ASME B30.

18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011
(Revision of
(Revision of ASME
ASMEB30.18-2004)
B30.18-2004)

Stacker Cranes
Stacker Cranes
(Top or
(Top or Under
Under Running
Running Bridge,
Bridge,
Multiple Girder
Multiple Girder With
With Top
Top or
or
Under Running
Under Running Trolley
Trolley Hoist)
Hoist)

Safety Standard
Safety Standard for
for Cableways,Cranes,
Cableways,Cranes,
Derricks, Hoists,
Derricks, Hoists, Hooks,
Hooks, Jacks,
Jacks, and
and
Slings
Slings

A N AMERICAN
AN A M E R I C A N NATIONAL
N A T I O N A L STANDARD
STA N DA R D

The American Society of

Mechanical Engineers

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 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011
(Revision of
(Revision of ASME
ASME B30.18-2004)
B30.18-2004)

Stacker Cranes
(Top or Under Running Bridge,
(Top
Girder With Top
Multiple Girder Top or
Under Running Trolley Hoist)

Standard for
Safety Standard for Cableways,
Cableways, Cranes,
Cranes,
Hooks, Jacks,
Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and
Slings

A N AMERICAN
AN A M E R I C A N NATIONAL
N A T I O N A L STANDARD
STANDARD

The American Society of

Mechanical Engineers Three Park
Three ParkAvenue
Avenue•• New
New York,
York,NY
NY•• 10016
10016 USA
USA

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 Date
Date of
of Issuance: April
April 29,
29, 2011

The next
The next edition
edition of
of this Standard is scheduled
scheduled for
for publication
publication in
in 2016.
2016. This
This Standard
Standard will
will become
effective
effective 11 year
year after
after the
the Date
Date of
of Issuance.
Issuance. There
Therewill
willbe
beno
noaddenda
addenda issued
issued to this edition.

ASME issues
ASME issueswritten
writtenreplies
repliestotoinquiries
inquiriesconcerning
concerninginterpretations
interpretationsof
oftechnical
technicalaspects
aspects of
of this
Standard. Interpretations are
are published
publishedononthe
theASME
ASME Web Web site
site under
under the Committee
Committee Pages
Pages at
http://cstools.asme.org as they are issued,
issued, and
and will
will also be
be published
published within
within the next edition of the
Standard.

ASME isisthe
ASME the registered of The
registered trademark of The American
American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

This code
This code or standard was was developed
developed under
under procedures
procedures accredited
accredited as asmeeting
meetingthe thecriteria
criteriafor
forAmerican
American National
National
The Standards Committee
Standards. The Committee thatthat approved
approved thethe code or standard was balancedbalanced to to assure
assure that
thatindividuals
individuals from
from
competent and concerned interests have had an an opportunity
opportunity to participate. The The proposed
proposed code code or
or standard was made
available for public
public review
reviewandand comment
comment that
that provides
provides an opportunity for for additional
additional public inputinput from
from industry,
industry, academia,
academia,
regulatory
regulatory agencies,
agencies, and thethe public-at-large.
public-at-large.
ASME does
ASME doesnot
not “approve,”
"approve," “rate,”
"rate," or "endorse"
“endorse” any any item,
item, construction,
construction, proprietary
proprietary device,
device, oror activity.
activity.
ASME does
ASME doesnot
nottake
take any
any position
position with
withrespect
respect toto the
the validity
validity of
of any
any patent
patent rights
rights asserted in in connection
connection withwith any
items mentioned
mentioned in this document, and does does not
not undertake
undertake to toinsure
insureanyone
anyoneutilizing
utilizing aa standard
standard against
againstliability
liability for
for
infringement
infringement ofofany
anyapplicable
applicableletters
letters patent,
patent, nor assumes any any such
such liability.
liability. Users
Users of of aa code
code oror standard
standard are expressly
advised
advised that determination
determination of of the validity
validity of
of any
any such
such patent rights, and the the risk
risk of
of infringement
infringement of of such rights,
rights, is
entirely
entirely their own responsibility.
Participation
Participationby byfederal
federalagency
agencyrepresentative(s)
representative(s)ororperson(s)
person(s)affiliated
affiliatedwith
withindustry
industryisisnot nottoto be
be interpreted
interpreted as
government
government or or industry
industry endorsement
endorsement of of this
this code
code oror standard.
ASME accepts
ASME acceptsresponsibility
responsibilityfor
foronly
onlythose
thoseinterpretations
interpretationsofofthis
thisdocument
documentissuedissued inin accordance
accordance withwiththe
the established
established
ASME procedures
ASME proceduresandandpolicies,
policies,which
whichprecludes
precludes thethe issuance of interpretations by by individuals.
individuals.

No
No part
part of
of this document may be reproduced
reproduced in
in any
any form,
form,
in an electronic
electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written
without written permission
permission of
of the publisher.

The American
American Society
Society of
of Mechanical Engineers
Avenue, New
Three Park Avenue, New York,
York, NY
NY10016-5990
10016-5990

Copyright
Copyright© © 2011
2011 by
AMERICAN SOCIETY
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights
All rights reserved
Printed in
in U.S.A.
U.S.A.

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 CONTENTS

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iviv
Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
B30 Standard
B30 Standard Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii vii
Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

Chapter 18-0
Chapter 18-0 Scope, Definitions, and
and References
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
18-0.1
Section 18-0.1 of B30.18
Scope of B30.18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section 18-0.2
18-0.2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section 18-0.3
18-0.3 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Chapter 18-1
Chapter 18-1 Construction and
General Construction and Installation.
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
18-1.1
Section 18-1.1 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
18-1.2
Section 18-1.2 Clearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
18-1.3
Section 18-1.3 General Construction — — Runways
Runways and and Supporting Structures . . . . . . . . . 8
18-1.4
Section 18-1.4 Stacker Crane Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Section 18-1.5
18-1.5 Cabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Section 18-1.6
18-1.6 Footwalks
Footwalks and Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
18-1.7
Section 18-1.7 Stops, Bumpers,
Bumpers, Rail Rail Sweeps,
Sweeps, and and Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10
18-1.8
Section 18-1.8 Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
11
18-1.9
Section 18-1.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical 12
12
Section 18-1.10 Hoisting
Section 18-1.10 Hoisting Equipment
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
17
Section 18-1.11 Warning
Section 18-1.11 Warning Devices
Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
17
Section 18-1.12 Lubrication
Section 18-1.12 Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
17

Chapter 18-2
Chapter 18-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Section 18-2.1
18-2.1 Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
18
18-2.2
Section 18-2.2 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
19
18-2.3
Section 18-2.3 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
19
Section 18-2.4
18-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement,
Replacement, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
20

Chapter 18-3
Chapter Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Operation
Section 18-3.1
18-3.1 Qualifications
Qualifications for for andand Conduct of Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 22
Section 18-3.2
18-3.2 Handling the Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 23
Section 18-3.3
18-3.3 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 24

Figures
18-0.2.1-1 Cab-Operated Stacker Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
18-0.2.1-2 Floor-Operated Stacker Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
18-0.2.1-3 Stacker Crane Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Underhung Stacker 4
18-1.9.3-1 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers or Master Switches Switches
(Three-Motor Crane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
14
18-1.9.3-2 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers or Master Switches Switches
(Four-Motor Crane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
14
18-1.9.3-3 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Pendant Push-Button
Station Arrangement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
15
18-1.9.3-4 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Radio Crane Control
Transmitter Lever Arrangement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
16

iii
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 FOREWORD

This American National Standard, Safety Safety Standard

Standard for for Cableways,
Cableways, Cranes,
Cranes, Derricks,
Derricks, Hoists,
Hooks, Jacks,
Jacks, and
and Slings,
Slings,hashas been
been developed
developed under under the procedures accredited by the American
National Standards
Standards Institute
Institute (ANSI)
(ANSI) (formerly the United States of America America Standards
Standards Institute).
This Standard had had its
its beginning
beginning in in December
December 1916 when when an eight-page Code of Safety Safety Standards
Standards
for Cranes,
Cranes, prepared by by anan ASME
ASME Committee
Committee on the the Protection
Protection of of Industrial
Industrial Workers,
Workers, was
presented to thethe annual
annual meeting
meeting of of ASME.
ASME.
Meetings and discussions regarding
regarding safety
safety on on cranes,
cranes, derricks, and and hoists
hoists were
were held
held from
from 1920
1920
to 1925, involving the
1925, involving the ASME
ASME Safety
Safety Code
Code Correlating
Correlating Committee,
Committee, the the Association
Association of of Iron
Iron and
Steel Electrical
Electrical Engineers,
Engineers, thethe American
American MuseumMuseum of Safety,Safety,thethe American
American Engineering
Engineering Standards
Standards
Committee (later changed
Committee (later changed to American
American Standards Association Association and subsequently
subsequently to the the USA
USA
Standards Institute), Department
Department of Labor — State of New New Jersey, Department of
Jersey, Department of Labor
Labor and
Industry — — State
State of
of Pennsylvania,
Pennsylvania, and the the Locomotive
Locomotive Crane Crane Manufacturers
Manufacturers Association.
Association. On
June 11, 1925,
1925,thetheAmerican
AmericanEngineering
Engineering Standards
Standards Committee approved approved the the ASME
ASME Safety Code
Correlating Committee’s
Committee's recommendation
recommendation and authorized the the project
project with
with the
the U.S.
U.S. Department
of the Navy, Bureau of Yards Yards andand Docks, and ASME ASME as sponsors.
In March
March 1926, invitations were
1926, invitations were issued
issued to to 50
50 organizations
organizations to to appoint representatives
representatives to to a
Sectional Committee.
Committee. The call for organization
organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October 2,
1926, and the committee organized
1926, and organized November
November 4, 4, 1926, with
with 5757 members
members representing 29 national
organizations. The SafetySafety Code
Code forfor Cranes,
Cranes, Derricks,
Derricks, and andHoists,
Hoists,ASA ASAB30.2-1943,
B30.2-1943, was created
from the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. paragraph. ThisThis document
document was was reaffirmed
reaffirmed
in 1952 and widely
1952 and widely accepted
accepted as as a safety
safety standard.
Due to changes in design,
design, advancement
advancement in in techniques,
techniques, and and general interest
interest of
of labor
laborandand industry
industry
in safety, the
the Sectional
Sectional Committee,
Committee, under under the joint sponsorship
sponsorship of of ASME
ASME and the Naval Facilities
Engineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy,
U.S. Department Navy, waswas reorganized
reorganized as an American National
Standards Committee
Committee on on January
January 31, 31, 1962,
1962, withwith 3939 members
members representing
representing 27 27 national
organizations.
The format of the previous code was changed so so that
that separate
separate Volumes
Volumes (each complete as to
construction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) will cover the
different types of equipment included in
different in the
the scope
scope of of B30.
B30.
In 1982, the Committee
1982, the Committee was was reorganized
reorganized as as an
an Accredited
Accredited Organization
Organization Committee,
Committee, operating
operating
under procedures
procedures developed
developed by by ASME
ASME and accredited
accredited by by ANSI.
ANSI.
This Standard presents
This Standard presents aa coordinated
coordinated set set of
of rules
rules that may serve as a guide guide toto government
government
and other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities authorities responsible for the the guarding
guarding and inspection
of the equipment
equipment falling
falling within its its scope.
scope. TheThe suggestions
suggestions leading to accidentaccident prevention are
given both as mandatory and and advisory
advisory provisions;
provisions; compliance with both types may be required
by employers of their employees.
In case ofof practical
practical difficulties,
difficulties,newnewdevelopments,
developments,or orunnecessary
unnecessaryhardship,
hardship, thethe administrative
administrative
or regulatory authority may grant variances variances fromfrom the literal requirements
requirements or or permit the use of of
other
other devices
devices oror methods,
methods, but but only when itit isis clearly clearly evident
evident that
that anan equivalent
equivalent degree
degree ofof
protection is thereby secured. To To secure
secureuniform
uniform application
application andand interpretation
interpretation of this Standard,
administrative or regulatory
regulatory authorities
authorities are are urged
urgedto toconsult
consultthetheB30
B30 Committee,
Committee, in in accordance
accordance
with the
the format
format described
described in in Section
Section IX IX ofof the
the B30
B30 Standard
Standard Introduction,
Introduction, before
before rendering
rendering
decisions on
decisions on disputed points.
This Volume
Volume of of the
the Standard,
Standard, which was approved approved by by the
the B30
B30 Committee and and by
by ASME,
ASME, was
approved by ANSI ANSI and designated
designated as as an
an American
American National
National Standard
Standardon onMarch
March5, 5, 2011.
2011.
Safety codes and standards
standards areare intended
intendedto toenhance
enhancepublic
publicsafety.
safety. Revisions result from commit-
tee consideration
consideration of factors such such as
as technological
technologicaladvances,
advances,new newdata,
data,and
and changing
changing environmental
environmental
and industry needs.
needs. Revisions
Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.

iv
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 B30COMMITTEE
ASME B30 COMMITTEE
Standard for
Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,
Cranes, Derricks,
Derricks, Hoists,
Hooks,
Hooks, Jacks,
Jacks, and
and Slings
Slings
(The
(The following
followingisisthe
theroster
roster of
ofthe
the Committee
Committeeat
at the
the time
time of
of approval
approval of
of this Standard.)

OFFICERS
STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS
P.
P. S. Zorich, Chair
Parnell, Vice
R. M. Parnell, Vice Chair
K. M. Hyam,
Hyam, Secretary

STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

STANDARDS PERSONNEL
N. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp
ThyssenKrupp SteelSteelUSA,
USA,LLC
LLC D. K. Huber, Alternate, Columbus McKinnon
McKinnon Corp.
W. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QinetiQ North America
America L. D. Means, Means Engineering and Consulting/Wire
Consulting/Wire Rope
R. E. Bluff IV, Gantry
Gantry Constructors, Inc. Technical Board
P.
P. A. Boeckman, The CrosbyCrosby Group, Inc. Sleightholm, Alternate, Bridon American Corp.
D. M. Sleightholm,
J. Bolen, E.
R. J. E. I.I. DuPont K. J.
J. Miller, Jacobs Engineering
Engineering
A. D. Brown,
Brown, Poms
Poms and Associates E. Whitford, Alternate, Haag Engineering
P. E.
P.
M. E.
E. Brunet,
Brunet, The Manitowoc Co. Co. D. Morgan, Mission Support Alliance
Alliance
T. A. Christensen, Alliance
Alliance of
of American
American Insurers/Liberty Mutual C. Brewer, Alternate, Mission Support Alliance
Alliance
Insurance G. L.
L Owens,
Owens, Consultant
M. W.W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty
Liberty Mutual Group R. M. Parnell,
Parnell, Wire
Wire Rope
Rope Rigging
Rigging Consultants/Industrial Training
Consultants/Industrial Training
Closson, Craft
B. D. Closson, Craft Forensic
Forensic Services,
Services, Inc. International, Inc.
T. L Blanton,
T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB NACBGroup,
Group, Inc. J.
J. Danielson, Alternate, Boeing
J. P.
J. P. Colletti,
Collett', John RP. Colletti
Colletti & & Associates, Inc. J. T. Perkins, Consultant
J. T.
R. A. Dahlin, Walker
Walker Magnetics Group J.
J. E. Richardson, U.S.
U.S. Department
Department of thethe Navy
Navy
K.
K. M.
M. Jankowski,
Jankowski, Alternate, Walker
Walker Magnetics Group M. M.
M.Jaxheimer,
Jaxheimer, Alternate, Navy
Navy Crane
Crane Center
L
L. D.
D. DeMark,
DeMark, Equipment Training Training Solutions,
Solutions,LLC
LLC D. W. Ritchie, David Ritchie Consultant,
Consultant,LLC LLC
D. Jordan, Alternate, BP J. D. Wiethorn,
J. D. Wiethom, Alternate, Haag Engineering Co.
D. W. Eckstine, Eckstine
Eckstine and and Associates J. W.
J. W. Rowland
Rowland III,
III, Consultant
H. G. Leidich,
Leidich, Alternate, Leidich
Leidich Consulting
Consulting Services J.
J. C. Ryan, Boh
Boh Brothers Construction Co. Co.
R. J. Edwards, Alliance
Alliance Concrete
Concrete Pumps A. R. Ruud,
Ruud, Alternate, Atkinson Construction
J.
J. L. Bury, Alternate, Putzmeister America America D. Sayenga, The Cardon Management Group Group
E. D. Fidler, The Manitowoc Co. Co. J. A. Gilbert, Alternate, Associated Wire
J. A. Wire Rope Fabricators
J. L.
J. Gordon, Acco
L Gordon, Acco Material
Material Handling
Handling Solutions D. W. Smith, Chicago
Chicago Bridge
Bridge and Iron
Iron Co.
Co.
N. C. Hargreaves, Terex Corp. S. K. Rammelsburg,
Rammelsburg, Alternate, Chicago
Chicago Bridge
Bridge and Iron
Iron Co.
Co.
C. E. !merman,
Imerman, Alternate, Link-Belt
Link-BeltConstruction
Construction Equipment
Equipment Co. W. J.
J. Smith, Jr.,
Jr., NBIS
NBISClaims
Claimsandand Risk
Risk Management,
Management, Inc.
J. J. Headley,
J. J. Headley, Crane Institute of of America
America J. Schoppert, Alternate, NBIS
J. NBISClaims
Claimsandand Risk
Risk Management
Management
W. C. Dickinson, Alternate, Crane Industry Industry Services,
Services,LLC
LLC R. G. Strain, Advanced CraneCrane Technologies,
Technologies,LLCLLC
G. B. Hetherston, E. E. I.I. DuPont J. Sturm, Crane’s
J. Aerial Truck
Crane's Aerial Truck Service
K. M. Hyam,
Hyam, The American
American Society
Society of Mechanical Engineers P. D. Sweeney, General Dynamics, Electric Boat
P.
C. W. Ireland, National OilwellOilwell Varco
Varco B. M.
M. Casey,
Casey, Alternate, Electric
Electric Boat
A. J.
J. Egging, Alternate, National OilwellOilwell Varco
Varco A.
A. R. Toth, Morris
Morris Material
Material Handling
Jackson, Tulsa Winch Group
D. C. Jackson, J. D. Edmundson, Alternate, Morris
J. Morris Material
Material Handling
W. E. Osborn, Alternate, Ingersoll Rand B.
B. E. Weir, Jr.,
Jr., Association of Union Constructors/Norris Brothers
P. R. Juhren, Morrow Equipment
Equipment Co.,Co.,LLC
LLC Co., Inc.
R. M. Kohner,
Kohner, Landmark
Landmark Engineering
Engineering Services J. R. Schober, Alternate, American Bridge Co.
J.
D. Duerr, Alternate, 2DM 2DM Associates,
Associates, Inc. R. C. Wild, U.S.
U.S. Army
Army Corps
Corps of
of Engineers
Crosby Group, Inc.
C. E. Lucas, The Crosby E. B. Stewart, Alternate, U.S.
U.S. Army
Army Corps
Corps of
of Engineers
F. P. Massaro, Alternate, Bishop Lifting
F. P. Lifting Products,
Products, Inc. D. N. Wolff, National Crane/Manitowoc Crane Group Group
J. Lusi, International Union
A. J. Union of Operating Engineers A. LL. Calta,
Calta, Alternate, Manitowoc Crane Group
D.
D. W. Frantz, Alternate, Ohio Ohio Operating Engineers Local
Local 18 P.
P. S. Zorich, RZP
RZPInternational
International Ltd.
E.
E. K. Marburg, Columbus McKinnon McKinnon Corp. H. W. Fair, Alternate, H.
H. Fair
Fair Associates,
Associates, Inc.

