Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

MODEL DRAWING METHOD

ADVANCED LEVEL

Mục tiêu: Học sinh học xong phân biệt và làm được 4 dạng Constant Part
(1 đại lượng không đổi) ; Constant total (tổng không đổi) ; Constant
difference (hiệu không đổi); Everything changed (tất cả đều thay đổi)

1. Constant part concept/Một đại lượng không đổi

Constant part means one of the parts remained the same while the other
part changed.

In this case, you will need to make the part which remained the same to be
equal to each other.

Question 1

Ali and Billy have money in the ratio of 5 : 6. After Billy spent $16, the
ratio became 3 : 2. How much money does Billy have in the end?

Important Thought:

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

Step 1 : Ali’s money is unchanged, so make the ratio of Billy to Ali before
and after.

Before: Billy/Ali = 6/5

After: Billy/Ali = 2/3

Step 2: Make the ratio of Ali the same. (tìm mẫu số chung nhỏ nhất)

Before: Billy/Ali = 6/5 = 18/15

After: Billy/Ali = 2/3 = 10/15

Step 3: Draw a model of Billy before and after to Ali and find a difference
between Billy’s starting amound and ending amount.

Step 4: Find the value of 1 part and answer the question.

The value of 1 part: 16 : 8 = $2

The money of Billy at the end: 10 x 2 = $20

Answer: $20

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

3
Question 2. At the beginning Hung's apples were of Phong's apples. Hung
4
5
gave 6 apples for his grandmother, so Hung's current apples are of Phong's
8
Apples. Find the number of apples of Hung and Phong at first?

2. Constant Total Concept/Tổng không đổi

Constant Total means the total remained the same. Usually, this concept
applies for question related to “Internal Transfer”.

If A transfer an amount to B, A will decrease while B will increase by the

same amount. So the total will stay the same.

Question 1. Ali and Billy have money in the ratio of 5 : 4. After Ali gave Billy
$20, they have an equal amount of money. How much money does Billy have
in
the end?

Important Thought:

Step 1 : The total is unchanged, so make the ratio of Ali or Billy to total
money of them.

Before: Ali/total = 5/9

After: Ali/total = ½

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

Step 2: Make the ratio of total the same (tìm mẫu số chung nhỏ nhất)

Before: Ali/total = 5/9 = 10/18

After: Ali/total = ½ = 9/18

Step 3: Draw a model of Ali before and after to total amount of money.

Step 4: Find the difference between Ali’s starting money to Ali’s ending money
and find value of 1 unit and answer the question.

The value of 1 part = $20.

The money of Ali at the end: 9 x 20 = $180

The money of Ali and Billy is the same at the end, so the money of Billy at the
end is also $180

Answer: $180
2
Question 2. Tam's apples were of Minh's apples. Tam gave Minh 3 apples,
3
1
so Tam's current number of apples is of Minh's Apples. Find the number of
3
apples of each person at first?

Question 3. The amount of water in tank A was twice the amount of water in
tank B at first. After 28 liters of water was poured from tank A to tank B, the
1
amount of water in tank A was that in tank B. How many liters of water were
4
there in each tank at first?

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

Question 4:There were two containers of beads. The ratio of the number
beads in the first Container to that in the second Container was 7 : 11 at
first. When 12 beads were transferred to the second container, the ratio
became 1 : 2. How many beads were in the first container at first?

3. Constant Difference Concept/Hiệu không đổi

Constant Difference means the difference remained the same. Usually, this
concept applies for question related to “Age”.

As years go by, the age difference between 2 people will always be the
same, because both will grow old together.

Question 1: The ages of Ali and Billy are in the ratio of 4 : 7. In 3 years’ time,
their ages will be in the ratio of 3 : 5. How old is Billy now?

Important Thought:

Step 1: Their age difference remain the same, so find the ratio of Ali or
Billy to the difference:

Before: Ali’s age/age difference = 4/(7-4) = 4/3

After: Ali’s age/age difference = 3/(5-3) = 3/2

Step 2: make the ratio of the age difference the same. (tìm mẫu chung
nhỏ nhất)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

Before: Ali’s age/age difference = 4/3 = 8/6

After: Ali’s age/age difference = 3/2 = 9/6

Step 3: Draw model of Ali or billy before and after to the age difference:

Step 4: Find the difference part and find the value of 1 part then answer
the question.
The value of 1 part is 3 years old.
The age of Ali now: 8 x 3 = 24 (years old)
The ratio of Billy to Ali now is: 7/4
The age of Billy now: 7/4 x 24 = 42 (years old)
Answer: 42 (years old)

Question 2. The ratio of the father’s age to the son’s age is 5 : 1. The ratio
becomes 2 : 1 fifteen years later. How old is each of them now?

