Nickel UNS N02200 Flanges

Nickel UNS N02200 Flanges are flanges made from Nickel 200, which is a commercially pure form of
nickel with excellent corrosion resistance and physical properties. UNS N02200 is the Unified
Numbering System (UNS) designation for this material. Nickel 200 (also known as Nickel 200/201) is
widely used in applications where corrosion resistance and high-temperature performance are
required.

Here’s a detailed overview of Nickel UNS N02200 Flanges:

1. Material Composition:

 Nickel UNS N02200 (also called Nickel 200) is a high-purity nickel alloy containing 99.6%
minimum nickel.

 It has a very low content of impurities like sulfur, iron, and copper, which contributes to its
excellent chemical stability and resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments.

Typical chemical composition:

o Nickel (Ni): 99.6% minimum

o Iron (Fe): 0.4% max

o Copper (Cu): 0.25% max

o Manganese (Mn): 0.35% max

o Silicon (Si): 0.35% max

o Carbon (C): 0.15% max

o Sulfur (S): 0.01% max

The purity of nickel in UNS N02200 ensures that it has good mechanical properties and outstanding
corrosion resistance.

2. Mechanical Properties:

 Tensile Strength: Typically, 50,000 to 70,000 psi (345 to 480 MPa)

 Yield Strength: Approximately 20,000 psi (140 MPa) minimum

 Elongation: Typically, 40% (in 8 inches), which gives the material good ductility and
formability.

 Hardness: Rockwell B scale hardness typically in the range of 60-80, depending on the
material form and temper.

3. Temperature Range:

 Nickel UNS N02200 flanges are typically suitable for service in environments with
temperatures ranging from -200°F (-128°C) to 1,500°F (815°C).

 The material’s high melting point (around 2,650°F or 1,455°C) makes it suitable for high-
temperature applications, but it performs best in moderate-temperature ranges.
4. Corrosion Resistance:

 Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) is highly resistant to oxidizing and reducing environments, making
it suitable for a variety of applications in the chemical, petrochemical, and food industries.

 Corrosion Resistance: It exhibits excellent resistance to corrosion from various media,

including:
 Alkaline solutions (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide)
 Acids (including sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid at low concentrations)
 Seawater and brines
 Organic compounds (phenols and certain solvents)

Nickel 200 is resistant to corrosion in neutral and alkaline solutions, which makes it ideal for use in
environments like chemical processing plants, marine environments, and storage tanks for caustic
materials.

5. Applications:

Nickel UNS N02200 flanges are used in a wide range of industries where the combination of
corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and high-temperature resistance is essential:

 Chemical Processing: Equipment such as reaction vessels, heat exchangers, and pipes
exposed to harsh chemical environments.

 Marine Engineering: Marine environments that require resistance to seawater corrosion.

 Food Processing: Flanges in systems used for food handling, especially in processes that
involve caustic or acidic conditions.

 Electronics: Flanges used in the production of high-performance electrical components and

systems.

 Aerospace: Components exposed to high temperatures and harsh atmospheric conditions.

 Petrochemical: For handling petroleum products and gases that might cause corrosion or
damage in other materials.

6. Flange Types:

Nickel UNS N02200 flanges can be manufactured into various flange types based on the application
requirements:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): Ideal for high-pressure applications, especially when it is
important to have a strong connection.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): Easier to install and typically used for lower-pressure applications.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the end of a pipeline or vessel.

 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Commonly used in small-diameter pipes for high-pressure
systems.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): These are flanges that can be screwed directly onto the pipe and are
suitable for applications where welding is not preferred.

7. Pressure Ratings and Size Range:

  Pressure Ratings: Nickel UNS N02200 flanges are available in pressure classes, typically from
Class 150 to Class 2500, depending on the type and size of the flange.

 Size Range: These flanges are available in various sizes, typically from 1/2" to 24" in
diameter, though larger sizes can be manufactured based on specific project requirements.

8. Standards and Compliance:

 ASTM B162: These standard covers nickel and nickel-alloy products, including Nickel 200
and its alloys. Nickel UNS N02200 flanges are made in compliance with ASTM B162
specifications.

 ASME B16.5: For flanges and flanged fittings in pipe sizes 1/2" to 24", ensuring that flanges
meet the necessary requirements for pressure, temperature, and mechanical properties.

 ISO 9001: Nickel UNS N02200 flanges manufactured by accredited manufacturers may be
certified to this international standard for quality management systems.

9. Weldability and Machinability:

 Weldability: Nickel UNS N02200 flanges have excellent weldability, making them suitable for
a variety of welding processes like TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), and spot
welding. Nickel 200 welds easily without special treatment, although some precautions (like
pre-heating in specific cases) may be required depending on the application.

 Machinability: Nickel 200 is relatively easy to machine with conventional tools, although it is
slightly more difficult to machine than mild steel due to its hardness and toughness.

10. Advantages of Nickel UNS N02200 Flanges:

 Superior Corrosion Resistance: Nickel 200 offers excellent resistance to a broad range of
corrosive media, including acids, alkalis, and seawater.

 High-Temperature Performance: It maintains strength and performance at elevated

temperatures up to 1,500°F (815°C), making it suitable for high-temperature applications.

 Good Mechanical Properties: High ductility and tensile strength make it easy to fabricate
and install in various systems.

 Versatility: Nickel UNS N02200 flanges are used across multiple industries, making them a
versatile and reliable option for a range of environments.

 Weldability and Machinability: Easy to weld and machine, which simplifies fabrication and
installation.

11. Disadvantages of Nickel UNS N02200 Flanges:

 Cost: Nickel alloys are generally more expensive than carbon steel and other non-alloy
metals, which can increase overall project costs.

 Limited Strength in Very High-Pressure Applications: While it performs well in many

situations, Nickel 200 has lower strength than higher-strength alloys, making it less suitable
for extremely high-pressure systems without additional design considerations.

Conclusion:
Nickel UNS N02200 flanges are ideal for applications requiring superior corrosion resistance,
particularly in chemical processing, food production, marine environments, and high-temperature
applications. While they are costlier than carbon steels, their excellent properties—such as corrosion
resistance, weldability, and durability—make them essential in industries where reliability in harsh
environments is paramount. Whether for high-temperature or highly corrosive systems, Nickel 200
provides a high-performance solution for flange connections.

Nickel UNS N02201 Flanges

Nickel UNS N02201 Flanges are flanges made from Nickel 201, which is a commercially pure nickel
alloy, often used in applications where high resistance to corrosion and excellent high-temperature
performance are necessary. UNS N02201 is the Unified Numbering System (UNS) designation for
Nickel 201, a material very similar to Nickel 200 but with a lower carbon content, which makes it
more resistant to embrittlement and improves its performance in certain applications.

Here’s a detailed breakdown of Nickel UNS N02201 Flanges:

1. Material Composition:

 Nickel UNS N02201 (also known as Nickel 201) is a high-purity nickel alloy with a chemical
composition consisting primarily of 99.6% pure nickel.

o Nickel (Ni): 99.6% minimum

o Iron (Fe): 0.4% max

o Copper (Cu): 0.25% max

o Manganese (Mn): 0.35% max

o Silicon (Si): 0.35% max

o Carbon (C): 0.02% max

o Sulfur (S): 0.01% max

Nickel 201 differs from Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) mainly in its lower carbon content (max 0.02%),
which reduces the risk of carbide formation at higher temperatures, enhancing its corrosion
resistance, especially in applications with reducing atmospheres.

2. Mechanical Properties:

 Tensile Strength: Typically ranges from 45,000 to 75,000 psi (310 to 515 MPa), depending
on the specific form and temper.

 Yield Strength: Approximately 18,000 psi (125 MPa) minimum

 Elongation: Typically, 30% in 8 inches (200mm), which indicates good ductility and
formability.

 Hardness: Rockwell B hardness typically ranges from 60 to 80, depending on material form
and temper.
The mechanical properties of Nickel UNS N02201 are similar to those of Nickel 200, but Nickel 201
exhibits better performance at higher temperatures and in more chemically aggressive
environments due to its low carbon content.

3. Temperature Range:

 Nickel UNS N02201 flanges are designed to perform in a temperature range from -200°F (-
128°C) to 1,800°F (980°C).

 This material can withstand higher temperatures than many other pure metals, making it
ideal for applications where both high-temperature performance and corrosion resistance
are necessary.

4. Corrosion Resistance:

 Nickel UNS N02201 has excellent resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments,
including:

o Organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, and butyric acid.

o Alkaline solutions like sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, which can
corrode many other materials.

o Seawater: Like Nickel 200, Nickel 201 offers excellent resistance to seawater
corrosion.

o Sulfuric acid: It provides resistance to sulfuric acid, especially in concentrations up to

10%, but it may not be as resistant as some of the more specialized alloys for very
high concentrations or extreme conditions.

The key advantage of Nickel 201 over Nickel 200 is its ability to perform better in environments
involving reducing atmospheres or conditions where embrittlement due to carbon content may be
an issue in higher temperature settings.

5. Applications:

Nickel UNS N02201 flanges are used in a variety of applications where corrosion resistance,
especially to acids and alkaline solutions, and high-temperature stability are critical. Some common
applications include:

 Chemical Processing: Nickel 201 flanges are widely used in systems where aggressive
chemicals are handled, such as:

o Chemical reactors and vessels.

o Piping for caustic and acidic environments.

 Marine Engineering: Excellent resistance to corrosion in seawater makes Nickel 201 ideal for
marine applications like:

o Marine vessels and seawater cooling systems.

o Equipment exposed to ocean water.

 Food Processing: For systems handling acidic food processing environments, such as pickling
and canning.
  Pharmaceutical Industry: Used in applications where high-purity materials are necessary,
including vessels, pumps, and reactors.

 Aerospace: Components exposed to high temperatures and aggressive environments.

 Heat Exchangers: Ideal for high-temperature heat exchangers that handle corrosive media.

6. Flange Types:

Nickel UNS N02201 flanges are manufactured in various types depending on the application:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): These flanges have a long neck that allows for stronger welded
connections, making them ideal for high-pressure and high-temperature applications.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): Easier to install than weld neck flanges and are typically used in low to
medium pressure systems.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the end of a pipe or pressure vessel.

 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Suitable for small-diameter pipes and high-pressure applications.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): Can be screwed directly onto the pipe without the need for welding,
commonly used when welding is not feasible.

7. Pressure Ratings and Size Range:

 Pressure Ratings: Nickel UNS N02201 flanges are available in pressure ratings ranging from
Class 150 to Class 2500, depending on the size and type of flange. Higher pressure ratings
are often used in applications with high-pressure processes.

 Size Range: These flanges come in sizes from 1/2" to 24" standard sizes, but larger sizes can
be custom-manufactured based on project requirements.

8. Standards and Compliance:

 ASTM B162: The standard specification for Nickel 201 (UNS N02201), which ensures the
material meets required chemical composition, mechanical properties, and other
specifications.

 ASME B16.5: For flanges and flanged fittings, ensuring compliance with standards for
pressure, temperature, and mechanical properties.

 ISO 9001: Accredited manufacturers may certify their flanges under this quality
management standard to ensure consistent quality and performance.

9. Weldability and Machinability:

 Weldability: Nickel UNS N02201 has excellent weldability and can be welded using various
methods such as TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding, MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding, and arc
welding. Due to its low carbon content, it is highly resistant to carbide formation, which
helps prevent cracking and embrittlement during welding.

 Machinability: While Nickel 201 is harder than carbon steel, it is still relatively easy to
machine using conventional tools. However, special care must be taken when machining due
to its tendency to work-harden at high speeds.

10. Advantages of Nickel UNS N02201 Flanges:

  Superior Corrosion Resistance: Due to its pure nickel composition, Nickel 201 offers
outstanding resistance to both reducing and oxidizing chemicals.

 Better High-Temperature Performance: Nickel 201 performs better than Nickel 200 in high-
temperature applications, especially in reducing environments.

 Versatile Applications: Ideal for use in chemical, food processing, pharmaceutical, marine,
and high-temperature applications.

 Easy Fabrication: The material is easily weldable and machinable, which simplifies the
fabrication of custom flanges for various needs.

11. Disadvantages of Nickel UNS N02201 Flanges:

 Cost: Nickel alloys tend to be more expensive than carbon steels, which can increase the
overall cost of a project.

 Limited Strength for Very High-Pressure Applications: While Nickel UNS N02201 offers
excellent corrosion resistance, it does not have the same strength at extremely high
pressures as other alloys like Inconel or Hastelloy, which may be required in some
specialized industrial applications.

Conclusion:

Nickel UNS N02201 flanges are an excellent choice for industries where corrosion resistance and
high-temperature performance are critical, particularly in chemical processing, marine
environments, and food processing. With its enhanced performance over Nickel 200, Nickel 201
flanges provide greater stability in reducing environments and higher-temperature applications,
while still offering great weldability, machinability, and ductility. Though the material can be more
expensive than carbon steel, its superior corrosion resistance and strength in harsh environments
justify the investment for many industries.

Monel UNS N04400 Flanges

Monel UNS N04400 Flanges are flanges made from Monel 400, a nickel-copper alloy known for its
excellent corrosion resistance, especially in marine environments and high-temperature
applications. Monel UNS N04400 (commonly referred to as Monel 400) is a solid solution alloy
primarily consisting of Nickel (approximately 63%) and Copper (approximately 28%), with small
amounts of iron, manganese, and other elements that enhance its strength, hardness, and
resistance to corrosion.

1. Material Composition:

Monel 400 (UNS N04400) is primarily composed of the following:

 Nickel (Ni): 63% min

 Copper (Cu): 28–34%

 Iron (Fe): 2.5% max

  Manganese (Mn): 2.0% max

 Carbon (C): 0.3% max

 Silicon (Si): 0.5% max

 Sulfur (S): 0.024% max

 Aluminium (Al): 0.05% max

 Others: Traces of titanium, phosphorus, and other minor elements.

The composition gives Monel UNS N04400 a unique combination of high strength, toughness, and
excellent corrosion resistance, especially in harsh environments.