v
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 HONORARY
HONORARY MEMBERS
J. W.
J. W. Downs, Jr., Downs
Downs, Jr., Downs Crane
Crane and Hoist
Hoist Co.
Co.
J. L.
J. Franks, Consultant
L Franks,
J. M.
J. M.Klibert,
Wind, Lift-All
Lift-AllCo.,
Co., Inc.
Inc.
R. W. Parry, Consultant

B30.18 SUBCOMMITTEE PERSONNEL

B30.18 SUBCOMMITTEE PERSONNEL
J. L.
J. Gordon, Chair, Acco
L Gordon, Acco Material
Material Handling
Handling Solutions D.
D. A.
A. Moore, Unified
Unified Engineering, Inc.
A.D. Brown Co.
A. D. Brown, A.D. R.
R. G.
G. Strain, Advanced Crane
Crane Technologies,
Technologies,LLC
LLC

vi
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 SAFETY STANDARD
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
FOR CABLEWAYS,
CABLEWAYS,CRANES,
CRANES, DERRICKS,
DERRICKS, HOISTS,
HOISTS,
HOOKS, JACKS,
JACKS, AND
AND SLINGS

B30 STANDARD
B30 STANDARD INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

SECTION I:I: SCOPE

SECTION SCOPE B30.23 Personnel Lifting Systems
B30.24 Container Cranes
The ASME
ASME B30 B30Standard
Standardcontains
contains provisions
provisions that
apply
apply to the construction, installation, operation, inspec-
B30.25 Scrap and Material Handlers
tion, testing, maintenance,
maintenance, and use of cranes and other B30.26 Rigging
Rigging Hardware
lifting and material-handling
material-handling related
related equipment.
equipment. For the B30.27 Material Placement Systems
the reader,
convenience of the reader, the
theStandard
Standard has
has been
been divided
divided B30.28 Balance Lifting
Balance Lifting Units
into separate volumes. Each volume has
Each volume has been written B30.29 Self-Erect
Self-Erect Tower Cranes11
Tower Cranes
under thethe direction
direction of of the
theASME
ASME B30 B30 Standards
Committee and has successfully completed a consensus
approval process under the general general auspices of the SECTION II:
SECTION SCOPEEXCLUSIONS
II: SCOPE EXCLUSIONS
American National Standards Institute
Institute (ANSI).
(ANSI). The B30
B30Standard
Standard does
does not
not apply
apply to
to track
track and
and automo-
automo-
As of the
the date
date of
ofissuance
issuance ofof this
thisVolume,
Volume, the
the B30
B30 tive jacks, railway
railway or
or automobile wrecking cranes, ship-
Standard comprises
comprises the following
following volumes: board cranes, shipboard cargo-handling equipment,
B30.1 Jacks,
Jacks, Industrial Rollers, Air Casters,
Rollers, Air Casters, and well-drilling derricks, skip hoists, mine hoists, truck
well-drilling derricks,
Hydraulic Gantries body hoists, car or barge pullers,
pullers, conveyors,
conveyors, excavating
B30.2 Overhead
B30.2 Overheadand andGantry
GantryCranes
Cranes(Top
(Top Running
Running equipment,
equipment, or equipment covered
covered under the scopescope of
of
Bridge, Single
Single or Multiple Girder,
Girder, Top
Top the
the following
followingstandards:
standards:A10,
A10,A17,
A17,A90,
A90,A92,A92,A120,
A120, B20,
B20,
Running Trolley
Trolley Hoist) B56,
B56, and B77.
B77.
B30.3 Tower
B30.3 TowerCranes
Cranes
B30.4 Portal
B30.4 Portaland
andPedestal
Pedestal Cranes
Cranes
B30.5 Mobile
B30.5 MobileandandLocomotive
Locomotive Cranes
Cranes SECTION III:
SECTION PURPOSE
III: PURPOSE
B30.6 Derricks The B30
B30 Standard
Standard isis intended
intended to
B30.7 Base-Mounted
B30.7 Base-MountedDrum Drum Hoists
Hoists
(a) prevent or minimize injury to workers, and
(a) and other-
B30.8 Floating
B30.8 FloatingCranes
CranesandandFloating
Floating Derricks
Derricks
wise provide
provide for the protection
protection of life,
life, limb,
limb,and
andproperty
property
B30.9 Slings by prescribing safety requirements
B30.10 Hooks
B30.10 Hooks
(b) provide direction to manufacturers, owners,
(b)
B30.11 Monorails
B30.11 Monorails andand Underhung
Underhung Cranes
Cranes
employers, users, and others concerned with, or respon-
B30.12 Handling
B30.12 HandlingLoads
LoadsSuspended
SuspendedFromFrom Rotorcraft
Rotorcraft
sible for,
for, its application
B30.13 Storage/Retrieval
B30.13 Storage/Retrieval (S/R)
(S/R) Machines
Machines and
Associated Equipment
(c) guide governments
(c) governments and other regulatory
regulatory bodies
in the development, promulgation, and and enforcement
enforcement of
B30.14 Side
B30.14 SideBoom
Boom Tractors
Tractors
appropriate safety
safety directives
B30.15 Mobile
B30.15 Mobile Hydraulic
Hydraulic Cranes
Cranes
(withdrawn 19821982— - requirements
requirements found in
latest revision
revision of
of B30.5)
B30.5) SECTION IV: USE
SECTION USEBY
BYREGULATORY
REGULATORY AGENCIES
AGENCIES
B30.16 Overhead
B30.16 OverheadHoists
Hoists (Underhung)
(Underhung)
B30.17 Overhead
B30.17 Overheadand andGantry
GantryCranes
Cranes (Top
(Top Running These Volumesmay
These Volumes maybe beadopted
adopted inin whole
whole or
or in
in part
Bridge, Single
Single Girder,
Girder, Underhung
Underhung Hoist) for governmental or regulatory use. If adopted for gov-
B30.18 Stacker
B30.18 Stacker Cranes
Cranes (Top
(Top or Under Running ernmental use, the references
ernmental use, to other national
references to national codes
codes
Bridge,
Bridge, Multiple Girder With Top Top or Under and standards
standards inin the
thespecific
specific volumes may be changed
Running Trolley
Trolley Hoist) to refer to the corresponding regulations of the govern-
B30.19 Cableways
B30.19 Cableways mental authorities.
B30.20 Below-the-Hook
B30.20 Below-the-Hook Lifting
Lifting Devices
Devices
B30.21 Manually
B30.21 ManuallyLever-Operated
Lever-Operated Hoists
1
B30.22 Articulating
B30.22 ArticulatingBoom
Boom Cranes 1 This
This volume is currently in the development process.

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 SECTION V: EFFECTIVE
SECTION EFFECTIVE DATE
DATE Rationale:
Rationale: State
State the
the rationale
rationale for
for the
the suggested
suggested
revision.
(a)
(a) Effective Date. The effective date date of this
this Volume of
the B30 Standard shall be 11 yr
B30 Standard yr after its date of issuance. Upon
Upon receipt
receipt by the
the Secretary, the request
Secretary, the request will
will be
Construction,
Construction, installation,
installation, inspection,
inspection, testing, mainte- forwarded
forwarded to
to the
the relevant
relevant B30
B30 Subcommittee for consid-
nance,
nance, and operation of equipment manufactured and eration and action. Correspondence will be provided to
facilities constructed after the effective
effective date of this the requester
requester defining the actions
defining the undertaken by
actions undertaken by the
Volume shall conform
Volume shall conform to to the mandatory requirements
requirements B30 Standards
B30 Standards Committee.
of this Volume.
Volume.
(b)
(b) Existing Installations. Equipment manufactured
and facilities constructed prior to the
facilities constructed the effective
effective date of
of SECTION IX: REQUESTS
SECTION REQUESTSFOR
FORINTERPRETATION
INTERPRETATION
this Volume of of the B30
B30 Standard
Standard shall be subject
subject to the The B30
B30Standards
Standards Committee
Committee will
will render
render an
an interpre-
interpre-
inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation require- tation of
of the
the provisions
provisions of
of the
the B30
B30 Standard. Such Such
ments of this Standard after the effective
effective date. requests should be directed to
It is not the intent
intent of
of this
this Volume
Volume of the B30 Standard
B30 Standard
to require retrofitting of existing equipment. However, However, Secretary, B30Standards
Secretary, B30 Standards Committee
when
when an an item is being modified,
modified, its performance
performance require-
require- ASME Codes and
ASME Codes and Standards
ments
ments shall
shall be reviewed
reviewed relative
relative to the
the requirements
requirements Three Park Avenue
within the current
current volume. The need to meet the current New
New York,
York, NY
NY 10016-5990
10016-5990
requirements shall be
requirements shall be evaluated
evaluated by a qualified person
selected
selected by the owner
owner (user).
(user). Recommended
Recommended changes
changes
Requests should be in the following
following format:
shall be made by the owner (user) (user) within 11 yr.
Volume:
Volume: Cite
Citethe
thedesignation
designation and
and title
title of
of the
volume.
SECTION VI:
SECTION REQUIREMENTS AND
VI: REQUIREMENTS AND
Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the volume.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s)
Requirements
Requirements of of this
this Standard are characterized by and the
the relevant
relevant heading(s).
use of the
the word
word shall. Recommendations of this Standard
Standard Question:
Question: Phrase
Phrasethethequestion
question asas aa request
request for an
are characterized by the word should. interpretation of
of aa specific
specific provision suit-
able for general
general understanding
understanding and use,
not as a request for approval of a proprie-
SECTION VII:
SECTION USEOF
VII: USE OFMEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT UNITS tary design or situation. Plans or draw-
This
This Standard
Standard contains
contains SISI (metric)
(metric) units
units as
as well
well as ings that explain the question may be
U.S. Customary units.
U.S. Customary units. The
The values
values stated in in U.S.
U.S. submitted to clarify
clarify the question. How-
Customary units are
Customary units are to
to be regarded
regarded as the standard.
standard. ever, they should not contain any proprie-
ever, they
The SI units are a direct (soft)
(soft) conversion from the
the U.S.
U.S. tary names or information.
Customary units. Upon
Upon receipt
receipt by the the Secretary, the request
Secretary, the request will
will be
forwarded
forwarded toto the
the relevant
relevant B30
B30 Subcommittee for a draft
SECTION VIII:
SECTION REQUESTS FOR
VIII: REQUESTS FOR REVISION
REVISION response, which will then be subject to approval by the
B30 Standards
B30 Standards Committee
Committee priorprior to its formal issuance.
The B30
B30 Standards
Standards Committee
Committee will consider requests Interpretations
Interpretations toto the
the B30 Standard will be published
B30 Standard
for revision of
of any
any of
of the
the volumes
volumes within
within the
the B30
B30 in the subsequent edition of the respective volume, and
Standard. Such requests
requests should be directed to will be available
available online
online atat http://cstools.asme.org.
http://cstools.asme.org.
Secretary, B30Standards
Secretary, B30 Standards Committee
ASME Codes and
ASME Codes and Standards
SECTION X:
SECTION ADDITIONALGUIDANCE
X: ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE
Three Park Avenue
New
New York,
York, NY
NY 10016-5990
10016-5990 The equipment
equipment covered
covered by
by the
the B30 Standard is subject
B30 Standard
to hazards that cannot
cannot be abated
abated byby mechanical
mechanical means,
Requests should be in the following
following format: but only
only by
by the
the exercise
exercise of
of intelligence, care,
care, and com-
mon sense. It is
is therefore
therefore essential to have
have personnel
personnel
Volume: Cite the designation and title of the involved in the
involved in the use and operation
operation ofof equipment
equipment who
volume. are competent, careful, physically and
careful, physically and mentally quali-
Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the volume. fied,
fied, and trained in the proper operation of the equip-
Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) ment and
and the handling
handling of loads. Serious hazards
hazards include,
include,
and the
the relevant
relevant heading(s). but are not limited to, improper or inadequate mainte-
Request: Indicate the suggested revision.
revision. nance, overloading,
nance, overloading, dropping
dropping oror slipping
slipping of
of the load,

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 obstructing
obstructing the
the free passage of the
the load,
load, and
and using
using equip-
equip- different factors,
factors, often
often varying
varying with
with the
the installation
installation and
ment for a purpose for which
ment for which it was not intended or uses. These factors depend
These factors depend on
designed. (a) the condition of the equipment or material
(a)
Operation and
and maintenance
maintenance instructions in this safety (b) the loads
(b)
standard are
are intended
intended for for general
general applications.
applications. TheThe (c) the acceleration
(c) acceleration oror speed of the ropes, chains,
manufacturer and/or
equipment manufacturer and/or installer
installer shall
shall be con- sheaves, sprockets,
sprockets, or
or drums
drums
sulted
sulted forfor specific
specific operating
operating or or maintenance
maintenance (d) the type of attachments
(d)
instructions. (e) the number, size, and arrangement of sheaves or
(e)
other parts
The B30
B30Standards
Standards Committee
Committee fully fully realizes
realizes the (f) environmental conditions causing corrosion or
(f)
importance of proper
proper design
design factors, minimum or maxi- wear
mum dimensions,
dimensions, and other limiting
limiting criteria
criteria of wire
wire (g) many variables
(g) variables that must be considered
considered in each
rope or chain
chain and
and their
their fastenings,
fastenings, sheaves,
sheaves, sprockets,
sprockets, individual case
drums, and similar equipment covered by by the
the standard,
standard, The requirements
requirements and recommendations provided in
all of which
which are
are closely
closely connected
connected with safety
safety. Sizes,
Sizes, the volumes must be interpreted
interpreted accordingly, and judg-
accordingly, and
strengths,
strengths, and similar criteria
criteria are
are dependent
dependent on many ment used in determining their application.

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Following approval by
by the
the ASME
ASME B30 Committee and ASME,
B30 Committee ASME, andand after
after public review,
ASME B30.18-2011
B30.18-2011was
wasapproved
approvedby
bythe
theAmerican
AmericanNational
National Standards
Standards Institute
Instituteon
onMarch
March5,5, 2011.
2011.