𝟏
Question 3. The present age of the son is the difference between the ages
𝟐
𝟏
of the father and the son. Four years ago, the son's age was the difference
𝟑
𝟏
between the ages of the father and the son. When the son's age is the
𝟒
difference between the father's age and the son's age, what is the father's age?

Question 4. Aaron had 6 times as much money as Ben at first. When their
mother gave them $300 each, Aaron had 3 times as much money as Ben in
the end. How much money did Aaron have at first?

Question 5. The ratio of the price of Product A to that of Product B was 8 : 5

at first. When the price of each product was increased by $70, the ratio of the
price became 5 : 4. Find the original price of each product.

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

Question 6. Currently, the older brother age is 1.5 times of his younger brother
and his mother's age is twice the sum of the ages of the two brothers. After 5
years, the mother's age is 1.5 times the sum of the ages of the two brothers.
Calculate the age of younger brother?

4. Everything changed Concept/tất cả đều thay đổi

As the name says, everything changed! Every part changed, the difference
changed, the total changed… Nothing remained the same.

Question 1: The ratio of Ali’s money to Billy’s money was 2 : 1. After Ali saved
another $60 and Billy spent $150, the ratio became 4 : 1. How much money
did Ali have at first?

Step 1: make the ratio the same between Ali’s money and 2 times Billy’s
money at the beginning.

The ratio of Ali’s money to 2 time Billy’s money was 2:2 = 1:1

Step 2: Draw the model of Ali’s money and 2 times Billy’s money at the
end:

The ratio of Ali’s money to Billy’s at the end is: 4:1, so the ratio of Ali’s money
to 2 times Billy’s at the end is: 4:2 = 2:1

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

Step 3: Find the value of one part and find the answer of the question.

The value of one part at the end: 300 + 60 = $360

The Ali’s money at first is: 360 + 300 = $660

Answer: $660

Question 2. David is 10 years old. His father is 39 years old and his mother is
37 years old. When will the sum of his parents’s ages be 6 times David’s?

Hint:

So the age of David at that time is 14 years old, so after 4 years, the sum of his
parents’s ages be 6 times David’s.

Answer: After 4 years old.

PRACTICE 2:
Question 1: Mai went to super market with some money for shopping. She
1 1 3
spent money to buy books, money to buy shirts, money to buy movie
10 5 5
tickets. The amount of money she has left is 25 000 dong. How much money
did she had at first?

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

Question 2: Ngân played a game in 3 turns. Each turn she lost 1/4 her
remaining money, then she was left with 270 000 dong. How much money she
lost in total?

Solution

We have diagrams:

The value of each part at turn 3: 270 000 : 3 = 90 000 (dong)

The money Ngân had at the beginning of turn 3: 90 000 x 4 = 360 000 (dong)

The value of each part at turn 2: 360 000 : 3 = 120 000 (dong)

The money Ngân had at the beginning of turn 2: 120 000 x 4 = 480 000 (dong)

The value of each part at turn 1: 480 000 : 3 = 160 000 (dong)

The money Ngân had at the beginning of turn 1: 160 000 x 4 = 640 0000 (dong)

So, the money she lost in total: 640 000 – 270 000 = 370 000 (dong)

( or = 160 000 + 120000+ 90000 = 370 000 dong)

Answer: 370 000 (dong)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

Question 3: Lan’s mother gave her some money to go to market in 3 days.

1
Each day she bought of her money compared to previous days. She has left
2
with 20000 dong. How much money did she buy foods in 3 days?

Question 4: Ngân reads a book in 3 days. On the first day Ngân read 1/3 the
number of pages of the book. On the second day Ngân read 1/3 of the
remaining pages. On the third day, Ngân read 80 pages and finished the book.
How many pages does the book Ngân read?

Solution

The value of each part on day 2: 80 : 2 = 40 (pages)

The pages she read on day 2: 40 x 3 = 120 (pages)

The value of each part on day 1: 120 : 2 = 60 (pages)

The total pages of the book: 60 x 3 = 180 (pages)

Answer: 180 (pages)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

Question 5: A bus leaved the depot with 1/2 seats were empty. The bus keep
going and go to the next station, 8 people get in and no one left, then just only
1/3 seats were empty. How many seats does the bus have in total?

