, in August 1942

Geography

Qinghai is located on the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. By area, it is the largest province in the
People's Republic of China (excluding the autonomous regions).

The Yellow River originates in the southern part of the province, while the Yangtze and Mekong have their
sources in the southwestern part. Qinghai is separated by the Riyue Mountain into pastoral and agricultural
zones in the west and east.[30]

The Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve is located in Qinghai and contains the headwaters of the Yellow
River, Yangtze River, and Mekong River. The reserve was established to protect the headwaters of these three
rivers and consists of 18 subareas, each containing three zones which are managed with differing degrees of
strictness.

Qinghai Lake is the largest salt water lake in China, and the second largest in the world. Other large lakes are
Lake Hala in the Qilian mountains, lakes Gyaring and Ngoring in the headwater region of the Yellow River, Lake
Donggi Cona, and many saline and salt lakes in the western part of the province.

The Qaidam basin lies in the northwest part of the province at an altitude between 3000 and 5000 meters
above sea level. About a third of this resource rich basin is desert.
 Nyenpo Yurtse, Jigzhi County, Qinghai Riyue Mountain in Qinghai

Climate

The average elevation of Qinghai is approximately 3000 m.[31] Mountain ranges include the Tanggula
Mountains and Kunlun Mountains, with the highest point being Bukadaban Feng at 6860 m.[32] Due to the high
altitude, Qinghai has quite cold winters (harsh in the highest elevations), mild summers, and a large diurnal
temperature variation. Its mean annual temperature is approximately −5 to 8 °C (23 to 46 °F), with January
temperatures ranging from −18 to −7 °C (0 to 19 °F) and July temperatures ranging from 15 to 21 °C (59 to
70 °F). It is also prone to heavy winds as well as sandstorms from February to April. Significant rainfall occurs
mainly in summer, while precipitation is very low in winter and spring, and is generally low enough to keep
much of the province semi-arid or arid.

Politics

The Politics of Qinghai Province in the People's Republic of China are structured in a one party-government
system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.

The Governor of Qinghai (⻘海省省⻓) is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Qinghai.
However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the
Qinghai Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary (⻘海省委书记), colloquially termed the "Qinghai Party
Chief".

Administrative divisions

Because the Han form Qinghai's ethnic majority[30] and because none of its many ethnic minorities have clear
dominance over the rest, the province is not administered as an autonomous region. Instead, the province has
many ethnic autonomous areas at the district and county levels.[27] Qinghai is administratively divided into
eight prefecture-level divisions: two prefecture-level cities and six autonomous prefectures:
 Administrative divisions of Qinghai

Haibei
Tibetan AP

Haixi
Mongol and Tibetan AP
Xining

Haidong

Hainan
Tibetan AP

Huangnan
Tibetan AP

Yushu Guoluo (Golog)

(Haixi) Tibetan AP Tibetan AP

Divisions[36]
Division Area in Population
Division Seat Aut. CL
code[33] km2[34] 2010[35] Districts Counties
counties cities

630000 Qinghai Province 720,000.00 5,626,723 Xining city 7 25 7 5

Chengzhong
630100 Xining city 7,424.11 2,208,708 5 1 1
District

630200 Haidong city 13,043.99 1,396,845 Ledu District 2 4

Haibei Tibetan Autonomous

632200 33,349.99 273,304 Haiyan County 3 1
Prefecture

Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous

632300 17,908.89 256,716 Tongren city 2 1 1
Prefecture

Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Gonghe

632500 43,377.11 441,691 5
Prefecture County

Golog Tibetan Autonomous

632600 76,442.38 181,682 Maqên County 6
Prefecture

Yushu Tibetan Autonomous

632700 197,953.70 378,439 Yushu city 5 1
Prefecture

Haixi Mongol and Tibetan

632800 300,854.48 489,338 Delingha city 3 3
Autonomous Prefecture
 Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations

English Chinese Pinyin

Qinghai Province ⻘海省 Qīnghǎi Shěng

Xining city ⻄宁市 Xīníng Shì

Haidong city 海东市 Hǎidōng Shì

Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 海北藏族⾃治州 Hǎiběi Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu

Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture ⻩南藏族⾃治州 Huángnán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu

Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 海南藏族⾃治州 Hǎinán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu

Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 果洛藏族⾃治州 Guǒluò Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu

Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture ⽟树藏族⾃治州 Yùshù Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu

Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 海⻄蒙古族藏族⾃治州 Hǎixī Měnggǔzú Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu

The eight prefecture-level divisions of Qinghai are subdivided into 44 county-level divisions (6 districts, 4
county-level cities, 27 counties and 7 autonomous counties).

Urban areas

Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities

# Cities 2020 Urban area[37] 2010 Urban area[38] 2020 City proper

1 Xining 1,677,177 1,153,417 2,467,965

[b]
2 Haidong 204,784 1,358,471

3 Golmud 197,153 156,779 part of Haixi Prefecture

[c]
4 Yushu 85,497 part of Yushu Prefecture

5 Delingha 65,424 54,844 part of Haixi Prefecture

(6) Tongren 49,962[d] part of Huangnan Prefecture

[e]
7 Mangnai 18,856 part of Haixi Prefecture

a. /tʃɪŋˈhaɪ/ ching-HY;[5] Chinese: ⻘海, IPA: [tɕʰíŋ.xàɪ] ; alternately romanized as Tsinghai or Chinghai)[6]

b. Haidong Prefecture is currently known as Haidong PLC after 2010 census; Ledu County & Ping'an County is
currently known as Ledu & Ping'an (core districts of Haidong) after 2010 census.

c. Yushu County is currently known as Yushu CLC after 2010 census.

d. Tongren County is currently known as Tongren CLC after 2020 census.

e. Mangnai Administrative Zone & Lenghu Administrative Zone County is currently known as Mangnai CLC after
2010 census.

Population

Demographics

Ethnicity

There are over 37 recognized ethnic groups among Qinghai's population of 5.6 million, with Han population
standing at 50.5% of the total population and national minorities making up 49.5% of the population.[49] In
2010, Tibetan population stood at 20.7%, Hui 16%, Tu (Monguor) 4%, with also
Historical population
some groups of Mongol, and Salar, all of those groups being the most
Year Pop. ±%
populous in the province. Han Chinese predominate in the cities of Xining,
Haidong, Delingha and Golmud, and elsewhere in the northeast. The Hui are 1912[39] 368,000 —
[40]
concentrated in Xining, Haidong, Minhe County, Hualong County, and Datong 1928 619,000 +68.2%

County. The Tu people predominate in Huzhu County and the Salars in Xunhua
1936–
County; Tibetans and Mongols are sparsely distributed across the rural 1,196,000 +93.2%
37[41]
[27]
western part of the province. Of the Muslim ethnic groups in China, Qinghai
1947[42] 1,308,000 +9.4%
[16]
has communities of Hui, Salar, Dongxiang, and Bao'an. The Hui dominate [43]
1954 1,676,534 +28.2%
the wholesale business in Qinghai.[50] [44]
1964 2,145,604 +28.0%
[45]
1982 3,895,706 +81.6%
[46]
Religion 1990 4,456,946 +14.4%
[47]
2000 4,822,963 +8.2%
2010[48] 5,626,722 +16.7%
2020 5,923,957 +5.3%

Religion in Qinghai (2000s)

Buddhism, Chinese folk religions
(including Taoism), Bön and non-
religious population (81.73%)
Islam[51] (17.51%)
Christianity[52] (0.76%)

The Dongguan Mosque in Qinghai

The predominant religions in Qinghai are Chinese folk religions (including Taoist traditions and Confucianism)
and Chinese Buddhism among the Han Chinese. The large Tibetan population practices Tibetan schools of
Buddhism or traditional Tibetan Bön religion, while the Hui Chinese practice Islam. Christianity is the religion of
0.76% of the province's population according to the Chinese General Social Survey of 2004.[52] According to a
survey of 2010, 17.51% of the population of Qinghai follow Islam.[51]