In ASME B30.18-2011,
B30.18-2011,figures
figureshave
havebeen
been redesignated.
redesignated. ASME
ASME B30.18-2011 alsoincludes
B30.18-2011 also includes editorial
editorial
revisions, and corrections identified by a margin
changes, revisions, margin note,
note, (11).
(11).
Page Location Change
6, 7 Section 18-0.3 Updated
10 18-1.7.2 Revised
18-1.7.3 Revised
12 18-1.9.1 (1)
(1) Subparagraph (d) revised
(2)
(2) Subparagraph (e) added
13 18-1.9.3 Revised
18-1.9.5 Subparagraph (d) revised
14 Figure 18-1.9.3-1
18-1.9.3-1 Added
Figure
Figure 18-1.9.3-2
18-1.9.3-2 Added
15 Figure
Figure 18-1.9.3-3
18-1.9.3-3 Added
16 Figure 18-1.9.3-4
18-1.9.3-4 Added
17 18-1.10.3 Revised
19 18-2.1.5 Revised
18-2.3.1 Revised

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

STACKER CRANES
STACKER
(TOP OR UNDER
UNDER RUNNING
RUNNING BRIDGE,
BRIDGE, MULTIPLE
MULTIPLE GIRDER
GIRDER
TOP OR
WITH TOP OR UNDER
UNDER RUNNING
RUNNING TROLLEY
TROLLEY HOIST)

Chapter
Chapter 18-0
18-0
and References
Scope, Definitions, and References

SECTION 18-0.1:
SECTION SCOPE OF
18-0.1: SCOPE OF B30.18 supported on two two or
or more
more legs
legs running
running onon fixed
fixed rails
or other runway.
runway.
Volume B30.18includes
Volume B30.18 includesprovisions
provisionsthat
that apply
apply toto the
construction, installation,
construction, installation, operation, inpsection, and power-operated stacker crane: a crane whose
power-operated whose mechanism
mechanism
maintenance of hand-powered and power-driven over- is driven by
by electric, air, or hydraulic means.
electric, air,
head and gantry cranes that have aa top
top or
orunder
under running
running pulpit-operated stacker crane: a crane operated
pulpit-operated operated from
from a fixed
multiple girder bridge with a vertically guided carriage, operator station not attached to the crane.
with
with or without
without aa top
top or
orunder
underrunning
runningtrolley.
trolley. The
The
requirements included in this Volume
requirements also apply to
Volume also remote-operated
remote-operated stacker crane:
crane: a crane
crane controlled
controlled byby an
stacker cranes having the same
same fundamental
fundamental characteris- operator not in
operator not in a pulpit or in in the
the cab
cab attached
attached to the
tics, such as cantilever gantry and semi-gantry
semi-gantry stacker crane, by any
crane, by any method otherother than a means
means suspended
suspended
cranes. from a crane.
semi-gantry
semi-gantry stacker
stacker crane:
crane: a gantry crane with one end of
the bridge rigidly supported on one or more more legs that
SECTION 18-0.2:
SECTION DEFINITIONS
18-0.2: DEFINITIONS
run
run on
on a fixed rail or runway, the the other
other end of the
the bridge
bridge
18-0.2.1 Types
18-0.2.1 Types of
of Equipment
Equipment supported
supported by a truck
truck running
running on an an elevated
elevated rail or
cab-operated stacker crane: a crane controlled by an opera- runway.
tor in a cab
cab that is is attached
attached to to the
the bridge
bridge mast,
mast, trolley,
trolley, stacker crane:
crane: a crane
crane used for for stacking
stacking and retrieving
retrieving
stacker mast,
mast, oror load
loadcarriage
carriage(see
(seeFig.
Fig.18-0.2.1-1).
18-0.2.1-1). palletized
palletized or containerized materials, with
containerized materials, with a multiple
cantilever
cantilever gantry stacker
stacker crane:
crane: a gantry
gantry or or semi-gantry
semi-gantry girder movable bridge carrying a hoisting mechanism,
which the
crane in which the bridge
bridge girders
girders or
or trusses
trusses extend
extend trans-
trans- mast, and
andcarriage
carriage(see
(seeFig.
Fig.18-0.2.1-3).
18-0.2.1-3).
versely beyond the crane runway on one or both sides.
General
18-0.2.2 General
crane: a machine
machine for for lifting
lifting and lowering
lowering aa load and
moving it horizontally. Cranes, whether whether fixed or mobile, abnormal operating conditions: environmental conditions
that
that are unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental
detrimental to the oper-
are driven manually,
manually, by by power,
power, or by aa combination
combination
ation of a stacker crane, such as excessively high or low
of both.
temperatures,
temperatures, exposure to adverse
adverse weather,
weather, corrosive
corrosive
crane, outdoor: an overhead or gantry crane that operates fumes, dust- or moisture-laden atmospheres,
atmospheres, andand haz-
outdoors and
and for
for which
which provisions
provisions areare not
not available
available for ardous locations.
locations.
storage in an area that provides protection to the crane
from weather conditions. An An indoor crane that may administrative or regulatory authority: governmental
operate outdoors
outdoors on on aa periodic
periodic basis
basis isis not classified
classified as
agency or the employer in the absence of governmental
jurisdiction.
an outdoor crane.
floor-operated stacker crane: a crane that is
floor-operated is controlled
controlled by aisle: space between storage compartment rows in which
the stacker mast and carriage
carriage may operate.
an operator on the the floor
floor oror an
an independent
independent platform
platform
using
using a means
means suspended
suspended from from the the crane
crane (see(see ampacity: current-carrying capacity of electric
current-carrying capacity electric conduc-
Fig. 18-0.2.1-2). tors, in amperes.
gantry
gantry stacker
stacker crane:
crane: a crane similar to an overhead crane appointed: assigned specific responsibilities by the
bridge for carrying
except that the bridge carrying the trolley(s) is rigidly
rigidly employer or the employer's
employer’s representative.

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

Fig. 18-0.2.1-1 Cab-Operated

Fig. Cab-OperatedStacker
Stacker Crane
Crane

ti

ti

_L 1
•

2 --, -- • . • .. • -

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

Fig. 18-0.2.1-2
Fig. Floor-OperatedStacker
18-0.2.1-2 Floor-Operated Stacker Crane
Crane

It

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

Fig. 18-0.2.1-3
Fig. UnderhungStacker
18-0.2.1-3 Underhung StackerCrane
Crane Movement
Movement

Br
id
ge
ay
rw
he
Eit

l Tra
ve
y tra ve
l
lle
Tro

Up
Adjusts
to suit

Down

Rotates both
both
directions

authorized: appointed by a duly constituted administra- braking, control: a method

method of controlling speed by remov-
tive or regulatory authority. ing energy from the movingmoving bodybody oror by
by imparting
energy in the opposite direction.
automatic or automatically: pertains to equipment
equipment func-
tions that do not require attention of the
the operator
operator during
during braking, countertorque (plugging): a method of control by
their functional operation. which
which the power to the motor motor isis reversed
reversed to develop
develop
torque in the direction
direction opposite
opposite ofof the rotation of the
brake: a device, other than a motor, used for retarding
device, other
motor.
or stopping motion by friction or power means.
braking, dynamic: a method of controlling speedspeed by using
using
brake, emergency: a brake for travel motion
motion that is released the motor as aa generator,
generator, with the energy
energy being
being dissi-
during normal operation and arranged to apply a
normal operation pated in resistors.
resistors.
retarding force when
retarding force when initiated
initiated by
by the operator during
braking, eddy current: a method
method of controlling or reducing
reducing
an emergency or to automatically
automatically apply
apply a retarding
retarding force
speed by means of of an
an electrical
electrical induction load brake.
upon loss
loss of power.
braking, emergency: a method of decelerating a drive
brake, holding: a friction brake for aa hoist
hoist that
that isis automati-
automati- when power is is not
not available.
available. The
The braking
braking effort
effort may
cally
cally applied and prevents motion when power is is off.
off. be established
established as as a result of action
action by the operator or
brake, parking: a brake for bridges and trolleys that may automatically when power
automatically when power toto the drive is interrupted.
be automatically
automatically or or manually
manually applied
applied in
in an attempt to braking, hydraulic: a method of of controlling or powering
prevent horizontal motion by restraining wheel rotation.
rotation. a brake by means of displacement of a liquid.
brake, service: a brake for travel
travel motion
motion used
used by the
the opera-
opera- braking, mechanical: a method of of controlling or reducing
tor during normal operation to apply aa retarding
retarding force.
force. speed by friction.
friction.

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

braking, pneumatic: a method of controlling or powering drum: the cylindrical member around
cylindrical member around which the ropes
a brake by means of compressing a gas. are wound for for lifting or lowering the load.
braking, regenerative:
regenerative: a method
method of of controlling speed in
controlling speed end tie: a structural member that connects connects the ends of of
which the electrical energy generated
electrical energy generated by by the
the motor is the bridge girders.
fed back into the power system. equalizer: a device that compensates for unequal length
braking, service: a method of of decelerating
decelerating crane motion or stretch of a rope.
during normal operation. exposed: applies to hazardous objects objects not adequately
bridge: that part ofof aa crane
crane consisting
consisting of two or more more guarded or isolated,
isolated, which a person person isis likely
likely to come
come
girders, trucks, end ties, footwalks,
girders, trucks, footwalks, and drive mecha- mecha- into contact
contact with and be injured.
nism which carries the trolley(s).
trolley(s).
footwalk: a walkway with handrail on or attached to the
bridge travel: the crane movement in a direction parallel bridge or trolley
trolley for access purposes.
to the crane runway. forks: a load-bearing means mounted on the carriage. carriage.
bumper (buffer):
(buffer): a device
device for reducing
reducing impact when a
impact when
free fall stop: a mechanism used to prevent or stop down- down-
moving crane or trolley reaches
reaches the
the end
end of its
its permitted
permitted
ward vertical travel of the carriage or cab in the event
travel, or when two moving
moving cranes or trolleys come into
of loss ofof support.
attached to the crane, trolley,
contact. This device may be attached
or runway stop. gantry
gantry leg:
leg: the structural member that supports a bridge
girder or end tie tie from
from the sill.
sill.
cab: the operator's
operator’s compartment
compartment on a stacker stacker crane.
carriage: the vertically moving structure of a stacker hoist: a machinery
machinery unit that is used for lifting and
crane that supports the load.
crane
lowering.
clearance: distance from any
distance from any part
part ofof the
the crane
crane to the hoist chain: the chain in a hoisthoist that
that supports
supports the carriage
and is is calibrated
calibrated to matemate with
with sprockets,
sprockets, idlers,
idlers, and
nearest obstruction.
pocket wheels.
collectors,
collectors, current: contacting devices for collecting cur-
rent from electrical conductors. hoisting mechanism:
mechanism: the means provided for lifting and
lowering portions
portions of of the
the stacker
stacker andand the rated load.
conductors, bridge: the electrical conductors
conductors located along
the bridge structure
structure ofof a crane to provide power and home position:
position: the position
position that is bothboth an an originating
originating
control to the trolley(s).
trolley(s). point and terminating
terminating point
point ofof the
the stacker
stacker crane
crane cycle.
cycle.

conductors,
conductors, runway (main): the electrical conductors load center: a point on the forks, measured from the heel
located along a crane runway to provide power or con- of the forks, thatthat establishes the limiting distance on the
trol to the crane. forks for positioning the center of gravity of the load to
be lifted.
controller: a device
device or group of of devices
devices that serves to
govern in some
some predetermined
predetermined manner the power deliv- load, design: the maximum
maximum length,
length, width, height,
height, and
ered to the apparatus to to which
which itit is
is connected.
connected. weight of load handled, including its pallet or container
and any slave
slave pallet that may be required.
controller, manual: a controller having
having all of its basic func-
tions performed by devices
devices that
that are
are operated by hand. load, rated: the maximum load for which a crane or indi-
vidual hoist is designed and built by by aa manufacturer.
manufacturer.
controller, spring return: a controller that, when released,
controller, spring
will return automatically to a neutral position. mast: a vertical structure,
structure, attached
attached to to the
the trolley, for guid-
guid-
ing the carriage.
control panel: an assembly of components (magnetic,
static, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) that governs the flow master switch: see switch, master.
of
of power
power to or fromfrom a motor
motor or or other
other equipment
equipment in noncoasting
noncoasting mechanical
mechanical drive: a drive that results in decel-
response to signals from
response from a master switch, push-button erating a trolley or bridge when power power is is not
not available.
available.
station, remote control, automatic program program control,
control, etc. The braking effort will be established automatically
control voltage: electrical voltage used in the control com- when power to the drive is interrupted.
ponents and circuits.
circuits. normal operating
operating conditions,
conditions,cab-operated
cab-operated crane: conditions
designated person: a person selected or assigned by the during which a crane crane is
is performing
performing functions
functions within
employer or the employer’s
employer employer's representative
representative as as being com- the scope of the the original
original design.
design. Under
Under these conditions,
petent to perform specific
specific duties. the operator is at the operating control control devices,
devices, and no
drift point: a point on a horizontal travel motion master other person is on the crane.
switch or on a manual controller that releases the brake normal operating
operating conditions,
conditions,floor-operated
floor-operated crane:
crane: condi-
while the motor is not energized.
energized. This This allows for tions during which a crane is performing functions
coasting. within
within the scopescope of the the original
original design.
design. Under
Under these
these

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

conditions,
conditions, the operator is at the operating control control 10 lift cycles
cycles perper hour
hour as a regular specified procedure.
devices that are attached to the crane crane but
but operated
operated with stacker crane service, normal: service that averages
the operator off the crane
crane and
and with no other person on operating at less than 85% 85% of of rated
rated load
load and not more
the crane. cycles per
than 10 lift cycles per hour for isolated instances.
normal operating
operating conditions,
conditions, remote-operated
remote-operated crane:
crane: condi- stacker crane service, severe:
severe: service that involves normal
tions during which a crane is performing functions or heavy service with abnormal operating conditions.
within
within the scope
scope of thethe original
original design.
design. Under
Under these
these
conditions,
conditions, the operator is at the operating control control
stop: a structural device
device to limit
limit travel. This device nor-
devices that are
devices that are not attached
attached to any part of of the crane,
crane, mally is attached to a fixedfixed structure
structure andand normally does
not have energy absorbing ability. ability
and with no other person on the crane.
storage location or compartment: the space into which a
overspeed device:
device: a device,
device, operating independently
independently of of
given unit load is stored. It is dimensioned by the unit
the hoisting mechanism of a stacker crane, that senses
the downward
downward velocity
load sizes plus all all working
working clearances
clearances and tolerances
tolerances
of the carriage
velocity of carriage and causes
causes a
required, including slave slave pallet
pallet ifif part of a system.
braking action when the downward
downward velocity
velocity exceeds
exceeds a
preset limit. store: to move a load from aa transfer
transfer station
station into a prede-
prede-
termined, unoccupied compartment.
program: a predetermined
predetermined cyclecycle ofof operations
operations that the
equipment automatically performs. switch: a device for making, breaking,breaking, or changing the
connections in an electric
electric circuit.
qualified person: a person, who by possession of a recog-
nized degree
degree inin an
an applicable
applicable field,
field, certificate of profes- switch, emergency stop: a manually or automatically oper-
sional standing, or or who
who by by extensive
extensive knowledge,
knowledge, ated
ated switch
switch to cut offoff power
power independently
independently of the regular
regular
training, and successfully demonstrated
and experience, has successfully demonstrated operating controls.
controls.
the ability to solve or resolve problems relating relating to the switch, limit
limit (sensor):
(sensor): a switch operated by some part or
subject
subject matter and work. motion of a power-driven
power-driven machine or equipment to alter
rail sweep: a device attached to the crane and located in a circuit associated
associated with the machine or equipment.
front
front of of the
the crane's
crane’s leading
leading wheels
wheels to to remove
remove switch, main: a switch controlling the the main
main power
power supply
supply
obstructions. to the stacker crane or stacker
stacker crane transfer.
rated load
load speed:
speed: the speed at at which
which thethe stacker
stacker crane
crane switch, master: a switch that dominates the operation of
motions areare designed
designed to to operate
operate under rated load. contactors, relays,
contactors, relays, or
or other
other remotely operated devices.
rope: refers to wire-rope unless otherwise specified. transfer station: a location
location at which a load enteringentering or
leaving storage isis supported
leaving storage supported in a mannermanner suitable
suitable for
for
runway: the rail or other supporting member that pro- handling by the stacker crane.
vides path and support
support for
for the
the stacker
stacker crane
crane wheels.
wheels.
trolley: the unit that travels on or is suspended from the
service platform: a platform that provides a place for a bridge girders and supports the mast and and carriage.
carriage.
person
person to stand stand while
while performing
performing service service andand
maintenance. trolley travel: the trolley movement along the bridge of
the girder in a direction perpendicular to the crane
shall: this word indicates that the rule is mandatory
mandatory and runway.
must be followed.
followed.
truck: the unit, consisting
consisting of a frame,
frame, wheels, bearings,
sheave,
sheave, running: a sheave that rotates as a load carriage carriage and axles, that supports the bridge girders, the end ties
is lifted or lowered. of
of an overhead
overhead stacker crane, or
stacker crane, or the
the sill
sill of
of a gantry
gantry
should: this word
word indicates
indicates that
that the rule is aa recommenda-
recommenda- stacker crane.
tion, the advisability
advisability ofof which
which depends on the facts in unattended: a condition in which the operator of a crane
each situation. is not at
at the
the operating
operating control
control devices.
devices. However,
However, on a
sills: horizontal structural members that connect connect the floor-operated
floor-operated crane, if the operating
operating control devices are
lower ends of
lower ends of two or moremore legs of a gantry
gantry crane on within sight of the operator and within a distance equal
one runway. to the span of the crane, the crane should be considered
attended.
slave pallet or slave container: a handling
handling base or container
that is normally captive to
normally captive to a system
system on whichwhich a unit
load is supported. SECTION 18-0.3:
SECTION REFERENCES
18-0.3: REFERENCES (11)

span: the horizontal distance center-to-center of of run- The following is a list of

following is of publications
publications referenced
referenced in
way rails. this Standard.
stacker
stacker crane
crane service, heavy:
heavy: service
service that averages
averages ANSI
ANSI A14.3-2002,
A14.3-2002, Ladders ——Fixed
Ladders Fixed—
— Safety
Safety
operating at at 85%
85% to 100%
100% of of rated
rated load or in in excess
excess of Requirements

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

ANSI A1264.1-2007,
A1264.1-2007,Safety
SafetyRequirements
Requirements for Workplace ANSI/ASCE/SEI 7-05,7-05, Minimum Design Loads for
Floor and Wall Openings,
Openings, Stairs and Railings Systems Buildings and Other Structures
Buildings
Publisher:
Publisher: The American Society
Society of Safety
Safety Engineers
Engineers Publisher: American
American Society
Society of
of Civil
Civil Engineers
Engineers (ASCE),
(ASCE),
(ASSE), 1800East
(ASSE), 1800 EastOakton
Oakton Street, Des Plaines,
Plaines, IL
IL 60018 1801 Alexander
Alexander Bell
Bell Drive,
Drive,Reston,
Reston,VAVA20191-4400
20191-4400
(www.asse.org) (www.asce.org)