2. Mechanical Properties:

The mechanical properties of Monel UNS N04400 make it suitable for a wide range of industrial
applications. Typical properties include:

 Tensile Strength: Approximately 70,000–85,000 psi (485–585 MPa)

 Yield Strength: Approximately 30,000 psi (205 MPa)

 Elongation: Typically, 35% (in 8 inches), which demonstrates good ductility.

 Hardness: Rockwell B scale hardness in the range of 75–95.

 Modulus of Elasticity: Approx. 190 GPa (27.5 × 10⁶ psi), which indicates good stiffness and
resistance to deformation under stress.

Monel 400 is known for its strength and toughness, even at elevated temperatures, making it a
popular choice for both high-pressure and high-temperature applications.

3. Temperature Range:

 Monel UNS N04400 performs well in temperatures ranging from -200°F (-128°C) to 1,000°F
(538°C).

 It has high thermal conductivity and is capable of maintaining its mechanical properties at
elevated temperatures, making it ideal for high-temperature industrial environments.

4. Corrosion Resistance:

 Monel 400 is renowned for its exceptional corrosion resistance in a variety of

environments, including:

o Seawater and marine environments: It offers outstanding resistance to corrosion in

seawater and other marine environments, making it suitable for applications in the
marine and offshore industries.

o Sulfuric acid: It exhibits excellent resistance to sulfuric acid, particularly in

concentrations of less than 85%.

o Alkaline environments: Monel 400 shows excellent resistance to alkalis, especially in

environments like sodium hydroxide.
 o Hydrofluoric acid: It provides excellent resistance to pure hydrofluoric acid and
fluoride fumes at ambient temperatures.

o Oxidizing acids: Monel 400 is less resistant to oxidizing acids like nitric acid but
performs well in reducing acids like sulfuric acid.

Its resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking is one of its most beneficial
characteristics, making it a choice material in harsh environments, particularly in marine and
chemical processing applications.

5. Applications:

Due to its corrosion resistance and strength, Monel UNS N04400 flanges are used in a variety of
demanding applications:

 Marine and Offshore: Used in marine hardware, shipbuilding, and offshore drilling rigs.
Components like marine propellers, shafts, valves, and pumps often use Monel 400.

 Chemical Processing: Ideal for piping systems and vessels that handle chemicals such as
sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and caustic soda.

 Aerospace: Used in certain aerospace components that require strength, toughness, and
resistance to corrosion.

 Oil and Gas: Components exposed to seawater and corrosive fluids in offshore drilling and
other oil and gas operations.

 Food Processing: Equipment such as tanks, pipes, and other components in food processing
systems that require non-reactive properties.

 Heat Exchangers: Especially in systems that handle saltwater or other corrosive substances.

 Pulp and Paper Industry: Resistant to corrosive compounds often found in chemical pulping
processes.

6. Flange Types:

Monel UNS N04400 flanges are produced in various types, depending on the specific application:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): Commonly used in high-pressure applications, offering a strong
welded connection.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): Easier to install than weld neck flanges, commonly used for moderate-
pressure applications.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the ends of pipes or equipment.

 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Used for small diameter, high-pressure applications where
welding is needed.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): Flanges that are screwed onto pipes, commonly used when welding
is not feasible or desirable.

7. Pressure Ratings and Size Range:

 Pressure Ratings: Monel UNS N04400 flanges are available in Class 150 to Class 2500
pressure ratings, depending on the size and design. The pressure rating for each flange is
 determined by factors such as flange dimensions, material strength, and intended service
conditions.

 Size Range: These flanges are available in various sizes ranging from 1/2" to 24" in diameter.
Custom sizes and larger diameters can be fabricated based on specific project requirements.

8. Standards and Compliance:

 ASTM B164: This is the standard specification for Monel 400, which includes UNS N04400
material, ensuring it meets the required chemical composition, mechanical properties, and
other specifications.

 ASME B16.5: Covers flanges and flanged fittings and ensures they meet requirements for
pressure, temperature, and mechanical properties.

 ISO 9001: Accredited manufacturers producing Monel UNS N04400 flanges may be certified
to ISO 9001 standards for quality management.

9. Weldability and Machinability:

 Weldability: Monel 400 has excellent weldability using most common welding processes,
including TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), and stick welding. It can be
welded without the need for pre-heating or post-welding heat treatment in most cases.

 Machinability: Monel UNS N04400 is more difficult to machine than carbon steels due to its
high strength and toughness. However, it can be machined with conventional tools and
techniques, although cutting speeds should be slower to avoid work hardening.

10. Advantages of Monel UNS N04400 Flanges:

 Excellent Corrosion Resistance: Especially in seawater, chemicals, and high-temperature

environments, which makes it ideal for use in harsh conditions.

 Strength and Toughness: Monel 400 maintains good mechanical properties at elevated
temperatures, providing durability in high-pressure and high-temperature applications.

 Ease of Fabrication: It is easy to fabricate and weld, making it suitable for customized flange
designs.

 Long Service Life: Due to its corrosion resistance and high strength, components made from
Monel UNS N04400 typically have a long operational lifespan in difficult environments.

11. Disadvantages of Monel UNS N04400 Flanges:

 Cost: Monel 400 tends to be more expensive than many other materials such as carbon steel
and stainless steel, which may increase overall project costs.

 Limited Strength for Ultra-High-Pressure Applications: While Monel 400 has good strength,
it may not be the best choice for ultra-high-pressure applications compared to stronger
alloys like Inconel or Hastelloy.

Conclusion:

Monel UNS N04400 flanges are an excellent choice for applications requiring high strength,
corrosion resistance, and thermal stability in marine, chemical, oil and gas, and high-temperature
environments. Their resistance to seawater, acids, and alkalis makes them ideal for industries such
as offshore drilling, chemical processing, and marine engineering. While they may be more
expensive than other materials, the exceptional durability and long service life of Monel 400 flanges
justify their use in critical applications where performance in harsh environments is essential.

Inconel UNS N06600 Flanges

Inconel UNS N06600 Flanges are flanges made from Inconel 600, a high-performance
nickel-chromium alloy designed for applications requiring resistance to oxidation, corrosion,
and high-temperature strength. Inconel UNS N06600 is a solid solution-strengthened alloy,
commonly used in extreme conditions, including high-pressure and high-temperature
environments, where other materials might fail due to their limited durability.
Here is a detailed overview of Inconel UNS N06600 Flanges:
1. Material Composition:
Inconel 600 (UNS N06600) is primarily composed of the following elements:
 Nickel (Ni): 72% minimum
 Chromium (Cr): 14–17%
 Iron (Fe): 6.0–10.0%
 Manganese (Mn): 1.0% max
 Silicon (Si): 0.5% max
 Carbon (C): 0.15% max
 Sulfur (S): 0.015% max
 Copper (Cu): 0.5% max
 Other elements: small traces of aluminium, titanium, and cobalt.
This alloy’s high Nickel content (about 72%) combined with Chromium (14-17%) makes it
resistant to oxidation and corrosion at elevated temperatures.
2. Mechanical Properties:
Inconel 600 (UNS N06600) flanges exhibit impressive mechanical properties, especially at
high temperatures. Some of the typical mechanical properties include:
 Tensile Strength: Approximately 80,000–110,000 psi (550–760 MPa)
 Yield Strength: Around 30,000 psi (205 MPa)
 Elongation: Typically, 30% (in 8 inches), which indicates good ductility.
 Hardness: Rockwell B scale hardness in the range of 90–100.
  Modulus of Elasticity: Approximately 205 GPa (29.7 × 10⁶ psi).
These properties allow Inconel UNS N06600 to maintain its structural integrity under
extreme conditions, especially in high-stress and high-temperature environments.
3. Temperature Range:
 Inconel UNS N06600 is designed to withstand temperatures ranging from -200°F (-
129°C) to 2,000°F (1,093°C).
 It offers excellent high-temperature performance, maintaining its strength and
resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures, which makes it a key material for
applications in furnaces, gas turbines, and other high-heat processes.
4. Corrosion Resistance:
Inconel 600 provides outstanding resistance to many forms of corrosion, including:
 Oxidation: It is particularly resistant to oxidation at high temperatures, making it
ideal for environments that experience frequent temperature fluctuations.
 Sulfur and Acidic Environments: Inconel 600 exhibits good resistance to sulfur
compounds, especially in high-temperature gas environments.
 Chlorine and Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking: Inconel 600 is resistant to chloride-
induced stress corrosion cracking in many chloride-containing environments.
 Aging and Embrittlement: The alloy performs well in high-temperature
environments, resisting embrittlement over time.
 Alkaline Solutions: It is resistant to many alkalis at elevated temperatures, making it
useful in various chemical processing applications.
Due to its high nickel content, Inconel 600 resists many aggressive media and provides
superior protection against oxidation and corrosion at higher temperatures compared to
stainless steels.
5. Applications:
Inconel UNS N06600 Flanges are used in numerous industries where resistance to extreme
heat, oxidation, and corrosion is required. Some common applications include:
 Aerospace: Inconel 600 is widely used in the aerospace industry for turbine blades,
combustion chambers, and other components exposed to high heat and stresses.
 Gas Turbines and Power Generation: Flanges made from Inconel UNS N06600 are
used in gas turbines, jet engines, and power plants for their ability to withstand
extreme temperatures and corrosive exhaust gases.
 Heat Exchangers: Inconel 600 is used for heat exchangers, boilers, and furnaces
because of its excellent resistance to high-temperature oxidation.
  Chemical Processing: It is commonly used in chemical reactors, piping systems, and
vessels that handle highly corrosive substances at high temperatures.
 Nuclear Applications: Inconel 600 is used for components exposed to high
temperatures and radiation in the nuclear industry, including reactor cores and
steam generators.
 Food Processing: For equipment exposed to high temperatures, such as cooking
equipment or heat exchangers used in food manufacturing processes.
6. Flange Types:
Inconel UNS N06600 Flanges are manufactured in various designs depending on the
application:
 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): Known for their strong welded connection, these flanges
are used in high-pressure applications.
 Slip-On Flanges (SO): These flanges are easy to install and are commonly used in low
to medium-pressure systems.
 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the end of a pipe or other equipment.
 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): These are commonly used for smaller diameter pipes
under high-pressure conditions.
 Threaded Flanges (TH): Threaded flanges are used when welding is not practical and
are designed for systems that do not require welding.
7. Pressure Ratings and Size Range:
 Pressure Ratings: Inconel UNS N06600 flanges are available in Class 150 to Class
2500 pressure ratings depending on the size and type of flange.
 Size Range: These flanges come in standard sizes ranging from 1/2" to 24" and can
be custom-manufactured for larger sizes as required by specific applications.
8. Standards and Compliance:
Inconel UNS N06600 flanges comply with several industry standards to ensure reliable
performance:
 ASTM B166: This specification governs the material properties of Inconel 600,
ensuring proper chemical composition and mechanical properties.
 ASME B16.5: Covers flanges and flanged fittings for sizes 1/2" to 24" in diameter,
specifying pressure-temperature ratings, design, and other parameters.
 ISO 9001: Accredited manufacturers producing Inconel UNS N06600 flanges may
also be ISO 9001 certified to ensure a high standard of manufacturing.
9. Weldability and Machinability:
  Weldability: Inconel 600 is highly weldable using a variety of welding processes,
including TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), and Stick welding. It can
be welded without the need for preheating or post-weld heat treatment, making it
easy to fabricate.
 Machinability: While Inconel 600 is not as easy to machine as carbon steels due to
its strength and toughness, it can be machined using conventional techniques.
Slower cutting speeds are often recommended to avoid work hardening and ensure
smoother operations.
10. Advantages of Inconel UNS N06600 Flanges:
 High Temperature Resistance: Inconel 600 maintains strength and oxidation
resistance at temperatures up to 2,000°F (1,093°C), which is significantly higher than
many other alloys, including stainless steel.
 Corrosion Resistance: Excellent resistance to oxidation and corrosion in a variety of
harsh environments.
 Durability: Resistant to aging, embrittlement, and stress cracking, making it ideal for
use in high-stress applications.
 Versatility: Can be used in industries ranging from aerospace to chemical processing
to power generation.
 Ease of Fabrication: Offers good weldability and machinability, making it easy to
form into complex shapes and sizes for specific flange requirements.
11. Disadvantages of Inconel UNS N06600 Flanges:
 Cost: Inconel UNS N06600 is more expensive than many other materials like carbon
steel or stainless steel due to its nickel content and high-performance properties.
 Limited Strength for Ultra-High-Pressure Applications: While Inconel 600 has good
strength and resistance, for extremely high-pressure applications, other alloys like
Inconel 625 or Hastelloy may be preferred.
Conclusion:
Inconel UNS N06600 flanges are a critical choice for applications that require high-
temperature performance, corrosion resistance, and strength under extreme conditions.
With excellent properties in oxidative and corrosive environments, Inconel 600 is ideal for
aerospace, chemical processing, gas turbines, nuclear, and power generation industries.
While more costly than other materials, its durability, versatility, and long service life in
challenging environments justify its use in critical applications where performance and
reliability are paramount.
 Inconel UNS N06601 Flanges

Inconel UNS N06601 Flanges are made from Inconel 601, a high-performance nickel-chromium alloy
designed for excellent resistance to oxidation, corrosion, and high-temperature environments.
Inconel 601 (UNS N06601) offers superior strength and stability in both oxidative and carburizing
atmospheres, making it ideal for applications in demanding environments, such as heat exchangers,
gas turbines, and chemical processing.

Here is a detailed overview of Inconel UNS N06601 Flanges:

Material Composition:

Inconel 601 (UNS N06601) is primarily composed of:

 Nickel (Ni): 58–63%

 Chromium (Cr): 21–25%

 Iron (Fe): 8.0–10.0%

 Aluminum (Al): 1.0–1.7%

 Manganese (Mn): 1.0% max

 Silicon (Si): 0.5% max

 Carbon (C): 0.10% max

 Sulfur (S): 0.015% max

 Copper (Cu): 0.5% max

 Other elements: small traces of titanium, cobalt, and other minor elements.

The combination of Nickel and Chromium imparts outstanding resistance to high-temperature

oxidation, while Aluminium enhances the material’s protective oxide layer, improving its ability to
resist scaling at elevated temperatures.