From September 1848, the city was the seat of a short-lived Latin Catholic Apostolic Vicariate (pre-diocesan
missionary jurisdiction) of Kokonur (alias Khouhkou-noor, Kokonoor), but it was suppressed in 1861. No
incumbent(s) recorded.[53]
 A Taoist temple dedicated to A Buddhist temple on Riyue Mosques and Chinese folk temples
Jiutian Xuannü on Mount Mountain, in Huangyuan County, characterising the skyline of
Fenghuang, in Lunmalong village, Xining Huangyuan County
Duoba, Xining

Rongwo Tibetan Buddhist Great Mosque of

Monastery in Tongren County Duoba, Xining

Culture

Qinghai has been influenced by interactions "between Mongol and Tibetan culture, north to south, and Han
Chinese and Inner Asia Muslim culture, east to west".[27] The languages of Qinghai have for centuries formed a
Sprachbund, with Zhongyuan Mandarin, Amdo Tibetan, Salar, Yugur, and Monguor borrowing from and
influencing one another.[54] In mainstream Chinese culture, Qinghai is most associated with the Tale of King
Mu, Son of Heaven. According to this legend, King Mu of Zhou (r. 976–922 BCE) pursued hostile Quanrong
nomads to eastern Qinghai, where the goddess Xi Wangmu threw the king a banquet in the Kunlun Mountains.
[55]

The main religions in Qinghai are Tibetan Buddhism, Islam and Chinese Folk Religions. The Dongguan Mosque
has been continuously operating since 1380.[23]: 402 Measures of education in Qinghai are low, particularly
among the ethnic minorities.[27] The yak, which is native to Qinghai, is widely used in the province for
transportation and its meat.[30] The Mongols of Qinghai celebrate the Naadam festival on the Qaidam Basin
every year.[56]

Economy

Oil well in Tsaidam (Qaidam), Qinghai

Qinghai's economy is amongst the smallest in China. Its nominal GDP in 2022 was just RMB 361 billion (US$50
billion) and contributes to about 0.30% of the entire country's economy. Per capita GDP was RMB 60,724
(US$9,028) (nominal), the 24th in China.[57]

Its heavy industry includes iron and steel production, located near its capital city of Xining. Oil and natural gas
from the Qaidam Basin have also been an important contributor to the economy.[58] Salt works operate at
many of the province's numerous salt lakes.

Outside of the provincial capital, Xining, most of Qinghai remains underdeveloped. Qinghai ranks second
lowest in China in terms of highway length, and will require a significant expansion of its infrastructure to
capitalize on the economic potential of its rich natural resources.[58]

Economic and technological development zone

Xining Economic & Technological Development Zone (XETDZ) was approved as state-level development zone
in July 2000. It has a planned area of 4.4 km2. XETDZ lies in the east of Xining, 5 km from the city centre.
Xining is located in the east of the province at the upper reaches of the Huangshui River, one of the Yellow
River's branches. The city is surrounded by mountains with an average elevation of 2261 m, the highest at
4393 m. XETDZ is the first of its kind at the national level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is established to
fulfill the nation's strategy of developing the west.

XETDZ enjoys a convenient transportation system, connected by the Xining-Lanzhou expressway and running
through by two main roads, the broadest in the city. It is 4 km from the railway station, 15 km from Xi'ning
Airport—a grade 4D airport with 14 airlines to cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Chengdu and Xi'an.
Xining is Qinghai province's passage to the outside world, a transportation hub with more than ten highways,
over 100 roads and two railways, Lanzhou-Qinghai and Qinghai-Tibet Railways in and out of the city.