Solution

We have diagram. (lưu ý đây là bài toán một phần của một tổng, chúng ta
chia sơ đồ thành 6 phần, vì 6 là mẫu số chung của 2 và 3)

The value of each part: 8 (seats)

The total seats the bus have in total: 8 x 6 = 48 (seats)

Answer: 48 (seats)

Question 6: A watermelon weighted 3 kg, contains 92% water. After leaving

it in the sun, the water contains in a watermelon is only 90% left. At that time,
how many kilograms did the watermelon weigh?

Solution

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

The weight of melon before and after leaving it in the sun: (100% - 92%) x 3 =
0,24 (kg)

0,24kg : 10%

? kg : 100%

We have the weight of watermelon after leaving it in the sun: 0,24 x 100 : 10 =
2, 4 (kg)

Ans: 2,4 (kg)

Question 7: Seawater contains 4% salt, how many grams of water need to be

added to 500g of seawater to make the salt ratio in the solution (dung dịch) 2%?

Solution

The weight of salt before and after: 4% x 500 = 20 (g)

In solution 2%, we have:

2% salt : 20 g

100% solution = 20 x 100% : 2% = 1000 (g)

So, the water added was: 1000 – 500 = 500 (g)

Answer: the water added was 500 (g)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

Question 8: A fruiterer had 200 mangoes and apples at first. 20% of the
mangoes were sold in the morning. The fruiteter then stocked up 28 another
apples. The total number of mangos and apples become 204. How many
apples and mangoes were there at first?

Solution

We have diagram:

The total fruites at the end is more than the total fruits at first: 204 – 200 = 4
(fruits)

The number of 20% mangoes sold: 28 – 4 = 24 (mangoes)

We have: 20% mangoes : 24 mangoes

100% mangoes: ? mangoes

The mangoes at first is: 24 : 100% : 20% = 120 (mangoes)

The apples at first is: 200 – 120 = 80 (apples)

Answer: mangoes at first 120 (mangoes), apples at first 80 (apples)

3
Question 9: Tam's Apples were of Minh's Apples at first. Tam ate 2 apples,
4
1
so Tam's current Apples are of Minh's Apples. Find the number of Apples of
2
Tam and Minh at first?
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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

Solution

(Đây là bài toán 1 đại lượng thay đổi)

We have the ratio of Tam’s apple to Minh’s apple:

At first: Tam’s apple/Minh’s apple = 3/4

At the end: Tam’s apple/Minh’s apple = 1/2 = 2/4

So, we have the diagram:

The value of each part is 2 (appples)

The apples of Tâm at first: 2 x 3 = 6 (apples)

The apples of Minh at first: 2 x 4 = 8 (apples)

Answer: Tâm 6 (apples) ; Minh 8 (apples)

2
Question 10: Tam's apples were of Minh's apples. Tam gave Minh 3 apples,
3
1
so Tam's current number of apples is of Minh's Apples. Find the number of
3
apples of each person at first?

Solution

(Lưu ý: chúng ta xác định đại lượng không đổi trong bài toán để làm chuẩn so
sánh. Trong bài toán này tổng số Táo trước và sau không thay đổi nên chúng
ta dùng tổng số Táo để làm chuẩn so sánh. Tâm lúc trước = 2/5 tổng số táo,
Tâm lúc sau = 1/4 tổng số táo nên ta lấy 20 phần là mẫu số chung của 4 và 5
làm tổng số phần bằng nhau của tổng số táo)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

We have diagram:

2
The ratio between Tâm’s apples and total apples at first:
5
2
The number of equal parts of Tâm’s apples at first: x 20 = 8 (parts)
5
1
The ratio between Tâm’s apple and total apples at the end:
4
1
The number of equal parts of Tâm’s apples at the end: x 20 = 5 (parts)
4

The difference of equal parts: 8 – 5 = 3 (parts)

The value of one part: 3 : 3 = 1 (apples)

Tâm’s apples at first: 8 x 1 = 8 (apples)

Minh’s apples at first: (20 – 8) x 1 = 12 (apples)

Answer: Tâm 8 apples at first, Minh 12 apples at first.

Question 11: At the beginning, the number of apples An, Binh and Chi are the
same. An ate 17 apples, Binh ate 19 apples, now Chi’s apples are 5 times
higher than the total remaining apples of An and Binh. How many apples did
Chi have at the beginning?

