Experiment 7 Lab Manual

American International University - Bangladesh

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
EEE 2102: Electrical Circuits 2 (AC) Laboratory

Title: Analysis of Parallel Resonance in an RLC Parallel Circuit.

Abstract:

A resonant circuit, also known as a tuned circuit, is composed of an inductor and a capacitor, along
with a voltage or current source. This circuit is considered one of the most important in electrical and
electronic engineering. For instance, a resonant circuit, in its various forms, is used to select a specific
radio or television signal from the numerous signals that surround us at any given time.

Resonance in a network occurs when the voltage and current at the network's input terminals are in
phase, and the input impedance of the network becomes purely resistive. In the case of an RLC
parallel circuit, the resonance is more complex than that of a series resonance. The resonant frequency
can be defined in three distinct ways, all of which result in the same expression as the series resonant
frequency, provided the circuit's resistance is small.

Introduction:

Parallel resonance is defined as the condition that occurs when circuit elements are connected with
their inductance and capacitance in parallel, causing the impedance of the combination to reach a
maximum at the resonant frequency. In many ways, the parallel resonance circuit is similar to the
series resonance circuit examined in experiment #5. Both circuits are three-element networks that
contain two reactive components, making them second-order circuits. Both are affected by variations
in the supply frequency, and both have a frequency point where the two reactive components cancel
each other out, influencing the circuit's characteristics. A resonant frequency point is present in both
circuits.

Parallel resonance is a resonance condition typically observed in parallel resonant circuits, where the
voltage reaches a maximum for a given current. Since it is a parallel resonance, the impedance is
high, and the inrush surge current is relatively low compared to a simple capacitor. The basic parallel-
resonant circuit is illustrated in Fig. 1. In this experiment, interest is focused on observing how the
amplitude and phase angle of the output voltage, vary with the frequency of the sinusoidal input
voltage source. A typical parallel resonance curve is depicted in Fig. 2.

vi(t) = Vmsinwt R L C

B
Figure 1: An RLC parallel circuit for resonance

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 Experiment 7 Lab Manual

Figure 2: A typical RLC parallel resonance curve with its associated parameters

Theory and Methodology:

The complex admittance of this circuit is given by adding up the admittances of the components:

1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + = + 𝑗𝜔𝐶 +
𝑍 𝑍! 𝑍" 𝑍# 𝑗𝜔𝐿 𝑅

The change from a series arrangement to a parallel arrangement results in the circuit having a peak
in impedance at resonance rather than a minimum, so the circuit is an anti-resonator. The graph in
Fig. 2 shows that there is a minimum in the frequency response of the current at resonance when the
circuit is driven by a constant voltage. The angular resonance frequency is given by-
1
𝜔∘ =
√𝐿𝐶
On the other hand, if the circuit is driven by a constant current source, there would be a maximum in
the voltage, which would follow the same curve as the current in the series circuit.
Let us consider that 𝐼% = 𝐼& cos(𝜔𝑡) and 𝑉' = 𝑉& cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃) then we may write-

𝐼&
𝑉& =
(
4 1( + 5𝜔𝐶 − 1 7
𝑅 𝜔𝐿
*
and 𝜃 = −𝑡𝑎𝑛)* :𝑅 5𝜔𝐶 − +!7;.
The ±3 dB frequencies are given by-
1 ( 1 1
𝜔(,* = <: ; + ±
2𝑅𝐶 𝐿𝐶 2𝑅𝐶
The bandwidth is given by-
*
𝐵 = 𝜔( − 𝜔* = #"

The quality factor is given by-

𝜔' 𝐶
𝑄= = 𝑅<
𝐵 𝐿

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 Experiment 7 Lab Manual

Circuit Diagrams:

Figure 3: Resonance to obtained by varying frequency

Figure 4: Resonance to obtained by varying inductance

Figure 5: Resonance to obtained by varying capacitance

Equipment list

• Oscilloscope
• Function generator
• Resistor: 100 W (1), 100 W (2).
• Inductor: 2.4 mH
• Capacitor: 1 µF
• Decade inductor box.
• Decade capacitor box.
• Connecting wire.
• Bread board
© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 3
 Experiment 7 Lab Manual

Procedures:

1. Use the digital ohmmeter to measure the internal resistance of the inductor used and the function
generator.
2. RS = ________Ω. RL =________ Ω
3. Construct the circuit as shown in the Fig. 3. Connect channel 1 of the oscilloscope across function
generator and channel 2 of the oscilloscope across R.
4. Set the amplitude of the input signal 10 V peak to peak and the frequency at 1 kHz. Select the
sinusoidal wave shape.
5. See the waves in dual mode or X-Y mode. Gradually increase the frequency and locate the point
where phase difference of the waves is zero, that both wave shapes are in phase. This is our
resonance frequency point.
6. Now for different values of frequency determine the value of I, IL, and IC. Complete Table 1.

Table 1: Parallel resonance by varying frequency [L = 2.4 mH, C = 1 μF]

f (kHz) I(ma) IL(ma) IC(ma)
1 90.63 69.043 37.236
2 107.5 66.6 54.56
3.248 112.24 62.4 62.5
4 111.3 59.55 64.69
5 108.4 55.5 66.4

1. Now construct the circuit as shown in the Fig. 4.

2. Set the amplitude of the input signal 10 V peak to peak and the frequency at 1 kHz. Select
sinusoidal wave shape.
3. Set L = 0 and measure values of I, IL, and IC.
4. Gradually increase L and measure values of I, IL, and IC for each L. Complete Table 2.
5. Theoretically draw the circle diagram for varying L and verify whether your measured values are
on the circle or not.

Table 2: Parallel resonance by varying inductance [f = 1 kHz, C = 1 μF]

L(mH) I(ma) IL(ma) IC(ma)
0 95.03 69.8 37.23
10 70.01 59.23 37.33
20 47.16 43.65 37.45
30 35.48 32.89 37.52
40 30.56 25.96 37.55

1. Now construct the circuit as shown in the Fig. 5.

2. Set the amplitude of the input signal 10 V peak to peak and the frequency at 1 kHz. Select
sinusoidal wave shape.
3. Set C = 0 and measure values of I, IL, and IC.
4. Gradually increase C and measure values of I, IL, and IC for each C. Complete Table 3.
5. Theoretically draw the circle diagram for varying C and verify whether your measured values are
on the circle or not.

Table 3: Parallel resonance by varying capacitance [f = 1 kHz, L =2.4 mH]

C(uF) I(ma) IL(ma) IC(ma)
0 69.23 69.238 0
2 113.25 68.82 54.5
3 123.618 68.706 61.43
4 128.58 68.67 64.54
5 131.264 68.65 66.15

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 4

 Experiment 7 Lab Manual

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 5

 Experiment 7 Lab Manual

Simulation and Measurement:

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 Experiment 7 Lab Manual

Report:

1. Complete Tables 1, 2, and 3.

2. Plot the variation of I, IL, and IC on the same graph paper.

References:

[1] Russel M. Kerchner and George F. Corcoran, “Alternating Current Circuits,” John Wiley & Sons, 4th
Edition, New York, USA, 1960, ISBN 0 85226408 9.
[2] Robert L. Boylestad, “Introductory Circuit Analysis”, Prentice Hall, 12th Edition, New York, 2010, ISBN
9780137146666.
[3] [Link] accessed on January 12, 2016.
[4] [Link] accessed on January 12, 2016.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 7