ANSI MH27.1-2003,Specifications
ANSI MH27.1-2003, Specificationsfor
for Underhung
Underhung ANSI/AWS D1.1-2008, Structural Welding Code: Steel
D1.1-2008, Structural
Cranes and Monorail
Monorail Systems ANSI/AWS D14.1-2005, Specifications for Welding
D14.1-2005, Specifications
Industrial and Mill
Mill Cranes and Other
Other Material
Material
Publisher: Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc. Handling Equipment
(MMA), 8720
8720Red
RedOak
OakBoulevard,
Boulevard, Charlotte,
Charlotte, NC
NC 28217
Publisher: American
American Welding
Welding Society
Society (AWS),
(AWS), 550
550 NW
(www.mhia.org/psc/PSC_Products_Monorail.cfm) Le Jeune Road, Miami, FLFL 33126
33126 (www.aws.org)
ANSI Z26.1-1996,Safety
ANSI Z26.1-1996, SafetyCode
Code for
for Safety
Safety Glazing ANSI/NFPA 70-2008, National Electrical Code
70-2008, National
Materials
Materials for Glazing Motor
Motor Vehicles Operating on
Vehicles Operating
Publisher: National
National Fire
Fire Protection
Protection Association
Association (NFPA),
(NFPA),
Land Highways 1
1 Batterymarch
Batterymarch Park,Park, Quincy,
Quincy, MAMA 02169
02169
Publisher: Society of Automotive
Automotive Engineers
Engineers(SAE),
(SAE), 400
400 (www.nfpa.org)
Commonwealth
Commonwealth Drive,
Drive, Warrendale,
Warrendale,PAPA15096-0001
15096-0001
(www.sae.org) ASME B15.1-2000(R2008),
ASME B15.1-2000 (R2008),Safety
SafetyStandard
Standard for
Mechanical Power Transmission
Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus
Apparatus
ANSI
ANSI Z241.2-1999, SafetyStandards
Z241.2-1999, Safety Standardsfor
for Melting
Melting and Publisher:
Publisher: The
The American
American Society
Society of
of Mechanical
Mechanical
Pouring of Metals
Metals in the Metal Casting Industry Engineers
Engineers (ASME), Three Park
(ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York,
York,
Publisher:
Publisher: American
American Foundry
FoundrySociety
Society(AFS), 1695 North
(AFS), 1695 North NY
NY 10016-5990; ASMEOrder
10016-5990; ASME Order Department:
Department: 22
22 Law
Penny Lane, Schaumberg,
Schaumberg, ILIL 60173
60173 (www.afsinc.org) Drive,
Drive, Box
Box 2900,
2900, Fairfield,
Fairfield, NJ
NJ07007-2900
07007-2900
(www.asme.org)
ANSI
ANSI Z244.1-2003, SafetyRequirements
Z244.1-2003, Safety Requirements for
for Lockout/
Lockout/
Tagout of Energy Sources CMAA
CMAA Specification No. 70-2004, Specifications for
70-2004, Specifications
Electric
Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes
Publisher: American National
Publisher: American National Standards
Standards Institute
Institute Publisher: Crane Manufacturers
Manufacturers Association
Association of America,
(ANSI), 25 West
(ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street,
Street, New
New York,
York, NY
NY 10036
10036
Inc. (CMAA), 8720
8720Red
RedOak
OakBoulevard,
Boulevard, Charlotte,
Charlotte, NC
(www.ansi.org) 28217 (www.mhia.org/psc/PSC_Products_Cranes.cfm)
28217 (www.mhia.org/psc/PSC_Products_Cranes.cfm)
ANSI Z535.4-2007, Product Safety
Z535.4-2007, Product Safety Signs
Signs and
and Labels AISC Steel Construction
AISC Steel Construction Manual, 13th Edition, 2005
2005
Publisher: National Electrical Manufacturers
Publisher: National Electrical Manufacturers Publisher: American
American Institute of Steel Construction
Association
Association (NEMA), 1300 North
North 17th Street, Rosslyn, (AISC), 11 East
(AISC), East Wacker
Wacker Drive,
Drive, Suite 700,
700, Chicago,
VA 22029 (www.neam.org)
VA 22029 (www.neam.org) IL 60601
60601 (www.aisc.org)

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

Chapter 18-1
Chapter 18-1
General Construction
Construction and
and Installation

SECTION 18-1.1:
SECTION MARKING
18-1.1: MARKING SECTION 18-1.2:
SECTION CLEARANCES
18-1.2: CLEARANCES
18-1.1.1Rated
18-1.1.1 RatedLoad
LoadMarkings
Markings —
— Crane
Crane 18-1.2.1Clearance
18-1.2.1 ClearanceFrom
From Obstruction
Obstruction
The rated load of the stacker crane and its load center (a)
(a) Clearance shall be maintained
maintained between the stacker
location shall be
location shall be marked
marked on the crane. The rated load crane and the building
building as well as parallel
parallel running
running cranes
of the stacker crane shall also
also be marked on each side under all normal operating conditions. Factors that
of the crane and shall be legible from the
the ground
ground or
or floor. influence clearance, such as wheel float, truss
truss sag, bridge
bridge
skewing, stacker
stacker mast
mast movement,
movement, aisle aisle width,
width, and
18-1.1.2 Manufacturer's
18-1.1.2 Manufacturer’s Identification
Identification Markings
Markings approaches of the stacker
stacker trolley,
trolley, shall be considered.
shall be
The stacker crane shall be marked
marked with the manufac- (b)
(b) Where passageways or walkways are are provided
provided on
turer's
turer ’s identification
identification information on a plate or label
label the structure supporting
supporting the
the stacker
stacker crane, obstructions
attached to the
the crane,
crane, as
as follows:
follows: shall not be placed such that personnel will be jeopard-
(a)
(a) name and address of of manufacturer ized by movements of the crane.
(b)
(b) manufacturer's
manufacturer’s model or serial number
(c)
(c) voltage of AC
AC or
or DC
DCpower
power supply,
supply, and
and phase
phase and
and 18-1.2.2Clearance
18-1.2.2 ClearanceBetween
Between Noninterlocking
Noninterlocking Parallel
frequency of of AC
AC power
power supply Cranes
(d)
(d) circuit ampacity If the runways of two cranes are parallel
parallel and there
are no intervening walls or structures, there should be
18-1.1.3 Warnings
18-1.1.3 Warnings a minimum
minimum of 22 in.
in. (50
(50 mm)
mm) clearance provided and
clearance provided
(a) Floor-operated
Floor-operated cranes and remote-operated cranes maintained between the two stacker
stacker crane bridges.
shall have safety label(s) affixed to
label(s) affixed to the
the pendant
pendant station,
portable operating
operating station,
station, or
or the
the stacker crane carriage. SECTION 18-1.3:
SECTION GENERALCONSTRUCTION
18-1.3: GENERAL CONSTRUCTION —
—
Cab-operated and pulpit-operated stacker stacker cranes shall RUNWAYS AND SUPPORTING
RUNWAYS
have safety label(s) affixed in the the cab oror pulpit.
pulpit. The label STRUCTURES
STRUCTU RES
or labels shall be inin compliance
compliance withwith ANSI
ANSI Z535.4,
Z535.4, and
shall include cautionary language against, but not lim- 18-1.3.1Foundations
18-1.3.1 Foundationsand
andAnchorages
Anchorages
ited to (a)
(a) Permanent concrete or or masonry
masonry foundations shall
(1)
(1) lifting more
more than the rated load except in
rest on footings below the frost line except in permafrost.
permafrost.
(2)
(2) operating stacker crane
operating stacker crane when
when thethe load
load is not (b)
(b) Every outdoor stacker crane shall be provided
properly centered on forks with secure
secure fastenings convenient to
fastenings convenient to apply
apply and ableable
(3)
(3) operating hoist-powered stacker with twisted,
hoist-powered stacker to hold the crane
crane against a wind
wind pressure
pressure of of 30
30 lb /ft22
lb/ft
kinked, or damaged chain or rope (1436
(1 Parking brakes
436 Pa). Parking brakes may be be considered
considered minimum
minimum
(4)
(4) operating damaged or or malfunctioning
malfunctioning stacker
stacker compliance with
compliance with this rule.
crane (c)
(c) Where design wind
wind pressures
pressures inin excess of 30 lb/ft22
30lb/ft
(5)
(5) lifting
lifting people,
people, except
except as as outlined
outlined in in (1 436
(1 436 Pa)
Pa) are
are specified,
specified, special
special anchorages such as
para.
para. 18-3.2.2(d)
18-3.2.2(d) latches or tie-downs shall be provided at the home posi-
(6)
(6) lifting loads over people tion, or remotely operated
operated rail
rail clamps
clamps capable of engage-
engage-
(7)
(7) operating a rope hoist powered stacker with a ment at all positions shall be provided as a supplement
rope that is not properly seated in in its
its groove
groove to the primary
primary braking
braking system.
system. (ANSI/ASCE-7
(ANSI/ASCE-7 may be
(8)
(8) removing or obscuring safety labels used as aa reference
reference for this condition.)
(b) A safety label shall be affixed on all electrical con- (d)
(d) Rail clamps should
Rail clamps should only
only bebe applied when the
trol enclosures.
enclosures. TheThe label
label shall
shall be in compliance
compliance with stacker crane is not in motion.
ANSI Z535.4,and
ANSI Z535.4, andshall
shall include,
include,butbut not
not be
be limited to, (e)
(e) When rails are used for anchorages, they shall be
information such as withstand the
secured to withstand the resultant
resultant forces
forces applied by the
(1)
(1) Disconnect
Disconnect power and lockout disconnecting rail clamps. If the clamps act on the rail, any projection
means
means before
before removing
removing cover cover or or servicing
servicing this or obstruction in the clamping area shall be avoided.
equipment. (f)
(f) A wind-indicating device shall be provided for all
(2)
(2) Do not operate without cover cover in place. outdoor
outdoor cranes. The device
cranes. The device shall
shall be
be mounted
mounted on on the

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

crane or the crane

crane crane runway structure
structure and shall give a whose load-supporting
load-supporting components
components have
have been modified
visible and audible
visible and audible alarm
alarm to
to the
the crane
crane operator at a
operator at shall be tested
tested in
inaccordance
accordance with
withpara.
para.18-2.2.2.
18-2.2.2. The
predetermined wind velocity
velocity. A
A single wind-indicating new rated load
load shall
shall be
be displayed
displayed in
in accordance
accordance with
device may serve
serve as
as an alarm for more than one crane. para.
para. 18-1.1.1.
18-1.1.1.

18-1.3.2 Crane
18-1.3.2 CraneRunways
Runways
SECTION 18-1.5:
SECTION CABS
18-1.5: CABS
(a)
(a) Construction
Construction of Runways and and Rails
(1)
(1) The crane runways
The crane runways and supporting structures
structures 18-1.5.1Cab
18-1.5.1 CabConstruction
Construction
shall be designed to withstand the loads and forces forces (a) The
(a) The structure should be be ofof noncombustible
noncombustible
imposed
imposed by the stacker crane, and should
should conform to the materials.
design parameters as as specified
specified in
in the
the applicable
applicable AISC
AISC (b) Cab location generally will put the operator close
(b)
Manual of Steel Construction. to other
other objects;
objects; thus, special consideration
consideration should be
(2)
(2) Runway columns shall be securely anchored to given to confinement in the cab by screening.
screening.
foundations. (c) Outdoor
(c) Outdoor cabs
cabs should
should bebe enclosed.
enclosed. All cab glazing
(3)
(3) The structure shall be free from detrimental shall
shall be
be safety-glazing material as
safety-glazing material as defined
defined in
vibration under normal operating conditions. ANSI Z26.1.
(4)
(4) Rails shall be level,
level, straight,
straight, joined,
joined, and
and spaced (d) Construction
(d) Construction shallshall offer
offer protection from falling
falling
to crane span within the manufacturer's
manufacturer’s recommended objects. The protection
objects. The protection shall
shall support
support a minimum static
tolerances compatiblewith
tolerances compatible with the
the design
design of the stacker
stacker load of 50 lb /ft22 (2.4 kPa).
lb/ft
crane. (e) The cab door
(e) door shall be interlocked
interlocked so crane
crane motions
motions
(b)
(b) Runway
Runway Stops
Stops will not commence until the door is closed. closed.
(1)
(1) Stops shall be
Stops shall be provided at the limits
limits of
of travel
travel (f) Vertically
(f) traveling stacker
Vertically traveling stacker cabs
cabs shall
shall be
be equipped
equipped
of the stacker crane bridge. with aa device(s)
device(s) to minimize
minimize free-fall in the event
free-fall in event of
of
(2)
(2) Stops shall be designed to withstand the forces forces malfunction
malfunction of of cabcab support
support hoist
hoist ropes
ropes or hoist
hoist
applied to
to the
the bumpers
bumpersas asspecified
specifiedin inpara.
para.18-1.7.2.
18-1.7.2. machinery.
(3)
(3) If a stop engages the tread of the wheel, it shall
not be of a height
height less
less than the
the radius
radius ofof the
the wheel.
wheel. 18-1.5.2Access
18-1.5.2 Access to
toStacker
Stacker Crane
Crane
Stops engaging
engaging other parts of of the stacker
stacker crane are Access
Access toto the stacker
stacker crane cab or bridge
bridge walkway
walkway
recommended. shall be by a fixed ladder, stairs, or platform requiring
no step
step over
over any
any gap
gapexceeding
exceeding12
12 in.
in. (305
(305 mm). Fixed
SECTION 18-1.4:
SECTION STACKERCRANE
18-1.4: STACKER CRANECONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION ladders
ladders shall
shall be
be in
in conformance
conformance with
withANSIANSI A14.3.
A14.3.

18-1.4.1Welded
18-1.4.1 WeldedConstruction
Construction 18-1.5.3 Tool
18-1.5.3 Tool Box
Box
All welding procedures and welding operator qualifi- If a receptacle
receptacle is
is provided
provided for the stowing of tools and
cations to be used on load-sustaining members shall be oil cans,
cans, it shall be metal and securely fastened
fastened in the
in accordance with
with ANSI/AWS
ANSI/AWS D1.1 except as modified cab or on the
the walkway.
walkway.
by ANSI/ AWS D14.1.
ANSI/AWS D14.1.Where
Wherespecial
specialsteels
steels or
or other
18-1.5.4 Fire
18-1.5.4 FireExtinguisher
Extinguisher
materials are used, the manufacturer
manufacturer shall provide weld-
ing procedures. A portable fire extinguisher,
extinguisher, with a basic minimum
extinguisher rating of 10
extinguisher rating 10 BC, shall be
BC, shall be installed
installed in
in the
18-1.4.2 Bridge
18-1.4.2 Bridge Structure
Structure cab or at the machinery housing.
All stacker
stacker cranes
cranes built
built after the issuance of this
Lighting
18-1.5.5 Lighting
Volume should conform
Volume should conform to
to the
the minimum
minimum design
design param-
param-
eters as specified in applicable
applicable sections
sections of
of CMAA No. 70 Cab lighting, either natural or artificial,
artificial, shall provide
or ANSI MH27.1. a level of
of illumination
illumination that enables
enables thethe operator to
observe the operating controls.
controls.
Molten Metal
18-1.4.3 Molten
Stacker cranes
cranes used
used for
for transporting
transporting or pouring mol- SECTION 18-1.6:
SECTION FOOTWALKSAND
18-1.6: FOOTWALKS ANDLADDERS
LADDERS
ten metals shall be designed
designed and constructed to conform
with
with ANSI
ANSI Z241.2.
Z241.2. 18-1.6.1Location
18-1.6.1 Locationof
ofFootwalks
Footwalks
(a) A footwalk should be provided on the drive side
18-1.4.4 Modifications
18-1.4.4 Modifications along the entire length of the bridge of all stacker cranes
Stacker cranes may
Stacker cranes may be
be modified
modified or
or rerated provided having the trolley running on the
the top
top of
of the
the girders.
girders. To
To
such modifications and the supporting structures
modifications and structures are give
give access to the opposite side of
access to of the
the trolley,
trolley, bridge
analyzed thoroughly by a qualified person or manufac- conductors, or other
conductors, or other equipment,
equipment, there
there should
should be pro-
turer of stacker cranes. A rerated stacker crane or one vided a footwalk
footwalk mounted
mounted onon the
the trolley,
trolley, a footwalk or

