Q.
Explain different types of inheritance with the help of sample program
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Base Class for Single Inheritance
class Animal {
public:
void eat() {
cout << "Eating food!" << endl;
} };
// Derived Class (Single Inheritance)
class Dog : public Animal {
public:
void bark() {
cout << "Barking!" << endl;
} };
// Base Class for Multiple Inheritance
class Vehicle {
public:
void drive() {
cout << "Driving vehicle!" << endl;
} };
// Another Base Class for Multiple Inheritance
class Machine {
public:
void operate() {
cout << "Operating machine!" << endl;
} };
// Derived Class (Multiple Inheritance)
class Car : public Vehicle, public Machine {
public:
void honk() {
cout << "Honk honk!" << endl;
} };
// Base Class for Multilevel Inheritance
class Shape {
public:
void draw() {
cout << "Drawing shape!" << endl;
} };
// Derived Class for Multilevel Inheritance
class Rectangle : public Shape {
public:
void area() {
cout << "Calculating area of rectangle!" << endl;
} };
// Derived Class for Multilevel Inheritance
class ColoredRectangle : public Rectangle {
public:
void color() {
cout << "Coloring rectangle!" << endl;
} };
int main() {
// Single Inheritance
cout << "Single Inheritance Example:" << endl;
Dog dog;
dog.eat(); // From Animal class
dog.bark(); // From Dog class
cout << endl;
// Multiple Inheritance
cout << "Multiple Inheritance Example:" << endl;
Car car;
car.drive(); // From Vehicle class
car.operate(); // From Machine class
car.honk(); // From Car class
cout << endl;
// Multilevel Inheritance
cout << "Multilevel Inheritance Example:" << endl;
ColoredRectangle coloredRect;
coloredRect.draw(); // From Shape class
coloredRect.area(); // From Rectangle class
coloredRect.color(); // From ColoredRectangle class
return 0;
}
Q. Write a program to overload + operator.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class MyClass {
private:
int value;
public:
// Constructor to initialize the value
MyClass(int v) : value(v) {}
// Overloading the + operator
MyClass operator+(const MyClass& other) {
return MyClass(value + other.value);
}
// Function to display the value
void display() const {
cout << value << endl;
} };
int main() {
MyClass obj1(10);
MyClass obj2(20);
// Using the overloaded + operator
MyClass result = obj1 + obj2;
// Display the result
result.display(); // Output will be 30
return 0;
}
Q. Write a program for dynamic memory allocation.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
// Dynamically allocate memory for an integer
int* ptr = new int;
// Assign a value to the allocated memory
*ptr = 42;
int a = 10;
// Display the value
cout << "The value stored in dynamically allocated memory: " << *ptr << endl;
// Free the dynamically allocated memory
delete ptr;
return 0;
}
Q. Write a program to show the working of constructor.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Base class
class Base {
public:
Base() {
cout << "Base class constructor called!" << endl;
}
};
// Derived class
class Derived : public Base {
public:
Derived() {
cout << "Derived class constructor called!" << endl;
} };
int main() {
// Creating an object of the derived class
Derived obj;
return 0;
}
Q. Wap to overload unary addition operator
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class MyClass {
private:
int value;
public:
// Constructor to initialize the value
MyClass(int v) : value(v) {}
// Overloading the + operator
MyClass operator+(const MyClass& other) {
return MyClass(value + other.value);
}
// Function to display the value
void display() const {
cout << value << endl;
} };
int main() {
MyClass obj1(10);
MyClass obj2(20);
// Using the overloaded + operator
MyClass result = obj1 + obj2;
// Display the result
result.display(); // Output will be 30
return 0;
}
Q. WAP to show the use of friend function
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class MyClass {
private:
int value;
public:
// Constructor to initialize value
MyClass(int v) : value(v) {}
// Declaring friend function
friend void displayValue(const MyClass& obj);
};
// Friend function definition
void displayValue(const MyClass& obj)
{
cout << "The value is: " << obj.value << endl;
}
int main() {
MyClass obj(42); // Create an object of MyClass with value 42
displayValue(obj);
return 0;
}
Q. Write a sample program to show difference between c and c++
C ->>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main(){
printf("Hello Duniya !!!! ");
}
C++ ->>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main(){
cout<<"Hello Duniya!!!! ";
}
Q. Write a program to calculate factorial of a number using construrctor
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Factorial {
private:
int number;
int fact;
public:
// Constructor to initialize the number and calculate the factorial
Factorial(int num) {
number = num;
fact = 1;
calculateFactorial();
}
// Function to calculate factorial
void calculateFactorial() {
for (int i = 1; i <= number; i++) {
fact *= i;
}
cout << "Factorial of " << number << " is " << fact << endl;
}
};
int main() {
int num;
// Input from user
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> num;
// Create an object of the Factorial class
Factorial factObj(num);
return 0;
}
Q. Write a code to show the use of polymorphism
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Base class (parent class)
class Animal {
public:
// Virtual function to allow polymorphism
virtual void speak() {
cout << "Some generic animal sound" << endl;
}
};
// Derived class (child class)
class Dog : public Animal {
public:
// Override the speak method
void speak() override {
cout << "Woof!" << endl;
}
};
// Another derived class (child class)
class Cat : public Animal {
public:
// Override the speak method
void speak() override {
cout << "Meow!" << endl;
}
};
// Another derived class (child class)
class Cow : public Animal {
public:
// Override the speak method
void speak() override {
cout << "Moo!" << endl;
}
};
// Function that uses polymorphism
void animalSpeak(Animal* animal) {
animal->speak();
}
int main() {
// Create objects of the derived classes
Dog dog;
Cat cat;
Cow cow;
// Passing objects of different types to the function (Polymorphism in action)
animalSpeak(&dog); // Output: Woof!