2. Mechanical Properties:

Inconel UNS N06601 flanges exhibit remarkable mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
Typical properties include:

 Tensile Strength: Approximately 75,000–110,000 psi (520–758 MPa)

 Yield Strength: Around 30,000–50,000 psi (205–345 MPa)

 Elongation: Typically 40% (in 8 inches), indicating good ductility at high temperatures.

 Hardness: Rockwell B scale hardness in the range of 85–95.

 Modulus of Elasticity: Approx. 205 GPa (29.7 × 10⁶ psi).

These properties allow Inconel UNS N06601 to maintain its structural integrity even in extreme
conditions, offering excellent strength and resistance to thermal degradation over long periods.
3. Temperature Range:

 Inconel 601 can operate at temperatures from -200°F (-129°C) to 2,000°F (1,093°C), offering
high stability and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures.

 The aluminium content in Inconel 601 contributes to its superior scaling resistance in high-
temperature environments, making it suitable for applications in furnaces, jet engines, and
other heat-intensive applications.

4. Corrosion Resistance:

Inconel 601 provides outstanding resistance to oxidation, carburization, and other forms of
corrosion in high-temperature environments. Some of its key corrosion-resistant properties include:

 Oxidation Resistance: It forms a protective aluminium oxide layer at high temperatures,

which prevents further oxidation and extends the service life of components exposed to high
heat and oxidative gases.

 Carburizing and Sulfur Resistance: Inconel 601 is highly resistant to carburizing atmospheres
(such as those found in heat treatment furnaces) and is effective in sulfur-rich environments.

 High-Temperature Corrosion Resistance: It maintains its strength and resistance to

corrosive attack in high-temperature conditions, including environments with aggressive
gases like sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide.

5. Applications:

Due to its excellent high-temperature properties and resistance to oxidation, Inconel UNS N06601
flanges are used in a wide range of industries and applications, including:

 Heat Treatment Furnaces: Used in furnace components such as trays, belts, and hearths
that are exposed to high temperatures.

 Gas Turbines: Employed in the aerospace and power generation industries, where Inconel
601 is used for parts like turbine blades, combustion chambers, and heat shields.

 Chemical Processing: Used in reactors, piping systems, and vessels that operate in high-
temperature and corrosive environments.

 Nuclear Power: Components exposed to high heat and radiation in nuclear reactors.

 Furnace Equipment: Applied to equipment that operates in oxidizing and carburizing

atmospheres, such as sintering furnaces and annealing furnaces.

 Industrial Heating: Used in applications like industrial heating elements and other
equipment that require high resistance to heat.

6. Flange Types:

Inconel UNS N06601 flanges are available in several configurations to suit different applications:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): Typically used in high-pressure systems where strong welded
connections are required.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): Easy to install and generally used in moderate-pressure applications.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the end of a pipe or equipment.

  Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Designed for small diameter, high-pressure applications
requiring a strong welded joint.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): Used when welding is not possible, such as in systems with pre-
existing equipment or piping.

7. Pressure Ratings and Size Range:

 Pressure Ratings: Inconel UNS N06601 flanges are available in Class 150 to Class 2500
pressure ratings, depending on the flange size and type.

 Size Range: The standard size range for these flanges is typically from 1/2" to 24", but
custom sizes can be fabricated depending on the specific requirements of the application.

8. Standards and Compliance:

Inconel UNS N06601 flanges meet several industry standards to ensure quality and reliability:

 ASTM B166: Specifies the requirements for Inconel 601 material, ensuring that the alloy
meets the proper chemical composition and mechanical properties.

 ASME B16.5: Defines the requirements for flanges and flanged fittings, ensuring the proper
design, pressure-temperature ratings, and dimensions.

 ISO 9001: Accredited manufacturers of Inconel UNS N06601 flanges may be certified to ISO
9001 standards for quality management and process control.

9. Weldability and Machinability:

 Weldability: Inconel 601 is highly weldable using most common welding methods, including
TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), and Stick Welding. The alloy does not
require pre-heating, and post-weld heat treatment is generally not necessary in most
applications.

 Machinability: Inconel UNS N06601 is harder to machine than carbon steel due to its
strength, but it can be machined using conventional machining techniques, although slower
cutting speeds and proper tooling are recommended to avoid work hardening.

10. Advantages of Inconel UNS N06601 Flanges:

 Exceptional High-Temperature Resistance: Inconel 601 can withstand extreme

temperatures up to 2,000°F (1,093°C), making it suitable for a variety of high-heat
environments.

 Outstanding Oxidation and Corrosion Resistance: Provides excellent protection in high-

temperature oxidative and carburizing atmospheres.

 Strength and Durability: Retains strength and mechanical properties at elevated

temperatures, preventing premature degradation or failure.

 Versatility: Can be used across a broad range of industries such as aerospace, chemical
processing, heat treatment, and nuclear power.

 Ease of Fabrication: Good weldability and machinability make it relatively easy to fabricate
into complex shapes and custom flange configurations.
11. Disadvantages of Inconel UNS N06601 Flanges:

 Cost: Inconel UNS N06601 is a high-cost material due to its alloy composition and the
superior properties it offers, making it more expensive than other materials like stainless
steel or carbon steel.

 Machinability Challenges: Although Inconel 601 can be machined, its hardness and
toughness may make it more difficult to machine compared to softer materials like carbon
steel.

Conclusion:

Inconel UNS N06601 flanges are an ideal choice for high-temperature and high-performance
applications that require superior oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and strength. With
outstanding properties in high-temperature environments, including gas turbines, heat exchangers,
and chemical reactors, Inconel 601 is widely used in critical industries such as aerospace, power
generation, nuclear, and chemical processing. While more expensive than other materials, the long-
term durability, reliability, and resistance to oxidation make Inconel UNS N06601 flanges a valuable
choice in demanding applications.

Inconel UNS N06625 Flanges

Inconel UNS N06625 Flanges are made from Inconel 625, a high-performance nickel-chromium alloy
known for its exceptional resistance to high-temperature oxidation, corrosion, and excellent
mechanical properties. Inconel UNS N06625 is often used in extreme environments that require
both high strength and resistance to oxidation and corrosion, especially under demanding conditions
such as in aerospace, chemical processing, and marine applications.

1. Material Composition:

Inconel 625 (UNS N06625) has the following typical chemical composition:

 Nickel (Ni): 58–63%

 Chromium (Cr): 20–23%

 Molybdenum (Mo): 8–10%

 Iron (Fe): Balance

 Niobium (Nb): 3.15–4.15%

 Titanium (Ti): 0.4–1.0%

 Aluminum (Al): 0.4% max

 Manganese (Mn): 0.5% max

 Silicon (Si): 0.5% max

  Carbon (C): 0.10% max

 Sulfur (S): 0.015% max

 Phosphorus (P): 0.015% max

 Copper (Cu): 0.5% max

The alloy’s high Nickel content, along with Chromium, Molybdenum, and Niobium, provides
excellent oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and strength at elevated temperatures.

2. Mechanical Properties:

Inconel 625 flanges exhibit superior mechanical properties, especially at high temperatures:

 Tensile Strength: Approximately 103,000–125,000 psi (710–862 MPa).

 Yield Strength: Around 40,000–60,000 psi (275–413 MPa).

 Elongation: Typically, 35% (in 8 inches), which indicates high ductility.

 Hardness: Rockwell B scale hardness between 85–95.

 Modulus of Elasticity: Around 205 GPa (29.7 × 10⁶ psi).

This combination of properties allows Inconel UNS N06625 flanges to perform well under both static
and dynamic loads at elevated temperatures.

3. Temperature Range:

 Inconel 625 is highly resistant to heat, maintaining its mechanical properties in a

temperature range from -200°F (-129°C) to 2,000°F (1,093°C).

 The alloy can withstand extreme heat while maintaining its structural integrity, making it
suitable for high-temperature applications like gas turbines, jet engines, and industrial heat
exchangers.

4. Corrosion Resistance:

Inconel 625 offers outstanding resistance to a variety of corrosion forms, which makes it particularly
suitable for use in harsh environments:

 Oxidation Resistance: The alloy forms a stable oxide layer that protects it from further
oxidation, even at high temperatures. This makes it highly resistant to oxidation in both air
and combustion gases at elevated temperatures.

 Corrosion Resistance in Aggressive Environments: It has excellent resistance to pitting,

crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking in both seawater and chemical processing
environments.

 Acidic and Alkaline Conditions: Inconel 625 provides resistance to a wide range of acids,
including phosphoric, sulfuric, and hydrochloric acids, as well as many alkalis at elevated
temperatures.

5. Applications:
Due to its excellent high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance, Inconel UNS N06625
flanges are widely used in industries that operate under severe environmental conditions. Some of
the main applications include:

 Aerospace: Used in critical jet engine components, turbine blades, combustion chambers,
and exhaust systems where high temperatures and oxidation resistance are crucial.

 Power Generation: Employed in gas turbines, nuclear reactors, and high-temperature

steam systems.

 Marine: Used for parts exposed to seawater, such as marine exhaust systems, seawater
piping, and heat exchangers.

 Chemical Processing: In chemical reactors, piping, and vessels handling aggressive and
corrosive chemicals.

 Marine and Offshore: Inconel 625 is used in various offshore applications, such as subsea
pipelines, offshore oil and gas platform components, and submarine cables.

 Oil & Gas: Due to its resistance to high pressures and corrosive environments, Inconel 625 is
used in subsea and downhole applications.

6. Flange Types:

Inconel UNS N06625 flanges are available in multiple types, each suitable for different application
needs:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): Commonly used in high-pressure and high-temperature

applications, where strong welded joints are necessary.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): Designed for moderate-pressure applications and easier installation,
these are commonly used in lower-pressure systems.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the end of a pipeline or equipment.

 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Designed for small diameter pipes with high-pressure systems.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): These are used in systems where welding is not possible and are
ideal for certain types of equipment or piping that need to be disassembled.

7. Pressure Ratings and Size Range:

 Pressure Ratings: Inconel UNS N06625 flanges can be manufactured for Class 150 to Class
2500 pressure ratings, depending on the size, type, and application requirements.

 Size Range: Standard size ranges from 1/2" to 24", with larger sizes available upon request
for specific applications.

8. Standards and Compliance:

 ASTM B446: This standard covers Inconel 625 material requirements, ensuring the correct
chemical composition and mechanical properties.

 ASME B16.5: Defines the flange dimensions, pressure ratings, and material requirements for
flanges, ensuring compatibility with other components in piping systems.
  ISO 9001: Many manufacturers of Inconel UNS N06625 flanges are certified to ISO 9001 for
quality management, ensuring consistent production standards.

9. Weldability and Machinability:

 Weldability: Inconel UNS N06625 flanges are highly weldable using common processes such
as TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), and Stick welding. The alloy does not
require preheating, and post-weld heat treatment is typically not needed in most
applications. However, some specific cases may require stress-relieving heat treatments.

 Machinability: Inconel 625 is harder to machine than carbon steels, but it can be machined
using conventional cutting tools with slower cutting speeds to avoid work hardening and
improve tool life.

10. Advantages of Inconel UNS N06625 Flanges:

 Outstanding High-Temperature Resistance: Can withstand temperatures up to 2,000°F

(1,093°C), making it ideal for high-heat environments such as gas turbines and jet engines.

 Excellent Corrosion Resistance: Resistant to oxidation, pitting, and other forms of corrosion
in many harsh environments, including seawater, acids, and alkaline solutions.

 High Strength and Durability: Maintains its strength at elevated temperatures and retains
good mechanical properties in high-stress applications.

 Versatility: Suitable for a wide range of industries, including aerospace, oil & gas, chemical
processing, and marine.

 Ease of Fabrication: Despite being a high-performance alloy, Inconel 625 is relatively easy to
weld and fabricate into complex shapes.

11. Disadvantages of Inconel UNS N06625 Flanges:

 Cost: As a high-performance material, Inconel UNS N06625 flanges are more expensive than
alternatives like carbon steel or stainless steel, which may make it less suitable for cost-
sensitive applications.

 Machining Difficulty: Due to the hardness of the material, Inconel 625 can be challenging to
machine and may require specialized tools and techniques.

Conclusion:

Inconel UNS N06625 flanges are an ideal choice for high-performance applications that require
high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength. Its combination of
properties makes it suitable for demanding environments in aerospace, chemical processing, oil &
gas, marine, and power generation industries. While more costly than materials like stainless steel
or carbon steel, the exceptional durability, oxidation resistance, and ability to maintain strength at
high temperatures make Inconel UNS N06625 flanges a valuable investment for critical applications.

Incoloy UNS N08800 Flanges

Incoloy UNS N08800 Flanges are made from Incoloy 800, an iron-nickel-chromium alloy known for
its excellent resistance to oxidation and carburization, as well as its ability to maintain strength and
structural integrity at elevated temperatures. Incoloy UNS N08800 is commonly used in high-
temperature and corrosive environments, particularly in the chemical, petrochemical, and power
generation industries.

1. Material Composition:

Incoloy 800 (UNS N08800) has the following typical chemical composition:

 Nickel (Ni): 30–35%

 Chromium (Cr): 19–23%

 Iron (Fe): Balance

 Aluminum (Al): 0.15–0.6%

 Titanium (Ti): 1.0–1.5%

 Manganese (Mn): 1.0% max

 Silicon (Si): 1.0% max

 Carbon (C): 0.10% max

 Sulfur (S): 0.015% max

 Copper (Cu): 0.5% max

 Phosphorus (P): 0.02% max

The Nickel and Chromium content provides excellent resistance to oxidation, while Titanium and
Aluminium help improve the alloy’s resistance to high-temperature oxidation and creep.

2. Mechanical Properties:

Incoloy UNS N08800 flanges possess excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures:

 Tensile Strength: Approximately 80,000–120,000 psi (552–827 MPa).

 Yield Strength: Around 30,000–50,000 psi (207–345 MPa).

 Elongation: Typically, 30% (in 8 inches).

 Hardness: Rockwell B scale hardness of 85–95.

 Modulus of Elasticity: Approx. 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi).

These values allow Incoloy UNS N08800 to perform well in both high-pressure and high-temperature
environments, making it suitable for applications in industries that demand strength and durability.