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

platform in the building, or a footwalk on the opposite Stops engaging

engaging other parts of the stacker
stacker crane trolley
side of the bridge atat least twice the
the length
length ofof the
the trolley.
trolley. are recommended.
Footwalks should
Footwalks should be be located
located to give a headroom
headroom of of
not less than
than 78
78 in. (1 981
981 mm).
mm). In
In no
no case
case shall
shall less
less than
than 18-1.7.2Bridge
18-1.7.2 BridgeBumpers
Bumpers (Buffers)
(Buffers) (11)
48
48 in. (1 219 mm)
(1 219 mm) be provided.
provided. IfIf 48
48 in.
in. (1
(1 219
219 mm)
mm) (a) A stacker crane
(a) crane shall
shall bebe provided
provided with bumpers
of headroom cannot be provided, footwalks should be or other automatic
automatic meansmeans providing
providing equivalent
equivalent effect.
effect.
omitted from the stacker crane
omitted crane and
and aa stationary
stationary platform
platform These
These bumpers shall have the following minimum
or landing stage built for workers making repairs. characteristics:
than cab-operated
(b) On other than cab-operated cranes,
cranes, a footwalk or
(1) have energy-absorbing (or -dissipating) capac-
(1)
other means (including mobile equipment or measures ity to stop the stacker crane crane and
and the rated load when it
to protect workers from the hazard of of falls) should be
is traveling with power off in either direction at a speed
workers to make repairs and inspect the
provided for workers of at least 40%
40% of of rated
rated load speed
crane.
(2)
(2) be capable of stopping
stopping the stacker crane, includ-
includ-
18-1.6.2Construction
18-1.6.2 Construction of
of Footwalks
Footwalks ing the vertically guided lifted load,
guided lifted load, at
at a rate of decelera-
tion not to exceed
tion exceed an average
average of ft/sec22 (0.9
of 33 ft/sec (0.9 m/s 2
m/s2))
(a)
(a) Footwalks shall be
Footwalks shall be designed
designed to to sustain a distrib- when it is is traveling
traveling with power power offoff in either
either direction
direction
uted load of at least 50 lb/ft22 (2.4 kPa).
50 lb/ft at 20%
20% ofof rated
rated load speed
(b) Footwalks
(b) shall have
Footwalks shall have aa slip-resistant walking (3) so mounted that there
(3) be there is no direct shear on
surface. bolts upon impact
(c) Footwalks should
(c) should have a clear passageway at least (b) Bumpers shall shall bebe designed
designed and installed to mini-
(457 mm)
18 in. (457 mm) wide
wide except
except opposite
opposite the bridge crane mize parts falling from
parts falling from thethe stacker
stacker crane
crane inin case of break-
break-
mechanism and controls,
drive mechanism controls, where
where they
they should be age or loosening of bolted connections.
connections.
than 15
not less than 15 in.
in. (380
(380 mm). (c) When more than one stacker crane is located and
operated on the same same runway,
runway, bumpers shall shall be pro-
18-1.6.3Toeboards
18-1.6.3 Toeboards and
andHandrails
Handrails for
for Footwalks
Footwalks
vided on their adjacent
adjacent ends to meet meet the
the requirements
requirements
Toeboards and handrails shall be in compliance with
Toeboards and of paras.
paras. 18-1.7.2(a)(1),(2),
18-1.7.2(a)(1),(2), and and (3).
ANSI A1264.1. (d) Consideration shall be given given to providing bump-
ers with greater capacity for energy absorption (or dissi-
18-1.6.4 Ladders
18-1.6.4 Ladders and
and Stairways
Stairways pation) than
than that
thatspecified
specifiedin inpara.
para.18-1.7.2(a)(1),
18-1.7.2(a)(1), and
and to
(a) Stacker
(a) Stacker cranes
cranes should
should be
be provided
provided with ladders providing
providing bridge bridge end stops stops with
with corresponding
corresponding
or stairways extending
extending from the runway elevation to the strength when
increased strength when anyany one
one of the following condi-
footwalk or cab platform. tions is present:
(b)
(b) Stairways shall
shall be
be equipped
equipped with metal handrails (1) The
(1) The crane
crane has a maximum bridge speed of of
should be at an
and should an angle
angle of
of not
not more
more than
than 50
50 deg 320 ft/min (100
320 ft/min m/min) or greater.
(100 m/min) greater.
the horizontal.
with the horizontal. Walking
Walking surfaces shall be of a slip- (2) The crane is remote operated.
(2)
resistant type. (3)
(3) The crane
crane isis pulpit operated.
(c) Ladders
(c) Ladders shall
shall be
be fastened
fastened in place and shall be
in place (4) The
The location
location of of the
the runway
runway end stops is
end stops
constructed inin compliance
compliance with
with ANSI
ANSI A14.3.
A14.3. uncertain. As an example, the bumper
obscured or uncertain. bumper force
applied
applied atat 100%
100% of of rated
rated load speed
speed is 625% greater than
625% greater than
18-1.6.5 Egress
18-1.6.5 Egress the bumper force force applied at 40% 40% ofof rated
rated speed load.
There should be means
means of
of egress
egress from
from cab-operated
cab-operated
stacker cranes
stacker cranes to permit departure
departure under
under emergency
emergency 18-1.7.3Trolley
18-1.7.3 TrolleyBumpers
Bumpers (Buffers)
(Buffers) (11)
conditions. The
The means
means of
of egress
egress should
should depend
depend on the
(a)
(a) A stacker trolley shall
shall be
be provided
provided with bumpers
facts of
of the situation. other automatic
automatic means
means of of equivalent
equivalent effect.
effect. These
These
or other
bumpers shall
bumpers shall have
have the the following
following minimum
minimum
SECTION 18-1.7:
SECTION STOPS,BUMPERS,
18-1.7: STOPS, BUMPERS, RAIL
RAIL characteristics:
SWEEPS, AND GUARDS (1)
(1) have energy-absorbing (or -dissipating) capac-
ity to stop the stacker trolley
trolley and
and the
the rated load when
18-1.7.1 Trolley
18-1.7.1 Trolley Stops
Stops it is
is traveling
traveling with power off off in either
either direction
direction atat a
(a)
(a) Stops shall be provided at the the limits
limits of
of travel
travel of least 50%
speed of at least 50% ofof rated
rated load speed
the stacker trolley.
trolley. (2)
(2) be capable
capable ofof stopping the stacker trolley, trolley,
(b) Stops
(b) Stops shall
shall be designed to withstand
be designed withstand thethe forces
forces including the vertically guided lifted
vertically guided lifted load,
load, at a rate of
to the
applied to the bumpers
bumpersas asspecified
specifiedin
inpara.
para.18-1.7.3.
18-1.7.3. deceleration
deceleration not to exceed
exceed an an average
average ofof 4.7 ft/sec22
4.7 ft/sec
2
(c)
(c) If a stop engages the tread of the wheel,
wheel, it shall
shall (1.4
(1.4 m/s
m/s2)) when it is traveling with power off off in either
height less
not be of a height less than the
the radius
radius of
of the
the wheel.
wheel. direction
direction at one-third
one-third of
of rated load speed

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

(3)
(3) be so mounted that there is no direct shear on SECTION 18-1.8:
SECTION BRAKES
18-1.8: BRAKES
bolts upon impact
18-1.8.1Brakes
18-1.8.1 Brakesfor
forStacker
StackerCrane
Crane Hoists
Hoists
(b)
(b) Bumpers shallshall be
be designed
designed and installed to mini-
mize
mize parts falling
falling from
from the stacker
stacker trolley
trolley in case
case of
of (a) Each independent hoisting unit of a stacker crane
(a)
breakage. shall be equipped with at least one holding brake,
(c)
(c) When a bridge has more than one trolley,trolley, bumpers
bumpers applied directly to the motor shaft or some part of the
shall
shall be provided
provided on their adjacent ends to meet the
adjacent ends gear train.
requirements of
requirements of paras.
paras.18-1.7.3(a)(1), (2), and (3).
18-1.7.3(a)(1), (2), (b) Each independent
(b) independent hoisting
hoisting unit
unit of
of a stacker crane,
(d)
(d) Consideration shall be given to providing bump- except worm-geared hoists,
except worm-geared hoists, the
the angle
angle of
of whose worm
ers with greater capacity for energy absorption (or dissi- is such as to prevent
prevent the
the load
load from
from accelerating
accelerating in the
pation) than
than that
thatspecified
specifiedininpara.
para.18-1.7.3(a)(1), and to
18-1.7.3(a)(1), and lowering direction, shall, in addition
addition to a holding brake,
providing trolley
providing trolley end stops with with corresponding
corresponding be equipped
equipped with
with control
control braking
braking means
means to control low-
increased strength
strength when
when any
any one
one of the following condi- ering speeds.
tions is present:
(1)
(1) The trolley has
has aa maximum
maximum speed
speed ofof 150
150ft/min
ft/min 18-1.8.2 Hoist
18-1.8.2 HoistHolding
Holding Brakes
Brakes
(46 m/min) or greater.
(46 m/min) greater. (a) Holding brakes for stacker crane hoist units shall
(a)
(2)
(2) The trolley
trolley is
is on a remote-operated crane. have not less than the following percentages of the the rated
rated
(3)
(3) The trolley
trolley is
is on
on a pulpit-operated rane. load
load hoisting torque at
hoisting torque at the point where
where the brake is
(4)
(4) The location of thethe trolley end
end stops is obscured applied:
or uncertain. (1)
(1) 125% when used
125% when used with a control braking means
other than mechanical
mechanical
18-1.7.4 Rail
18-1.7.4 RailSweeps
Sweeps (2)
(2) 100% when used with a mechanical
100% when mechanical control
(a) Bridge trucks for
(a) Bridge for gantry type stacker cranes shall braking means
be equipped with sweeps that extend to the rail top, or (3)
(3) 100% each ifif two
100% each two holding
holding brakes are provided
below the rail top and
below the and project
project in front
front of
of the
the stacker
stacker (b) Holding
Holding brakes
brakes on hoists shall have thermal
thermal capac-
crane leading wheels. ity for the frequency
frequency of of operation
operation required
required by the service.
(b)
(b) Overhead
Overhead top running stacker bridge trucks (c) Holding
Holding brakes
brakes on hoists shall be beapplied
applied automat-
automat-
should be equipped with sweeps that extend below the ically
ically when power to the brake is removed.
top of the rail and
and project
project in front
front of the stacker
stacker crane (d) Holding brakes shall shall be
be provided with means to
leading wheels. compensate for lining wear.
(e) The wearing surface of all brakebrake wheels,
wheels, drums,
drums, or
NOTE:
NOTE: IfIfwheel
wheelstops
stopsare
areused,
used,rail
railsweeps
sweeps may
may become impracti-
cal and cannot be used. disks
disks shall be free of
ofdefects
defectsthat
thatinterfere
interferewith
withoperation.
operation.
(c)
(c) Top running stacker trolley trucks should be
Top running 18-1.8.3Hoist
18-1.8.3 HoistControlled
Controlled Braking
Braking Means
equipped with sweeps that extend below the top of the
(a) An electrically
(a) controlled braking
electrically controlled braking means (such as
rail and project
project in front
front of
of the
the stacker
stacker trolley
trolley leading
regenerative, dynamic, countertorque,
regenerative, dynamic, countertorque, oror eddy current
wheels. braking)
braking) or a mechanical oror hydraulic
hydraulic controlled
controlled braking
braking
NOTE:
NOTE: IfIfwheel
wheelstops
stopsare
areused,
used,rail
railsweeps
sweeps may
may become impracti- means shall be capable of maintaining controlled low-
cal and cannot be used. ering speeds.
(b) The controlled
(b) controlled braking means shall have thermal
18-1.7.5 Wheel
18-1.7.5 Wheeland
andTruck
Truck Frames
Frames capacity for the frequency
frequency ofof operation
operation required by the
Means should be provided
provided to limit the drop
drop of stacker service.
trolley and bridge
bridge truck
truck frames
frames to
to 11 in.
in. (25
(25 mm) in case
of wheel or axle breakage. 18-1.8.4Brakes
18-1.8.4 Brakesfor
forStacker
StackerCrane
Crane Trolleys
Trolleys and
Bridges (Cab Operated)
18-1.7.6 Guards
18-1.7.6 Guards for
for Moving
Moving Parts
Parts (a) Foot-operated
(a) brakes shall
Foot-operated brakes shall require
require an applied
(a)
(a) Exposed moving parts such as gears, set screws,
Exposed moving screws, force of not more than 70 lb (310
force of N) to develop rated
(310 N)
projecting keys, chains, chain sprockets, and reciprocat- brake torque.
ing components that constitute
components that constitute aa hazard under normal (b) Brake
(b) Brake pedals,
pedals, latches,
latches, and
and levers should allow
operating conditions shall
shall be
be guarded. release without the exertion of greater force
release without force than was
(b) Each
(b) Each guard shall be capable of
capable of supporting, with- used in applying the brake.
out permanent deformation,
deformation, thethe weight
weight of
of aa 200
200 lb (c) Brakes
(c) Brakes may
may be applied by by mechanical,
mechanical, electrical,
electrical,
(90 kg) person
(90 kg) person unless
unless the
the guard
guard is located where it is
located where pneumatic, hydraulic, or gravity means.
not probable
probable that a person will step on on it.
it. Refer
Refer to (d) Brakes
(d) shall be
Brakes shall be provided
provided with means to compen-
ASME B15.1. sate for lining wear.

- - ....... 11
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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

(e)
(e) The wearing surfaces of all all brakes
brakes wheels,
wheels, drums,
drums, 18-1.8.7 ApplicationofofStacker
18-1.8.7 Application StackerCrane
CraneTrolley
Trolley Brakes
Brakes
or disks shall be free of defects
defects that interfere with (a)
(a) On cab-operated stacker cranes with a cab on the
operation. trolley,
trolley, aa trolley
trolley service
service brake
brake shall
shall be
be required
required as speci-
(f)
(f) Foot-brake pedals
pedals shall bebe constructed so that the fied under
under para.
para.18-1.8.4.
18-1.8.4.
operator's
operator’s foot will not readily slip off the pedal. (b)
(b) If a brake is provided on on aa stacker
stacker crane
crane trolley
trolley
(g)
(g) Foot-operated brakes shall
Foot-operated brakes shall bebe equipped
equipped with
with a that does not havehave aa cab
cab onon the
the trolley,
trolley, it should have
means for positive release when force force is released from a torque rating of of not less
less than 50%
50% ofof the rated motor
the pedal
pedal. torque at the point of of application.
(h)
(h) The foot-brake pedals should
foot-brake pedals should be be so located that (c)
(c) On cab-operated stacker cranes with a cab on the
they are convenient to the operator at the the controls.
controls. bridge, a drag brake may be applied to hold the trolley
(i)
(i) Except
Except forfor emergency
emergency braking braking means
means in in in a desired
desired position
position on the the bridge
bridge and
and toto eliminate
eliminate
para. 18-1.8.6(b), brakesfor
18-1.8.6(b), brakes forstopping
stopping thethe motion of the creep with the power off. off.
stacker crane trolley
stacker crane trolley oror bridge
bridge shall
shall have
have the torque
torque (d)
(d) On all floor-,
floor-, remote-,
remote-,and
andpulpit-operated
pulpit-operated stacker
capability to stop
capability to stop the stacker
stacker crane trolley
trolley or bridge
bridge crane trolley
crane drives, an emergency
trolley drives, emergency brakebrake with torque
within a distance
distance in
in feet
feet (meters)
(meters) equal to to 10%
10% of rated rating per
per para.
para. 18-1.8.6(b),
18-1.8.6(b), aa drag
drag brake, or a noncoast-
load
load speed
speed in ft/min
ft/min (m/min)
(m/min) whenwhen traveling
traveling at full
full ing mechanical drive should be provided.
mechanical drive
speed with rated load and and with
with power
power off.
off.
NOTE:
NOTE: IfIfdrive
drivefriction
frictionlosses
losses result
result in
in meeting this requirement, 18-1.8.8 ApplicationofofStacker
18-1.8.8 Application StackerCrane
Crane Bridge
Bridge Brakes
Brakes
a brake is not required. (a)
(a) On cab-operated stacker cranes with a cab on the
(j)
(j) If parking
parking brakes are provided on the stacker crane bridge, a service brake shall be required as specified in
bridge or trolley(s), they shall
trolley(s), they shall not prohibit the use of a para. 18-1.8.6.
para. 18-1.8.6.
drift point in the
the control
control circuit.
circuit. (b)
(b) On cab-operated stacker cranes with a cab on the
(k) Brakes shall
(k) Brakes shall have thermal capacity for the fre- trolley, aa bridge
bridge brake
brake of
of the
the emergency
emergency type,
type, in
inaddition
addition
quency of operation required by the service.
service. to a service or controlled braking means, shall be
required. This brake
required. brake shall
shall comply
comply with
withpara.
para.18-1.8.6(b).
18-1.8.6(b).
18-1.8.5Brakes
18-1.8.5 Brakesfor
forStacker
StackerCrane
Crane Trolleys
Trolleys and (c)
(c) On all floor-,
floor-, remote-,
remote-,andand pulpit-operated
pulpit-operated stacker
Bridges (Floor
(Floor and Remote Operated, noncoasting
crane bridge drives, an emergency brake or noncoasting
Including
Including Skeleton Cab
Cab Operated) mechanical drive shall be provided to meet the require-
Brakes,
Brakes, ifif provided,
provided, shall
shall meet the requirements
requirements of
of ments ofof para.
para.18-1.8.6(b).
18-1.8.6(b).
paras. 18-1.8.4(d), (e), (i),
18-1.8.4(d), (e), (i), (j),
(j), and
and (k).
18-1.8.6Stacker
18-1.8.6 StackerCrane
CraneTrolley
Trolley and
and Bridge
Bridge Braking
Braking SECTION 18-1.9:
SECTION ELECTRICALEQUIPMENT
18-1.9: ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Means 18-1.9.1 General
General (11)
(a)
(a) Service braking
braking means for stopping the motion of (a)
(a) Wiring
Wiring and and equipment
equipment shall comply comply with
the stacker crane trolley or bridge shall have the torque Article 610 of ANSI/NFPA 70.
capability to stop
capability to stop the stacker
stacker crane trolley
trolley or bridge
bridge (b)
(b) The control
control circuit
circuit voltage
voltageinin pendant
pendant push
push but-
within a distance
distance in in feet
feet (meters)
(meters) equal to
to 10%
10% of rated tons or to cab-operated
cab-operated controllers
controllersshall
shallnot
notexceed
exceed150
150 V
load speed in ft/min
ft/min (m/s)
(m/s)when
whentraveling
traveling at
at full speed for AC or 300
300 V for DC.
with rated load. (c)
(c) Where multiple conductor
Where multiple conductor cable
cable isis used
used with
with a
(b)
(b) Emergency braking means,
Emergency braking means, when required, shall suspended
suspended push-button
push-button station,
station, the
the station
station shall be sup-
have
have the capability
capability of decelerating
decelerating the stacker
stacker crane
crane ported soso that
that the
theelectrical
electrical conductors
conductors are protected
protected
trolley or bridge from rated load speed speed to
to 40%
40% of rated from strain.
load speed
speed in
in the
the distance
distancespecified
specifiedin
inpara.
para.18-1.8.6(a).
18-1.8.6(a).
(d)
(d) Pendant
Pendant control stations shall
control stations shall be constructed
constructed to
NOTE:
NOTE: IfIfdrive
drivefriction
frictionlosses
losses result
result in
in meeting this requirement, prevent electrical shock. The
prevent Thepush-button
push-button enclosure shall
this braking means is not required. be at ground potential.
(c)
(c) If parking
parking brakes are provided
provided on the stacker crane (e)
(e) Control actuators shall be labeled indicating their
bridge or trolley(s), they shall
trolley(s), they shall not prohibit the use of a function and resulting direction of motion.
drift point in the
the control
control circuit.
circuit.
(d)
(d) Brake or braking means on stacker crane trolleys
Brake or 18-1.9.2 Equipment
18-1.9.2 Equipment
and bridges shall have thermal capacity for the fre- (a)
(a) Electrical equipment shall
Electrical equipment shall be
be so
so located or
quency of operation required by the service.
service. enclosed that live parts will not be exposed to inadver-
(e)
(e) Any combination
combination of service, emergency, and
emergency, and park-
park- tent contact under normal operating conditions.
ing functions may be provided
provided by a single friction brake (b)
(b) Live
Live parts of electrical equipment shall
electrical equipment shall be
be pro-
as long as it can be applied without having having power tected from direct exposure to grease, oil,
oil, and
and moisture,
available. and they should be protected from dirt.

