CHAPTER - Matter In Our Surroundings.

Sub Topic: 1 – Characteristics Properties of Matter

MCQ- 1 mark
1 The zig-zag movement of the solute particles in a solution is called
a) Linear motion. b) Circular motion.
c) Brownian motion. d) Curved motion.
Ans – c)
2 A few substances are arranged in the increasing order of ‘forces of attraction’ between the
particles. Which one of the following represents a correct arrangement?
a) Water, air, wind. b) Air, sugar, oil.
c) Oxygen, water, sugar. d) Salt, juice, air.
Ans – c)
3 Which of the following has the highest intermolecular forces of attraction?
a) Water at room temperature b) CO2 gas
c) Ethyl alcohol d) Iron metal
Ans – d)
4 We get the smell of hot food in the kitchen outside the house because of
a) Boiling. b) Evaporation.
c) Sublimation. d) Diffusion.
Ans – d)
5 Particles move randomly in
a) Water. b) Sugar.
c) Nitrogen. d) Dry ice.
Ans – c)
6 When we blow air into the balloon it inflates because
a) Air particles diffuse into the balloon. b) Air particles collide with the walls and
exert pressure.
c) Rubber is elastic in nature. d) Temperature of air in the balloon
increases.
Ans – b)
7 When we put some crystals of potassium permanganate in a beaker containing water, we observe
that after some time we observe that the whole water turns to pink. This is due to
a) Diffusion. b) Boiling.
c) Melting of potassium permanganate crystals. d) Sublimation of crystals.
Ans – a)
8 The kinetic energy of molecules is directly proportional to
a) Temperature. b) Pressure.
c) Both a) and b) d) Atmospheric Pressure.
Ans – a)
9 Which of the following statements is not true regarding the characteristics of matter?
a) Particles of matter are randomly b) The kinetic energy of the particles
moving in all directions. increases with the temperature rise.
c) The kinetic energy of the particles d) Particles of matter diffuse into each other
of all matter remains the same at a on their own.
particular temperature.
Ans – c)
10 The quantity of matter present in a matter is called its

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 a) Weight. b) Gram.
c) Mass. d) Density.
Ans – c)
11 When we add sugar to water, particles of sugar disappear because they
a) Are very small. b) Occupies the space between the water particles.
c) Are moving. d) All the above.
Ans – d)
12 Select the one that is not a matter.
a) Feeling hot. b) Humidity.
c) Smoke. d) Water.
Ans – a)
13. Which of the following is not correct?
a) Matter is made up of particles b) Particles of matter attract each other.
c) Particles of gases and liquids d) Particles of matter are always in a state of
are continuously moving. motion.
Ans – d)
14. Which of the following is correct?
a) The SI unit of temperature is Kelvin. b) The SI unit of temperature is joule.
c) The SI unit of temperature is d) The SI unit of temperature is Fahrenheit.
Celsius.
Ans – a)
15 The melting point of Iron, Aluminium, Copper and sulphur is found to be 1538 0C, 660 0C, 1085 0C
and 116 0C respectively. Which one of the following represents their melting points in Kelvin
scale?
a) 1811 K, 933 K, 1358 K, 389 K b) 1811 K, 933 K, 1853 K, 389 K
c) 1811 K, 1033 K, 1358 K, 389 K d) 1811 K, 933 K, 1358 K, 289 K
Ans – a)
16 Apurva uses perfume in his room. The fragrance of the perfume spreads throughout the house.
Which of the following explains the phenomenon?
a) Gas particles carry a specific odour. b) Gas particles move fast and spread
everywhere.
c) Gas particles are found everywhere d) Gas particles are closely packed.
in the air.
Ans – c)
17 According to Indian philosophers the matter consists of
a) Three constituents. b) Four constituents.
c) Six constituents. d) Five constituents.
Ans – d)
Assertion/ Reasoning- 1 mark
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
1 Assertion: Liquids diffuse less easily as compared to gases.
Reason: The intermolecular force of attraction is greater in gases.
Ans – C)
2 Assertion: The intermolecular force of attraction in a solid state is stronger than in a liquid state.
Reason: The space between the particles of matter is called intermolecular space.

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 Ans – B)
3 Assertion: Solids do not diffuse in air.
Reason: The particles are closely packed in the solids.
Ans – A)
4 Assertion: The kinetic energy of matter is due to its molecular motion.
Reason: The kinetic energy of matter increases with temperature.
Ans – B)
5 Assertion: A particle of gas intermixes with each other.
Reason: The intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own is called
diffusion.
Ans – B)
6 Assertion: A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container.
Reason: The rate of diffusion of gases is more than that of solids.
Ans – B)
7 Assertion: The melting point of ice in kelvin scale is 273 K
Reason: O 0 in Celsius is same as 273 in kelvin.
Ans – A)
Very Short Answers- 2 mark
1 What are the conditions for something to be called a matter?
The conditions are, “it should occupy space” and “it should have mass”.
2 Name the two processes which provide the best evidence for the motion of particles in matter.
Diffusion and Brownian motion.
3 Which single term is used to describe the mixing of copper sulphate and water kept in a beaker
on its own and what characteristics of matter is observed here?
Diffusion, the particles of matter are constantly moving.
4 When sugar is dissolved in water, there is no increase in the volume of water. Which
characteristics of matter is illustrated by this observation?
The particles of matter have spaces between them.
5 Few crystals of potassium permanganate can impart colour to a large volume of water. Which
characteristics of matter is illustrated by this observation?
We observe that each crystal of potassium permanganate must be millions of small particles and
the particles are very small in size.
6 It is observed that a piece of chalk breaks easily whereas it is not easy to break an iron nail.
Which characteristics of matter is illustrated by this observation?
The matter is made up of small particles which attract each other, and the attraction differs from
substance to substance. Chalk breaks easily on hammering, but iron cannot be broken, which
shows that the particles of iron attract each other with greater force.
7 Convert the following temperatures to the kelvin scale.
a) 388 0C b) 450 0C
Ans a) 661 K. b) 723 K
8 Convert the following temperatures to the Celsius scale.
a) 450 K b) 398 K
0 0
Ans a) 177 C. b) 125 C
9 State two factors which determine the rate of diffusion of a liquid in another liquid.
i) Temperature:
ii) Density of the liquid.
Short Answers- 3 mark
1 Rohan was studying diffusion and wondered whether gases diffuse faster or liquids. Help him to
understand with a clear reason.
Diffusion occurs more quickly in a gas than in a liquid because the space between the constituent

