TFD101:

HISTORYOFEDUCATI
ONNOTES

SECTI
ONONE:
ANCI
ENTSOCI
ETI
ES

LECTUREONE:
THEROLEOFHI
STORYOFEDUCATI
ON
1.
1Def
ini
ti
onofhi
stor
yofeducat
ion
Asy
ouwi
l
lnot
icer
ightaway
,thet
it
leofourcour
se,hi
stor
yofeducat
ioni
smadeupof
t
wot
erms;Hi
stor
yandEducat
ion.I
tisi
mpor
tantt
odef
inet
heset
wot
ermssepar
atel
y
bef
orecombi
ningt
hem.

Youcannowcont
inuey
ourr
eadi
ngandt
hencompar
eourdef
ini
ti
onsagai
nsty
our
s.

1.
3.1Hi
stor
y

Hi
stor
yist
her
ecor
dofal
lpasthumanexper
ience.Hi
stor
yshowshow agr
oupof
peopl
ear
e,wher
eitcamef
rom,andhow i
tcamet
obewhati
tist
oday
.Hi
stor
ydeal
s
wi
th;soci
al,economi
c,pol
i
tical
,sci
ent
if
ic,andt
echnol
ogi
calev
ent
sthathav
eshaped
andgi
venr
iset
ohumani
ty.Hi
stor
yisanev
aluat
ionofwhathumanbei
ngshav
egone
t
hroughi
nret
rospect
,whatt
heyhav
ecomet
obet
oday
,andwhatt
heypr
oposet
obei
n
f
utur
e.Thest
udyf
ocusesont
hechal
l
enges,pr
obl
ems,aspi
rat
ions,successes,and
f
ail
uresofhumanbei
ngs.

1.
3.2Educat
ion

Educat
ioni
sthet
otalpr
ocesst
hatai
msatdev
elopi
nghumanabi
l
ityandbehav
iour
.Iti
s
anor
gani
zedandsust
ainedi
nst
ruct
iont
hatai
msatt
ransmi
tt
ingacombi
nat
ionof
knowl
edge,ski
l
ls,andv
aluest
hatar
enecessar
yforl
i
fe.Educat
ioncanal
someana
t
otal
processt
hati
smeantt
ohel
paper
sonf
unct
ionasaf
ull
memberofagi
vensoci
ety
.

Wi
tht
hesei
nsi
ght
s,wecannowhel
pyoudef
inehi
stor
yofeducat
ion.

1.
3.3Hi
stor
yofeducat
ion

Hi
stor
y ofEducat
ion can be def
ined as;t
he st
udy oft
he pastdev
elopmentof
educat
ionalsy
stems,educat
ionalt
heor
iesandi
nst
it
uti
onswi
thi
nthegener
alhi
stor
ical
f
ramewor
kof
;soci
al,economi
c,pol
i
tical
,technol
ogi
cal
,sci
ent
if
icandcul
tur
alchange.
Basedont
hisunder
standi
ng,
theHi
stor
yofEducat
ional
theor
yandpr
act
icei
sast
udyof
humani
ty’
spr
esenteducat
ionali
nst
it
uti
ons,pol
i
cies,t
heor
ies,and pr
act
icesi
nthe
per
spect
iveoft
hei
rev
olut
ionorpr
ogr
ess.Thest
udydeal
swi
tht
hesubst
anceoft
he
di
rect
ionoft
hepr
esenteducat
ionsy
stems.

Educat
ioni
satt
heser
viceofsoci
ety
,ofwhi
chi
thappenst
obeasub-
syst
em,i
tis
i
mpor
tantf
orapr
ofessi
onal
educat
ort
ohav
eanawar
enessofsoci
alf
oundat
ionsoft
he
educat
ionalt
heor
yandpr
act
ice.Thati
s,t
hei
mpactof
;soci
al,r
eli
gious,economi
c,
i
ndust
ri
al,domest
ic,nat
ionaland i
nter
nat
ionalf
orces upon whi
ch t
he educat
ional
pol
i
ciesand pr
act
iceshav
ebeen bui
l
t.Thehi
stor
icalst
udyofeducat
ion pr
ovi
des
oppor
tuni
ti
esf
ort
heexami
nat
ionoft
henat
ureandconsequencesofsoci
etyt
oschool
r
elat
ionshi
psi
ndi
ff
erentsoci
o-economi
candpol
i
tical
syst
ems.