3. Temperature Range:

 Incoloy 800 can withstand temperatures from -200°F (-129°C) to 1,600°F (871°C) without
compromising its strength or corrosion resistance.

 This wide temperature range makes Incoloy UNS N08800 flanges suitable for use in heat
exchangers, furnaces, boilers, and other high-temperature applications.
4. Corrosion Resistance:

One of the main advantages of Incoloy 800 is its resistance to various forms of corrosion:

 Oxidation Resistance: The alloy’s high Chromium content forms a protective oxide layer that
prevents further oxidation at high temperatures, ensuring the material’s longevity in
oxidative environments.

 Carburization Resistance: Incoloy UNS N08800 has superior resistance to carburization,

which occurs when carbon from fuel or chemicals reacts with metals at high temperatures.

 Sulfur Resistance: The alloy’s composition makes it resistant to sulfur-related corrosion,

which is beneficial for applications in the chemical and petrochemical industries.

 General Corrosion Resistance: Incoloy 800 is resistant to a wide range of chemicals,

including acids and alkalis, at both high and low temperatures.

5. Applications:

Due to its excellent high-temperature properties and resistance to oxidation and corrosion, Incoloy
UNS N08800 flanges are commonly used in industries where materials are exposed to severe
conditions. Some of the typical applications include:

 Chemical Processing: Incoloy 800 is used for chemical reactors, heat exchangers, and
vessels that handle corrosive chemicals at elevated temperatures.

 Petrochemical Industry: Commonly used in furnace parts, pipes, and heat exchangers
exposed to high temperatures and corrosive gases in refineries.

 Power Generation: Applied in boilers, turbine components, heat exchangers, and furnaces
in both nuclear and fossil fuel power plants.

 Heat Treatment: Incoloy 800 is used in industrial furnaces, annealing and sintering
equipment, and thermal reactors for heat treatment processes.

 Food Processing: Used in certain food industry applications where exposure to high
temperatures and corrosive environments is necessary.

 Nuclear Power: Employed in various components that require both strength at elevated
temperatures and resistance to corrosion, such as steam generators and fuel processing
equipment.

6. Flange Types:

Incoloy UNS N08800 flanges are available in several configurations depending on the application
needs:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): Ideal for high-pressure and high-temperature applications where
welded connections are required.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): Commonly used in moderate-pressure applications and for easier
installation.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the end of a pipeline or a vessel.

  Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Suitable for small diameter, high-pressure applications requiring
a strong welded joint.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): Ideal for situations where welding is impractical and where the
flange can be threaded directly onto the pipe.

7. Pressure Ratings and Size Range:

 Pressure Ratings: Incoloy UNS N08800 flanges can be manufactured with pressure ratings
from Class 150 to Class 2500, depending on the size, type, and application requirements.

 Size Range: Standard sizes typically range from 1/2" to 24", but custom sizes can be
manufactured for specific applications.

8. Standards and Compliance:

 ASTM B407: Covers the material requirements for Incoloy 800, ensuring that the alloy meets
the required chemical composition and mechanical properties.

 ASME B16.5: Specifies the flange dimensions, pressure-temperature ratings, and material
specifications for flanges, ensuring compatibility with other components in piping systems.

 ISO 9001: Many manufacturers of Incoloy UNS N08800 flanges are certified to ISO 9001 for
quality management and production standards.

9. Weldability and Machinability:

 Weldability: Incoloy UNS N08800 is highly weldable using common welding processes, such
as TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) and MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding. The material does not
require pre-heating for most applications, and post-weld heat treatment is generally not
necessary unless required by specific applications.

 Machinability: Incoloy UNS N08800 is more difficult to machine than standard steels due to
its toughness and strength. However, it can still be machined using conventional methods,
though special attention should be paid to cutting speeds to avoid work hardening.

10. Advantages of Incoloy UNS N08800 Flanges:

 Excellent High-Temperature Strength: Incoloy 800 maintains its strength at elevated

temperatures, making it suitable for components exposed to high heat in industrial
processes.

 Superior Corrosion Resistance: Offers excellent protection against oxidation, carburization,

and other forms of corrosion in high-temperature, corrosive environments.

 Good Weldability: Can be easily welded using standard welding methods without the need
for extensive pre-heat or post-heat treatments in many cases.

 Versatility: Suitable for a wide range of industrial applications, from chemical processing to
power generation and food processing.

 Long-Term Durability: Highly resistant to thermal aging and long-term exposure to high
temperatures and aggressive chemicals.

11. Disadvantages of Incoloy UNS N08800 Flanges:

  Cost: As a high-performance alloy, Incoloy UNS N08800 can be more expensive than carbon
steel and stainless steel, making it less suitable for cost-sensitive applications.

 Machining Difficulty: Due to its strength, Incoloy 800 can be harder to machine than softer
materials, which can result in increased tooling wear and slower machining speeds.

Conclusion:

Incoloy UNS N08800 flanges are ideal for applications requiring high-temperature strength,
corrosion resistance, and long-term durability. With its ability to perform in high-temperature
environments while resisting oxidation and carburization, Incoloy 800 is widely used in industries
such as chemical processing, petrochemical, power generation, and heat treatment. While more
expensive than alternatives like stainless steel and carbon steel, the performance benefits of
Incoloy UNS N08800 flanges make them a valuable choice for critical applications where reliability
and performance are paramount.

Incoloy UNS N08810 / UNS N08811 Flanges

Incoloy UNS N08810 / UNS N08811 Flanges are made from Incoloy 800HT and Incoloy
800H, two specific grades of the Incoloy 800 alloy series. These alloys are high-temperature-
resistant, nickel-chromium-iron alloys that are widely used in industries where strength,
oxidation resistance, and creep resistance are critical, particularly in high-temperature
applications such as chemical processing, power generation, and heat exchangers.

1. Material Composition:

Incoloy UNS N08810 (Incoloy 800HT) and Incoloy UNS N08811 (Incoloy 800H) are very
similar, with minor differences in their chemical compositions.

Incoloy UNS N08810 (800HT):

 Nickel (Ni): 30–35%

 Chromium (Cr): 19–23%
 Iron (Fe): Balance
 Aluminum (Al): 0.15–0.60%
 Titanium (Ti): 1.0–1.5%
 Manganese (Mn): 1.0% max
 Silicon (Si): 1.0% max
 Carbon (C): 0.05–0.10%
 Sulfur (S): 0.015% max
 Copper (Cu): 0.5% max
 Phosphorus (P): 0.02% max

Incoloy UNS N08811 (800H):

 Nickel (Ni): 30–35%

 Chromium (Cr): 19–23%
  Iron (Fe): Balance
 Aluminum (Al): 0.15–0.60%
 Titanium (Ti): 0.60–1.2%
 Manganese (Mn): 1.0% max
 Silicon (Si): 1.0% max
 Carbon (C): 0.05–0.10%
 Sulfur (S): 0.015% max
 Copper (Cu): 0.5% max
 Phosphorus (P): 0.02% max

Both alloys share the same primary elements, Nickel and Chromium, but Incoloy UNS
N08811 has slightly higher Titanium content compared to Incoloy UNS N08810, which can
impact its properties in specific high-temperature applications.

2. Mechanical Properties:

Both Incoloy UNS N08810 (800HT) and Incoloy UNS N08811 (800H) offer excellent
mechanical strength and resistance to thermal expansion, making them suitable for high-
temperature environments.

Incoloy UNS N08810 (800HT) and UNS N08811 (800H) Properties:

 Tensile Strength: Approximately 90,000–130,000 psi (620–896 MPa).

 Yield Strength: Around 30,000–50,000 psi (207–345 MPa).
 Elongation: Typically, 30% (in 8 inches).
 Hardness: Rockwell B hardness of 85–95.
 Modulus of Elasticity: Approx. 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi).

These alloys retain their strength even at high temperatures (up to around 1,100°F to
1,200°F), offering both high tensile strength and good creep resistance under long-term
thermal stress.

3. Temperature Range:

Both Incoloy UNS N08810 (800HT) and Incoloy UNS N08811 (800H) are designed for use
in high-temperature applications:

 Incoloy 800HT (N08810): Designed for service at temperatures up to 1,200°F

(649°C).
 Incoloy 800H (N08811): Also suitable for temperatures up to 1,200°F (649°C), but
its creep strength is typically higher than that of 800HT, making it more suitable for
applications that involve higher sustained temperatures and long-term exposure.

These alloys are suitable for a variety of high-temperature applications, including heat
exchangers, furnaces, and boiler components.

4. Corrosion Resistance:

Incoloy UNS N08810 and UNS N08811 exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in
high-temperature and oxidizing environments:
  Oxidation Resistance: Both grades have excellent resistance to oxidation at elevated
temperatures, particularly in environments such as furnaces, gas turbines, and
chemical processing equipment.
 Corrosion Resistance: These alloys are highly resistant to carburization, sulfur,
and high-temperature oxidation.
 General Corrosion Resistance: These alloys offer good resistance to a variety of
chemicals, acids, and gases, including sulfur, phosphoric acid, and chlorine.

5. Applications:

Both Incoloy UNS N08810 and Incoloy UNS N08811 are used in applications where
materials are exposed to high temperatures, oxidative and carburizing environments, and
corrosive chemicals. Some common applications include:

 Chemical Processing: Used in reactors, vessels, and heat exchangers where high-
temperature resistance and resistance to oxidation and carburization are critical.
 Power Generation: Employed in furnace components, boiler tubes, and
superheaters in both fossil fuel and nuclear power plants.
 Heat Treatment: These alloys are used in industrial furnaces, sintering
equipment, and thermal reactors for heat treatment of metals.
 Petrochemical Industry: Incoloy UNS N08811 is often used for components in
refineries, including furnace parts, heat exchangers, and valves exposed to high
temperatures and corrosive environments.
 Aerospace: Used in components exposed to high heat, such as jet engine
components, turbine blades, and exhaust systems.
 Food Processing: Certain food processing applications also benefit from the high-
temperature and corrosion resistance properties of these alloys.

6. Flange Types:

Incoloy UNS N08810 and UNS N08811 flanges are available in several types, including:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): These are the most commonly used flanges for high-
temperature and high-pressure applications where welded connections are needed.
 Slip-On Flanges (SO): Used for moderate-pressure systems where ease of installation
is necessary.
 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to close the end of a pipeline or vessel.
 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Ideal for small-diameter, high-pressure systems.
 Threaded Flanges (TH): Used in situations where welding is impractical and flanges
can be threaded onto pipes.

7. Pressure Ratings and Size Range:

 Pressure Ratings: Both Incoloy UNS N08810 and UNS N08811 flanges can be
manufactured for Class 150 to Class 2500 pressure ratings, depending on the flange
type and application requirements.
 Size Range: Common sizes typically range from 1/2" to 24", but custom sizes can be
made to order.
8. Standards and Compliance:

 ASTM B409: This standard covers the material requirements for Incoloy 800H and
800HT, ensuring the correct chemical composition and mechanical properties.
 ASME B16.5: Specifies flange dimensions, pressure-temperature ratings, and
material specifications, ensuring compatibility with other components in piping
systems.
 ISO 9001: Many manufacturers of Incoloy UNS N08810 and UNS N08811 flanges
are certified to ISO 9001, ensuring consistency and quality in production.

9. Weldability and Machinability:

 Weldability: Both alloys have excellent weldability and can be welded using standard
processes like TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) and MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding. The
material generally does not require pre-heating for most applications.
 Machinability: Incoloy UNS N08810 and UNS N08811 are more difficult to
machine than carbon steels but can still be machined using conventional methods with
the right tooling. Care must be taken to avoid excessive heat generation during
machining, as this can lead to work hardening.

10. Advantages of Incoloy UNS N08810 / UNS N08811 Flanges:

 High-Temperature Strength: Both alloys provide excellent strength at high

temperatures, making them ideal for high-heat applications such as gas turbines and
chemical reactors.
 Excellent Creep Resistance: Incoloy UNS N08811 offers superior creep resistance
compared to other alloys, making it suitable for applications where long-term
exposure to high stress at elevated temperatures is expected.
 Corrosion Resistance: Offers good protection against oxidation, carburization, and
corrosion in high-temperature and chemically aggressive environments.
 Weldability: These alloys are highly weldable without the need for special pre-
heating or post-heat treatment processes.
 Versatility: Used in various industries, including power generation, chemical
processing, and heat treatment.

11. Disadvantages of Incoloy UNS N08810 / UNS N08811 Flanges:

 Cost: These alloys are more expensive than carbon steel and stainless steel, which
could make them less economical for certain applications.
 Machining Difficulty: Due to their toughness, both alloys can be difficult to machine,
requiring specialized tools and machining processes.

Conclusion:

Incoloy UNS N08810 (800HT) and UNS N08811 (800H) flanges are excellent choices for
high-temperature and high-stress applications where both strength and corrosion resistance
are essential. With their superior oxidation resistance, creep strength, and ability to
withstand high temperatures, these alloys are well-suited for industries such as chemical
processing, petrochemical, power generation, and heat treatment. While the alloys may
be more expensive than alternatives, their outstanding performance in demanding
environments makes them invaluable for critical applications.

Incoloy UNS N08330 Flanges

Incoloy UNS N08330 Flanges are made from Incoloy 330, a high-performance nickel-iron-
chromium alloy known for its excellent resistance to oxidation, carburization, and high-
temperature corrosion. Incoloy UNS N08330 is typically used in applications that require
good strength at elevated temperatures, along with resistance to oxidative and carburizing
environments. This alloy is used in industries like chemical processing, power generation,
and furnace applications.

1. Material Composition:

The chemical composition of Incoloy UNS N08330 (Incoloy 330) is as follows:

 Nickel (Ni): 34–37%

 Chromium (Cr): 19–22%
 Iron (Fe): Balance
 Manganese (Mn): 1.50–2.50%
 Silicon (Si): 0.50–1.50%
 Aluminum (Al): 0.15–0.60%
 Carbon (C): 0.30% max
 Copper (Cu): 0.5% max
 Sulfur (S): 0.015% max
 Phosphorus (P): 0.02% max

The alloy's high Nickel and Chromium content are responsible for its excellent resistance to
oxidation and carburization at elevated temperatures, making it ideal for high-temperature
environments.