animalSpeak(&cat); // Output: Meow!
animalSpeak(&cow); // Output: Moo!
return 0;
}
Q. Write a program in c++ to calculate average marks of 50 students in the class
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
// Declare variables
const int NUM_STUDENTS = 50;
float marks[NUM_STUDENTS];
float sum = 0.0;
float average;
// Taking marks as input for each student
cout << "Enter marks for " << NUM_STUDENTS << " students:\n";
for(int i = 0; i < NUM_STUDENTS; i++) {
cout << "Enter marks for student " << (i+1) << ": ";
cin >> marks[i];
// Check if marks are within a valid range (0 to 100)
if(marks[i] < 0 || marks[i] > 100) {
cout << "Invalid input. Marks should be between 0 and 100.\n";
i--;
}
}
// Calculate the sum of marks
for(int i = 0; i < NUM_STUDENTS; i++) {
sum += marks[i];
}
// Calculate the average marks
average = sum / NUM_STUDENTS;
// Output the result
cout << "The average marks of the " << NUM_STUDENTS << " students is: " << average <<
endl;
return 0;
}
Q. Write a sample code to show the use of constructor
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Base class
class Base {
public:
Base() {
cout << "Base class constructor called!" << endl;
}
};
// Derived class
class Derived : public Base {
public:
Derived() {
cout << "Derived class constructor called!" << endl;
} };
int main() {
// Creating an object of the derived class
Derived obj;
return 0;
}
Q. Write a code to show how overriding is achieved
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Base class (parent class)
class Animal {
public:
// Virtual function to allow polymorphism
virtual void speak() {
cout << "Some generic animal sound" << endl;
}
};
// Derived class (child class)
class Dog : public Animal {
public:
// Override the speak method
void speak() override {
cout << "Woof!" << endl;
}
};
// Another derived class (child class)
class Cat : public Animal {
public:
// Override the speak method
void speak() override {
cout << "Meow!" << endl;
}
};
// Another derived class (child class)
class Cow : public Animal {
public:
// Override the speak method
void speak() override {
cout << "Moo!" << endl;
}
};
// Function that uses polymorphism
void animalSpeak(Animal* animal) {
animal->speak();
}
int main() {
// Create objects of the derived classes
Dog dog;
Cat cat;
Cow cow;
// Passing objects of different types to the function (Polymorphism in action)
animalSpeak(&dog); // Output: Woof!
animalSpeak(&cat); // Output: Meow!
animalSpeak(&cow); // Output: Moo!
return 0;
}
Q. Wap to show how exception handling achieved in c++
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Function that divides two numbers and throws an exception if division by zero occurs
double divide(double numerator, double denominator) {
if (denominator == 0) {
// Throwing exception when division by zero is attempted
throw "Error: Division by zero!"; }
return numerator / denominator; }
int main() {
double num1, num2;
// Taking input from the user
cout << "Enter numerator: ";
cin >> num1;
cout << "Enter denominator: ";
cin >> num2;
try {
// Attempt to perform division
double result = divide(num1, num2);
cout << "Result: " << result << endl; }
catch (const char* msg) {
// Catching the exception and displaying the error message
cout << msg << endl; }
return 0; }
Q. WAP to update the content using random access.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
struct Record {
int id;
char name[50];
};
int main() {
string filename = "data.txt";
vector<Record> records;
// Read records from file
ifstream file(filename);
if (!file) {
cout << "File could not be opened!" << endl;
return 1;
}
Record record;
while (file >> record.id) {
file.ignore();
file.getline(record.name, 50);
records.push_back(record);
}
file.close();
// Ask for record number to update
cout << "Enter record number to update: ";
int recordNumber;
cin >> recordNumber;
if (recordNumber < 0 || recordNumber >= records.size()) {
cout << "Invalid record number!" << endl;
return 1;
}
// Display current record and take new input
cout << "Current Record: ID=" << records[recordNumber].id
<< ", Name=" << records[recordNumber].name << endl;
cout << "Enter new ID: ";
cin >> records[recordNumber].id;
cout << "Enter new name: ";
cin.ignore(); // To clear leftover newline
cin.getline(records[recordNumber].name, 50);
// Write updated records back to file
ofstream outFile(filename);
for (const auto& rec : records) {
outFile << rec.id << " " << rec.name << endl; }
cout << "Record updated successfully!" << endl;
return 0; }
Q.WAP to check palindrome
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
bool isPalindrome(int number) {
int originalNumber = number;
int reversedNumber = 0;
int remainder;
// Reverse the given number
while (number != 0) {
remainder = number % 10; // Get the last digit
reversedNumber = reversedNumber * 10 + remainder; // Build the reversed number
number /= 10; // Remove the last digit
}
return originalNumber == reversedNumber; }
int main() {
int num;
// Input the number