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 particles in gases is higher than in liquids. Thus, particles in gas possess higher kinetic energy and
move at higher speeds.
2 Define matter. Write down the characteristics of the particles that decide the following conditions
(i) rate of diffusion, and (ii) hardness.
Anything that has mass and occupies space is known as matter. the characteristics of the particles
that decide the following conditions (i) rate of diffusion – kinetic energy of the particles (ii)
hardness – interparticle force of attraction.
3 a) Explain the effect of temperature on the movement of particles of matter.
b) Why does the smell of food being cooked reach us from far away?
a) Effect of temperature: An increase in temperature increases the K.E of the particles and
vice-versa.
b) The smell of food being cooked reaches us from far away, as at high temperatures the K.E.
of the particles increases and they move more randomly to diffuse faster in the air.
4 What is the effect of the following on the rate of diffusion? Explain.
i) Change in temperature. ii) Density of liquid
i) The rate of diffusion increases with the increase in temperature. It is due to an
increase in the K.E. of the particles. And decreases with the decrease in the
temperature due to a decrease in the K.E. of the particles.
ii) The rate of diffusion is higher for a liquid having a lower density as a liquid having a
lower density will have less interparticle force of attraction and the particles would
have more K.E.
Long Answers- 5 mark
1 What is matter? Write four characteristics of the particles of matter.
Anything that occupies space and has mass is known as matter. The characteristics of matter are:
i) Particles of matter are tiny in size.
ii) Particles of matter attract each other.
iii) Particles of matter are continuously moving.
iv) Particles of matter have spaces between them.
2 Explain
a) When sugar crystals are dissolved in water, the level of water does not rise appreciably.
b) The particles of a matter are tiny in size with the help of an activity.
c) The smell of an unlit incense stick does not reach us at a distance, but the smell of a
lighted incense stick reaches us even if we are far.
a) Particles of sugar crystals occupy the space between the particles of water.
b) Activity
i) Take 2-3 crystals of copper sulphate and dissolve in 100 mL of water.
ii) Take out approximately 10 mL of this solution and put it into 90 mL of clear water.
iii) Take out 10 mL of this and put it into another 90 mL of clear water.
iv) Keep diluting.
c) This happens because when we light up the incense stick the heat will be produced. As
heat produces energy that energy will make the solid state a gaseous state and after that
due to the process of diffusion, we get a smell even when we are several meters away.
Case-Based- 4 mark
1 The molecules of a gas are free to move about in any direction. Because of large intermolecular
spaces, the gases are easily compressible. The kinetic energy of the molecules of gases is
maximum and they move about randomly at high-speed molecules hit against the sides of the
containing vessel. The pressure exerted by any gas is due to the force exerted by its molecules on
the sides of the containing vessel. The Kinetic energy of the gas is directly proportional to the

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 temperature.
a) A gas fills all the space in a container in which it is kept because.
i) The gases have large intermolecular ii) The molecules are not free to move.
spaces.
iii) The randomly moving molecules hit iv) The molecules have large
against the walls of the container. intermolecular forces of attraction.
b) Name and define the process through which we can get the smell of a perfume.
c) State and explain two factors on which the above process depends in the case of liquids.
a) Iii) The randomly moving molecules hit against the walls of the container.
b) By the process of diffusion, we can get the smell of the perfume. It is the process of
intermixing of particles on their own.
c) Two factors on which diffusion depends are:
i) Temperature: With the increase in temperature, the kinetic energy of the particles
increases and they diffuse faster.
ii) Density of the liquid: More is the density less is the kinetic energy of the particles of
liquid, hence slower will be the rate of diffusion.
Activity & Experiment based questions
1 Aim of the experiment: To show that matter is made up of particles.
Materials Required: A beaker, Water, glass rod, salt and spatula.
Procedure:
 Let us take a beaker with some water in it.
 Now let us add a spatula of salt to it.
 Now stir it well with a glass rod.
Based on the above activity answer the following question.
A) Upon dissolving a spoon of salt, we find that the salt disappears. What process is shown by
the particles here?
a) Diffusion. b) Evaporation.
c) Sublimation. d) Melting.
Ans a)
B) What characteristics of particles of matter could be observed here?
a) Interparticle force of attraction. b) Particles have space between them
c) Particles of matter are in continuous d) Particles of matter are very tiny.
motion.
i) Both a) & b) ii) Both b) & c)
iii) Both c) & d) iv) Only b).
Ans ii)
C) Assertion: Matter is made up of particles
Reason: The particles are ideal and stationary.
Ans C)
D) Why did the salt disappear?
The salt disintegrated to the particle size and the salt particles occupied the space between the
water particles.
E) Why was there no increase in the volume of the water upon adding salt to it?
Because the salt particles occupied the space between the particles, there was no rise in the
volume of the water.