2. Mechanical Properties:

Incoloy UNS N08330 has excellent mechanical properties, especially at high temperatures.
These properties make it suitable for applications in high-heat environments, such as furnace
equipment, heat exchangers, and chemical processing.

 Tensile Strength: Approximately 70,000–85,000 psi (483–586 MPa).

 Yield Strength: Around 30,000–45,000 psi (207–310 MPa).
 Elongation: Typically, 30% (in 8 inches).
 Hardness: Rockwell B hardness of 80–95.
 Modulus of Elasticity: Approx. 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi).

These properties make Incoloy UNS N08330 particularly useful for components that need to
withstand high mechanical stress and high temperatures over extended periods.
3. Temperature Range:

Incoloy UNS N08330 performs well in high-temperature applications, with good strength
retention even at elevated temperatures:

 Maximum Operating Temperature: 1,800°F (982°C).

 It is commonly used in environments where temperature exposure exceeds the limits
of standard stainless steels, particularly for applications requiring continuous exposure
to high heat.

4. Corrosion Resistance:

One of the standout features of Incoloy UNS N08330 is its resistance to oxidation and
carburization:

 Oxidation Resistance: The high Chromium content allows the alloy to form a
protective oxide layer at high temperatures, offering protection from oxidation in
oxidative environments.
 Carburization Resistance: Incoloy UNS N08330 exhibits excellent resistance to
carburization, which occurs when carbon reacts with the metal in high-temperature
environments, making it ideal for use in furnace atmospheres.
 General Corrosion Resistance: Incoloy 330 provides good resistance to acids,
alkalis, and salts, especially in high-temperature environments.
 Sulfur and Chloride Resistance: This alloy also resists degradation from sulfur and
chlorides, which are common in industrial environments, particularly in refineries and
chemical processing plants.

5. Applications:

Due to its outstanding high-temperature performance and resistance to oxidation, Incoloy

UNS N08330 is commonly used in the following applications:

 Furnace Equipment: Used in furnace components, heat exchangers, and kilns that
are exposed to elevated temperatures and aggressive atmospheres.
 Chemical Processing: Incoloy UNS N08330 is used in chemical reactors, vessels,
and pipes that handle high-temperature chemical reactions, particularly in the
presence of carburizing or oxidizing atmospheres.
 Heat Treatment: Heat exchangers and industrial furnaces used for heat treatment
applications, where resistance to oxidation and carburization is essential.
 Power Generation: Employed in boilers, turbine components, and heat
exchangers exposed to high temperatures in fossil-fuel and nuclear power plants.
 Petrochemical Industry: Used for furnace parts, valves, and other components in
refineries where exposure to heat and corrosive environments is common.
 Food Processing: Certain food processing applications, particularly those that
require exposure to high temperatures, can benefit from the oxidation resistance of
this material.

6. Flange Types:
Incoloy UNS N08330 flanges are available in various types based on application
requirements:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): Suitable for high-pressure applications, particularly

where welded joints are needed.
 Slip-On Flanges (SO): Ideal for moderate-pressure systems and those requiring ease
of installation.
 Blind Flanges (BL): Used for sealing the end of a pipe or vessel.
 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Typically used for small-diameter, high-pressure
systems that require strong welded connections.
 Threaded Flanges (TH): Useful where welding is not feasible, and the flange can be
screwed onto the pipe.

7. Pressure Ratings and Size Range:

 Pressure Ratings: Incoloy UNS N08330 flanges can be designed for various
pressure ratings, including Class 150 to Class 2500, depending on the application.
 Size Range: Standard sizes for Incoloy UNS N08330 flanges typically range from
1/2" to 24", but custom sizes can be manufactured according to specific
requirements.

8. Standards and Compliance:

 ASTM B167: This standard specifies the material requirements for Incoloy 330 alloy,
ensuring the correct chemical composition and mechanical properties.
 ASME B16.5: Sets forth the requirements for flange dimensions, pressure-
temperature ratings, and materials, ensuring compatibility with other components in
piping systems.
 ISO 9001: Many manufacturers of Incoloy UNS N08330 flanges are ISO 9001
certified, ensuring consistent production quality and manufacturing standards.

9. Weldability and Machinability:

 Weldability: Incoloy UNS N08330 can be welded using standard welding techniques
like TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) and MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding. It does not
require preheating for most applications, and post-weld heat treatment is usually not
necessary.
 Machinability: While Incoloy UNS N08330 can be challenging to machine
compared to standard carbon steels, it can be processed with conventional machining
techniques. However, the use of specialized tools and slower machining speeds is
advised to avoid work hardening and excessive tooling wear.

10. Advantages of Incoloy UNS N08330 Flanges:

 High-Temperature Resistance: Performs excellently in high-temperature

environments, making it ideal for furnace components, heat exchangers, and other
high-heat applications.
  Oxidation and Carburization Resistance: The alloy provides superior resistance to
oxidation and carburization at elevated temperatures, which extends the lifespan of
components exposed to extreme conditions.
 Durability: The material’s ability to resist degradation in corrosive environments
ensures long-lasting performance, even in aggressive industrial atmospheres.
 Weldability: The alloy’s ease of welding makes it versatile for various piping and
flanged applications, reducing the need for additional welding preparation.
 Versatility: Suitable for a wide range of applications across industries like chemical
processing, power generation, and petrochemical, offering reliable performance in
extreme conditions.

11. Disadvantages of Incoloy UNS N08330 Flanges:

 Cost: As a high-performance alloy, Incoloy UNS N08330 can be more expensive

than standard carbon steel and even some grades of stainless steel.
 Machining Difficulty: Although machinable, it is more challenging to process than
lower-alloy materials, requiring more specialized tools and processes.

Conclusion:

Incoloy UNS N08330 flanges are an excellent choice for high-temperature applications that
require superior oxidation resistance, carburization resistance, and mechanical strength.
With their ability to perform at temperatures up to 1,800°F (982°C), Incoloy UNS N08330
flanges are particularly well-suited for industries such as chemical processing, power
generation, heat treatment, and petrochemical. While they are more expensive than carbon
steel or stainless steel, their superior high-temperature performance and corrosion resistance
make them a valuable material for critical applications that demand durability and reliability
in extreme conditions.

Incoloy UNS N08825 Flanges

Incoloy UNS N08825 Flanges are made from Incoloy 825, a high-performance nickel-iron-chromium
alloy that is known for its excellent resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments, including
both reducing and oxidizing conditions. Incoloy 825 is designed for use in severe environments
where other materials might fail. Incoloy UNS N08825 flanges are commonly used in industries such
as chemical processing, oil and gas, power generation, and waste treatment.

1. Material Composition:

The chemical composition of Incoloy UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) is as follows:

 Nickel (Ni): 38.0–46.0%

 Chromium (Cr): 19.5–23.5%

 Iron (Fe): Balance

 Molybdenum (Mo): 2.5–3.5%

  Copper (Cu): 1.5–3.0%

 Titanium (Ti): 0.60–1.20%

 Aluminium (Al): 0.20% max

 Carbon (C): 0.05% max

 Sulfur (S): 0.020% max

 Phosphorus (P): 0.020% max

 Silicon (Si): 0.50% max

The high Nickel content (38-46%) provides Incoloy 825 with excellent resistance to both oxidation
and reducing environments, making it a versatile alloy for a variety of applications. Chromium and
Molybdenum enhance the alloy’s corrosion resistance, especially in acidic environments, while
Copper further improves resistance to reducing acids like sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.

2. Mechanical Properties:

Incoloy UNS N08825 offers a combination of high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. The
material's mechanical properties make it suitable for demanding applications in high-stress
environments.

 Tensile Strength: Approximately 80,000–100,000 psi (552–690 MPa).

 Yield Strength: Around 30,000–45,000 psi (207–310 MPa).

 Elongation: Typically, 30% (in 8 inches).

 Hardness: Rockwell B hardness of 90–100.

 Modulus of Elasticity: Approx. 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi).

These mechanical properties ensure that Incoloy UNS N08825 performs well under stress and
retains its strength in aggressive environments, even at elevated temperatures.

3. Temperature Range:

Incoloy UNS N08825 is known for its good performance at elevated temperatures, particularly in
applications exposed to corrosive atmospheres:

 Maximum Operating Temperature: 1,800°F (982°C).

 It is suitable for high-temperature applications, such as in heat exchangers, turbines, and

reactors, where it provides excellent performance in both oxidizing and reducing conditions.

4. Corrosion Resistance:

Incoloy UNS N08825 is known for its exceptional corrosion resistance, especially in harsh
environments:

 Oxidizing Environments: The alloy’s Chromium content provides protection against high-
temperature oxidation.
  Reducing Environments: Incoloy 825 is particularly resistant to reducing acids, such as
sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and acetic acid, thanks to the addition of Copper and
Molybdenum.

 Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC): The alloy has good resistance to stress corrosion cracking,
which is particularly important in environments that involve high tensile stress and corrosive
solutions.

 Pitting and Crevice Corrosion: Incoloy 825 exhibits excellent resistance to pitting and
crevice corrosion in chloride-containing environments, making it suitable for marine
applications and chloride-containing solutions.

 General Corrosion: Incoloy 825 is resistant to a wide range of aggressive environments,

including sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, and formic acid.

5. Applications:

Incoloy UNS N08825 flanges are used in many industries where both corrosion resistance and high-
temperature strength are crucial. Some common applications include:

 Chemical Processing: Incoloy 825 is widely used in chemical reactors, heat exchangers,
tanks, and pipes in industries that deal with acids, alkalies, and high-temperature chemical
reactions.

 Oil and Gas: The alloy is used in offshore drilling, subsea equipment, and refinery
components, where exposure to chloride-containing and sulfuric environments is common.

 Nuclear Industry: Incoloy UNS N08825 is used in components for nuclear reactors, such as
steam generator tubing, due to its resistance to radiation-induced corrosion and high-
temperature environments.

 Power Generation: The material is used for boilers, turbine components, and reactor parts,
where exposure to high temperature and corrosive conditions is expected.

 Marine Industry: Due to its resistance to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking, Incoloy
UNS N08825 is used in marine environments, particularly in seawater heat exchangers.

 Waste Treatment: The alloy is used in waste incineration and flue gas desulfurization units,
where resistance to corrosive gases and acidic solutions is needed.

6. Flange Types:

Incoloy UNS N08825 flanges are available in various types to suit different application requirements:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): Commonly used for high-pressure and high-temperature
applications where welded joints are required.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): Suitable for lower-pressure systems where installation is simpler and
quicker.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the end of pipes or vessels in systems that do not require
flow through the component.

 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Ideal for small-diameter, high-pressure systems where the flange
is welded into place.
  Threaded Flanges (TH): Used where welding is not possible, allowing for easy assembly by
threading the flange onto the pipe.

7. Pressure Ratings and Size Range:

 Pressure Ratings: Incoloy UNS N08825 flanges are available in various pressure ratings,
typically ranging from Class 150 to Class 2500, depending on the application and the specific
flange type.

 Size Range: Flanges are available in sizes typically ranging from 1/2" to 24", although custom
sizes can be manufactured to meet specific needs.

8. Standards and Compliance:

 ASTM B425: This standard covers the material specifications for Incoloy 825, ensuring
proper chemical composition, mechanical properties, and other material characteristics.

 ASME B16.5: Provides the requirements for flange dimensions, pressure-temperature

ratings, and material specifications to ensure compatibility with other components in piping
systems.

 ISO 9001: Manufacturers of Incoloy UNS N08825 flanges are typically ISO 9001 certified,
ensuring consistent manufacturing quality and adherence to industry standards.

9. Weldability and Machinability:

 Weldability: Incoloy UNS N08825 has excellent weldability and can be welded using
standard techniques such as TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), and arc
welding. It generally does not require preheating, but post-weld heat treatment may be
necessary depending on the application.

 Machinability: Although Incoloy UNS N08825 is relatively more challenging to machine than
carbon steels, it can still be machined with conventional methods. The alloy is tough and
resistant to wear, so slower speeds and high-quality tools are recommended to avoid
excessive tool wear and heat generation during machining.

10. Advantages of Incoloy UNS N08825 Flanges:

 Corrosion Resistance: Exceptional resistance to a wide variety of corrosive media, including

sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, chlorides, and alkalies.

 High-Temperature Strength: Good strength retention at elevated temperatures, making it

suitable for high-temperature applications such as heat exchangers and reactors.

 Oxidation and Reducing Acid Resistance: Provides excellent protection in both oxidizing and
reducing environments, making it versatile for various industrial sectors.

 Stress Corrosion Resistance: Excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking, which is vital
for applications in marine and petrochemical industries.

 Weldability: Easy to weld without the need for preheating, making it a cost-effective choice
for welded applications.

11. Disadvantages of Incoloy UNS N08825 Flanges:

  Cost: As a high-performance alloy, Incoloy UNS N08825 is generally more expensive than
carbon steels and standard stainless steels, which may limit its use in cost-sensitive
applications.

 Machinability: While machinable, it is tougher than lower-alloy materials and can require
specialized equipment and processes to machine effectively.

Conclusion:

Incoloy UNS N08825 flanges are an excellent choice for applications that demand superior corrosion
resistance, high-temperature strength, and weldability. With its resistance to a wide range of
corrosive environments, including both oxidizing and reducing acids, it is well-suited for industries
such as chemical processing, oil and gas, power generation, and marine applications. Although
more expensive than some other alloys, its performance in harsh conditions justifies the investment
for critical components like heat exchangers, turbine parts, and chemical reactors.

Hastelloy UNS N06002 Flanges

Hastelloy UNS N06002 Flanges are components made from a high-performance alloy called
Hastelloy C-276, with UNS (Unified Numbering System) designation N06002. Hastelloy C-276 is a
nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy known for its excellent resistance to corrosion in harsh
environments, making it ideal for use in industries such as chemical processing, power generation,
and aerospace.

Here are key features of Hastelloy UNS N06002 Flanges:

1. Material Composition:

 Nickel (Ni): Approx. 57-63%

 Molybdenum (Mo): 15-17%

 Chromium (Cr): 14-16%

 Iron (Fe): Approx. 4-7%

 Tungsten (W): 3-4%

 Other elements: small amounts of cobalt, manganese, silicon, and carbon.