Ahi
stor
icalsur
veyoft
heeducat
ionalt
heor
yandpr
act
iceshoul
denabl
eeducat
orst
o
exami
nei
nahi
stor
icalcont
extsomeoft
heeducat
ionali
ssuesandpr
obl
emst
hat
per
plexust
odayast
heyhav
eper
plexedmanyeducat
orsi
nmanysoci
eti
esf
ormany
cent
uri
es.Si
ncemostoft
hesepr
obl
emsandi
ssueshav
ethei
rroot
sint
hepast
,thei
r
ev
aluat
ioni
nthel
i
ghtoft
hei
rhi
stor
icaldev
elopmentwoul
dcont
ri
but
etoabet
ter
under
standi
ngoft
hei
rnat
ureandsuggestpossi
blesol
uti
ons.Educat
ionalhi
stor
yisr
ich
wi
thconf
li
cti
ngorcompl
ement
aryanswer
sandt
heknowl
edgeofmanyanddi
ver
se
sol
uti
onspr
oposedov
ert
hey
ear
sshoul
dbeofgr
eati
mpor
tancet
otheeducat
ori
n
wor
kingoutpr
obl
ems.Suchknowl
edgewoul
denl
argehi
shor
izonsanddeepenhi
s
gr
aspofbasi
ceducat
ional
conf
li
cts.

Anot
heri
mpor
tantv
alueofhi
stor
yofeducat
ionl
i
esi
nthef
actt
hatsomeoft
he
successesandf
ail
uresofmanyy
ear
sar
est
udi
edi
nsuccessi
on,t
her
ebypr
ovi
ding
oppor
tuni
ti
es f
orcompar
ison and cont
rasti
nn ev
aluat
ing t
he r
elat
ive wor
th of
conf
li
cti
ngeducat
ionalt
heor
iesandpr
act
ices.Acquai
ntancewi
thf
ail
uresoft
hepast
cent
uri
escanr
educet
hepossi
bil
i
tyofr
epeat
ingt
hem our
sel
veswhi
l
eknowl
edgeof
t
est
ededucat
ional
val
ueswoul
dimpr
oveoursy
stemsofeducat
ion.

The hi
stor
icalst
udy ofeducat
ionalt
heor
y and pr
act
ice shoul
dlead t
o a bet
ter
under
standi
ngoft
her
elat
ionsbet
weent
heor
yandpr
act
ice.I
tshoul
dhel
pusseet
he
f
oundat
ionsofeducat
ionalpr
act
iceandi
neducat
ionalt
heor
iesandaswel
lasi
nsoci
al
i
deal
s.Knowl
edgeofgr
eatt
eacher
sandeducat
ioni
stsoft
hepastagessuchasBuddha,
Pl
ato,Qui
nti
l
ian,St
.August
ine,Comeni
us,Pest
all
ozi
,RousseauorDeweyshoul
dnot
onl
yreassur
eust
hatast
eacher
s,wear
eingr
eatandgoodcompanybutt
hei
rexampl
es
shoul
dpr
ovi
dei
nspi
rat
iont
oourpr
ofessi
onal
under
taki
ngs.

Fr
om ourdef
ini
ti
onsandexpl
anat
ionsabov
e,wear
econf
identt
haty
ounowunder
stand
whathi
stor
yofeducat
ion i
s aboutand whati
tent
ail
s as a cour
se ofst
udyi
n
educat
ionalpr
ogr
ammes.I
nthef
oll
owi
ngsect
ion,
weshal
ltr
ytoshowwhyt
hest
udyof
t
hiscour
sei
simpor
tantt
oyouandt
oeducat
ors.

1.
2Whydowest
udyofHi
stor
yofEducat
ion

Thest
udyoft
hiscour
sei
simpor
tantt
oyouasaneducat
orduet
ovar
iousr
easons.
Theser
easonscanbegr
oupedi
ntof
ourbr
oadt
hemesf
orcl
ari
tyaspr
esent
edbel
ow.

Ther
eisast
rongconv
ict
iont
hatt
hest
udyoft
hepasthasacr
uci
alr
elev
ancet
othet
ask
ofi
mpr
ovi
ngt
hequal
i
tyofact
ioni
nthepr
esent
.Iti
sal
sobel
i
evedt
hatani
ntel
l
igent
st
udyoft
hehi
stor
yofeducat
ioncani
nfl
uencet
hewayi
nwhi
cht
eacher
sort
eacher
sto
beconductt
hei
rper
sonalandpr
ofessi
onalact
ivi
ti
es.Accor
dingl
y,manyoft
heat
ti
tudes
andappr
oachest
hateducat
orsadoptast
heyst
udyt
hepastar
erel
evantt
othet
asks
t
hatt
heyf
acei
nbecomi
ngbet
terpr
act
it
ioner
s.