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 2 Aim of the activity: To observe the characteristics of the particles of the
matter.
Materials required: a hammer, chalk, an iron nail, and a wooden block.
Procedure:
 Let us hit the chalk, the iron nail and the wooden block with the
hammer.
Based on the above activity answer the following question.
A) In the above activity, what characteristic of particles of the matter is displayed?
i) Particles of matter have space ii) Interparticle force of attraction
iii) Particles have kinetic energy iv) Matter is made up of particles.
Ans ii)
B) Arrange the following items based on the above characteristics in ascending order.
i) Chalk, iron, wood. ii) Chalk, wood, iron.
iii) Wood, iron, chalk. iv) Wood, chalk, iron.
Ans ii)
C) Assertion: The above characteristic of a matter describes the density of the matter.
Reason: The more the property shown more is the density.
Ans A)
D) Which of them would be difficult to break? Explain.
Iron nail would be difficult to break as the interparticle force of attraction is maximum.
E) Do you think the above property also matters in the process of dissolving? Explain.
Yes, the interparticle force of attraction also matters in the process of dissolving. More the
interparticle force of attraction between the particles of the solute slower it will dissolve.
Sub Topic: 2 – Different satte of matter.
MCQ- 1 mark
1 The property of flow is unique to fluids. Which one of the following statements is correct?
i) Only gases behave like fluids ii) Gases and solids behave like fluids
iii) Gases and liquids behave like fluids iv) Only liquids are fluids.
Ans iii)
2 Which of the following is not the characteristic of a solid?
i) High rigidity. ii) Regular shape.
iii) High density. iv) High compressibility.
Ans iv)
3 If a substance has definite shape and volume, it is most likely to be
i) Solid ii) Liquid
iii) Gas iv) Plasma
Ans i)
4 In all the three states of water, chemical composition of water is
i) Is very different ii) Remains the same
iii) Sometimes same iv) Sometimes different
Ans ii)
5 Which of the following is not the property of a gas?
i) Gases have a definite shape. ii) Rate of diffusion is higher.
iii) Gases have no definite volume. iv) Particles are in continuous motion.
Ans i)
6 A form of matter has no fixed shape but has a fixed volume. AN example of this form of matter is
i) Ice ii) Kerosene
iii) Carbon dioxide iv) Water vapour
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 Ans ii)
7 The state of matter which consists of super energetic particles in the form of ionized gases is
called:

i) Gaseous state ii) Liquid state

iii) Bose- Einstein condensate iv) Plasma state

Ans iv)
8 Which of the following describes a liquid phase?

i) Definite shape and definite volume ii) Definite shape no definite volume
iii) No definite shape but definite iv) Neither a definite shape nor a definite volume
volume
Ans iii)
9 A gas can be compressed to a fraction of its volume. The same volume of a gas can be spread all
over a room. The reason for this is that
i) The volume occupied by molecules of a ii) Gases consist of molecules which are in a
gas is negligible as compared to the total state of random motion
volume of the gas.
iii) Gases consists of molecules having very iv) Gases consist of molecules having very
large inter- molecular space which can be large inter-molecular attraction which can
reduced or increased under ordinary be reduced or increased under ordinary
conditions conditions
Ans iii)
10 Which has the least energetic particles?
i) Solid ii) Liquid
iii) Gas iv) Plasma
Ans i)
11 Gases do not have
i) High compressibility. ii) High fluidity.
iii) High density. iv) Large volume.
Ans iii)
Assertion/ Reasoning- 1 mark
1 Assertion: A gas can easily be compressed by applying pressure.
Reason: Since the inter-particle spaces between gases are very large, they can decrease by
applying pressure.
Ans A)
2 Assertion: Gases exert pressure on the walls of the container.
Reason: The intermolecular force of attraction is very strong in gases.
Ans C)
3 Assertion: Water can exist in all the three states- solid, liquid and gases.
Reason: Water has high boiling point.
Ans B)
4 Assertion: Matter around us exists in three different states- solid, liquid and gas.
Reason: These states of matter arise due to the variation in the characteristics of the particles of
matter.
Ans A)
5 Assertion: The intermolecular forces in solid state are stronger than those in the liquid state.
Reason: The space between the particles of matter is called intermolecular space.