Solution:

We have diagram: (lưu ý: tỉ lệ táo của Chi so với An và Bình lúc sau là 5 :
1 nên ta vẽ 5 phần của Chi lúc sau trước, rồi vẽ dần các phần còn lại.)
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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

The value of 1 part: 36 : 9 = 4 (apples)

The Chi’s apples at first: 4 x 5 = 20 (apples)

Answer: 20 (apples)

Question 12: At the beginning, Lan, Hân and Nhi have the same number of
oranges. Lan gave 14 oranges for Nhi and Hân also gave 16 oranges for Nhi,
now Nhi’s oranges are 8 times higher than the total remaining oranges of Lan
and Hân. How many oranges did Nhi have at first?

Solution

We have diagram:

The value of one part: 30 : 5 = 6 (oranges)

The number of oranges of Nhi at first: 3 x 6 = 18 (oranges)

Answer: 18 (oranges)
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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

3
Question 13: The amount of water in tank A was the amount of water in tank
4
B at first. After 25 liters of water was poured from tank A to tank B, the amount
5
of water in tank A was that in tank B. How many liters of water were there in
9
each tank at first?

Solution

(Tổng số lít nước ở cả 2 bể đều không đổi trước và sau nên ta vẽ tổng số phần
của tổng số lít nước 2 bể trước).

We have diagram:

Tank A = 3/4 tank B at first, so tank A = 3/7 = 6/14 total both tank at first.

Tank B = 5/9 tank B at the end, so tank A = 5/14 total both tank at the end.

The value of one part: 25 (litres)

The litres of tank A at first: 25 x 6 = 150 (litres)

The total litres of both tank: 25 x 14 = 350 (litres)

The litres of tank B at first: 350 – 150 = 200 (litres)

Answer: Tank A 150 (litres) ; Tank B 200 (litres)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

PRACTICE 3: WORK BACKWARD

1
Question 1: Mother gave Vy some apples at first. Vy gave to her sister, then
2
she is leff with 5 apples. Find the many apples did her mother give to her at first?

Solution

We have diagram:

The value of 1 part: 5 (apples)

The apples Vy’s mother gave to her at first: 2 x 5 = 10 (apples)

Answer: 10 (apples)

Question 2: Quân’s mother went to local market and bought some apples for
1
Quân. Quân gave to his sister and 2 apples to his grandparent, then he is left
3
with 6 apples. How many apples Quân’s mother bought for him at first?

Solution

We have diagram:

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

The value of each part: 8 : 2 = 4 (apples)

The apples which Quân’s mother bought for him at first:

4 x 3 = 12 (apples)

Answer: 12 (apples)

Question 3: Lan’s mother gave to Lan some oranges at first. In the morning,
1 1
Lan ate and 3 oranges. In the afternoon, Lan ate remaining oranges and 2
4 3
oranges, then she is left with 4 oranges. Find the oranges which Lan’s mother
gave to her at first?

Solution

We have diagram:

The value of each part in the afternoon: (2 + 4) : 2 = 3 (oranges)

The oranges of Lan at the beginning of afternoon: 3 x 3 = 9 (oranges)

The total values of 3 parts in the morning: 9 + 3 = 12 (oranges)

The value of each part: 12 : 3 = 4 (oranges)

The oranges Lan’s mother gave to her: 4 x 4 = 16 (oranges)

Answer: 16 (oranges)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

1
Question 4: The rice store has some rice for sale. In the morning They sold
3
1
of the rice and 150kg. In the afternoon They sold of the remaining rice and
5
200kg And they were all just sold out. How many quintals (tạ) of rice did the
store sell?

Solution

We have diagram:

The value of each part in the afternoon: 200 : 4 = 50 (kg)

The rice were sold in the afternoon: 50 x 5 = 250 (kg)

The values of 2 parts in the morning: 250 + 150 = 400 (kg)

The value of each part in the morning: 400 : 2 = 200 (kg)

The total rice at first or sold in a day: 200 x 3 = 600 (kg) = 6 (quintals)

Answer: 6 (quintals)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

1
Question 5: At the apple store, in the morning they sold of the apples and
2
1
100kg. In the afternoon they sold of the remaining apples and 80kg and they
3
just only had 120kg apples left at the store. How many tons of apples did the
store sell?