2. Properties:

 Corrosion Resistance: Excellent resistance to pitting, stress corrosion cracking, and general
corrosion in harsh conditions, particularly in acidic environments.
  High Temperature Strength: Good mechanical strength and resistance to oxidation at
elevated temperatures.

 Weldability: It has good weldability and can be easily fabricated into different shapes and
sizes, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.

 Durability: It is highly resistant to sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and other
corrosive chemicals.

3. Applications:

 Chemical processing plants: For piping, valves, and other components where corrosion
resistance is crucial.

 Flue gas desulfurization: In power plants to protect against sulfuric acid corrosion.

 Food and beverage industry: For equipment used in food and beverage processing.

 Aerospace and marine environments: For parts exposed to extreme environments.

4. Flange Types:

 Hastelloy UNS N06002 flanges are available in different types, including:

o Weld Neck Flanges (WN)

o Slip-On Flanges (SO)

o Blind Flanges (BL)

o Socket Weld Flanges (SW)

o Threaded Flanges (TH)

o Lap Joint Flanges (LJ)

 Flanges are typically manufactured according to standards such as ANSI, ASME, or API, and
may come with different pressure ratings like 150, 300, or 600.

5. Sizes and Standards:

 These flanges can be fabricated in various sizes, ranging from small-diameter to large-
diameter flanges.

 Hastelloy UNS N06002 flanges are commonly produced to ASTM B564 or ASTM B575
standards and are available in a range of pressure ratings and sizes as per customer
specifications.

6. Advantages:

 Superior corrosion resistance in a wide range of acidic and corrosive environments.

 High temperature tolerance compared to many other materials, making it suitable for high-
heat applications.

 Long service life due to its excellent resistance to wear and tear.
In summary, Hastelloy UNS N06002 flanges are highly durable and resistant to corrosion, making
them suitable for the most demanding industrial applications, especially where high temperatures
and aggressive chemicals are present.

Hastelloy UNS N06455 Flanges

Hastelloy UNS N06455 Flanges are made from a high-performance nickel-based alloy known as
Hastelloy C-22, with the Unified Numbering System (UNS) designation N06455. This alloy is
recognized for its exceptional resistance to corrosion, particularly in environments involving highly
oxidizing and reducing acids, making it suitable for use in aggressive and high-temperature
applications.

Key Features of Hastelloy UNS N06455 Flanges:

1. Material Composition:

 Nickel (Ni): Approx. 56-60%

 Chromium (Cr): Approx. 20-22%

 Molybdenum (Mo): Approx. 12-14%

 Iron (Fe): Approx. 4-6%

 Tungsten (W): Approx. 2-3%

 Other elements: small amounts of cobalt, manganese, silicon, and carbon.

2. Properties:

 Corrosion Resistance: Excellent resistance to localized corrosion, including pitting, crevice

corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. Hastelloy UNS N06455 is particularly resistant to
chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and other highly oxidizing environments.

 High-Temperature Strength: The alloy has good oxidation and high-temperature resistance,
which makes it ideal for use in demanding industries.

 Weldability: Hastelloy UNS N06455 is highly weldable and can be used in many fabricated
forms, including flanges, valves, and other fittings.

 Durability: It performs well under both reducing and oxidizing conditions, and its resistance
to a wide range of aggressive chemical environments increases its service life in harsh
conditions.

3. Applications:

 Chemical Processing Plants: Hastelloy UNS N06455 flanges are used in critical chemical
processing applications where corrosion resistance is essential.

 Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems: In power plants, it is commonly used in systems that deal
with sulfuric acid and other corrosive flue gas products.
  Marine and Aerospace: Due to its excellent resistance to corrosion, it is used in equipment
exposed to seawater or extreme environments.

 Food Processing and Pharmaceuticals: Where high cleanliness and corrosion resistance are
necessary for maintaining product integrity and safety.

4. Flange Types:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): Typically welded to a pipe for added strength and leak prevention.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): Slip over the pipe and then welded.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the end of a pipeline or pressure vessel.

 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Used in smaller diameters, ideal for high-pressure applications.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): Have threads for easy installation without welding.

 Lap Joint Flanges (LJ): Used in combination with a stub end for ease of assembly and
disassembly.

5. Size and Pressure Ratings:

 Hastelloy UNS N06455 flanges can be custom-made in various sizes, typically produced in
accordance with industry standards such as ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47, and API 6A, and are
available in multiple pressure ratings (e.g., 150, 300, 600).

 Available in different face types such as Raised Face (RF), Flat Face (FF), and Ring-Type Joint
(RTJ) to meet specific sealing requirements.

6. Advantages:

 Outstanding corrosion resistance in highly aggressive environments such as chlorine,

chlorine dioxide, and sulfuric acid.

 Excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking and pitting in both oxidizing and reducing
conditions.

 High resistance to high temperatures, making it suitable for applications involving hot acids
or other elevated temperature environments.

 Weldable and versatile, making it easy to fabricate into various flange types and sizes.

7. Standards and Compliance:

 Hastelloy UNS N06455 is produced in accordance with various global standards, including
ASTM B462, ASTM B574, and ASTM B564 for fittings and flanges. It is also commonly used in
compliance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) and ASME B31.3 for piping
systems.

Conclusion:

Hastelloy UNS N06455 flanges offer exceptional resistance to corrosion and high-temperature
stability, making them ideal for use in industries dealing with harsh chemical environments, such as
chemical processing, marine, power generation, and food processing. Their ability to withstand both
oxidizing and reducing conditions increases their value in applications where other materials might
fail.
 Hastelloy UNS N06622 Flanges
Hastelloy UNS N06622 Flanges are components made from Hastelloy C-22, which is a high-
performance, corrosion-resistant nickel-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy. The UNS N06622
designation specifically refers to Hastelloy C-22, a versatile alloy known for its excellent resistance to
a wide variety of aggressive environments, particularly in the chemical processing, marine, and
aerospace industries.

Key Features of Hastelloy UNS N06622 Flanges:

1. Material Composition:

 Nickel (Ni): Approx. 56-58%

 Chromium (Cr): Approx. 20-22%

 Molybdenum (Mo): Approx. 12-14%

 Tungsten (W): Approx. 2-3%

 Iron (Fe): Approx. 3-6%

 Other elements: Small amounts of cobalt, manganese, silicon, and carbon.

2. Properties:

 Corrosion Resistance:

o Excellent resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking.

o Very resistant to a wide range of acids and other corrosive media such as chlorine,
chlorine dioxide, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid.

o Performs well in both oxidizing and reducing environments.

 Weldability: Hastelloy C-22 has superb weldability and can be fabricated into various shapes
and sizes, including flanges, without losing its corrosion resistance. This makes it suitable for
applications requiring both mechanical strength and durability in harsh conditions.

 High Temperature Resistance: Good resistance to oxidation and high temperature

environments, making it suitable for elevated temperature applications (up to 1040°C or
1900°F in oxidizing conditions).

 Mechanical Strength: Provides good mechanical strength at high temperatures, making it

suitable for applications in demanding environments.

3. Applications:

 Chemical Processing Industries: Used for flanges, valves, and other components in
equipment exposed to corrosive chemicals, including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and
phosphoric acid.
  Marine and Offshore Industries: Ideal for seawater applications and environments exposed
to chlorine or other corrosive materials.

 Aerospace and Power Generation: Components subjected to high temperatures and

reactive environments.

 Pollution Control Systems: Used in flue gas desulfurization systems where sulfuric acid is
involved.

4. Flange Types:

Hastelloy UNS N06622 flanges are produced in various configurations, including:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): These are welded to pipes and provide strong, leak-proof
connections.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): These fit over the pipe and are welded for a simple, secure connection.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the ends of pipes or pressure vessels.

 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Used for small pipe sizes, offering a strong joint that doesn't
require threading.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): Flanges with internal threads for easy installation without the need
for welding.

 Lap Joint Flanges (LJ): Used in conjunction with a stub end, making disassembly and
reassembly easier.

5. Size and Pressure Ratings:

 These flanges can be manufactured in various sizes, with pressure ratings ranging from Class
150 to Class 2500 depending on the required application.

 Hastelloy UNS N06622 flanges are also available in a range of face types such as Raised Face
(RF), Flat Face (FF), and Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) for specific sealing requirements.

6. Advantages:

 Superior corrosion resistance in a wide variety of aggressive environments, including

reducing and oxidizing acids.

 Outstanding resistance to stress corrosion cracking and pitting, making it ideal for industries
with challenging conditions.

 High temperature performance that enables the alloy to withstand exposure to elevated
temperatures without degrading.

 Weldability and formability that make Hastelloy UNS N06622 flanges easy to fabricate and
maintain, offering flexibility in design.

7. Standards and Compliance:

 Hastelloy UNS N06622 flanges are typically manufactured to meet ASTM B564, ASTM B575,
and ASTM B462 standards, ensuring high-quality performance and reliability.
  It is often used in compliance with global standards such as ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47, and
ASME B31.3 for flanges in piping systems.

Conclusion:

Hastelloy UNS N06622 flanges (Hastelloy C-22) are ideal for applications requiring superior
resistance to a wide range of highly corrosive chemicals, pitting, crevice corrosion, and high
temperatures. Its excellent mechanical properties, weldability, and ability to resist stress corrosion
cracking make it one of the most versatile and durable materials for demanding industrial
applications. These flanges are essential in industries such as chemical processing, marine,
aerospace, and power generation where extreme environments are common.

Hastelloy UNS N10276 Flanges

Hastelloy UNS N10276 Flanges are made from Hastelloy C-276, a high-performance nickel-
chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy. The UNS N10276 designation corresponds specifically to
Hastelloy C-276, which is renowned for its superior resistance to a wide range of aggressive
environments, making it a preferred choice in industries where harsh conditions are prevalent, such
as chemical processing, power generation, and marine applications.

Key Features of Hastelloy UNS N10276 Flanges:

1. Material Composition:

 Nickel (Ni): 57-63%

 Chromium (Cr): 14-16%

 Molybdenum (Mo): 15-17%

 Tungsten (W): 3-4%

 Iron (Fe): Approx. 4-7%

 Cobalt (Co): Max. 2.5%

 Other elements: Small amounts of manganese, silicon, and carbon.

2. Properties:

 Corrosion Resistance:

o Excellent resistance to a wide variety of corrosive environments, including

chlorides, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and acetic acid.

o Exceptional resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking,

which are common issues in harsh chemical environments.

o Suitable for applications exposed to both oxidizing and reducing conditions.

 Weldability:
 o Hastelloy C-276 exhibits excellent weldability with minimal risk of post-weld
cracking, making it suitable for welded fabrications.

o Can be welded using common methods like TIG, MIG, and submerged arc welding,
retaining its high corrosion resistance after welding.

 High Temperature Strength:

o Good resistance to oxidation and high-temperature environments (up to about

1040°C or 1900°F).

o Maintains its strength and corrosion resistance even in high-temperature industrial

processes.

 Mechanical Strength: The alloy maintains good mechanical properties, including tensile and
yield strength, especially in high-temperature applications.

3. Applications:

Hastelloy UNS N10276 flanges are widely used in applications where extreme corrosion resistance is
required, such as:

 Chemical Processing: In reactors, piping systems, and heat exchangers handling aggressive
chemicals such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and chlorine.

 Power Generation: For components exposed to acidic environments in power plants, such
as flue gas desulfurization systems.

 Marine and Offshore: Used in seawater applications where corrosion from chlorine and
other salts is a concern.

 Food and Beverage Industries: Suitable for sanitary applications, particularly in processing
equipment where cleanliness and corrosion resistance are critical.

 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Used in the production of equipment exposed to aggressive

cleaning agents and high temperatures.

4. Flange Types:

Hastelloy UNS N10276 flanges are manufactured in various types depending on the specific
application, including:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): Ideal for high-pressure applications where the flange will be
welded to a pipe for strength and leak prevention.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): These fit over the pipe and are welded on both sides for a simple yet
strong connection.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to close the end of a pipeline or vessel, preventing leakage.

 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Suitable for small pipe sizes, these flanges allow for a strong
connection without threading.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): Have internal threads, making them easy to install without welding.

 Lap Joint Flanges (LJ): Used with a stub end for easy assembly and disassembly in systems
where frequent maintenance is needed.
5. Size and Pressure Ratings:

 Hastelloy UNS N10276 flanges are available in various sizes and pressure ratings, from Class
150 to Class 2500 depending on the specific needs.

 Common flange face types include Raised Face (RF), Flat Face (FF), and Ring-Type Joint (RTJ)
to match different sealing requirements.

 Sizes and pressure ratings are customizable based on project specifications.

6. Advantages:

 Superior corrosion resistance in a wide variety of aggressive chemical environments,

including both oxidizing and reducing acids.

 Long-term durability and reliability in applications requiring resistance to pitting, crevice

corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking.

 Excellent weldability ensures that the material can be easily fabricated into flanges and
other components.

 High resistance to high-temperature oxidation and mechanical stress, making it ideal for
use in industrial applications where both corrosive and thermal resistance are crucial.

 Ease of fabrication and availability in various flange types provide flexibility in engineering
designs.

7. Standards and Compliance:

 Hastelloy UNS N10276 is typically manufactured according to industry standards like ASTM
B564, ASTM B575, and ASTM B462 for flanges and fittings.

 Compliance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) and ASME B31.3 for piping
systems is common for applications requiring stringent quality and safety standards.

Conclusion:

Hastelloy UNS N10276 flanges (Hastelloy C-276) are an excellent choice for applications that
demand high resistance to corrosion, high temperatures, and mechanical stress. Their versatility in
extreme environments makes them ideal for industries such as chemical processing, power
generation, marine, and food processing. Their exceptional resistance to a wide range of chemicals
and their superior mechanical properties ensures reliable performance in the most challenging
conditions.