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 Ans B)
6 Assertion: A rubber band can change its shape on stretching.
Reason: A rubber band can change its shape on stretching when the temperature becomes high.
Ans C)
Very Short Answers- 2 mark
1 A rubber band can change its shape on stretching. Will you classify it as solid or not? Justify?
Yes, it is a solid, Rubber band changes shape under force and regains the shape when the force is
removed. So, it is classified as a solid.
2 Gases fill the vessel in which they are kept. Give reasons.
In the gaseous state, particles move freely as they have more kinetic energy and have greater
space between them. So, they occupy the entire space available. Hence, gases fill the vessel in
which they are kept.
3 Why do the gases exert more pressure on the walls of the container than the solids?
The particles of a gas move about randomly at very high speeds because of large spaces and very
less attractive forces between them. Due to this, the particles collide with each other and the
walls of the container. Due to this collision gas exerts pressure on the wall of the container.
4 Liquid generally has lower density as compared to solids, but ice floats on water. Explain.
Ice and water both are the same substance but ice has a greater volume than that of the same
amount of water. As density is inversely proportional to the volume, ice is less dense than water.
Objects having density less than water float on the surface of water.
5 Give two reasons to justify-
a) Water at room temperature is a liquid.
b) An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature
Water at room temperature is a liquid because it has fluidity also it has no shape but has a fixed
volume that is, it occupies the shape of the container in which it is kept.
Iron almirah is a solid at room temperature it has rigid and fixed shape.
6 Explain why solids have fixed shape but liquids and gases do not have fixed shape.
Solids have fixed shape due to strong intermolecular force of attraction between them. The
liquids and gases have molecules with less intermolecular force of attraction and hence they can
flow and take shape of the container.
7 How is the high compressibility property of gas useful to us?
The gases have high compressibility. This property is used in the following situations:
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) is a fuel which is made up of petroleum gas. On compressing this
petroleum gas it forms liquid.
Oxygen cylinders in the hospitals have compressed gas filled in it.
8 Why a gas cylinder cannot be half-filled?
Particles of gas can move (diffuse) to all the spaces available to them at very fast speed.
Therefore, the gas cylinder cannot be half-filled.
Short Answers- 3 mark
1 With the help of a diagram explain the movement of particles in the three states of matter.
In Solids – the particles are tightly packed as shown
in the diagram and they don’t get enough space to
move so the particles vibrate in their mean
position.
In Liquids – The particles are somewhat loosely
packed and they have some amount of space in
which they can move and hence liquids flow.
In Gas – The particles are very loosely packed as a result they get enough space for movement
and they can flow very easily in all direction.
2 i) Give reason
a) A liquid generally flows easily.
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 b) In spite of being a solid, salt and sugar take up the shape of the container in which they
are kept.
ii) What is the fourth state of matter? Explain about it.
i) a) In Liquids – The particles are somewhat loosely packed and they have some amount of space
in which they can move and hence liquids flow.
b) Sugar and salt are both solids. They take the shape of their respective jars as the individual
crystals of each are small and many of these small sugar or salt crystals can fill up the empty
spaces of a container
c) the fourth state of matter is plasma. It is an ionized gas consisting of approximately equal
numbers of positively and negatively charged particles.
3 Read the following information and answer the questions based on information and related
studied concepts.
Substance – 1 is brittle.
Substance – 2 melts at 5 0C and boils at 150 0C.
Substance – 3 has a high melting point of 800 0C.
Substance – 4 has a melting point of -169 0C and a boiling point of -104 0C.
a) What is the physical state of substance-4 at -150 0C and -100 0C.
b) What is the physical state of substances -1 and 3 at room temperature?
c) Arrange substances -2,3 and 4 in the increasing order of force of attraction. Give reason.
a) The physical state of substance-4 at -150 0C is liquid and at -100 0C is gas.
b) The physical state of substances -1 and 3 at room temperature is solid.
c) 4, 2, 3. The melting points decide the interparticle force of attraction of the substances.
More the melting point more will be the interparticle force of attraction.
Long Answers- 5 mark
1 a) Distinguish between solids and gases on the basis of following parameters:
i) Interparticle distance.
ii) Interparticle forces of attraction.
iii) Compressibility.
b) Explain what can be observed to the above characteristics if the temperature of the system
increases.
a) Difference between solids and gases

S. No. Solids Gases

(i) Interparticle space is small so the Interparticle space is maximum so the
distance is also les distance is also more
(ii) The interparticle force of attraction is Interparticle force of attraction is
maximum. minimum.
(iii) Solids are rigid and non-compressible. Gases are not rigid and they are
compressible.

b) If the temperature of the system increases

i) The interparticle distance between the particles increases.
ii) The interparticle force of attraction decreases.
iii) Solids will remain non-compressible but it will be difficult to compress gas by increasing
temperature.

2 a) How solids, liquid and gases exhibit the following properties?

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 i) Rigidity.
ii) Diffusion.
iii) Compressibility.
Arrange them in ascending order.
b) Explain the following terms:
i) Expansion of gas.
ii) Compressibility of gas.
a) i) Rigidity: Gas < Liquid < Solid.
ii) Diffusion: Solid < Liquid < Gas.
iii) Compressibility: Solid < Liquid < Gas.
b) I) Gases expand on heating, as the kinetic energy of particles increases which breaks
interparticle forces of attraction. This allows gaseous molecules to move randomly in each
possible direction and exert pressure on the walls of the container.
ii) Gases have weak interparticle forces of attraction. Therefore, when pressure is applied
the gas particle get compressed to acquire small volume, i.e., become liquid.
3 i) A substance ‘X’ was highly compressible and could be easily liquified. It could also take up
the shape of any container. Predict the nature of the substance. Enlist four properties of
this state of matter.
ii) What happens to the motions of the particle of ‘X’ on increasing the temperature?
i) The given information indicates that the substance ‘X’ is gas. The essential properties of
gases are
 Gases have no definite shape and volume.
 Gases are fluids.
 Gases are highly compressible.
 Interparticle spaces are highest in gases in comparison to liquid and solid.
ii) On increasing the temperature of ‘X’ the kinetic energy of particle increases. Thus,
movement of particles also increases.
Case-Based- 4 mark
1 There are three states of matter - solid, liquid and gas. Solids have a definite shape, distinct
boundaries and fixed volumes, that is, have negligible compressibility. Solids tend to maintain
their shape when subjected to outside force. Solids may break under force but it is difficult to
change their shape, so they are rigid. Liquids have no fixed shape but have a fixed volume. They
take up the shape of the container in which they are kept. Liquids flow and change shape, so they
are not rigid but can be called fluid. Gas has an indefinite shape and no fixed volume. Gas gets
the shape and volume of the container. Gas has a very low density and hence is light. Gas can
flow easily and hence is called fluid.