Pr
ofessi
onaleducat
ionshoul
dpr
epar
eteacher
sandeducat
orswhocanexpl
oreand
cr
it
ical
l
y exami
ne al
ter
nat
ive educat
ionalt
heor
ies and pr
act
ices.The hi
stor
y of
educat
ioncant
her
efor
econt
ri
but
etost
rengt
heni
ngbot
htheper
sonalandpr
ofessi
onal
compet
enceoft
het
eacherbyencour
agi
ngt
hem t
o:

a)exami
ne,
eval
uat
e,accept
,rej
ect
,ormodi
fyt
hecul
tur
ali
nher
it
ance;
and
b)becomeaneducat
ionalcr
it
icandanagentr
esponsi
blef
orcul
tur
alt
ransmi
ssi
on
andchanger
athert
hant
obl
i
ndl
yacceptt
hest
atusquoofunchal
l
engedcl
aims.

Byst
udy
ingt
hemot
ivat
ionsandbehav
iour
sofot
herhumanbei
ngswhower
eengaged
i
nthe soci
al,economi
c,r
eli
gious,sci
ent
if
ic and educat
ionalaspect
s ofconcr
ete
hi
stor
icalsi
tuat
ions,t
he educat
or can di
scer
nthe v
ari
ous choi
ces t
hat wer
e
i
nst
rument
ali
nshapi
nghumanact
ivi
ti
esi
nthepast
.Acr
it
icalexami
nat
ionoft
hepast
act
ionwi
l
lhel
ptheeducat
ori
l
lumi
nat
ethepossi
bil
i
tiesandal
ter
nat
ivesofdeci
sion
maki
ngi
nthepr
esent
.Inot
herwor
ds,anexami
nat
ionofeducat
ionalt
heor
iesand
pr
act
icesi
nthei
rhi
stor
icalcont
extmayencour
aget
eacher
stot
akeacr
it
icall
ookat
cont
empor
aryt
heor
iesandpr
act
ices.

Si
ncet
hepasti
l
lumi
nat
est
hepr
esent
,hi
stor
yist
her
efor
eimpor
tanti
nlear
ningabout
t
heev
olut
ionoft
hings.Hi
stor
ydoesnotmer
elyr
evealst
ruct
ure,butl
i
fe.Consequent
ly,
hi
stor
yofeducat
ionwi
l
lgi
veusanaccountoft
hel
i
vinggr
owt
hofeducat
ionalai
msand
met
hodsofi
nst
ruct
ion,cur
ri
cul
a,andi
nst
it
uti
ons,wi
thoutwhi
ch,t
heywoul
dappear
st
ati
c.Hi
stor
yofeducat
ionwi
l
lther
efor
ehel
pusunder
standbet
ter
;theai
ms,
met
hods,
pedagogyandexi
sti
ngst
ruct
uresandi
nst
it
uti
ons.Bysodoi
ng,t
hehi
stor
icalst
udyof
educat
ion i
simpor
tanti
nimpr
ovi
ng t
he qual
i
ty ofdeci
sion maki
ng and pol
i
cy
f
ormul
ati
on,and st
rengt
heni
ng t
he per
sonaland pr
ofessi
onalcompet
ence oft
he
t
eacher
.

Thehi
stor
yofeducat
ioncanenabl
euscompar
ethedev
elopmentofsev
eraldi
ff
erent
i
deasorpr
obl
emswi
thonegr
oupofpeopl
eort
hesamei
deaorpr
obl
em wi
thsev
eral
gr
oupsofpeopl
e.Thi
sappr
oachwi
l
lhel
ponet
ofor
mul
ater
icherpat
ter
nsandmor
e
compr
ehensi
vepr
inci
plesandpr
ovi
deabr
oaderper
spect
ivet
hanwhati
srepr
esent
ed
byasi
ngl
ecul
tur
e.I
naddi
ti
on,onei
sabl
etoshow t
hedev
elopmentofapar
ti
cul
ar
t
heor
yandpr
act
icei
nahi
stor
icalcont
ext
,andexpl
aint
hecondi
ti
onsoutofwhi
chsuch
at
heor
yar
oseort
hespeci
fi
cfunct
iont
hatapr
act
icewasi
ntendedt
oser
ve.I
twi
l
lbe
possi
blef
orust
ogaugeaccur
atel
yther
elev
anceofapr
evi
ousi
deaorpr
act
icet
oour
ownsi
tuat
iont
odayonceweunder
standbot
hthepr
esentcont
extandt
heor
igi
nal
cont
extf
rom whi
cht
hei
deaor
igi
nat
ed.