Hastelloy UNS N10665 Flanges

Hastelloy UNS N10665 Flanges are made from Hastelloy C-4, a high-performance, nickel-based alloy
designed for excellent resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments. The UNS N10665
designation specifically refers to Hastelloy C-4, which is a solid solution-strengthened alloy
containing nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. It is particularly noted for its resistance to oxidation
and pitting in both high-temperature and chemically aggressive environments.
Key Features of Hastelloy UNS N10665 Flanges:

1. Material Composition:

 Nickel (Ni): 58.0-63.0%

 Chromium (Cr): 15.0-17.0%

 Molybdenum (Mo): 4.0-6.0%

 Iron (Fe): 2.0-5.0%

 Cobalt (Co): Max. 2.0%

 Tungsten (W): Approx. 3.0-4.0%

 Other elements: small amounts of manganese, silicon, and carbon.

2. Properties:

 Corrosion Resistance:

o Hastelloy UNS N10665 (C-4) has outstanding resistance to a wide range of corrosive
substances, including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and
phosphoric acid.

o Excellent resistance to oxidizing environments, pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress

corrosion cracking.

o Good performance in reducing and oxidizing conditions, making it ideal for

applications where the environment can vary.

 High-Temperature Strength:

o Hastelloy C-4 maintains its strength and corrosion resistance at high temperatures,
making it suitable for applications involving heat (up to 1040°C or 1900°F).

 Weldability:

o It is easy to weld using various methods (TIG, MIG, etc.), and the alloy retains its
corrosion-resistant properties even after welding.

o Excellent weldability with minimal risk of post-weld cracking and degradation of

mechanical properties.

 Mechanical Properties:

o It has good tensile strength and yield strength at both room and elevated
temperatures, which is crucial for high-stress applications.

3. Applications:

Hastelloy UNS N10665 flanges are used in a variety of industries and applications where high
corrosion resistance and high-temperature stability are required:

 Chemical Processing:
 o Ideal for use in reactors, piping systems, heat exchangers, and other equipment
exposed to corrosive chemicals such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and
hydrogen fluoride.

 Flue Gas Desulfurization:

o Used in power plants to control sulfur emissions, handling acidic gases and slurries.

 Marine Environments:

o Common in seawater applications, offering resistance to chlorine and other

corrosive agents found in marine environments.

 Food Processing and Pharmaceuticals:

o Applied in the production of food, beverages, and pharmaceuticals, where corrosion

resistance and sanitary conditions are critical.

 Aerospace:

o Used in aerospace applications for components exposed to high temperatures and

aggressive environments.

4. Flange Types:

Hastelloy UNS N10665 flanges are available in different types depending on the application,
including:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): Ideal for high-pressure applications, providing a strong, leak-proof
joint when welded to pipes.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): Easy to install, they slide over the pipe and are welded on both sides.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the end of a pipeline or pressure vessel, preventing leakage.

 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Common in small-diameter pipes, these flanges offer a secure
connection without the need for threading.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): Have internal threads for easy installation without welding.

 Lap Joint Flanges (LJ): Used with a stub end for ease of disassembly and reassembly in
systems that require maintenance.

5. Size and Pressure Ratings:

 Hastelloy UNS N10665 flanges come in various sizes, from small to large diameter, to meet
specific application needs.

 Pressure ratings typically range from Class 150 to Class 2500, depending on the
requirements for high-pressure systems.

 Flanges can be manufactured to meet standards such as ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47, and API
6A.

6. Advantages:
  Superior Corrosion Resistance: Offers exceptional protection against a wide range of highly
corrosive substances.

 Excellent Resistance to High-Temperature Oxidation: Performs well in environments with

high temperatures, including those with acidic or oxidizing gases.

 Ease of Fabrication and Welding: Allows for ease of manufacturing into various flange types
and other components without sacrificing its corrosion resistance or mechanical properties.

 Versatile: Suitable for many different industries, including chemical processing, power
generation, marine, and aerospace.

7. Standards and Compliance:

 Hastelloy UNS N10665 flanges are typically manufactured in compliance with standards
such as ASTM B564, ASTM B575, and ASTM B462.

 They also meet the requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) and
ASME B31.3 for piping systems.

Conclusion:

Hastelloy UNS N10665 flanges (Hastelloy C-4) are highly durable and corrosion-resistant
components ideal for use in industries and applications where exposure to corrosive chemicals, high
temperatures, and mechanical stress is common. Their superior performance in a wide range of
corrosive environments, along with excellent weldability and high-temperature strength, makes
them an excellent choice for demanding industrial applications such as chemical processing, power
generation, and marine industries.

Hastelloy UNS N10675 Flanges

Hastelloy UNS N10675 Flanges are made from Hastelloy C-2000, a high-performance, nickel-
chromium-molybdenum-copper alloy that offers superior resistance to a wide range of aggressive
environments, including those that involve oxidizing, reducing, and high-temperature conditions.
The UNS N10675 designation refers to Hastelloy C-2000, a versatile alloy that is especially resistant
to stress corrosion cracking, pitting, and crevice corrosion, making it ideal for demanding chemical
and industrial applications.

Key Features of Hastelloy UNS N10675 Flanges:

1. Material Composition:

 Nickel (Ni): 58.5-63.0%

 Chromium (Cr): 20.0-23.0%

 Molybdenum (Mo): 4.0-5.0%

 Copper (Cu): 0.5-1.5%

 Iron (Fe): 3.0-5.0%

  Manganese (Mn): 0.5-1.0%

 Cobalt (Co): Max. 2.5%

 Tungsten (W): 3.0-4.0%

 Other elements: Small amounts of silicon, carbon, and phosphorus.

2. Properties:

 Corrosion Resistance:

o Hastelloy UNS N10675 offers excellent resistance to a wide range of corrosive

environments, including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic
acid, chlorine, and seawater.

o Superior resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking.

o Performs well in environments that are both oxidizing and reducing, making it
highly versatile.

 High-Temperature Strength:

o The alloy offers excellent resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures (up to

1040°C or 1900°F).

o Maintains strength in high-temperature environments, which makes it suitable for

use in processes with thermal cycling.

 Weldability:

o Hastelloy UNS N10675 has excellent weldability with minimal risk of post-weld
cracking, allowing it to be easily welded using various techniques, including TIG and
MIG welding.

 Mechanical Properties:

o The material has good tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation properties,
ensuring its stability and durability under mechanical stress.

3. Applications:

Hastelloy UNS N10675 flanges are ideal for industries where corrosion resistance, high-temperature
performance, and mechanical strength are critical:

 Chemical Processing:

o Commonly used in reactors, piping, heat exchangers, and other systems dealing with
harsh chemicals like sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and chlorine.

 Power Generation:

o Widely used in flue gas desulfurization systems where sulfuric acid and other
corrosive substances are present.

 Marine and Offshore:

 o Suitable for seawater systems and other offshore applications that require
resistance to chloride-induced corrosion.

 Food and Pharmaceutical:

o Used in sanitary equipment and processing systems where cleanliness and

resistance to corrosive cleaning agents are important.

 Aerospace and High-Temperature Applications:

o Excellent for applications that involve high temperatures and reactive environments,
such as gas turbines and other aerospace components.

4. Flange Types:

Hastelloy UNS N10675 flanges are available in various types to suit different applications:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): These flanges are welded to pipes and provide a strong, leak-
resistant connection.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): These flanges slip over the pipe and are welded on both sides for a
secure connection.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the end of a pipeline or pressure vessel.

 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Often used in smaller diameter pipes, these flanges offer a
strong, leak-proof connection.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): Have internal threads for easy installation without welding.

 Lap Joint Flanges (LJ): Used with a stub end for easier disassembly and reassembly,
particularly in systems that require frequent maintenance.

5. Size and Pressure Ratings:

 Hastelloy UNS N10675 flanges are available in a wide range of sizes and pressure ratings,
commonly from Class 150 to Class 2500 depending on the application.

 Common face types include Raised Face (RF), Flat Face (FF), and Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) to
accommodate different sealing requirements.

6. Advantages:

 Excellent corrosion resistance in both reducing and oxidizing environments, including

against highly aggressive chemicals like sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and chlorine.

 High-temperature resistance allows for use in applications involving heat or high-

temperature conditions without significant material degradation.

 Good weldability ensures easy fabrication into flanges and other components, maintaining
the integrity of the material.

 Mechanical strength under high pressure and temperature, ensuring long-lasting

performance even in harsh conditions.

 Versatile applications in chemical processing, power generation, marine, aerospace, and

many other industries.
7. Standards and Compliance:

 Hastelloy UNS N10675 flanges are typically manufactured to meet industry standards such
as ASTM B564, ASTM B575, and ASTM B462.

 These flanges are also produced in compliance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
(BPVC) and ASME B31.3 for piping systems.

Conclusion:

Hastelloy UNS N10675 flanges (Hastelloy C-2000) are ideal for applications in industries where
corrosion resistance, high temperature stability, and mechanical strength are crucial. With its
exceptional ability to withstand both oxidizing and reducing conditions, as well as its superior
resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking, Hastelloy UNS N10675
flanges are essential in applications ranging from chemical processing to power generation, marine,
and aerospace. Their weldability and durability make them a preferred choice for demanding
industrial environments.

Cupro Nickel UNS C71500 Flanges

Cupro Nickel UNS C71500 Flanges are made from a copper-nickel alloy, specifically Cupro Nickel
90/10 (90% copper and 10% nickel), designated as UNS C71500. This alloy offers excellent corrosion
resistance, especially in seawater and other marine environments, making it ideal for applications
where both strength and resistance to corrosion are essential.

Key Features of Cupro Nickel UNS C71500 Flanges:

1. Material Composition:

 Copper (Cu): 90%

 Nickel (Ni): 10%

 Iron (Fe): Max. 1%

 Manganese (Mn): Max. 1%

 Other elements: Small amounts of silicon, lead, and phosphorus.

2. Properties:

 Corrosion Resistance:

o UNS C71500 provides excellent resistance to seawater, marine environments, and

corrosive chemicals such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid.

o Resistant to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking in chloride-

containing environments, making it a perfect choice for seawater cooling systems,
heat exchangers, and other marine applications.

 Resistance to Biofouling:
 o The alloy offers natural resistance to biofouling (the accumulation of marine
organisms) in seawater, which makes it suitable for applications in the marine and
offshore sectors.

 Strength and Ductility:

o Cupro Nickel UNS C71500 offers a good balance of strength and ductility. It is tough,
which makes it resilient under high pressure and temperature conditions.

 Weldability:

o Excellent weldability through common methods such as TIG and MIG welding, and it
maintains its corrosion-resistant properties after welding.

3. Applications:

Cupro Nickel UNS C71500 flanges are ideal for environments where corrosion resistance in
seawater and marine applications is crucial:

 Marine Industry:

o Seawater cooling systems in ships, submarines, offshore platforms, and marine

power plants.

o Heat exchangers and condensers used in seawater applications.

 Offshore Oil and Gas:

o Piping systems and equipment in offshore platforms exposed to corrosive seawater.

 Desalination Plants:

o Components used in water desalination processes, which often involve highly

corrosive seawater environments.

 Chemical Processing:

o Equipment exposed to mild corrosive chemicals, such as sulfuric acid and

hydrochloric acid, in the processing industry.

 Power Generation:

o Heat exchangers, condensers, and other systems exposed to corrosive elements in

power plants.

4. Flange Types:

Cupro Nickel UNS C71500 flanges come in various types depending on the application:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): Suitable for high-pressure applications, the flange is welded to the
pipe, creating a smooth, leak-resistant connection.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): These flanges slip over the pipe and are welded on both sides, making
them easy to install and remove.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the end of a pipeline or pressure vessel, preventing leakage.
  Socket Weld Flanges (SW): These flanges are commonly used for smaller-diameter pipes
and provide a strong, leak-proof connection.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): Have internal threads and can be screwed onto the pipe without
welding.

 Lap Joint Flanges (LJ): Designed to work with stub ends, making them easy to install and
disassemble for maintenance.

5. Size and Pressure Ratings:

 Cupro Nickel UNS C71500 flanges are available in various sizes and pressure ratings, ranging
from Class 150 to Class 2500 depending on the system's needs.

 Flange face types commonly used include Raised Face (RF), Flat Face (FF), and Ring-Type
Joint (RTJ) for different sealing requirements.

6. Advantages:

 Superior resistance to seawater corrosion and other marine and chemical environments,
ensuring long-lasting durability in offshore and coastal applications.

 Strong resistance to biofouling makes it an excellent material for marine environments,

reducing the need for frequent maintenance.

 Good weldability and fabrication ease allow for versatile designs in various systems, from
large ships to industrial power plants.

 High mechanical strength ensures that the flanges and other components can withstand
high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, providing reliable performance over time.

7. Standards and Compliance:

 Cupro Nickel UNS C71500 flanges typically conform to industry standards such as ASTM
B564, ASTM B468, and ASTM B127.

 They also comply with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) and ASME B31.3 for
piping systems, ensuring their quality and safety in critical applications.

Conclusion:

Cupro Nickel UNS C71500 flanges are ideal for use in applications where corrosion resistance to
seawater, high-pressure conditions, and marine environments is essential. Their excellent
performance in seawater systems, biofouling resistance, and weldability make them the preferred
choice for industries such as marine, offshore oil and gas, power generation, and chemical
processing. The combination of strength, corrosion resistance, and ease of fabrication ensures these
flanges are highly durable and reliable for long-term performance in harsh environments.

Cupro Nickel UNS C70600 Flanges

Cupro Nickel UNS C70600 Flanges are made from Cupro Nickel 70/30 (70% copper and 30% nickel),
a high-performance alloy commonly used in marine and industrial applications where corrosion
resistance, particularly in seawater environments, is critical. The UNS C70600 designation refers to
this specific copper-nickel alloy, which is highly resistant to a range of aggressive environments,
including chloride-containing solutions like seawater.

Key Features of Cupro Nickel UNS C70600 Flanges:

1. Material Composition:

 Copper (Cu): 70%

 Nickle (Ni): 30%

 Iron (Fe): Max. 1%

 Manganese (Mn): Max. 1.5%

 Other elements: Small amounts of silicon, lead, and phosphorus.