i) Which of the following states of matter takes the shape of the container in which it is
filled?

a) Solid b) Liquid

c) Gas d) Both b and c

ii) Write down two characteristic features of the particles of the solids.
iii) Inspite of being a fluid why water doesn’t flow like gases?

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 iv) Write two reasons behind different states of matter?

i) b) Liquid.
ii) They have strong interparticle force of attraction, and they have the least kinetic energy.
iii) Inspite of being a fluid, water doesn’t flow like gases as the interparticle force of attraction
is much higher than that of gases and the kinetic energy is much less.
iv) The properties of particles like Interparticle force of attraction and the kinetic energy of
the particles decides the states of matter.
Activity & Experiment based questions
1 With the help of an activity show that gases are more compressible than liquids.
 Let us take three 10 ml syringes and close their nozzles by rubber corks.
 After removing the pistons from all the syringes add water in one and leave the other
empty.
 Insert pistons back into the syringes.
 And now let us try to compress the content by pushing the piston in each syringe.
We will observe that the piston of first syringe moves slowly and after sometimes it becomes
difficult to move, whereas in the second syringe the piston moves very easily.
2 A large crystal of potassium permanganate was placed in the bottom of a beaker of cold water
and was left for several hours.
a) Describe what would be seen
i) After five minutes.
ii) After several hours.
b) Explain your answers using the idea of particles.
c) Name the two processes that took place during the experiment.
a) i) The solution will start becoming purple slowly but not uniformly.
ii) After several hours the solution will be uniformly light purple in colour because particles move
slowly in cold water.
b) Potassium permanganate crystal is made up of small particles which move slowly in cold water.
c) (i) Diffusion (ii) Dissolution.
Sub-Topic: 3 – Change of states of matter and factors affecting states of matter
MCQ- 1 mark
1 The favourable conditions for the liquefaction of gases are:
a) Low temperature, low pressure b) Low-temperature, high pressure
c) High temperature, low pressure d) High temperature, high pressure
Ans b)
2 The heat absorbed when 1kg of a liquid change to the gaseous state at the boiling point
temperature is known as:
a) Latent heat of fusion. b) Latent heat of sublimation.
c) Latent heat of vaporisation. d) Specific heat.
Ans c)
3 When a gas is compressed at a constant temperature:
a) The collision s among the particle b) The collision s among the particle
decreases. increases.
c) Pressure of the gas decreases. d) The speed of molecule decreases.
Ans b)
4 Which of the following process/processes release energy in the form of heat?
a) Condensation b) Vaporisation

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 c) Freezing d) Melting
i) Only a) ii) Only d)
iii) (a) and (c) iv) (b) and (d)
Ans iii)
5 The conversion of solid into vapour without passing through liquid state is called:
a) Sublimation. b) Fusion.
c) Condensation. d) Freezing.
Ans a)
6 Which among the following substance will sublime on heating?
a) Sodium chloride. b) Ammonium chloride.
c) Sugar. d) Sand.
Ans b)
7 The boiling point of ethane is -88 0C. the equivalent temperature in kelvin is:
a) 285 K b) 288 K
c) 185 K d) 361 K
Ans c)
8 Which of the following energy is absorbed during the change of state of a substance?
a) Heat capacity. b) Specific heat.
c) Latent heat. d) Heat of reaction.
Ans c)
9 When the liquid starts boiling, further heat is supplied which is:
a) Absorbed as latent heat of b) Lost to surroundings.
vaporisation by the liquid.
c) Absorbed to increase the temperature. d) Absorbed to convert the liquid into
solid
Ans a)
10 Which of the following substance in the gaseous state should be called a vapour?
a) Oxygen. b) Sulphur dioxide.
c) Iodine. d) Ammonia.
Ans c)
11 Which of the following statement is incorrect?
a) The melting point of 0 0C b) Cooling is produced during melting.
c) The temperature changes steadily on d) In melting, state the temperature stays
heating ice. at 0 0C until all the ice has melted.
Ans c)
12 At boiling point
a) A liquid changes into vapours. b) Liquid and vapours coexist.
c) Vapour pressure of the liquid is equal d) All o these.
to the atmospheric pressure.
Ans d)
Assertion/ Reasoning- 1 mark
1 Assertion: The two factors which decide whether a given substance would be in a solid, liquid or gaseous
state are temperature and pressure.
Reason: By changing the temperature and pressure of matter, its physical state can be altered.
Ans A)
2 Assertion: When a solid melts, its temperature remains the same.

