Act,1.4.
1 Disease Prevention Through Vaccination
Links to an external site.
1. Read the Goals and Resources.
2. Look up the following terms and describe them: (8pt) Write this out
Active Immunity: Immunity developed when the immune system is exposed to a pathogen
and generates a defense, such as through natural infection or vaccination.
Natural Immunity: Immunity acquired after exposure to a disease-causing organism
during everyday life
Vaccine-induced or artificial Immunity: mmunity gained through the introduction of a
weakened or killed pathogen (or parts of it) via a vaccine to stimulate an immune response
Passive Immunity: Immunity transferred from one person to another, such as through
maternal antibodies in breast milk or via antibody-containing injections.
3. Go to Step #7 in Project Lead the Way. Select one of the vaccines from the list found on
Immunization Action Coalition(opens in a new tab)
Links to an external site.
Click on Vaccines A - Z on the left-hand side of the home page to get a list of vaccines.
Select one and CHECK WITH YOUR TEACHER to make sure it is available and then
complete the following:
Briefly research the following information about the vaccine that your teacher assigns to
you. (15pts) Write this out
Japanese Encaphalitis
● Name(s) of the disease(s) the vaccine is designed to prevent.
● Whether this vaccine targets a virus or bacterium.
● Brief description of the disease and a reason this vaccine is important.
● Description of how this disease is contracted.
● Description of whom this vaccination is for and how often it needs to be
administered.
Name(s) of Disease(s) Prevented
• Japanese Encephalitis (JE).
Target
• Virus.
Description of the Disease and Vaccine Importance
• JE is a viral brain infection spread through mosquito bites, leading to severe
inflammation, brain damage, and death. The vaccine is crucial for preventing
severe outcomes, especially in areas with high mosquito activity.
How the Disease is Contracted
• JE is transmitted to humans through bites from infected Culex mosquitoes,
which breed in rice paddies and stagnant water.
Who the Vaccine is For and Frequency
• Recommended for travelers to endemic regions, long-term residents, or
those participating in outdoor activities in these areas. A two-dose series is
generally administered, followed by a booster if necessary.
4. Answer the Reflection Question
Explain why the MMR and DTaP vaccines are administered multiple times over the course
of a child’s life. What does the term “booster shot” mean?
These vaccines are given in multiple doses to ensure long-lasting immunity. Initial doses
prime the immune system, while boosters reinforce and maintain the immune response. A
booster shot is an additional dose of a vaccine given after the initial series to “boost” the
immune response and maintain immunity.
5. Sue and her brother, Mike, are up to date with their common childhood vaccinations,
but Sue had not been vaccinated against bacterial meningitis before heading to college.
Judy has questions for the doctor before Sue and Mike receive the vaccine.Research
additional information about the bacterial meningitis vaccine.
List three to five reasons why teens should be vaccinated against this disease before going
off to college. (5pts) Write this out
● College dormitories increase close-contact transmission risk.
• Meningitis can cause severe complications, including brain damage and
death.
• Vaccination provides herd immunity, protecting others in the community.
• Some strains are resistant to antibiotics, making prevention crucial.
6. Go to and Read Ethical Scenario. Answer the following question:
Based on your current understanding of vaccines, do you think parents have a right to
decide whether or not to vaccinate their child? Explain your position. (5pts) Write this out
Parents should make informed decisions, but public health considerations may justify
requiring vaccines to prevent outbreaks and protect vulnerable populations.
7. Go to Part III Traveling Abroad. Your teacher will assign you a particular country where
Sue is interested in studying. Write the country at the top of the page. (Get your assigned
country from the teacher.)
Research the vaccinations required to travel to the country you are assigned. List each
vaccination Sue must have and include the following information about it: (15 pts) Write
this out
● Name(s) of the disease(s) the vaccine is designed to prevent. If there is a
common name for the disease, include it. Note whether this vaccine targets a
virus or bacterium.
● Brief description of the disease and a reason this vaccine is important.
● Reference to how this disease can be contracted.
● Description of whom this vaccination is for and how often it needs to be
administered.
Share your travel vaccination information with your class in a SLIDESHOW. (10pts)
Insert images of your SLIDESHOW below.
Vaccinations for Brazil
• Yellow Fever Vaccine
• Targets: Virus.
• Prevents Yellow Fever, which causes liver and kidney failure.
• Transmitted by Aedes or Haemagogus mosquitoes.
• Recommended for most travelers to Brazil; a single dose provides
lifelong protection.
• Typhoid Vaccine
• Targets: Bacterium Salmonella typhi.
• Prevents Typhoid Fever, causing high fever and intestinal damage.
• Spread through contaminated food/water.
• For travelers; booster needed every 2–5 years.
• Hepatitis A Vaccine
• Targets: Virus.
• Prevents Hepatitis A, causing liver inflammation.
• Transmitted through contaminated food/water.
• For all travelers; two doses for lifetime immunity.
8. Answer the CONCLUSION questions below.
1. Explain how vaccination could eradicate a disease such as smallpox. (2pts)
Write this out
Widespread vaccination leads to herd immunity, breaking the transmission
cycle and eventually eliminating the pathogen.
2. Using science you have learned in this unit, explain how doctors can determine
whether you will require an additional dose of a vaccine. (2pts) Write this out
HINT: Think back to your lab work in Lesson 1.
Doctors measure antibody levels or perform immunity tests to decide if a booster is
needed.
3. It is said that a vaccine does not prevent infection; rather it primes the immune
system to respond to an invader. Using information about human immune
response, explain this statement. Mention what happens in the body from the
time of vaccination through contact with the infectious agent. (2pts) Write this
out
Vaccines introduce antigens to the body, stimulating immune cells to create memory
cells. Upon encountering the pathogen later, the immune system responds quickly and
effectively, preventing severe illness.
4. Why do you think developing nations in Africa or Asia might report a high
number of deaths from diseases that can be controlled in the United States?
What factors prevent access to prevention and treatment? (2pts) Write this
out
Limited access to vaccines, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and poor sanitation
contribute to high disease incidence and mortality. Addressing these barriers requires
funding, education, and global partnerships.