2. Properties:

 Corrosion Resistance:

o UNS C70600 offers excellent corrosion resistance to seawater, marine

environments, and a wide variety of corrosive chemicals. It is highly resistant to
pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride-containing environments, which is one of
the main reasons it's used in marine and offshore industries.

o The alloy also resists biofouling (the accumulation of marine organisms), which
further enhances its suitability for applications in seawater systems.

o Exceptional stress corrosion cracking resistance in seawater and other aggressive

environments.

 Strength and Ductility:

o Cupro Nickel UNS C70600 combines good mechanical properties with high ductility
and strength. The alloy's ability to withstand stress and strain under pressure makes
it suitable for high-pressure applications.

 Weldability:

o Excellent weldability with standard welding techniques like TIG, MIG, and stick
welding, making it easy to fabricate into flanges and other components without
compromising the corrosion-resistant properties.

 Thermal Conductivity:

o The alloy has high thermal conductivity, which makes it ideal for applications in heat
exchangers and cooling systems.

3. Applications:

Cupro Nickel UNS C70600 flanges are used in industries and applications where corrosion resistance
to seawater, biofouling resistance, and strength are essential:
  Marine Industry:

o Seawater cooling systems in ships, submarines, and marine power plants.

o Heat exchangers, condensers, and desalination equipment exposed to seawater.

 Offshore Oil and Gas:

o Components exposed to seawater in offshore platforms, where resistance to

chloride-induced corrosion and biofouling is critical.

 Power Generation:

o Used in cooling systems and other equipment exposed to corrosive environments,

such as cooling water systems and condensers.

 Chemical Processing:

o Handling equipment for mildly corrosive chemicals, where corrosion resistance and
strength are required.

 Marine Construction:

o Components such as piping, valves, and fittings exposed to seawater in marine

construction projects.

4. Flange Types:

Cupro Nickel UNS C70600 flanges are available in various types to meet specific needs:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): These flanges are welded to pipes and provide a strong, leak-
resistant connection.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): These flanges are slipped over the pipe and welded in place. They are
easy to install and remove, making them convenient for applications that require
maintenance.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the end of a pipeline or pressure vessel to prevent leakage.

 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Commonly used in smaller-diameter piping systems where a
secure, leak-resistant connection is needed.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): These flanges have internal threads that allow them to be screwed
onto the pipe without welding.

 Lap Joint Flanges (LJ): Used with a stub end, these flanges are easier to install and remove,
often used in systems requiring maintenance.

5. Size and Pressure Ratings:

 Cupro Nickel UNS C70600 flanges are available in a wide range of sizes and pressure ratings,
from Class 150 to Class 2500, depending on the requirements for your application.

 Flange face types include Raised Face (RF), Flat Face (FF), and Ring-Type Joint (RTJ),
depending on the sealing needs.

6. Advantages:
  Superior corrosion resistance in seawater and marine environments, making it the material
of choice for marine and offshore applications.

 Excellent resistance to biofouling, reducing the need for frequent maintenance in seawater
systems.

 Good mechanical properties with high ductility and strength, ensuring reliable performance
in high-pressure applications.

 Ease of fabrication and welding, maintaining the material's corrosion resistance after
welding.

 Versatility in various industries, including marine, power generation, and chemical

processing.

7. Standards and Compliance:

 Cupro Nickel UNS C70600 flanges typically conform to industry standards such as ASTM
B564, ASTM B127, and ASTM B68 for copper alloys.

 These flanges also comply with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) and ASME
B31.3 for piping systems, ensuring that they meet the necessary safety and quality
standards.

Conclusion:

Cupro Nickel UNS C70600 flanges (Cupro Nickel 70/30) are essential for applications that require
corrosion resistance to seawater, biofouling resistance, and the ability to withstand harsh
environmental conditions, especially in marine and offshore industries. Their strength, weldability,
and thermal conductivity make them an excellent choice for seawater cooling systems, heat
exchangers, and desalination plants. Their resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress
corrosion cracking ensures long-lasting performance in critical applications, providing reliable and
durable solutions for many industries.

UNS N08020 Flanges

UNS N08020 Flanges are made from Alloy 20, also known as UNS N08020, a high-performance alloy
primarily composed of nickel, chromium, and iron, with smaller amounts of molybdenum, copper,
and titanium. This alloy is specifically designed to provide excellent resistance to corrosive
environments, particularly in sulfuric acid, chlorides, and other aggressive chemicals, making it
highly suitable for chemical processing and other harsh industrial applications.

Key Features of UNS N08020 Flanges:

1. Material Composition:

 Nickel (Ni): 32-38%

 Chromium (Cr): 19-21%

 Iron (Fe): Balance (typically about 40-50%)

  Molybdenum (Mo): 2-3%

 Copper (Cu): 3-4%

 Carbon (C): Max. 0.05%

 Manganese (Mn): 2%

 Silicon (Si): 1%

 Titanium (Ti): 0.6-1%

2. Properties:

 Corrosion Resistance:

o UNS N08020 provides excellent resistance to a variety of corrosive substances

including sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, chlorides, and chlorine. It also
resists pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking, especially in
chloride-rich environments.

o Highly resistant to intergranular corrosion, which is a common concern in materials

exposed to high temperatures and corrosive environments.

 High-Temperature Performance:

o UNS N08020 can withstand temperatures up to 1000°F (537°C), retaining its

strength and resistance to corrosion.

o Excellent resistance to oxidation in high-temperature environments, making it

suitable for applications with varying temperature conditions.

 Weldability:

o UNS N08020 offers good weldability using conventional welding techniques,

including TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), and stick welding. The
alloy retains its corrosion resistance after welding, reducing the need for post-weld
treatments.

 Mechanical Strength:

o It has good tensile strength and yield strength, making it suitable for high-pressure
applications where strength is required.

3. Applications:

UNS N08020 Flanges are used in industries where corrosion resistance to aggressive chemicals and
high-temperature environments is essential. Key applications include:

 Chemical Processing:

o Used in reactors, heat exchangers, piping systems, and other equipment exposed to
sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and other corrosive chemicals.

 Pharmaceutical Industry:
 o Equipment for handling aggressive cleaning agents and chemicals used in
pharmaceutical manufacturing.

 Food Processing:

o Handling systems that involve acidic environments, such as vinegar production and
other food-grade chemicals.

 Petrochemical and Oil & Gas:

o Applications in environments where the materials come into contact with sulfuric
acid, hydrochloric acid, and other chemical substances commonly used in
petrochemical processing.

 Marine Applications:

o Equipment used in harsh marine environments where chlorides can cause significant
corrosion to other materials.

 Power Generation:

o Used in systems exposed to aggressive chemicals, including cooling water systems

and flue gas desulfurization systems.

4. Flange Types:

UNS N08020 flanges are available in various types to accommodate different application needs:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): These flanges are welded to pipes, providing a smooth transition
and strong connection.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): These flanges slip over the pipe and are welded in place, offering an
easier installation method.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to seal the end of a pipeline or pressure vessel, preventing leakage.

 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): These are used in smaller diameter piping systems where a
strong, leak-proof connection is required.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): Feature internal threads for screwing onto the pipe without welding,
ideal for small-diameter applications.

 Lap Joint Flanges (LJ): These are typically used in systems that require frequent disassembly
for maintenance, where a stub end is used with the flange.

5. Size and Pressure Ratings:

 UNS N08020 flanges come in a wide variety of sizes and pressure ratings, typically from
Class 150 to Class 2500 depending on the application.

 The most common flange face types include Raised Face (RF), Flat Face (FF), and Ring-Type
Joint (RTJ) to ensure proper sealing.

6. Advantages:

 Superior corrosion resistance in aggressive environments such as sulfuric acid, chlorides,

and phosphoric acid.
  High strength and resilience in both high-temperature and high-pressure environments.

 Excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking, making it ideal for use in chemical
processing, power generation, and marine environments.

 Good weldability ensures ease of fabrication and maintains corrosion resistance after
welding.

 Versatile applications across many industries, from chemical processing to pharmaceuticals

and marine.

7. Standards and Compliance:

 UNS N08020 flanges typically conform to industry standards such as ASTM B462, ASTM
B564, ASTM B467, and ASME B16.5 for materials and flange design.

 These flanges are also compliant with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) and
ASME B31.3 for piping systems, ensuring they meet safety and quality standards.

Conclusion:

UNS N08020 flanges (Alloy 20) are a key material choice for chemical processing, pharmaceutical,
petrochemical, and marine applications that demand exceptional corrosion resistance to aggressive
chemicals and harsh environments. The alloy's ability to resist pitting, crevice corrosion, stress
corrosion cracking, and its excellent high-temperature properties make UNS N08020 flanges an
excellent solution for demanding industrial systems. Whether used in heat exchangers, reactors, or
seawater systems, these flanges provide durability, reliability, and performance under challenging
conditions.

SMO UNS S31254 Flanges

SMO UNS S31254 Flanges are made from SMO 254, a high-alloy stainless steel grade that offers
exceptional corrosion resistance, particularly in chloride-rich environments. The UNS S31254
designation refers to the material's alloy composition and its classification in the Unified Numbering
System. SMO 254 is commonly used in applications requiring resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion,
and stress corrosion cracking.

Key Features of SMO UNS S31254 Flanges:

1. Material Composition:

 Chromium (Cr): 20-22%

 Nickel (Ni): 18-20%

 Molybdenum (Mo): 6-6.5%

 Iron (Fe): Balance

 Copper (Cu): 0.5% max

 Nitrogen (N): 0.18-0.22%

  Manganese (Mn): 1-2%

 Silicon (Si): 0.8% max

 Carbon (C): 0.02% max

 Phosphorus (P): 0.03% max

 Sulfur (S): 0.02% max

2. Properties:

 Corrosion Resistance:

o SMO UNS S31254 has outstanding resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in
environments rich in chlorides, such as seawater, brine, and acids. This makes it
highly effective in marine and offshore applications.

o The high molybdenum content (6-6.5%) enhances its resistance to chloride-induced

stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and pitting corrosion, making it suitable for
applications where other stainless steels might fail.

 High Strength:

o The alloy combines high mechanical strength with ductility, making it suitable for
both high-pressure and high-temperature applications.

 Weldability:

o SMO UNS S31254 is highly weldable using most common welding methods,
including TIG, MIG, and stick welding. Post-weld annealing is not typically required
due to its excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion.

 Resistance to Oxidation:

o The alloy has good resistance to oxidation at high temperatures (up to 1000°F or
537°C), ensuring it performs well in environments where other alloys might degrade.

 Durability:

o Exceptional long-term durability in aggressive environments, including exposure to

seawater, acids, and sulfuric acid. Its resistance to biofouling and other forms of
corrosion makes it ideal for harsh industrial environments.

3. Applications:

SMO UNS S31254 flanges are widely used in industries where materials are exposed to severe
corrosion in aggressive environments. Common applications include:

 Marine Industry:

o Seawater cooling systems, heat exchangers, piping systems, and desalination

plants, where the material's resistance to corrosion in saltwater environments is
vital.

 Offshore Oil & Gas:

 o Offshore platforms, subsea equipment, heat exchangers, and cooling systems
exposed to seawater, brine, and other aggressive chemicals.

 Chemical Processing:

o Used in acid production, chemical reactors, and corrosive chemical transportation

systems where resistance to acids, especially sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, is
crucial.

 Food and Beverage Industry:

o Equipment handling acidic food products, such as in vinegar production and

processing of acidic beverages.

 Power Generation:

o Cooling systems, heat exchangers, and other components exposed to aggressive

fluids, especially in nuclear power plants and petrochemical power plants.

 Pharmaceutical Industry:

o Systems used for the production and transportation of highly corrosive chemicals.

4. Flange Types:

SMO UNS S31254 flanges come in various designs depending on the specific application
requirements:

 Weld Neck Flanges (WN): These flanges provide a smooth connection when welded to a
pipe, ensuring minimal stress concentration and preventing leakage in high-pressure
systems.

 Slip-On Flanges (SO): These flanges are easy to install by slipping over the pipe and welding
them in place. They are suitable for general applications.

 Blind Flanges (BL): Used to close the end of a piping system, blocking off the flow of
materials.

 Socket Weld Flanges (SW): Typically used for smaller pipe sizes, these flanges are designed
to be welded directly to the pipe, offering strong, leak-resistant connections.

 Threaded Flanges (TH): These flanges feature internal threads that allow them to be
screwed onto a pipe without welding, ideal for small-bore pipes or in systems where welding
is not an option.

 Lap Joint Flanges (LJ): These are used in combination with a stub end and are easy to
assemble and disassemble for maintenance.

5. Size and Pressure Ratings:

 SMO UNS S31254 flanges are available in a wide range of sizes and pressure ratings. The
most common ratings include Class 150, Class 300, Class 600, and Class 2500, depending on
the required pressure handling and application.

 Flange face types include Raised Face (RF), Flat Face (FF), and Ring-Type Joint (RTJ), which
are chosen depending on sealing requirements.
6. Advantages:

 Superior resistance to chloride-induced pitting and crevice corrosion, making it the material
of choice for marine, offshore, and other high-corrosion applications.

 Exceptional mechanical strength and ductility, ensuring good performance even under high-
pressure conditions.

 High resistance to biofouling, ensuring long-term performance in seawater systems.

 Good weldability and ease of fabrication, which ensures that the material retains its
excellent corrosion properties after welding.

 Excellent resistance to high-temperature oxidation and corrosion in aggressive industrial

environments.

7. Standards and Compliance:

 SMO UNS S31254 flanges generally comply with industry standards such as ASTM A240,
ASTM A182, ASME B16.5, and ASME B16.47, ensuring they meet the necessary safety,
quality, and performance criteria for pressure-containing components.

 They are also compliant with NACE MR0175/ISO 15156, which makes them suitable for sour
gas applications in the oil and gas industry.

Conclusion:

SMO UNS S31254 flanges are designed for applications that require superior corrosion resistance to
chloride-rich environments, making them ideal for marine, offshore, chemical processing, and
power generation industries. With excellent resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress
corrosion cracking, as well as high strength and ductility, SMO UNS S31254 offers reliable
performance in harsh conditions. Whether used in seawater cooling systems, acid production, or
desalination plants, SMO UNS S31254 flanges provide long-lasting durability, helping to ensure the
safety and efficiency of critical systems exposed to aggressive chemicals and environments.