The exami
nat
ion of educat
ionalt
heor
ies and pr
act
ices i
n a hi
stor
icalcont
ext
encour
agesat
endencyt
olookcr
it
ical
l
yatpr
esentt
heor
iesandpr
act
ices.Themost
cr
eat
ivet
askf
ort
hehi
stor
yofeducat
ioni
snott
oamassmor
edat
atoanswerol
d
quest
ionsorbol
sterol
dbel
i
efs,butt
ofor
mul
atenew andbet
terquest
ions,gener
ate
f
rui
tf
ulhy
pot
hesesorr
esear
chquest
ionsandi
nit
iat
eorengagei
nunexpl
oredl
i
nesof
i
nqui
ry.Thest
udywi
l
lther
efor
ehel
pususet
hepowerofcont
ext
ualst
udyt
oint
roduce
i
nnov
ati
on.

Thest
udyofhi
stor
yofeducat
ioni
snotonl
yimpor
tantf
orknowl
edgeaboutwor
ld
educat
ionsy
stemsandt
heor
ies,buti
tal
sodev
elopsourpower
soft
hinki
ng.Thest
udy
hel
psust
otr
ainandex
erci
seal
ltheessent
ialaspect
sofi
ntel
l
ect
ualact
ivi
ty.I
tal
so
exci
tescur
iosi
tyandt
hespi
ri
tofenqui
ry,
disci
pli
nest
hef
acul
tyofr
eason,
cul
ti
vat
est
he
ar
tofsel
f-
expr
essi
onandcommuni
cat
ion.Thehi
stor
icalst
udyal
sohel
psusdev
elop
t
heat
ti
tudesoft
hemi
ndoft
heeducat
edper
son;habi
tsofscept
ici
sm andcr
it
ici
sm;of
t
hinki
ngwi
thper
spect
iveandobj
ect
ivi
tyandt
hepowert
oassessorev
aluat
eissues.
Forexampl
ethewr
it
tendocument
sonwhi
chweder
iveknowl
edgeoft
hepastmustbe
usedcr
it
ical
l
yandscept
ical
l
ysi
ncet
hecont
ent
swer
edet
ermi
nedbyf
all
i
blehuman
bei
ngswhomadedeci
si
onsonwhatt
orecor
dandwhatt
oomi
t.Thehi
stor
icalst
udyof
educat
ionwi
l
lhel
ponegi
veshape,
for
m,or
gani
zat
ion,
sequence,
int
err
elat
ionshi
ps,
and
si
gni
fi
canceofi
deasandev
ent
s.

Hi
stor
yofeducat
ioni
simpor
tantbecausei
tfor
mst
hesour
ceuponwhi
chal
lot
her
f
iel
dsdr
aw t
hei
rmat
eri
alorcont
ent
.Al
thoughhi
stor
yofeducat
iondoesnothav
ea
monopol
yont
hest
udyofhumanaf
fai
rs,i
tpr
ovi
dest
her
awr
ecor
dofwhathappened
andset
sthest
ageonwhi
chot
herf
ormsofspeci
ali
zedi
nqui
rymustoper
ate.I
nthe
samebr
eat
h,i
tisi
mpossi
blef
orhi
stor
iansofeducat
iont
ounder
standf
ull
ythenat
ure
oft
hephenomenabei
ng st
udi
ed wi
thoutbei
ng knowl
edgeabl
eint
heot
hersoci
al
sci
encessuchassoci
ology
,psy
chol
ogy
,andant
hropol
ogyt
oenr
icht
heanal
ysi
sof
i
mpor
tanteducat
ionali
deas.Thesedi
sci
pli
nesar
eusef
ult
othehi
stor
iansofeducat
ion
si
ncet
heyhav
eshedsi
gni
fi
cantl
i
ghti
nther
ecentpastonhumanmot
ivat
ionand
humannat
ure,
socr
it
ical
tohi
stor
ical
studi
es.