MEC201 Dynamics of Structures and Machines

Introduction

Jem Rongong
Room: D230 Mappin Building (near top of spiral stair)
Email: [email protected]
TurningPoint
• We’ll be using TurningPoint in live lectures
◦ I get to see what you think about something
◦ You get to see what others think
◦ I’m not collecting names!

• Access this either with the TurningPoint app (android/apple) or

by going to http://ttpoll.eu
• The Session ID will be MEC201

• First-time users need to link your account with the University.

Find out how to do this at,
https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/apse/digital/turningpoint/essentialsforstudents

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Introduction

• What will I learn?

• How does this course work?

• What’s the assessment like?

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What will I learn?
• Vibration of single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems
◦ Free vibration
◦ Steady-state forced vibration
◦ Arbitrary vibration
◦ Equivalent system models

• Rigid body mechanics

◦ 2D rigid body mechanisms
◦ Rigid rotors

See BB pages for official Learning Outcomes

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Understanding dynamics is important

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4EvVR10AF0
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How does this course work?
• Live sessions
◦ Lectures (L1, L2 … L17)
◦ Drop-in tutorials (Weeks 2-12)
◦ Vibrating beam lab (Weeks 2 and 4)
◦ Matlab support (Week 6)
• Things you can do by yourself
◦ Problem Sheets (S1, S2, … S5)
◦ Matlab
◦ Coursework (Numerical Study and Lab Report)
• Extra materials on Blackboard
◦ Pre-recorded videos (V1, V2, … V20), Self-test quizzes (4)

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Finding lecture slides

Preliminary versions of lecture slides will be uploaded at last a day before each session.
These may subsequently be altered on the day.

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Problem Sheets
• There are 5 problem sheets
◦ Free vibration
◦ Steady-state forced vibration
◦ System models and damping
◦ Kinematics
◦ Kinetics and rigid rotors
• Numerical answers with each question, worked solutions in
separate documents – use wisely
• Questions get harder – usually final questions are the “stretch”
ones and are tougher than what you will see in the exam

• Probably the highest priority activity on this course

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Vibrating beam experiment
• Free and forced vibration of a beam
◦ Focus on understanding of underlying theory and quantification of errors

• Attend 2 sessions (Weeks 2 and 4)

• Report
◦ Worth 10% of module mark
◦ Submit in Week 6

• Allow 10 hours for the entire activity

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Numerical Study
• Simulations of vibration behaviour using Matlab
◦ Revise Matlab – see Blackboard
◦ Start anytime – theory completed by end of Week 5
◦ Lecture in Week 6 will be support for the is activity

• Submit technical note online

◦ Week 8 (Monday 12:00)
◦ Worth 10% of module mark so allow 10 hours for the entire activity

To download Matlab, follow instructions at

https://students.sheffield.ac.uk/it-services/software#personal

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Assessment
• Exam – worth 80% of module mark
◦ 2 hour exam at end of semester
◦ All questions compulsory
◦ Invigilated in an exam hall
◦ Past papers available in April/May

• Coursework – worth 20% of module mark

◦ Report on the vibration exercise (10 marks)
◦ Technical note on the numerical study (10 marks)

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How do I know when to do things?

Week-by-Week guide is in the Module Overview

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How long should it take?

This is terrible! This is so exciting! I just can’t

I just need to stop myself working through
pass those differential equations!

Other subjects are I want to do well,

easier in terms of but I’ve got lots of
marks-per-effort, so other subjects and
I’ll spend my best friends to keep up
time on them with

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How long should these tasks take?
My suggestion
Everyone works at different Lectures 17
rates, but this module Tutorials 11
should take around 100
Videos (revision) 6
hours over this semester
Quizzes 2
Matlab 2
Use a “time budget”
approach and don’t allow Numerical study 10
yourself to overrun Vibrating beam 10
Problem sheets 30
Revision (past papers) 10
Exam 2

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Questions and Feedback

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First steps in modelling a dynamic system

Jem Rongong
Models of dynamic systems
• Engineers need to be able to predict the effects of force and
motion on structures and machinery

• This requires a mathematical model that is able to represent the

dynamics of the system

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Fundamental principles

M1 F1
a
m m
F2 ΣMG α
IG IG
Mn ∑F
Fn

∑F = ma
∑M = I α G G

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Development of a dynamics model

Specify intended purpose Choose model complexity

• what should it do? • Degrees of freedom
• Flexibility
• Kinematics
Update • Linearity
• Validate results
• Refine model Define applied forcing
• Reconsider purpose
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Time history
Solve equations of motion • Application point

Develop equations of motion

• Create a reduced-complexity model
• A free body diagram is often a good starting point for an analytical model

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Intended purpose example: car suspension
Some possible uses
• Steering loads

• Ride comfort

• Tyre materials

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Model complexity: degrees of freedom

The size of the model depends on the y

number of degrees of freedom the system
has.
ry

A single rigid body has 6 x

degrees of freedom rz rx
z

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Model complexity: flexible or rigid?

• Continuous structures
have infinite DOFs
• Depending on the
assumptions, the
appropriate model for
this structure can be 1
DOF up to many DOF
• Each part can be
modelled as flexible or
rigid

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Model complexity: kinematics
Relationship between motion at one point to motion
somewhere else

• Define link
between
motions

• Can reduce
complexity of a
problem

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Model complexity: linear or nonlinear?
A linear model obeys homogeneity and additivity

Homogeneity
if f ( a ) = A , then f ( Ca ) = CA

Additivity
if f ( a ) = A and f ( b ) = B , then f ( a + b ) = A + B

Linear systems obey the Principle of Superposition

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Example of a reduced-complexity model
Suggest an appropriate model for initial
estimates of earthquake survival

Water
tower

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Example of a reduced-complexity model

Choose model complexity

• Degrees of freedom
• Flexibility
• Kinematics
• Linearity

Define applied forcing

• Magnitude
• Direction
• Time history
• Application point

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Example of a reduced-complexity model
w

h mg

k
a meq

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