Solution

We have diagram:

The value of 2 parts in the afternoon: 80 + 120 = 200 (kg)

The apples of each part in the afternoon: 200 : 2 = 100 (kg)

The apples at the beginning of the afternoon: 100 x 3 = 300 (kg)

The value of 1 part in the morning: 300 + 100 = 400 (kg)

The total apples at first: 400 x 2 = 800 (kg)

The apples sold in a day: 800 – 120 = 680 (apples) = 6.8 (tons)

Answer: 6.8 (tons)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

Question 6: The total number of eggs in red basket and white basket is 90
eggs. If 25 eggs are moved from Red basket to White basket, now the number
of eggs in White Basket is 8 times higher the number of eggs in Red Basket.
How many eggs at first of Red and White Basket?

Solution

The total number of equal part at the end: 1 + 8 = 9 (parts)

The value of each part: 90 : 9 = 10 (eggs)

The eggs of white basket at the end: 10 x 1 = 10 (eggs)

The eggs of white basket at first: 10 + 25 = 35 (eggs)

The eggs of red basket at first: 90 – 35 = 55 (eggs)

Answer: 55 (eggs)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

1
Question 7: Two food warehouses have 90 tons of rice. If we move of the
3
rice in the first warehouse to the second, the amount of rice in the second
warehouse is twice the amount of rice in the first warehouse. How many tons
of rice does the second warehouse have at the begining?

Solution

(vẽ first warehouse có 3 phần trước, cho đi một phần còn 2 phần, vẽ
second warehouse là 4 phần để tỉ lệ lúc sau là 2 : 4).

Total equal parts at the end: 2 + 4 = 6 (parts)

Value of each part: 90 : 6 = 15 (tons)

First warehouse at first = 3 x 15 = 45 (tons)

Second warehouse at first = 3 x 15 = 45 (tons)

Answer: 45 (tons)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

PRACTICE 4: OTHER MODEL DRAWING

Question 1: In the first semester, the male students in class 5A accounted for
47.5% of the students in the whole class. Second semester, the class has 4
more boys and 2 girls, so the number of male students is equal to 50% of the
class. How many students are there in the second semester of class 5A?

Solution

The class has 4 more boys and 2 girls, so male students is equal to 50% of the
class. So at first, the male students is 2 people less than females students.

We have diagram:

We have:
5% : 2 people
100%: ? people

The number of students at first semester: 100% x 2 : 5% = 40 (students)

The number of students at second semester: 40 + 4 + 2 = 46 (students)
Answer: 46 (students)

Question 2: A desktop computer was priced at 20% above its cost price. It was
the sold at 90% of its selling price. The profit made was $100. Find the cost
price of the desktop computer.

Solution

We have diagram:

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

The selling price is: 100% x (100% + 20%) = 120%

The actual price is: 120% x 90% = 108%

The difference between actual price and cost price: 108% - 100% = 8%

We have: 8% : $100 Profit

100% : 100 x 100% : 8% = $1250

Answer: $1250

Question 3: Flower prices on Tet holiday increased by 20% compared to

November. After Tet holiday, flower prices decreased by 20% compared to Tet
holiday. which month is more expensive between the price of flowers after Tet
holiday and the price of flowers in November? and how much more in
percentage (So sánh giá hoa sau Tết và giá hoa tháng 11, giá hoa nào đắt hơn
và đắt hơn bao nhiêu phần trăm?)

Solution

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

The flower price in Tet holiday: 100% x (100% + 20%) = 120%

The flower price after Tet holiday: 120% x (100% - 20%) = 96%

So, The flower price in November is more than after Tet: 100% - 96% = 4%

Answer: Flower price in November is 4% more expensive than after Tet

holiday.

Question 4: A zookeeper weighed some animals at Sarafi Zoo. He found the

ostrich lweighed 60kg more than the monkey, and the baby tiger weighed 20kg
less than the Ostrich. Altogether the three animals weighed 160 kg. How much
did the baby tiger weigh?

The value of 3 equal parts: 160 + 60 + 20 = 240 (kg)

The value of 1 part: 240 : 3 = 80 (kg)
The mass of baby tiger: 80 – 20 = 60 (kg)
Question 5: There are some similar jars. The jar weighs 1000g when full of
1
sugar. When jar is filled with sugar, the jar weighs 400g. What is the weight
3
of an empty jar?