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 Reason: The heat gets used up in changing the state by overcoming the forces of attraction
between the particles.
Ans A)
3 Assertion: The boiling point of water is 100 C.
Reason: The boiling point of water increases at higher altitudes.
Ans C)
4 Assertion: The conversion of a solid directly into a gas is known as sublimation.
Reason: Naphthalene does not leave residue when kept open for some time.
Ans B)
5 Assertion: Camphor burns with a lot of residues.
Reason: Camphor undergoes sublimation.
Ans D)
6 Assertion: Steam is better the boiling water for heating purposes.
Reason: Steam contains more heat in the form of latent heat than boiling water.
Ans A)
7 Assertion: There is a change in the temperature of the substance when it undergoes a change in
the state as it is still being heated.
Reason: The heat supplied is either absorbed as a latent heat of fusion or a latent heat of
vaporisation.
Ans D)
8 Assertion: In pressure cooker temperature of water becomes more than 100 0C.
Reason: Boiling point is directly proportional to pressure acting on liquid.
Ans A)
9 Assertion: Dry ice is solid CO2
Reason: Dry ice is same as ice.
Ans C)
10 Assertion (A): Three states of matter are the result of balance between intermolecular forces and
thermal energy of the molecules.
Reason (R): Intermolecular forces tend to keep the molecules together but thermal energy of
molecules tends to keep them apart.
Ans A)
Very Short Answers- 2 mark
1 Explain why the temperature remains constant during sublimation. Give two examples of
sublimable substance.
During sublimation, heat given to the system is used up to evaporate solid into vapours keeping
the temperature constant. Ammonium chloride, iodine.
2 Why do we see water droplets on the outer surface of a glass containing ice cold water? What
can we conclude from this?
When water vapours present in air come in contact with the cold surface of glass of water, it loses
energy and changes into liquid state in the form of water droplets. This process is known as
condensation. This concludes that air contains moisture.
3 How is the melting point temperature of solid and the freezing point temperature of the liquid
obtained related? Give an example.
The melting point temperature of solid and the freezing point temperature of the liquid is same.
Ex – Melting point of ice and freezing point of water is 0 0C.
4 Define
i) Latent heat of fusion of a solid.
ii) Condensation.
i) The amount of heat energy required to convert 1 kg of a solid substance to liquid at
normal atmospheric pressure is known as the latent heat of fusion of a solid.