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ASME B30.18-2011

(c) Guards for live parts, if provided, shall be so con- 18-1.9.4 Resistors
18-1.9.4 Resistors
structed
structed or located
located that they
they cannot
cannot be
be inadvertently
inadvertently
(a) Resistor
(a) units, when
Resistor units, when used,
used, shall
shall be
be supported
supported to
deformed so as to make contact with the live parts.
minimize vibration
vibration effect.
effect.
(b) Provisions
(b) shall be
Provisions shall be made
made to
to prevent broken
broken parts
(11) 18-1.9.3Controllers
(11) 18-1.9.3 Controllers or molten metal falling
falling upon the operator or from the
crane.
(a)
(a) Stacker cranes not
Stacker cranes not equipped with spring-return
spring-return (c) If resistor enclosures
(c) enclosures are
are provided, the enclosures
controllers, spring-return
controllers, spring-return master switches,
switches, or momen- shall be installed to minimize the accumulation of com-
tary contact push
pushbuttons
buttonsshall
shallbebe provided
provided with
with a device bustible matter.
which
which will
will disconnect
disconnect all all motors
motors from
from the
the line
line in
in the
event of a power
power failure.
failure. This
This disconnect
disconnect device shall 18-1.9.5 Switches
18-1.9.5 Switches (11)
not permit any motor to be restarted
restarted until
until the
the controller
or master switch handle is brought to the the off
off position, (a) The power supply to the runway conductors shall
(a)
or a reset switch or “power"power on”on" button is operated. be controlled by a switch or circuit circuit breaker located on
a fixed structure, accessible from the the floor,
floor,andand arranged
arranged
(b)
(b) Lever-operated manual controllers controllers and master
to be locked in the open position.
switches shall be provided with a notch or latch, which
(b) On cab-operated
cab-operated stacker
stacker cranes,
cranes, a switch or circuit
in the off position,
position, prevents
prevents the handle from being inad-
vertently moved to
vertently moved to the on position.
position. An offoff detent, or breaker of the enclosed type with provision for locking
spring-return arrangement,
arrangement, is is acceptable.
acceptable. in the open position shall be provided in the leads from
the runway conductors. A means of opening this device
(c)
(c) For cab-operated cranes,
For cab-operated cranes, the master switch shall be located within the reach of of the
the operator
operator when
when the
operating mechanism
mechanism shall shall be located within reach of operator is in the operating position. When the operator
the operator. opens this switch
switch or circuit breaker, the holding brake(s)
(d)
(d) For cab-
cab- oror pulpit-operated stacker cranes, the should set.
movement
movement of of each
each operating
operating handle
handle should
should bebe in the (c) On floor-, remote-, or
floor-, remote-, or pulpit-operated stacker
same general direction as the resultant movement of the cranes, a switch or circuit breaker of the enclosed type
load, except
except asas shown
shownininFigs.
Figs.18-1.9.3-1
18-1.9.3-1 and
and18-1.9.3-2.
18-1.9.3-2. shall be provided in the leads from the runway conduc-
(e)
(e) For cab-
cab- oror pulpit-operated stacker cranes, the tors.
tors. This device shall
This device shall be
be mounted
mounted on on the bridge or
arrangement of manual controllers
controllers or master switches
switches footwalk near the runwayrunway collectors.
collectors. There shall be pro-
should
should conform
conformtotoFigs.Figs.18-1.9.3-1
18-1.9.3-1 and
and18-1.9.3-2.
18-1.9.3-2. visions for locking the the device
device inin the
the open
open position
position unless
unless
(f)
(f) If
If a magnet
magnet controller
controller is provided,
provided, the on on (lift)
(lift) the stacker crane is the only load on on aa lockable
lockable switch
direction shall be
direction shall be toward
toward the operator and off off (drop)
(drop) or circuit breaker
breaker that
that is
is accessible
accessible from
from the
the floor.
floor. One of
direction away from the operator. the following types of floor-,
floor-,remote-,
remote-,or orpulpit-operated
pulpit-operated
(g)
(g) For floor-operated
floor-operated stacker cranes, the controller
controller
disconnects shall
shall be provided:
or controllers, if rope-operated, shall automatically (1)
(1) nonconductive fiber-rope
fiber-rope attached
attached to to the main
return to the off position when released by the operator.
return disconnect device
device on a floor-operated
floor-operated stacker crane. crane. If
If
this is selected, the rope shall be suspended adjacent to
(h)
(h) Push buttons in pendant stations shall return to
the operating ropes if manual manual controllers
controllers are are used, or
the off position when pressure is released by the crane near the pendant push-button
push-button station
station ifif magnetic
magnetic con-
operator.
trols are used.
(i)
(i) Remote-operated stacker cranes shall function so (2)
(2) an under
under voltage
voltage trip
trip for
for aa main
main circuit
circuit breaker,
that if the control signal for any crane motion becomes operated by an emergency
emergency stop stop button
button in the pendant
ineffective, that
that crane motion shall stop, andand conversely, push-button station or the pulpit.
signals
signals received from any
received from any source
source other
other than the (3)
(3) a main line contactor operated by a switch or
contactor operated
operating station (transmitter) shall not result in opera- push button on the the pendant
pendant push-button
push-button station,
station, the
tion of any motion of the stacker crane. remote control
control station,
station, oror the pulpit.
(j)
(j) The arrangement of of pendant
pendant push-button stations (d) The hoisting
hoisting motion
motion of all electric traveling
traveling stacker
stacker
and radio-control transmitters should should conform
conform to cranes shall be provided with an overtravel limit switch
Figs. 18-1.9.3-3 and 18-1.9.3-4,
18-1.9.3-3 and respectively. Compass
18-1.9.3-4, respectively. Compass in the
the hoisting
hoisting direction
direction to stop
stop hoisting
hoisting motion.
motion. On
directions may
may bebe substituted for “right-left”
"right-left" and "for-
“for- stacker cranes using
stacker cranes using aa wire rope hoist,
wire rope hoist, ifif a geared or
ward-reverse"
ward-reverse” in inFig.
Fig. 18-1.9.3-3,
18-1.9.3-3, and for W,
W, X, YY and Z other
other limit
limit switch device that
switch device that operates
operates in relation
relation to
in Fig.
Fig. 18-1.9.3-4.
18-1.9.3-4. drum
drum turns
turns is
is used,
used, anan additional
additional limit
limit switch
switch or device
(k)
(k) Master switches shall be labeled to indicate their that operates
operates independent
independent of drum rotations rotations shall be
functions. provided.

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

(11) Fig. 18-1.9.3-1 RecommendedArrangement

18-1.9.3-1 Recommended ArrangementofofControllers
Controllersor
orMaster
MasterSwitches
Switches (Three-Motor
(Three-Motor Crane)
Crane)

Down
0

Bridge drive girder

Main hoist
Bridge
CD >

Trolley
Bridge CD CD

f 0 ).
Trolley o 1=
'z Main hoist
Down - 0 Up
u Y///a Main hoist 0
Trolley 022 D
Up • 0 Down
€21 Bridge C77)
Bridge
I0

Left-hand cab Right-hand cab

Up

Center cab

(11) Fig. 18-1.9.3-2 RecommendedArrangement

18-1.9.3-2 Recommended ArrangementofofControllers
Controllersor
orMaster
MasterSwitches
Switches(Four-Motor
(Four-Motor Crane)
Crane)
Down

Down

Bridge drive girder

Main hoist
Aux. hoist
Bridge
Trolley

Bridge rn Aux. hoist

t Down - 0 Up
Trolley
< ' H Down •
Main hoist
0 Y Up
ea WA Main hoist Trolley
T1ley V/i'
Up • ) —1 Down
Down 0 I I
Aux. hoist
u w4 Aux. hoist Bridge C77) D
Bridge
Up
Up Down 2 • Q

Left-hand cab 0. 0. Right-hand cab

Up

Up

7 7

Center cab

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

Fig.
Fig. 18-1.9.3-3 Recommended
18-1.9.3-3 Recommended ArrangementofofControllers
Arrangement Controllers(Pendant
(PendantPush-Button
Push-Button Station
StationArrangement)
Arrangement) (11)

0 (Indicating Light)
Power On Power On

0
Power Off
Power Off
0
Power Off
Off

0 0
Up Up

0 0
Down Down
Main Hoist Main Hoist

0 0
Up Up

0 0
Down Down
Auxiliary Hoist Auxiliary Hoist

0 0
Right Right

0 0
Left Left
Trolley Trolley

0 0
Forward Forward

0
Reverse
0
Reverse
Bridge Bridge
1

Power
On Power
On
Off
2
GENERAL
GENERAL NOTE:
NOTE:In In
each user
each location,
user the
location, relative
the arrangement
relative ofof
arrangement units
unitsononcrane
cranependant
pendantpush-button
push-buttonstations
stations should
should be
be standardized. In
In
the absence
absence of
of such
such standardization,
standardization, suggested
suggested arrangements
arrangements are
are shown
shown inin arrangements
arrangements 1 and 2.

15
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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

(11) Fig. 18-1.9.3-4

Fig. RecommendedArrangement
18-1.9.3-4 Recommended Arrangementof ofControllers
Controllers
(Radio Crane
(Radio Crane Control
Control Transmitter Lever
Lever Arrangement)
Main Auxiliary
Bridge Trolleyhoist
Bridge Trolley hoist
hoist hoist

X Y Down Down
Y Down Down

W
W Z Up Up
Up Up

Four-Motion

Bridge Hoist
Trolley Hoist
Bridge Trolley

X Down
Y Down
Y

W
W Z Up
Z Up

Three-Motion

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 ASME B30.18-2011
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18-1.9.6Runway
18-1.9.6 RunwayConductors
Conductors is provided, in which case no less less than one wrap shall
Conductors of the open type, mounted on the stacker remain.
crane runway beams
crane beams or overhead,
overhead, shall be located or (2) Rope
Rope end
end shall be anchored by a clamp attached attached
guarded
guarded so that persons
persons cannot inadvertently
inadvertently come into to the drum,
drum, oror by
by aasocket
socket arrangement
arrangement specified
specified by
contact with them.
contact the crane or roperope manufacturer.
manufacturer. The rope clamps shall
be tightened
tightened evenly to the themanufacturer’s
manufacturer's recommended
recommended
18-1.9.7 Extension
18-1.9.7 Extension Lamps
Lamps torque.
(d) Eye splices shall
(d) shall be
bemade
made inin aarecommended
recommended man- man-
If a service receptacle is provided in the stacker
receptacle is stacker cab
ner. Rope
Rope thimbles
thimbles should
should be be used in the eye.
or on the
the stacker
stacker bridge,
bridge, it shall
shall be a grounded
grounded type
(e) Wire-rope
(e) clips shall
Wire-rope clips shall bebe drop-forged
drop-forged steelsteel of the
permanent receptacle,
permanent receptacle, not
not exceeding
exceeding300
300 V.
V.
single saddle
saddle (U-bolt) or double saddlesaddle type
type clip. Mallea-
shall not
ble cast iron clips shall not bebe used.
used. For
For spacing,
spacing, number
number
SECTION 18-1.10:
SECTION HOISTINGEQUIPMENT
18-1.10: HOISTING EQUIPMENT of clips,
clips, and
and torque values, refer to the clip clip manufactur-
manufactur-
er's
er ’s recommendation.
recommendation. Wire-rope clips attached with
Wire-rope clips
18-1.10.1 Sheaves
Sheaves U-bolts shall have
U-bolts shall have the
the U-bolt
U-bolt over
over the
the dead
dead end of the
(a)
(a) Sheave grooves shall be free from surface defects rope and the live live rope resting
resting in the
the clip
clip saddle.
saddle. Clips
that could cause rope damage. The cross-sectional
cross-sectional radius
radius shall be tightened evenly to the recommended
recommended torque.
at the bottom of the groove should be such as to form After
After thethe initial load is
initial load is applied
applied to the rope, rope, the
the clip
clip
a close-fitting saddle for the size of rope used. The sides nuts shall be retightened to the recommended torque to
of the groove
groove shall
shall be
betapered
tapered outward
outward and and rounded at compensate
compensate for for any decrease
decrease in rope diameter caused
the rim to facilitate entrance of the rope into the groove. by the load. Rope
Rope clip
clipnuts
nutsshould
should be
beretightened
retightened period-
period-
Flange rims shall
Flange rims shall run
run true about the axis
axis of rotation. ically
ically toto compensate
compensate for for anyany further decrease
decrease in rope
(b)
(b) Sheaves carrying ropes, which can be be momentarily
momentarily diameter during usage.
unloaded, shall be provided
provided with
with close-fitting
close-fitting guards, (f) Swaged
(f) Swaged or compressed fittings shall
compressed fittings shall be applied
or other devices, to guide the rope back into the groove as recommended
recommended by the rope, stacker crane, or fitting
when the load is reapplied. manufacturer.
(c)
(c) Means shall be provided to to minimize
minimize chafing
chafing ofof (g) Wherever exposed to ambient temperatures
(g) temperatures at the
the ropes during normal operation. rope in excess
excess of 180°F (82°C),rope
180°F (82°C), ropehaving
havingan an indepen-
indepen-
(d)
(d) All
All running sheaves should be
sheaves should be equipped with dent
dent wire-rope
wire-rope or or wire-strand
wire-strand core, core, or or other
other
means for lubrication.
lubrication. Permanently lubricated, sealed, temperature-damage resistant core, shall be used.
or shielded bearings are acceptable.
acceptable. (h) Replacement
(h) Replacement rope rope shall
shall be
be the same size, grade,
(e)
(e) Sheave pitch diameter, in relation
relation to rope
rope diameter,
diameter, and construction as the original rope furnished by the
will have an effect
effect on the wear of of the
the rope.
rope. Therefore,
Therefore, stacker crane manufacturer, unless otherwise recom-
rope inspection
inspection asas given
givenininparas.
paras.18-2.4.1,
18-2.4.1, 18-2.4.2, and
18-2.4.2, and mended
mended by aa rope rope oror stacker
stacker crane
crane manufacturer
manufacturer or
18-2.4.3 shall be followed.
18-2.4.3 shall qualified person due to actual actual working
working condition
requirements.
Drums
18-1.10.2 Drums 18-1.10.4 Equalizers
18-1.10.4 Equalizers
Rope
Rope drums shall
shall be
be grooved.
grooved. The
The grooves
grooves shall be If a load is supported by more than one part of rope,
free from surface
surface defects
defects that
that could
could cause
cause rope
rope damage. the tension in the parts shall
shall be equalized.
The cross-sectional radius at
cross-sectional radius at the bottom of the groove
groove 18-1.10.5Guards
18-1.10.5 Guardsfor
forHoisting
Hoisting Ropes
Ropes
should form a close-fitting saddle for
close-fitting saddle for the size of rope (a) If it is possible for hoisting ropes to foul or chafe
(a)
used. on adjacent parts of the stacker
adjacent parts stacker crane
crane under normal
normal
18-1.10.3 Rope
Rope
operating conditions, guards shall be installed to mini-
(11)
(11) 18-1.10.3
mize damage to the rope.
(a)
(a) The
The hoisting ropes shall
hoisting ropes shall be ofof aa recommended
recommended (b) A guard shall be provided to prevent
(b) prevent contact
contact
construction for
construction for stacker
stacker crane
crane service.
service. TheThe total load between bridge
bridge or runway conductors
conductors and hoisting
(rated load + weight of carriage)
carriage) divided
divided by the number ropes if, under normal
normal operating
operating conditions,
conditions, they can
of parts ofof line
line shall
shall not
not exceed
exceed 20%
20% of of the minimum come into contact.
breaking force of of the rope.
(b)
(b) Socketing shall be
Socketing shall be done in the manner
manner specified
specified SECTION 18-1.11:
SECTION WARNINGDEVICES
18-1.11: WARNING DEVICES
by the manufacturer of the hoist rope assembly or the On cab- and
and remote-operated stacker cranes, an
an audi-
audi-
rope manufacturer. ble or visual warning means shall be provided.
(c)
(c) Rope shall
shall be secured
secured to the drum as as follows:
follows:
(1)
(1) No less than two wraps
wraps ofof rope shall remain on SECTION 18-1.12:
SECTION LUBRICATION
18-1.12: LUBRICATION
each anchorage of of the
the hoisting
hoisting drum
drum when the carriage Lubricating points should be
Lubricating points be accessible
accessible from walk-
is in its extreme low position unless a lower limit device ways, floors, or platforms.

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

Chapter 18-2
Chapter 18-2
Inspection, Testing,
Testing, and Maintenance

SECTION 18.2.1:
SECTION INSPECTION
18.2.1: INSPECTION (b)
(b) A designated person shall determine whether
whether con-
ditions found during the inspection constitute a hazard
18-2.1.1Inspection
18-2.1.1 InspectionClassification
Classification and whether aa more
more detailed
detailed inspection
inspection is required.