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

Question 6: Trí, Lễ, and Nghĩa shared the same money to buy a book. Trí
1 3
contributed of the total amount, Lễ contributed less than of the amount that
3 5
both Lễ and Nghĩa contributed, which was 2000 VND (Lễ đóng góp ít hơn 2000
𝟑
VND so với tổng số tiền Lễ và Nghĩa đóng góp). Knowing that Nghĩa
𝟓
contributed 14000 dong. How much did they pay for the book?

Hint:

Accoring to the diagram:

The value of one part: (14000 – 2000) : 2 = 6000 (vnd)

The total money Le & Nghia contributed: 6000 x 5 = 30000 (vnd)

According to the diagram:

The value of one part: 30000 : 2 = 15000 (vnd)

The total money they pay for the book: 15000 x 3 = 45000 (vnd(

Answer: 45000 (vnd)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

Question 7: Mai, Kiên and Tuấn have some notebooks. If 40% of Mai’s
notebooks are divided equally between Kiên and Tuấn, the number of
notebooks of the three students is equal. But if Mai is reduced by 5
notebooks(nếu Mai bớt đi 5 cuốn tập), the number of Mai’s notebooks is equal
to the total number of Kiên and Tuấn’s notebooks. How many notebooks does
each person have?

Hint:
2
Convert: 40% =
5

According the diagram, the value of one part is 5 notebooks.

The notebooks of Mai: 5 x 5 = 25 (notebooks)
The notebooks of Kiên & Tuân: 5 x 2 = 10 (notebooks)

Answer: Mai’s notebook: 25 notebooks ; Kiên = 10 notebooks; Tuấn = 10

notebooks.

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

PRACTICE 5
1. There are a total of 660 pasengers on two ships. 30 passengers alight from
Ship A and 70 passengers board Ship B. As a result, the number of
passengers on the two ships becomes the same. How many passengers
are there on each ship at first?

The total number of pasengers at the end: 660 – 30 + 70 = 700 (pasengers)

The value of one part: 700 : 2 = 350 (pasengers)
The number of pasengers on ship A at first: 350 + 30 = 380 (pasengers)
The number of pasengers on ship B at first: 660 – 350 = 280 (pasengers)

2. Aloysius and Benjamin have $150 altogether. Aloysius’ mother gives him
another $40 and Benjamin spends $10 on a book. Benjamin then has $10
more than Aloysius. How much money does each of them have at first?

The value of 2 equal parts: 150 + 40 − 10 × 2 = 170 ($)

The value of one part: 170 ∶ 2 = 85 ($)
The money Aloysius has at first: 85 − 40 = 45 ($)
The money Benjamin has at first: 85 + 10 + 10 = 105 ($)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

3. There are 120 books altogether on a bookshelf. The top shelf holds 11 more
books than the middle one. The bottom shelf holds 5 books fewer than the
middle one. How many books are there on each shelf?

The value of 3 equal parts: 120 − 5 × 2 − 11 = 99 (𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘𝑠)

The number of books on the bottom shelf: 99 ∶ 3 = 33 (𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘𝑠)
The number of books on the middle shelf: 33 + 5 = 38 (𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘𝑠)
The number of books on the middle shelf: 33 + 5 + 11 = 49 (𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘𝑠)

4. If a students is transferred from Class 3A to Class 3B, the two classess will
have the same number of students. If a student is transerred from Class 3B
to Class 3C, Class 3C will have two more students than Class 3B. Between
Class 3A and Class 3C, which class has more students?

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

5. Catherrine and Molly have $320 altogether. Molly and Tom have $360 in all.
Tom and Catherine have $240 altogether. How much does each of them
have?

According to the diagram:

Method 1:
The difference of money between Tom and Catherrine: 360 − 320 = 40($)

Catherrine: (240 − 40): 2 = 100 ($)

Tom: 240 − 100 = 140 ($)
Molly: 320 − 100 = 220 ($)
Method 2:
We have:
2 x (Catherine + Tom + Molly) = 320 + 240 + 360 = 920
 Catherine + Tom + Molly = 920 : 2 = 460
 Catherine = 460 – 360 = 100 ($)
Tom: 240 – 100 = 140 ($)
Molly: 320 – 100 = 220 ($)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

6. Some PE teachers bought a total of 83 balls for the school. The number of
basketballs is twice the number of footballs. The number of volleyballs is 5
less than the number of footballs. How many balls of each type did the
teachers buy?