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 ii) It is the process of conversion of a gaseous state of a matter to the liquid state on cooling
at normal atmospheric pressure is known as condensation.
5 What is the difference between gas and vapour?
Vapour is a state of matter that is liquid at its core, but it is in a gaseous state. Gas, on the other
hand, is in a gaseous state throughout. The main difference between vapour and gas is their
temperature. Vapour has a lower temperature than gas.
6 What is the effect of pressure on boiling point?
Boiling and pressure are directly proportional to each other. On increasing the pressure of the
liquid, the boiling point also increases and vice-versa.
7 How does applying pressure help in the liquefaction of a gas?
When pressure on a gas is increased, its molecules closer together, and its temperature is
reduced, which removes enough energy to make it change from the gaseous to the liquid state.
8 What is dry ice? Why it is named such?
Solid carbon dioxide is called dry ice. It does not wet the piece of paper or clothes on which it is
kept, because it sublimes to produce CO2 gas.
9 How can the boiling point of a liquid be raised without adding any soluble solute in it? Give an
example.
Boiling point of a liquid can be increased by increasing the pressure of the surrounding. For
example – boiling point of water increases in the pressure cooker due to the increased pressure
of the surrounding when the lid is closed.
10 What is meant by saying that the latent heat of vaporisation of water is 226 kJ/kg? Will you
notice increase in the temperature of water at its boiling point?
One kg of water will absorb 226 kJ of heat at its boiling point, to form steam at 100 0C. No, there
will be no rise in the temperature of water at its boiling point because of latent heat of
vaporisation.
11 Which is a better coolant, ice at 0 0C or water at 0 0C? Explain
Ice at 0 0C is a better coolant as it can absorb more heat while keeping the temperature constant
as it can take the latent heat of fusion before there is any rise in temperature. 1gm ice at 0oC
would absorb 336 Joule of heat energy more than 1gm of water at 0oC from the surroundings
thus making it cooler.
Short Answers- 3 mark
1 a) Give an example where change in physical state occurs by change in pressure.
b) Define melting.
a) Liquefaction of gas as done in the case of bottling of LPG cylinder.
b) It is the process of conversion of a solid state of a matter to liquid state on heating.
2 Define latent heat of vaporisation. Give reason why steam causes more severe burn than boiling
water.
The latent heat of vaporisation of a liquid is the quantity of heat in joules required to convert 1 kg
of the liquid at its boiling point to vapour or gas, without any change in temperature. Steam
causes more severe burn than boiling water as it has more heat energy in terms of latent heat of
vaporisation.
3 How would increase in pressure and decrease in temperature of a gas affect
a) The distance between the particles.
b) Interparticle force of attraction.
c) The physical state of a gas.
a) With the increase in pressure and decrease in pressure the distance between the
particles decreases.
b) With the increase in pressure and decrease in pressure the interparticle force of
attraction increases.
c) With the increase in pressure and decrease in pressure the gas changes to a liquid state.
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 Long Answers- 5 mark
1 The temperature time graph given aside shows the heating curve
for pure wax. From the graph answer the following:
a) What is the physical state of wax at the points A, B, C and D?
b) What is the melting point of wax?
c) What is its boiling point?
d) Which portions of the graph indicates that change of state is
taking place?
e) Name the term used for heat absorbed during change of states involved in the above
process.
a) A – Solid state, B- Solid & Liquid (Melting Process) C – Liquid state, D – Liquid and vapour
state (Boiling process)
b) Melting point of wax = 15 0C
c) Boiling point of wax = 110 0C
d) A1 – B1 Fusion process (solid melting to form liquid), D1 – D2 Vaporisation (Liquid changes
to vapour)
e) A1 – B1 Heat absorbed as latent heat of vaporisation, D1 – D2 Heat absorbed as latent heat
of vaporisation.
2 i) A substance ‘x’ was highly compressible and could be easily liquified. It could also take up
the shape of any container. Predict the nature of the substance. Enlist four properties of
this state of matter.
ii) What happens to the motion of particles ‘X’ on increasing the temperature?
i) The given information indicates that the substance ‘X’ is a ga. The properties are
 Gases have no definite shape and volume.
 Gases are fluids.
 Gases are highly compressible.
 Interparticle space is maximum.
ii) On increasing the temperature of ‘X’ the kinetic energy of the particles increases. Thus,
movement pf the particles also increases.
3 i) Define melting point of a solid.
ii) At what temperature in the kelvin scale does ice melt?
iii) In the experiment to determine the melting point of ice, why does the temperature not
rise till all the ice melts even though heat is continuously supplied?
iv) What is this heat energy called?
i) The temperature at which a solid melt to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is
called its melting point.
ii) Ice melts at 273 K.
iii) Heat gets used up in changing the state by overcoming the forces of attraction between
the particles.
iv) Latent heat of fusion.
Case Based- 4 mark
1 Boiling occurs when the particles in a liquid state absorb
enough energy to overcome the forces holding them
together and begin to move apart to form a gas. A liquid is
being heated, a graph is plotted between time and
temperature in 0C. Answer the following questions.
a) What does OA show about the kinetic energy?
b) What does AB represent?
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 c) Why does temperature remain constant at boiling point?
a) The kinetic energy increases.
b) At AB change in state of matter takes place and the temperature remains the same.
c) Heat gets used up in changing the state by overcoming the forces of attraction between
the particles.
Activity & Experiment based questions
1 It is an activity of heating water to form vapour. Here change in state
of matter takes place from the liquid state to the gaseous state.
Looking at the figure given aside answer the following questions.
a) What change in temperature will you observe in the
thermometer when you start heating? Why it happens?
b) After a while even on continuous heating the temperature
does not increase. Explain.
c) What is this heat energy known as which does not increase the
temperature of the matter?
a) Initially the temperature of water increases and could be seen in the thermometer. As the
particles of water gains the heat energy and hence its temperature increases.
b) After a while even on continuous heating the temperature does not increase as the heat
energy is used up in overcoming the force of attraction between the particles.
c) Latent heat of vaporisation.
Skill-based / Diagram Practice
1 In order to find the boiling point of water one of the precautions to be taken is that
the bulb of the thermometer should not touch the sides of the beaker. This
precaution is taken because.
a) Sides of the beaker are at slightly b) Sides of the beaker are at slightly
higher temperature than the BP. lower temperature than the BP.
c) The bulb of the thermometer is d) Both a) & c).
likely to break.
Ans a)
2 Why water as steam may cause severe burns but water as ice has cooling effect? Explain.
In steam water particles have high energy, the high energy of these particles in steam is
transformed as heat and may cause burns. On the other hand, in case of ice the water particles
take heat energy from the surrounding and thus, cause cooling effect.
Sub Topic: 4 – Effect of pressure of states on matter, Evaporation
MCQ- 1 mark
1 Gases can easily be liquified by applying
a) High temperature and low pressure b) High pressure and low temperature.
c) High temperature and keeping d) High pressure and keeping
pressure constant temperature constant
Ans b)
2 What happens to a liquid on applying pressure?
a) It changes into a gas b) It changes into a solid
c) Its state remains the same d) It becomes ionised constant
Ans c)
3 On applying pressure, the intermolecular space
a) Increases b) Decreases
c) Sometimes increases sometimes d) No change.
decreases
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 Ans b)
4 On applying pressure, the intermolecular force
a) Increases b) Decreases
c) Sometimes increases sometimes d) No change.
decreases
Ans a)
5 The process of evaporation causes
a) Heating b) Cooling
c) Sometimes heating sometimes cooling d) Increase in temperature
Ans b)
6 Evaporation of a liquid can take place
a) At its boiling point b) Below its boiling point
c) Above its boiling point d) At a fixed temperature
Ans b)
7 A liquid is kept in a china dish. The evaporation of the liquid can be accelerated by
a) Keeping the dish in the open b) Blowing air into the liquid
c) Keeping the dish under a running fan d) All of these.
Ans d)
8 What type of process is evaporation?
a) Exothermic b) Endothermic
c) Photochemical d) Biochemical
Ans b)
9 During evaporation, particles of a liquid change into vapours only
a) From the surface b) From the bulk
c) From both surface and the bulk d) Neither from surface nor from the bulk
Ans a)
10 Which of the following factors, when increased, affect the ate of evaporation adversely?
a) Temperature of the liquid b) Surface are of liquid exposed
c) Humidity in air d) All of these
Ans c)
Assertion/ Reasoning- 1 mark
1 Assertion: The rate of evaporation increases with increase in temperature.
Reason: Increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of the particles.
Ans A)
2 Assertion: Boiling and evaporation of a liquid are same phenomena.
Reason: Boiling of a liquid takes place when vapour pressure of the liquid equals to the
atmospheric pressure.
Ans D)
3 Assertion: Cooling is caused by the evaporation of a liquid.
Reason: Liquid absorbs latent heat from the surrounding.
Ans A)
4 Assertion: Clothes dry soon in the summer.
Reason: The greater the temperature, more is the rate of evaporation.
Ans A)
5 Assertion: If we are in a hurry then we should sip hot tea from a saucer than from cup.
Reason: it is more convenient to hold and handle a saucer than a cup.
Ans C)