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> num;
// Check if the number is a palindrome
if (isPalindrome(num)) {
cout << num << " is a palindrome number." << endl; }
else
{ cout << num << " is not a palindrome number." << endl; }
return 0;
}
Q.WAP to compare two string
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string str1, str2;
// Input two strings
cout << "Enter the first string: ";
getline(cin, str1);
cout << "Enter the second string: ";
getline(cin, str2);
// Compare the two strings
if (str1 == str2) {
cout << "The strings are equal." << endl;
} else {
cout << "The strings are not equal." << endl;
}
return 0; }
Q. Wap to print following pattern
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
for (int i = 5; i >= 1; i--) {
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
cout << "* "; // Print a star followed by a space
}
cout << endl; // Move to the next line after each row
}
return 0;
}
Q.Wap to find sum of series
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num;
cout<<"Enter the Number";
cin>>num;
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i <= num; i++)
{
sum+=i;
}
cout<<"The Sum of N number is "<< sum;
return 0;
}
Q. WAP to calculate area of rectangle, triangle and spehere
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
// Function to calculate the area of a rectangle
double calculateArea(double length, double width) {
return length * width;
}
// Function to calculate the area of a triangle
double calculateArea(double base, double height, int) {
return 0.5 * base * height;
}
// Function to calculate the surface area of a sphere
double calculateArea(double radius) {
return 4 * M_PI * radius * radius;
}
int main() {
double length, width, base, height, radius;
// Rectangle
cout << "Enter the length and width of the rectangle: ";
cin >> length >> width;
cout << "Area of Rectangle: " << calculateArea(length, width) << endl;
// Triangle
cout << "Enter the base and height of the triangle: ";
cin >> base >> height;
cout << "Area of Triangle: " << calculateArea(base, height, 0) << endl;
// Sphere
cout << "Enter the radius of the sphere: ";
cin >> radius;
cout << "Surface Area of Sphere: " << calculateArea(radius) << endl;
return 0;
}
Q. Fibonacci Series
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int num1 = 0, num2 = 1, nextTerm;
cout << "Fibonacci Series: ";
// Loop to print the first 10 numbers
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 0) {
cout << num1 << " ";
continue;
}
if (i == 1) {
cout << num2 << " ";
continue;
}
nextTerm = num1 + num2; // Sum of the previous two terms
cout << nextTerm << " ";
// Update num1 and num2 for the next term
num1 = num2;
num2 = nextTerm;
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
Q. WAP to test the train class
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Train {
private:
int trainNumber;
string trainName;
string source;
string destination;
int capacity;
public:
// Function to initialize train data
void initializeMember(int tNumber, string tName, string src, string dest, int
cap) {
trainNumber = tNumber;
trainName = tName;
source = src;
destination = dest;
capacity = cap;
}
// Function to input train data from the user
void inputTrainData() {
cout << "Enter Train Number: ";
cin >> trainNumber;
cin.ignore(); // To ignore the newline character left in the input buffer
cout << "Enter Train Name: ";
getline(cin, trainName);
cout << "Enter Source: ";
getline(cin, source);
cout << "Enter Destination: ";
getline(cin, destination);
cout << "Enter Capacity: ";
cin >> capacity;
}
// Function to display train data
void displayData() const {
cout << "\nTrain Details:" << endl;
cout << "Train Number: " << trainNumber << endl;
cout << "Train Name: " << trainName << endl;
cout << "Source: " << source << endl;
cout << "Destination: " << destination << endl;
cout << "Capacity: " << capacity << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Train train;
// Option to initialize or input train data
int choice;
cout << "Choose an option: \n1. Initialize Train Data\n2. Input Train Data\nEnter
your choice: ";
cin >> choice;
if (choice == 1) {
// Initialize train data using default values
train.initializeMember(12345, "Express Train", "City A", "City B", 500);
} else
if (choice == 2) {
// Input train data from the user
train.inputTrainData();
} else {
cout << "Invalid choice!" << endl;
return 1;
}
// Display the train data
train.displayData();
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
// Name of the file to store data
string fileName = "telephone_list.txt";
// Create and open the file
ofstream outFile(fileName);
// Check if the file is open
if (!outFile) {
cerr << "Error: Unable to create the file." << endl;
return 1; // Exit the program with an error code
}
// Write data to the file
outFile << "John 34567\n";
outFile << "Hari 56792\n";
// Close the file
outFile.close();
cout << "Data has been written to " << fileName << " successfully!" << endl;
return 0;
}