(a)
(a) Initial Inspection. Prior to initial use, all all new,
new,
(c)
(c) The following items shall be inspected:
reinstalled, altered, modified,
reinstalled, altered, modified, or extensively
extensively repaired
repaired (1)
(1) all functional operating mechanisms for malad-
stacker cranes shall be be inspected
inspected byby aa designated
designated person
person justment interfering
justment interfering with
with proper operation
to verify compliance with the applicable
applicable provisions
provisions of (2)
(2) operation of upper
upper limit
limit device(s)
device(s) shall be veri-
this Volume.
Volume. fied in accordance
accordance with
with para.
para.18-3.2.3(a)
18-3.2.3(a)
(b) Inspection
(b) Inspection procedures
procedures for stacker cranes in regular (3)
(3) lines, tanks,
tanks, valves,
valves, pumps,
pumps, and other parts of of
service is divided into two two general
general classifications
classifications based pneumatic or hydraulic systems for leakage
upon the intervals
intervals at which
which inspection should be per- (4)
(4) rated load supporting
supporting devices attached to the
devices attached
formed.
formed. The The intervals
intervals inin turn
turn are
are dependent
dependent upon the carriage
nature of thethe critical
critical components of the stacker
stacker crane (5)
(5) hoist ropes, including end fittings,
fittings, rope clips,
clips,
and the degree
degree of their exposure to wear, deterioration, and proper seating in sheaves and drums
sheaves and
or malfunction. The two general classifications are des-
ignated as frequent and periodic with respective intervals (6)
(6) free fall stop(s)
between inspections as defined below. below.
(1) Frequent Inspection. Visual examinations by the
18-2.1.3 Periodic
18-2.1.3 Periodic Inspection
Inspection
operator
operator or other designated person with records records not
required. Complete inspection of
Complete inspection of the
the stacker
stacker cranes
cranes shall be
(a)
(a) Normal service: monthly performed at
performed at intervals
intervalsasasdefined
definedininpara.
para.18-2.1.1(b)(2).
18-2.1.1(b)(2).
(b)
(b) Heavy service: weekly to monthly
service: weekly Any deficiencies, such as thosethose listed, shall be examined
examined
(c)
(c) Severe service:
service: daily
daily to weekly by a designated person and determination made as to
(d)
(d) Special
Special or infrequent service:
service: recommended whether they constitute aa hazard. hazard. These
These inspections
by a qualified person beforebefore and after
after each
each instance
instance of should include
include thethe requirements
requirements of of para.
para. 18-2.1.2
18-2.1.2 and,
special or infrequent service
service in addition, items such as as the
the following:
following:
(2) Periodic
Periodic Inspection. VisualVisual inspection
inspection by (a)
(a) deformed, cracked, or corroded members.
appointed person makingmaking records
records of apparent external (b)
(b) loose bolts or rivets.
conditions
conditions to to provide
provide the basis for a continuing
continuing (c)
(c) cracked sheaves and
cracked or worn sheaves and drums.
evaluation.
(d)
(d) worn,
worn, cracked,
cracked, or or distorted
distorted parts
parts such
such as pins,
pins,
(a)
(a) Normal service, equipment in place: yearly bearings, shafts, gears, rollers, andand locking
locking andand clamping
clamping
(b)
(b) Heavy service, equipment in place: quarterly, devices.
unless external conditions indicate that disassembly (e)
(e) excessive
excessive wear wear onon brake
brake system
system parts, linings,
should be done to permitpermit detailed
detailed inspection
inspection
pawls, and ratchets.
(c)
(c) Severe service, equipment
equipment in place: quarterly,
(f)
(f) load and other
other indicators
indicators over their full range for
unless external conditions indicate that disassembly
any significant inaccuracies.
should be done to permitpermit detailed
detailed inspection
inspection
(d)
(d) Special
Special or infrequent service:
service: recommended
(g)
(g) excessive wearwear of chain
chain drive
drive sprockets andand exces-
by a qualified person beforebefore and after
after each
each instance
instance of
sive chain stretch.
special or infrequent service (h)
(h) electrical apparatus for signs of
electrical apparatus of any
any deterioration
deterioration
of controllers, master switches, contacts, limit switches,
and push-button
push-button stations,
stations, but
but not
not limited
limited to these items.
18-2.1.2 Frequent
18-2.1.2 Frequent Inspection
Inspection
(i)
(i) all limit devices should
should be checked, without
without a load
(a) Frequent inspections
inspections shall
shall be
be performed at inter- on the
the carriage.
carriage. Care
Care shall
shall be
be exercised.
exercised. TheThe carriage
carriage
vals defined in
in para.
para. 18-2.1.1(b)(1) and shall include
18-2.1.1(b)(1) and shall be inched into its limit device,
device, oror run
run in at a slow
observations
observations during operation. speed.

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18-2.1.4Stacker
18-2.1.4 StackerCranes
Cranes Not
Not in
in Regular
Regular Use
Use (1)
(1) Hoist the carriage
Hoist the and test
carriage and test load a distance to
(a)
(a) A stacker crane,
crane, other than a standby stacker assure that the load is supported by by the
the stacker
stacker crane
crane
crane, which has been idle for a period of one month or and held byby the
the hoist
hoist brake(s).
brake(s).
more but less than one year, shall be given
given an an inspection
inspection (2)
(2) Transport the test load by means of the stacker
conforming with the the requirements
requirements of of para.
para.18-2.1.2
18-2.1.2 trolley for the full length of the bridge.
before being placed in service. (3)
(3) Transport
Transport the test load by means of the bridge
(b)
(b) Standby
Standby stacker cranes shall be
be inspected
inspected annually
annually for the full length of the runway in one direction with
in accordance
accordance with the
the requirements
requirements of of para.
para.18-2.1.2.
18-2.1.2. the trolley as close
close to
to the
the extreme
extreme right-hand
right-hand end of the
Standby stacker cranes exposed to adverse environ- stacker crane as practical and
and in the other direction with
ments should bebe inspected
inspected more
more frequently.
frequently. the trolley as close to the extreme left-hand
left-hand end of the
stacker crane as practical.
(11) 18-2.1.5Inspection
(11) 18-2.1.5 InspectionRecords
Records (4)
(4) Lower carriage and
Lower the carriage and test
test load,
load, and
and stop and
Dated inspection reports or comparable
comparable records shall hold the load with the the brake(s).
brake(s).
be made on on critical
critical items such asas hoisting
hoisting machinery
machinery
sheaves, carriage, chains, ropes, andand other lifting devices
SECTION 18-2.3:
SECTION MAINTENANCE
18-2.3: MAINTENANCE
as listed in
in para.
para.18-2.1.3. Records shall be available to
18-2.1.3. Records
appointed personnel. 18-2.3.1 Preventive
18-2.3.1 Preventive Maintenance
Maintenance (11)
(a) A preventive maintenance program
(a) program shall be estab-
SECTION 18-2.2:
SECTION TESTING
18-2.2: TESTING lished based on the stacker
stacker crane manufacturer's
manufacturer’s or a
18-2.2.1 Operational
18-2.2.1 Operational Tests
Tests qualified person's
person’s recommendation. Dated records
should be kept where available to appointed
appointed personnel.
(a) Prior to to initial
initial use, all new, reinstalled, altered, or
(b) Replacement
(b) parts shall
Replacement parts shall be
be at
at least
least equal
equal to the
modified stacker cranes
modified stacker cranes shall
shall be
be tested by a qualified
qualified
original manufacturer's
manufacturer’s specifications.
specifications.
person to ensure compliance with this volume volume including
including
the following functions: 18-2.3.2Maintenance
18-2.3.2 MaintenanceProcedure
Procedure
(1)
(1) lifting and lowering.
(2)
(2) trolley travel. (a) Before
(a) adjustmentsand
Before adjustments and repairs
repairs are
are started
started on a
(3)
(3) bridge travel. stacker crane, the following precautions shall be taken
(4)
(4) limit
limit switches.
switches. TheThe trip
trip setting
setting of hoist
hoist limit
limit as applicable:
devices shall be
devices shall be determined
determined by by tests
tests with
with an empty
empty (1)
(1) The stacker crane to be be repaired
repaired shall bebe run
run to
carriage traveling
carriage traveling in in increasing
increasing speeds
speeds up
up to the maxi- a location where it will cause the least interference with
mum speed. The actuating mechanism of the limit other stacker cranes
cranes and operations in the area.
device shall be
device shall be located
located soso that
that it will trip the
the device
device (2)
(2) All controllers shall be placed in the off off position.
position.
under
under all
all conditions,
conditions, inin sufficient time to prevent contact (3)
(3) Main
Main switch
switch (crane
(crane disconnect)
disconnect) shall be be
of the carriage or load blockblock with
with any part of the trolley de-energized
de-energized and locked, tagged, or flagged
locked, tagged, flagged inin the de-
mast support or or stacker
stacker crane. energized position.
(5)
(5) locking, limiting, and indicating
indicating devices,
devices, ifif (4)
(4) Effective markings and
Effective markings and barriers shall be utilized
utilized
provided. in instances where maintenance work creates a hazard-
(b) Prior to initial use, a repaired stacker
stacker crane shall ous area on the floor
floor beneath the stacker
stacker crane.
be tested. Testing
Testing maymay bebe limited
limited toto the functions (5)
(5) Where other stacker cranes are in operation on
are
affected by the repair. the same
same runway, rail stops
runway, rail stops or other
other means
means shall
shall be
provided to prevent
prevent interference
interference with the idle stacker
stacker
18-2.2.2 Rated
18-2.2.2 RatedLoad
Load Test
Test crane.
(a)
(a) Prior to initial use (6)
(6) Where temporary protective rail stops or other
(1)
(1) all new, reinstalled,
reinstalled, altered,
altered, or modified equip- means
means are not available or practical, a signalsignal person
person shall
ment shall be
ment shall be tested
tested and inspected
inspected by by or
or under thethe be placed at aa visual
visual vantage
vantage point
point for
for observing
observing the
direction of aa designated person.
direction of person. A A written test report approach
approach of of an active
active stacker crane and warning its
stacker crane
shall be prepared by the designated person and placed operator when reaching
reaching the limit
limit of safe distance from
on file. Test
Test loads
loads shall be 125%
125% ±± 5%5%ofofthe
the rated
rated load, the idle stacker crane.
unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer. (7)
(7) Where runways
runways are adjacent to the stacker crane
(2)
(2) the need for testing of repaired equipment shall runway of the stacker
stacker crane
crane being
beingrepaired
repairedand/or
and/or the
determined by a qualified person. When a rated load
be determined center runway or center repair platform
platform becomes a work
test is required, testing shall
shall bebe in
in accordance
accordance with area that is not protected by wire mesh or other suitable
para. 18-2.2.2(a)(1).
para. 18-2.2.2(a)(1). protection,
protection, or or if any hazard
hazard from
from adjacent
adjacent operations
operations
(b) The rated load test,
test, if
if made,
made, shall
shall consist
consist of the exists, the
the adjacent
adjacent runway
runway must also be restricted.
restricted. When
following
following operations as a minimum requirement: stacker cranes
cranes must operate on adjacent
adjacent runways and

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

through
through the
the restricted
restricted area, a signal person shall be pro- SECTION 18-2.4:
SECTION ROPEINSPECTION,
18-2.4: ROPE INSPECTION,
vided. All stacker cranes shall come
come toto a full stop prior REPLACEMENT, AND
REPLACEMENT,
to entering the restricted
restricted area and maymay then
then proceed
proceed MAINTENANCE
through this area on a signal
signal from the signal person.
18-2.4.1 Rope
18-2.4.1 RopeInspection
Inspection
(b)
(b) Provisions shall be
Provisions shall be made
made for
for trained
trained personnel to
work on energized
energized equipment when adjustments and (a) Frequent
Frequent Inspection
tests are required. (1)
(1) All ropes should be visually inspected inspected by the
(c)
(c) After
After adjustments
adjustments andand repairs have been made, operator or other designated person at the start of each
the stacker crane shall not be restored to service until all shift.
shift. These
These visual observations
observations should be be concerned
concerned
guards
guards have been reinstalled, safety devices reactivated, with discovering gross damage, such as the following, following,
and maintenance
maintenance equipment removed. which may be a hazard:
(a) distortion of the rope such as kinking, crush-
(a)
ing, unstranding,
unstranding, birdcaging, main strand displacement,
18-2.3.3 Adjustments
18-2.3.3 Adjustments and
and Repairs
Repairs
or core protrusion
(a) Any
Any hazardous
hazardousconditions
conditionsdisclosed
disclosed by
by the inspec- (b) general corrosion
(b)
tion requirements
requirements of of Section
Section 18-2.1 shall be corrected
18-2.1 shall corrected (c) broken or cut strands
(c)
before normal operation
operation of the stacker crane is resumed.
resumed. (d) number, distribution, and
(d) and type
type of
of visible bro-
Adjustments and repairs shall be done only by a desig- ken wires
wires [see paras.
paras. 18-2.4.2(b)(1) through (3)
18-2.4.2(b)(1) through (3) for
forfurther
further
nated person. guidance]
(b) Adjustments shall be maintained
maintained to ensure correct (2) When
When such
such damage
damage is is discovered, the rope shall
functioning
functioning of components.
components. The following are examples: either be removed from service or given an inspection
(1)
(1) all functional operating mechanisms as detailed
detailed ininpara.
para.18-2.4.1(b).
18-2.4.1(b).
(2)
(2) limit devices (b) Periodic
Periodic Inspection
(3)
(3) control systems (1)
(1) The inspection frequency shall be determined
frequency shall
by a qualified person and shall be based on such factors
(4)
(4) brakes
as expected rope life, as as determined
determined by experience on the
(c) Repairs or replacements shall be be made
made as needed. particular installation
particular installation oror similar
similar installations,
installations, severity
severity of
The following are examples: environment, percentage of capacity lifts, frequency
(1)
(1) all critical
critical parts that are
are cracked,
cracked, broken, bent, rates of operation, and exposure to shock loads. Inspec-
or excessively worn. tions need not be at equal calendar intervals and and should
(2)
(2) pitted or burned
burned electrical
electrical contacts
contacts should be be more frequent as the rope approaches the end of its
corrected only by replacement
corrected only replacement and in in sets.
sets. Controller
Controller useful life.
parts should be be lubricated
lubricated as as recommended
recommended by the (2)
(2) Periodic inspections shall
Periodic inspections shall be
be performed
performed by by a
manufacturer. designated person.
designated person. This
This inspection
inspection shall cover the entire
(3)
(3) function labels on pendant control stations shall length of rope. TheThe individual
individual outer
outer wires inin the
the strands
strands
be kept legible.
legible. of
of the rope shall be visible
visible toto this person during the
(d) If repairs of load sustaining
sustaining members are made inspection.
inspection. AnyAny deterioration resulting in appreciable
appreciable
by welding,
welding, identification
identification ofof materials
materials shall
shall be made loss of original strength, such as the following, shall be
and appropriate
appropriate welding
welding procedure
procedure shall
shall be
be followed.
followed. noted and determination
determination shall be made as to whether
further use of the rope would constitute a hazard:
(a) points listed
(a) listed in
in para.
para.18-2.4.1(a)
18-2.4.1(a)
18-2.3.4 Lubrication
18-2.3.4 Lubrication
(b) reduction
(b) reduction of of rope diameter
diameter below
below nominal
nominal
(a)
(a) All moving
moving parts of the stacker crane, for which diameter due
diameter due to
to loss of core
core support,
support, internal or external
lubrication is specified,
specified, should be regularly lubricated. corrosion, or
corrosion, or wear of outside wires
Lubricating systems should be checked for delivery of (c) severely corroded or broken wires at end
(c)
lubricant. Care should be taken
taken to
to follow
followmanufacturer’s
manufacturer's connections
recommendations as to points and and frequency of lubrica- (d) severely corroded, cracked, bent, worn, or
(d)
tion, maintenance of lubricant levels, and types of lubri- improperly applied end connections
connections
cant to be used. (3)
(3) Special care should
Special care should be be taken when inspecting
inspecting
(b)
(b) Machinery shall be stationary
stationary while lubricants are sections ofof rapid deterioration such as the the following:
following:
being
being applied,
applied, and protection
protection provided as called
called for
for (a) sections in contact with saddles, equalizer
(a)
in paras.
paras. 18-2.3.2(a)(1) through (4)
18-2.3.2(a)(1) through (4) unless
unless equipped
equipped for sheaves, or other sheaves where rope travel is limited
automatic or remote lubrication. (b) sections
(b) sections of of the
the rope
rope at or near terminal ends
(c)
(c) Lubricants should be
Lubricants should be kept
kept away
away from
from any grab
grab where corroded or broken wires may protrude
surfaces on the
the vertical
vertical anti-free-fall
anti-free-fall devices. (c) sections subject
(c) subject to reverse
reverse bends