The value 4 equal parts: 83 + 5 = 88 (𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠)

The number of footballs: 88 ∶ 4 = 22 (𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠)
The number of volleyballs: 22 − 5 = 17 (𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠)
The number of basketballs: 22 × 2 = 44 (𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠)

7. A family has four members. The father is 2 years older than the mother. The
sister is 2 years older than the brother. The sum of all their present ages is
64. Three years ago, the sum of their ages was 53. How old is each of them
now?

According to the diagram:

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

The total age decrease for 3 years: 3 × 4 = 12

The actual age decrease for 3 years: 64 − 53 = 11
The lack of 1 year old showing that the smallest person is 2 years old
now.
The brother: 2 years old.
The sister: 2 + 2 = 4 years old
Total age of father and mother: 64 – 4 – 2 = 58 years old
Mother: (58 – 2) : 2 = 28 years old.
Father: 58 – 28 = 30 years old.

8. 2010 new books are to be distributed to three libraries. Library A will receive
40 more books than Library B. Library B will receive 160 more books than
Library C. How many books will each library receive?

9. Jonathan has 55 marbles. Kelvin has 35 marbles. How many marbles must
Jonathan give Kelvin so that the number of marbles that Kelvin has is twice
that of Jonathan’s?

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

10. The sum of three numbers is 180. The value of the first number is twice
the second number. The value of the second number is thrice the third
number. Find the value of each number.

11. The teacher gave two students an equal number of exercises. After a few
days, the first person did 20 exercises, the second person did 22 exercises.
The number of exercises the teacher gave each student is 4 times more
than the number of exercises that both of students have not completed. How
many exercises that teacher give each of student?

The total parts that they have completed are 7 parts.

The value of 1 part: (20 + 22): 7 = 6 (exercises)
The number of excercises that teacher gives each student:
6 x 4 = 24 (excercises)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

12. A fruiterer has 260 apples and oranges. He sells 40 apples and buys
another 20 oranges. The number of oranges then becomes twice the
number of apples. How many apples are there at first?

The total fruit at the end: 260 – 40 + 20 = 240 (fruits)

The total number of equal parts: 1+2=3 (parts)
The value of one part: 240:3=80 (fruits)
The number of apples at first: 80+40=120 (apples)
The number of oranges at first: 80x2-20=140 (oranges)
13. Cindy and Diane save $1000 altogether. Cindy spends $240 and Diane
saves another $80. As a result, the amount of money that Diana has is thrice
that of Cindy’s. How much does each of them save at first?

14. Melanie is 12 years old. Her father is 52 years old. How many years ago
was her father’s age five times her age?

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

15. David is 10 years old. His father is 39 years old and his mother is 37
years old. When will the sum of his parents’s ages be 6 times David’s?

16. Jack has a total of 180 white and black beads. The number of white
beads is 30 less than twice the number of black beads.
a) How many black beads does he have?
b) How many white beads does he have?

17. Mark, Nigel and Penny solved 180 mathematics problems sums
altogether. Mark solved 8 more than thrice the number of problem sums
solved by Penny. The number of questions Nigel solved was 2 fewer than
twice the number of problem sums that Penny solved. How many problem
sums did each of them solve?

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

The value of 6 equal parts: 180 + 2 − 8 = 174 (problems)

The value of 1 part: 174: 6 = 29 (problems)
The number of problems Mark solves: 29 × 3 + 8 = 95 (problems)
Nigel: 29 (problems)
Penny: 29 × 2 − 2 = 56 (problems)
1
18. A fish is cut into 3 parts: The head of the fish is of the body plus the tail,
2
the body of the fish is equal to the head plus the tail. The fish tail alone
weighs 350g. How many kilograms does the whole fish weigh?

19. Frederick, Gilbert and Harris want to buy a software for a computer game
together. Frederick is short of $104. Gillbert is short of $130. If the three of
them pool their money, there will be an excess of $60. How much is the
solfware if Harris has $75.

According to the diagram:

The lack of money when Frederick and Gilbert buy together: 75 − 60 = $15
The money Gilbert has: 104 − 15 = 89 ($)
The cost of the software: 89 + 130 = 219 ($)

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Master Trần Đại Nghĩa 12 – KEY – Model Drawing Advanced - Teacher

20. Mark, Nicholas, Owen and Pierre each has the same number of gold
coins at first. Each of them donates 9 gold coins away. The total number of
gold coins left is the same as the number of gold coins each has at first.
How many gold coins does each of them have at first?

Answer: 12 gold coins

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