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 Very Short Answers- 2 mark
1 How does pressure help in liquefaction of gases. Explain
When pressure is applied, the particles which are in gaseous state come close, lose their energy
in the form of heat, and become liquid. This is known as liquefaction of gases. By using the
process of liquefaction, large volume of gases can be compressed in small cylinder.
2 On suffering from fever which will lower down your body temperature, ice or ice cold water.
Why?
Ice. As it will absorb more heat energy than water equal to the latent heat of fusion so it is more
effective in cooling than water.
3 On a hot sunny day we sprinkle water on the roof or open ground.
The sprinkled water evaporates by taking large latent heat of vaporisation from the roof or open
ground and surrounding air to cause cooling of the place.
Short Answers- 3 mark
1 a) “Evaporation causes cooling.” Justify the statement
b) Explain two examples from our daily life where we feel the effect of cooling due to
evaporation.
a) For a liquid to evaporate heat energy is absorbed from the surrounding. Hence,
absorption of heat energy makes the environment cool.
b) When we put nail polish remover on our palm, the solution evaporates by absorbing heat
from our palm and our palm feels cold.
Desert coolers cool our room.
2 Define evaporation. Out of nylon and cotton which one will you chose in summer and why?
The phenomenon of change of a liquid into vapours at any temperature below its boiling point is
called evaporation. Cotton is good absorbed of water than that of nylon. So, during summer,
cotton clothes absorbs sweat, which on evaporation causes cooling.
3 Is evaporation and boiling same? Explain with 3 reasons.
No evaporation and boiling are not same.
i) Evaporation is a surface phenomenon i) Boiling is a bulk phenomenon.
ii) Evaporation takes place at any ii) Boiling takes place at a particular
temperature below the boiling point temperature.
iii) Evaporation causes cooling iii) Boiling does not casue cooling.
Long Answers- 5 mark
1 a) Enumerate the changes that take place in a liquid during evaporation.
b) How is rate of evaporation affected by a change in the following? Justify
i) Temperature.
ii) Wind speed.
iii) Humidity.
a) During evaporation, a small fraction of able to break away from the force of attraction of
other particles and gets converted into vapour.
b) I) Increase with temperature due to increase in KE of the particles.
ii) Increases with wind speed as the particles of water vapour move away with the wind,
decreasing the amount of water vapour in the surrounding.
iii) Decreases with humidity as the amount of water vapour is already high in the
surrounding.
2 a) State one similarity and one difference between evaporation and boiling.
b) Account for the following:
i) We wear cotton clothes in summer.
ii) A wet handkerchief is placed on the forehead of a person suffering from high fever.

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 iii) Wet clothes dry slowly during rainy season.
a) Similarity: In both cases liquid gets converted into vapours.
Difference: Evaporation is a surface phenomenon while boiling is a bulk phenomenon.
b) I) Cotton clothes absorb perspiration which causes cooling.
ii) Evaporation causes cooling.
Rate of evaporation is less during rainy season.
Case Based- 4 mark
1 In the case of liquids, a small fraction of particles at the surface, having higher kinetic energy, is
able to break away from the forces of attraction of other particles and gets converted into vapour.
This phenomenon of change of a liquid into vapours at any temperature below its boiling point is
called evaporation.
i) The rate of evaporation increases with
a) Increase in temperature. c. Increase in the surface are of the
liquid.
b) Decrease in the humidity. d. All of these.
ii) Assertion: Evaporation increases with the wind speed.
Reason: Wind carries away the vapours with it, giving more space for vapours to form.
iii) Why is evaporation called a surface phenomenon?
iv) How is evaporation different from boiling in terms of heat energy required and heat
energy produced?
i) Ans d)
ii) Ans A)
iii) In evaporation, only the molecules of the liquid present on the surface of the liquid leave
the liquid state and change into vapour state. It does not affect the molecules present in
the bulk of the liquid
iv) Boiling requires a specific amount of heat (boils at its boiling point) and does not produce
any cooling effect. Whereas, evaporation can take place at any temperature below its
boiling point and causes cooling effect.
Activity & Experiment based questions
1 Suggest in which of the vessels A, B, C
or D the rate of evaporation will be
the highest? Explain.
The rate of evaporation increases
with an increase of surface area
because evaporation is a surface
phenomenon. Also, with the increase
in air speed, the particles of water vapour will move away with the air, which will increase the
rate of evaporation.
Skill based / Diagram Practice
1 “Evaporation causes cooling” Comment on this statement. Give an example from daily life.
When a liquid evaporates, it draws the latent heat of vaporisation from the surface which it
touches. When we put some nail polish remover on our hand we feel cool.
2 Explain how water kept in an earthen pot, becomes cool during summer.
Earthen pot has got number of fine pores all around. Water comes out from these pores and
change into vapours by taking heat from inner water, causing water to cool.

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