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

(d) sections of rope

rope that
that are
are normally
normally hidden
hidden dur-
dur- (c) Broken
(c) Broken wire
wire removal
removal criteria
criteria cited
cited in this volume
ing visual inspection, such as parts passing over sheaves apply
apply to wire rope operating
operating on steel sheaves
sheaves and
and drums.
drums.
(c) In order to establish data as a basis of judging the The
The user shall contact
contact a qualified
qualified person, the sheave,
sheave,
proper time for
for replacement,
replacement, a continuing
continuing inspection
inspection drum, or crane
crane manufacturer
manufacturer for
for broken
broken wire
wire removal
removal
record should be maintained. This record should cover cover wire ropes
criteria for wire ropes operating
operating on sheaves
sheaves and
and drums
drums
points of deterioration
deterioration listed
listed in
inpara.
para.18-2.4.1.
18-2.4.1. made of material other than steel.
18-2.4.2 Rope
18-2.4.2 RopeReplacement
Replacement (d) Attention
(d) Attention shall be given to end connections. Upon
(a) No
No precise
precise rules can be given for determination
determination of development
development of of two
two broken
broken wires adjacent to a socketed
the exact time for rope replacement since many variable end connection, the rope should be be resocketed
resocketed or
factors are involved.
factors are Once a rope reaches
involved. Once reaches aa specified
specified replaced. Resocketing shall not
Resocketing shall not be
be attempted if the
may be
removal criteria, it may be allowed
allowed toto operate
operate to the end resulting rope length will be insufficient for proper
of the work shift, based on the judgment of a qualified operation.
person. The rope shall be replaced after that work shift, (e) Replacement
(e) Replacement roperope and
and connections shall have
connections shall have a
at the end
end of the day, or,
or, at
at the
the latest,
latest, prior
prior to the equip- strength rating at least as great as the original rope and
ment's
ment’s use by the next work shift. connections
connections furnished by the crane manufacturer. Any
(b) Removal criteria for
Removal criteria for rope replacement shall be as deviation from the original size, grade, or construction
follows: shall
shall be specified by a rope
specified by rope manufacturer,
manufacturer, the crane
crane
(1)
(1) in running ropes, twelve randomly distributed manufacturer, or a qualified person.
broken wires in
broken wires in one
one lay
lay or four
four broken
broken wires
wires in one
one
strand in one lay
(2)
(2) in rotation resistant ropes,
ropes, two randomly dis-
18-2.4.3 Rope
18-2.4.3 RopeMaintenance
Maintenance
tributed
tributed broken wires in six rope diameters or four ran-
domly distributed
distributed broken wires in thirty rope diameters (a) Rope
(a) Rope should be stored to prevent damage or
(3)
(3) one outer wire, broken at the contact point with deterioration.
the core ofof the
the rope
rope that has worked its way out of the
rope structure and protrudes
protrudes or or loops out from the rope
(b) Unreeling or uncoiling of rope shall be
(b) be done
done with
structure
care to avoid kinking
kinking or inducing a twist.
(4)
(4) wear of one-third the original diameter of out- (c) Before
(c) Before cutting
cutting aa rope,
rope, means
means shall
shall be
be used
used to pre-
side individual wires vent unlaying of the strands.
(5)
(5) kinking, crushing, birdcaging, or any other (d) During installation,
(d) care should
installation, care should be be observed
observed to
damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure avoid dragging the rope in dirt or
avoid dragging or around
around objects
objects that
(6)
(6) evidence of of heat damage from any cause will scrape, nick,
nick, crush,
crush, or
or induce
induce sharp bends.
(7)
(7) reductions from nominal diameter greater than (e) Rope
(e) Rope should be maintained
maintained in in aa well-lubricated
well-lubricated
those shown below condition. Lubricant applied
condition. Lubricant applied asas part of a maintenance
maintenance
Maximum Allowable program
program shall be compatible with the original lubricant.
Reduction From
Rope Diameter, Nominal Diameter,
Lubricant applied shall
Lubricant applied shall be
be ofof the
the type
type that does not
in. (mm) in. (mm) hinder visual
visual inspection.
inspection. Those sections of
Those sections of rope
rope that
are located
located over sheaves
sheaves or otherwise hidden during
otherwise hidden
Up to 55/⁄16
16 (8)
1
1/⁄64
64 (0.4) inspection and maintenance
maintenance procedures require special
Over 55/⁄16 1
16 to ⁄2 (8 to 13)
1
1/⁄32
32 (0.8)
1
Over 1/2⁄2 to 33/4⁄4 (13 to 19) 1
1/⁄64
64 (1.2) attention when lubricating rope. The The purpose of rope
Over 33/4⁄4 to 11
11/⁄88 (19 to 29) 1
1/⁄16 (1.6)
16
lubrication is to reduce internal friction
friction and to prevent
11/⁄88 to 11
Over 11 11/2⁄2 (29 to 38) 1
1/⁄32
32 (2.4) corrosion.

21
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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

Chapter
Chapter 18-3
18-3
Operation

SECTION 18-3.1:
SECTION QUALIFICATIONS FOR
18-3.1: QUALIFICATIONS FOR AND
AND interfere with the operator’s
operator's performance,
performance, may be cause
CONDUCT OF OPERATORS
CONDUCT for disqualification.
disqualification. In such
such cases, specialized clinical or
medical judgments
judgments and tests may be required.
18-3.1.1Operators
18-3.1.1 OperatorsofofCab-Operated
Cab-Operated and
and Pulpit-
Pulpit-
(d) Evidence that an operator
operator is subject to seizures or
Operated Stacker Cranes
loss of physical control shall be reason for disqualifica-
(a)
(a) Stacker cranes shall
Stacker cranes shall be
be operated only by the fol- tion. Specialized medical tests
tests may
may be
be required
required to deter-
deter-
lowing qualified personnel: mine these conditions.
(1)
(1) designated persons
(2)
(2) trainees under
under the
the direct supervision
supervision of a desig- 18-3.1.3Operators
18-3.1.3 OperatorsofofFloor-Operated
Floor-Operated Stacker
Stacker Cranes
Cranes
nated person Stacker cranes shall be operated
operated only by the following
(3)
(3) maintenance and test personnel, when when it is nec- qualified personnel:
essary in the performance of of their duties (a)
(a) designated persons
(4)
(4) inspectors (stacker cranes) (b) trainees under the direct
direct supervision of a desig-
(b) No one, other than personnel
personnel specified
specified in para. nated person
18-3.1.1(a), shallenter
18-3.1.1(a), shall enteraastacker
stackercrane
craneoror pulpit
pulpit with the (c) maintenance and test personnel, when
when itit is
is neces-
exception
exception of of persons
persons such
such as oilers
oilers and
and supervisors,
supervisors, sary in the performance of their duties
whose duties require
whose duties require them
them toto do
do so,
so, and then only in
the performance of their
their duties
duties and with the knowledge 18-3.1.4Qualifications
18-3.1.4 Qualificationsfor
forOperators
Operators of
of Floor-
Floor-
of the operator or other appointed person. Operated Stacker Cranes
Cranes
Personnel shall be
Personnel shall be required
required by
by the employer
employer to pass
18-3.1.2Qualifications
18-3.1.2 Qualificationsfor
forOperators
Operators of
of Cab-
Cab- a practical
practical operating
operating examination.
examination. Qualification
Qualification shall
Pulpit-Operated Stacker
Operated and Pulpit-Operated
be limited to the specific
specific type of equipment for which
Cranes examined.
(a)
(a) Operators shall be
Operators shall be required
required by the employer
employer to
pass a written or oral oral examination,
examination, and a practical 18-3.1.5Operators
18-3.1.5 OperatorsofofRemote-Operated
Remote-Operated Stacker
Stacker
operating
operating examination
examination unless
unless able to furnish satisfactory Cranes
evidence of qualifications and experience. Qualification Stacker cranes shall be operated
operated only by the following
shall be limited to the the specific
specific type of of equipment
equipment for personnel:
which examined. (a)
(a) designated persons
(b) Operators
Operators and operator trainees
trainees shall
shall meet
meet the (b)
(b) trainees under the direct
direct supervision of a desig-
following physical qualifications: nated person
(1)
(1) have vision of at least 20/30 Snellen in one eye, (c)
(c) maintenance and test personnel, when
when itit is
is neces-
and
and 20/50
20/50 in
in the
the other, with or without
without corrective lenses sary in the performance of their duties
(2)
(2) be able to distinguish colors regardless of posi- (d)
(d) inspectors (stacker cranes)
tion of colors, if color differentiation is required for
operation 18-3.1.6Qualifications
18-3.1.6 Qualificationsfor
for Operators
Operators of
of Remote-
Remote-
(3)
(3) hearing, with or without hearing aid, must be
hearing, with Cranes
Operated Stacker Cranes
adequate for a specific
specific operation The use of remote control equipment involves such a
(4)
(4) have sufficient strength, endurance, agility, agility, wide variety of service
service requirements
requirements and
and conditions
conditions that
coordination,
coordination, andand speed
speed of reaction to meet
meet the
the demands
demands each installation should be carefully
carefully analyzed
analyzed and
and oper-
of equipment operation ation reviewed
reviewed atat least
least monthly for the
monthly for the first 6 mo ofof
(5)
(5) operators and operator trainees should have operation
operationto
to determine
determinewhether
whetherpara.
para.18-3.1.2
18-3.1.2or
or18-3.1.4
18-3.1.4
normal depth
depth perception,
perception, field
field of
of vision, reaction time, should apply.
manual dexterity, coordination, and
dexterity, coordination, and no tendencies
tendencies to
dizziness or similar undesirable characteristics
characteristics 18-3.1.7 Conduct
18-3.1.7 Conduct of
of Operators
Operators
(c) Evidence of physical
physical defects
defects or
or emotional
emotional instabil- (a)
(a) The operator shall not engage in any practice that
ity that could render the operator a hazard to the opera- will divert attention while actually engaged
engaged in
in operating
operating
tor or others,
others, or inin the
the opinion
opinion of of the
the examiner
examiner could
could the stacker crane.

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

(b)
(b) When physically
physically or or otherwise
otherwise unfit,
unfit, an operator SECTION 18-3.2:
SECTION HANDLINGTHE
18-3.2: HANDLING THE LOAD
LOAD
shall not engage in the operation of the stacker stacker crane.
18-3.2.1 Load
18-3.2.1 Load Weight
Weight
(c)
(c) Each operator shall be responsible for those those opera-
opera-
tions under
under the operator's
operator’sdirect
direct control. Whenever there The crane shall
The crane shall not
not be
be loaded
loaded beyond
beyond its
its rated load
is doubt as to safety, the operator shall consult with the
safety, the except for test purposes asas provided
provided in
inpara.
para.18-2.2.2.
18-2.2.2.
supervisor before handling the loads.
(d)
(d) If a warning device is furnished, it shall be acti- 18-3.2.2 Moving
18-3.2.2 Moving the
the Load
Load
vated each time before traveling,traveling, and intermittently (a) The operator shall determine that
(a)
when approaching workpersons. (1)
(1) the load is supported on on the
the lifting
lifting device
device on
(e) Before leaving
(e) Before leaving aa cab-operated
cab-operated stacker
stacker crane
crane unat- the carriage
tended,
tended, thethe operator
operator shall
shall land
land the
the load, place controllers (2)
(2) the load is balanced
balanced (centered) and positioned
in the off
off position, and open the the main
main line
line disconnect
disconnect on the lifting
lifting device on the carriage before the load is
before the
device of the specific stacker crane. lifted more than aa few few inches
inches (millimeters)
(millimeters)
(f)
(f) The operator shall not close the main line discon- (3)
(3) the rope is seated in the drum grooves grooves and in
nect device until certain that no worker worker is on or adjacent the sheaves, if there is or has has been a slack
slack rope
rope condition
condition
to the stacker crane. If If there
there is a warning sign or lock lock (b) During lifting, care care shall
shall bebe taken that
on the device, it shall not be energized until the sign or (1)
(1) there is no suddensudden acceleration
acceleration or deceleration
lock
lock isis removed
removed by by the person who placed it there, or of the moving load
by an authorized person. (2)
(2) the load does not contact contact any obstructions
(g) Before closing
(g) Before closing the
the main
main line
line disconnect
disconnect device, the (c) Stacker cranes shall
Stacker cranes shall not
not bebe used
used forfor side pushing
operator shall see to it that that all
all controllers
controllers are in thethe off
off or pulling of loads.
position. (d) The operator shall not lift, lift, lower, or travel while
(h)
(h) If power goes off off during operation, the operator anyone
anyone is is on the
the carriage
carriage outside
outside the cab, cab, except
except as
shall immediately
immediately place
place allall controllers in the off position.
position. is necessary for maintenance, inspection, inspection, or inventory
Prior to reuse of the the stacker
stacker crane,
crane, operating motions checks. Prior to
checks. Prior to any such use, the the following
following shall be
shall be checked for proper direction. verified:
(i)
(i) The operator shall be familiar
familiar with
with the equipment (1)
(1) the rider is secured by a fall fall protection system
and its proper
proper care.
care. If adjustments or repairs are neces- (2)
(2) a flat, slip-resistant
slip-resistant surface
surface upon
upon which to stand
stand
sary, or
or any
any defects
defects are
are known,
known, the the operator
operator shall report shall be provided either on the carriage or on a portable
the same promptly to the appointed person who shall platform/surface attached to the the carriage
carriage
be responsible for thetheoperation
operation and and maintenance
maintenance repairs
repairs (3)
(3) travel is in the jog control mode
of the stacker crane. The operator shall also notify the (4)
(4) the controls
controls shall shall be
be operated by a designated
next operator of any remaining uncorrecteduncorrected deficiencies operator
upon changing shifts. (5)
(5) the operator and and rider
rider are
are able
able to communicate
(j)
(j) Contacts with runway
runway stops or other stacker cranes (6)
(6) a means of emergency stop shall be available to
shall be made with caution.caution. The operator shall do so
operator shall the person on the carriagecarriage
with
with care for the safety of persons
persons on or below
below thethe stacker
stacker (7)
(7) hand hold(s)
hold(s) shall be available to the person(s)
crane, and only after making certain that any persons on on the carriage
the other stacker cranes are aware of what is being done. done. (e) The
The operator should avoid carrying loads over
(k)
(k) Operators of outdoor stacker stacker cranes
cranes shall secure
secure people.
them when leaving.
leaving. (f) The
The operator
operator shallshall check
check the hoist brake(s) at least
(1) When
(l) When the wind-indicating alarm is given, the once each shift
once each shift ifif aa load
load approaching
approaching the the rated load is
bridge or gantry on outside outside stacker
stacker cranes
cranes shall be to be handled. This shall be done by lifting the load a
anchored. short distance and applying applying the
the brake(s).
brake(s).
(m) Before the
(m) Before the operator
operator performs any maintenance
maintenance (g) The
The load shall
shall not be be lowered
lowered below below the point
point
work on the stacker
stacker crane, the operator shall shall lock, tag, where two wrapswraps of of rope
rope remain
remain on on each
each anchorage
anchorage of
or flag the main
main switch
switch (see(see para.
para. 18-2.3.2)
18-2.3.2) inin the
the de- the hoisting drum unless unless a lower
lower limit
limit device is pro-
energized position. vided, in which case no less than than one wrap wrap shall remain.
(n)
(n) All controls
controls shall
shall bebe tested
tested by the operator before
beginning
beginning aa new shift. If any controls controls do not operate 18-3.2.3Hoist
18-3.2.3 HoistLimit
LimitDevices
Devices (Switches)
(Switches)
properly, they
properly, they should
should be be adjusted or or repaired
repaired before
before (a) Prior
(a) Prior to the initial
initial use of any hoist
hoist during
during each
each
operations are begun. shift, the operator shall verify operation of of the primary
(o)
(o) Persons boarding or leaving overhead stacker upper
upper limit
limit device of that
that hoist
hoist under
under no load
load conditions.
conditions.
cranes should
cranes should do so only at authorized
authorized locations
locations and Care shall be exercised; thethe carriage shall be inched into
designated boarding entrances. the limit or run in at slow
slow speed. If the device does not

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 ASME B30.18-2011
ASME B30.18-2011

operate properly, the operator shall immediately notify 18-3.3.3 Fire

18-3.3.3 FireExtinguishers
Extinguishers
the appointed person. Operators shall be familiar with the location, opera-
(b) The hoist limit device that
that controls the
the upper
upper limit tion, and care
care of
of fire
fire extinguishers
extinguishers provided. (Refer
(Refer to
of travel of
of the
the carriage
carriage shall
shall not
not be
be used
used as
as an
an operating
operating para. 18-1.5.4.)
para. 18-1.5.4.)
control in normal
normal operation
operation unless additional means are
provided to prevent damage
damage fromfrom overtravel.
overtravel. 18-3.3.4Crane
18-3.3.4 CraneLockout/Tagout
Lockout/Tagout
(a)
(a) A lockout/tagout policy
policy and procedure
procedure shall be
SECTION 18-3.3:
SECTION MISCELLANEOUS
18-3.3: MISCELLANEOUS documented, and implemented by the
developed, documented,
owner or user of of stacker
stacker cranes.
18-3.3.1 Ladders
18-3.3.1 Ladders (b)
(b) The lockout/tagout policy
The lockout/tagout policy and procedure
procedure shall
(a)
(a) Hands
Hands shall
shall be free from encumbrances
encumbrances while per- comply with thethe requirements
requirementsofofANSI
ANSI Z244.1.
Z244.1.
sonnel are using ladders. (c)
(c) The policy shall give consideration to the follow-
(b)
(b) Articles that are too large to be carried in pockets ing areas:
or tool belts shall be lifted
lifted and lowered by hand line. (1)
(1) single-crane runways
(2)
(2) multiple-crane runways
Cabs
18-3.3.2 Cabs (3)
(3) cranes on an adjacent runway
(a)
(a) Clothing and personal belongings shall be stored (4)
(4) runway disconnecting means
in such a manner as to not not interfere
interfere with
with access
access or (5)
(5) crane disconnecting means
operation. (6)
(6) work to be done on a crane
(b)
(b) Tools, oil cans,
Tools, oil cans, rags,
rags, and
and other articles
articles shall not (7)
(7) work
work to be done other than on a crane
crane but
but within
within
be permitted to lie loose in or about the cab. the path
path of a crane where its movement creates a hazard
hazard

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 ASME B30.18-2011
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ISBN 978-0-7918-3346-9

9 780791 83 34 69

111 11111
J11311
J11311
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