It focuses on the development of following industries: chemicals based on salt lake resources, nonferrous
metals, and petroleum and natural gas processing; special medicine, foods and bio-chemicals using local
plateau animals and plants; new products involving ecological and environmental protection, high technology,
new materials as well as information technology; and services such as logistics, banking, real estate, tourism,
hotel, catering, agency and international trade.[59]

Tourism

View of the Qinghai Lake.

Many tourist attractions center on Xining, the provincial seat of Qinghai.

During the hot summer months, many tourists from the hot southern and eastern parts of China travel to
Xining, as the climate of Xining in July and August is quite mild and comfortable, making the city an ideal
summer retreat.

Qinghai Lake (⻘海湖; qīnghǎi hú) is another tourist attraction, albeit further from Xining than Kumbum
Monastery (Ta'er Si). The lake is the largest saltwater lake in China, and is also located on the "Roof of the
World", the Tibetan Plateau. The lake itself lies at 3,600 m elevation. The surrounding area is made up of rolling
grasslands and populated by ethnic Tibetans. Most pre-arranged tours stop at Bird Island (⻦岛; niǎo dǎo). An
international bicycle race takes place annually from Xining to Qinghai Lake.

Transportation

China National Highway 109 in Qinghai

The Lanqing Railway, running between Lanzhou, Gansu and Xining, the province's capital, was completed in
1959 and is the major transportation route in and out of the province. A continuation of the line, the Qinghai-
Tibet Railway via Golmud and western Qinghai, has become one of the most ambitious projects in PRC history.
It was completed in October 2005 and now links Tibet with the rest of China through Qinghai.

Construction on the Golmud–Dunhuang Railway, in the province's northwestern part, started in 2012.

Six National Highways run through the province.

Xining Caojiabao International Airport provides service to Beijing, Lanzhou, Golmud and Delingha. Smaller
regional airports, Delingha Airport, Golog Maqin Airport, Huatugou Airport, Qilian Airport and Yushu Batang
Airport, serve the province's smaller communities; plans exist for the construction of three more by 2020.[60]

Telecommunications

Since the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology began its "Access to Telephones Project", Qinghai
has invested 640 million yuan to provide telephone access to 3,860 out of its 4,133 administrative villages. At
the end of 2006, 299 towns had received Internet access. However, 6.6 percent of villages in the region still
have no access to the telephone. These villages are mainly scattered in Qingnan Area, with 90 percent of them
located in Yushu and Guoluo. The average altitude of these areas exceeds 3600 meters, and the poor natural
conditions hamper the establishment of telecommunications facilities in the region.

Satellite phones have been provided to 186 remote villages in Qinghai Province as of September 14, 2007. The
areas benefited were Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.
Qinghai has recently been provided with satellite telephone access. In June 2007, China Satcom carried out an
in-depth survey in Yushu and Guoluo, and made a special satellite phones for these areas. Two phones were
provided to each village for free, and calls were charged at the rate of 0.2 RMB (about a quarter of a US cent at
that time) per minute for both local and national calls, with the extra charges assumed by China Satcom. No
monthly rent was charged on the satellite phone. International calls were also available.
Colleges and universities

Qinghai University (⻘海⼤学)

Qinghai Normal University (⻘海师范⼤学)

Qinghai University for Nationalities (⻘海⺠族⼤学)

Qinghai Medical College (⻘海医学院)

Qinghai Radio & Television University (⻘海⼴播电视⼤学)

See also

2010 Yushu earthquake

Amdo

Geladandong

Haplogroup D-M15 (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup O3 (Y-DNA)

Iris qinghainica (native plant of Qinghai)

Major national historical and cultural sites in Qinghai

Tectonic summary of Qinghai

Notes

References

Citations

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6_92_366.aspx) . Qinghai Province Department of Commerce. Archived from the original (http://www.qhcom.g
ov.cn/articleinfo/detail_16_92_366.aspx) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2013.

2. "Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)" (http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressReleas

e/202105/t20210510_1817188.html) . National Bureau of Statistics of China. 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May
2021.

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